diff --git a/config/mirror.go b/config/mirror.go
index 58cc634ea..964f6b1a8 100644
--- a/config/mirror.go
+++ b/config/mirror.go
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ type Mirror struct {
 	// Compress specifies how to compress files. One of: "gzip", "none".
 	// Defaults to "gzip" if unspecified.
 	Compress string
-	// Storage configures the backing file store for the mirror.
+	// Storage configures the backing file store for the mirror write operations.
 	Storage filestore.Config
+	// Retrieval configures the backing file store for the mirror read operations.
+	Retrieval filestore.Config
 }
 
 // NewMirror returns Mirror with values set to their defaults.
diff --git a/filestore/s3.go b/filestore/s3.go
index e146cd28f..7a900b298 100644
--- a/filestore/s3.go
+++ b/filestore/s3.go
@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3"
 	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3/types"
 	"github.com/aws/smithy-go"
+	"github.com/ipfs/go-log/v2"
 )
 
+var s3logger = log.Logger("filestore/s3")
+
 // S3 is a file store that stores files in AWS S3.
 //
 // The region is set by environment variable and authentication is done by
@@ -96,14 +99,17 @@ func (s *S3) Get(ctx context.Context, relPath string) (*File, io.ReadCloser, err
 	if err != nil {
 		var nsk *types.NoSuchKey
 		if errors.As(err, &nsk) {
+			s3logger.Debugw("Cannot perform GET: no such key", "key", relPath)
 			return nil, nil, fs.ErrNotExist
 		}
 		var apiErr smithy.APIError
 		if errors.As(err, &apiErr) {
 			if apiErr.ErrorCode() == "NotFound" {
+				s3logger.Debugw("Cannot perform GET: API error not found", "key", relPath)
 				return nil, nil, fs.ErrNotExist
 			}
 		}
+		s3logger.Errorw("Failed to perform GET", "key", relPath, "err", err)
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -115,6 +121,7 @@ func (s *S3) Get(ctx context.Context, relPath string) (*File, io.ReadCloser, err
 		file.Modified = *rsp.LastModified
 	}
 
+	s3logger.Debugw("Successfully performed GET", "key", relPath)
 	return file, &wrappedReadCloser{rsp.Body}, nil
 }
 
@@ -128,17 +135,21 @@ func (s *S3) Head(ctx context.Context, relPath string) (*File, error) {
 		var apiErr smithy.APIError
 		if errors.As(err, &apiErr) {
 			if apiErr.ErrorCode() == "NotFound" {
+				s3logger.Debugw("Cannot perform HEAD: API error not found", "key", relPath)
 				return nil, fs.ErrNotExist
 			}
 		}
 		var nsk *types.NoSuchKey
 		if errors.As(err, &nsk) {
+			s3logger.Debugw("Cannot perform HEAD: no such key", "key", relPath)
 			return nil, fs.ErrNotExist
 		}
 		var nf *types.NotFound
 		if errors.As(err, &nf) {
+			s3logger.Debugw("Cannot perform HEAD: not found", "key", relPath)
 			return nil, fs.ErrNotExist
 		}
+		s3logger.Errorw("Failed to perform HEAD", "key", relPath, "err", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -149,7 +160,7 @@ func (s *S3) Head(ctx context.Context, relPath string) (*File, error) {
 	if rsp.LastModified != nil {
 		file.Modified = *rsp.LastModified
 	}
-
+	s3logger.Debugw("Successfully performed HEAD", "key", relPath)
 	return file, nil
 }
 
@@ -220,15 +231,17 @@ func (s *S3) Put(ctx context.Context, relPath string, reader io.Reader) (*File,
 		ContentType: aws.String("application/octet-stream"),
 	})
 	if err != nil {
+		s3logger.Errorw("Failed to perform PUT", "key", relPath, "err", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	file, err := s.Head(ctx, relPath)
 	if err != nil {
+		s3logger.Errorw("Failed to perform HEAD as part of PUT", "key", relPath, "err", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	file.URL = rsp.Location
-
+	s3logger.Debugw("Successfully performed PUT", "key", relPath)
 	return file, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 06091d203..34381333a 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime v0.21.0
 	github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/storage/dsadapter v0.0.0-20230102063945-1a409dc236dd
 	github.com/ipni/go-indexer-core v0.8.7
-	github.com/ipni/go-libipni v0.5.11
+	github.com/ipni/go-libipni v0.5.12
 	github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p v0.32.2
 	github.com/libp2p/go-msgio v0.3.0
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-homedir v1.1.0
@@ -204,7 +204,6 @@ require (
 	go.uber.org/fx v1.20.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/mock v0.4.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	go4.org v0.0.0-20230225012048-214862532bf5 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.18.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240103183307-be819d1f06fc // indirect
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.14.0 // indirect
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index ec5b10db4..40ad2143f 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -594,8 +594,8 @@ github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/storage/dsadapter v0.0.0-20230102063945-1a409dc236
 github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/storage/dsadapter v0.0.0-20230102063945-1a409dc236dd/go.mod h1:9DD/GM0JNPoisgR09F62kbBi7kHa4eDIea4XshXYOVc=
 github.com/ipni/go-indexer-core v0.8.7 h1:IaEBoVe1RiTBDTj8MiUlbsYk/L32AOjtCBhQQmXuxIo=
 github.com/ipni/go-indexer-core v0.8.7/go.mod h1:lLWTrQ7dhKwCak1qn6AQBNoSrGYBAXJJy2OGc02BO2Q=
-github.com/ipni/go-libipni v0.5.11 h1:h79WCuLwAekIQpw09lzJ5FDc432FtEt1pxHnJavDs10=
-github.com/ipni/go-libipni v0.5.11/go.mod h1:c8mHa6J9iFREpDB29GlPIsbvztRq6bnhg5zJKrnvdUg=
+github.com/ipni/go-libipni v0.5.12 h1:skNIaCoGv2kXR4HCii0P1FjSUL5U7thSjGWnfdgw568=
+github.com/ipni/go-libipni v0.5.12/go.mod h1:c8mHa6J9iFREpDB29GlPIsbvztRq6bnhg5zJKrnvdUg=
 github.com/iris-contrib/blackfriday v2.0.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:UzZ2bDEoaSGPbkg6SAB4att1aAwTmVIx/5gCVqeyUdI=
 github.com/iris-contrib/go.uuid v2.0.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:iz2lgM/1UnEf1kP0L/+fafWORmlnuysV2EMP8MW+qe0=
 github.com/iris-contrib/i18n v0.0.0-20171121225848-987a633949d0/go.mod h1:pMCz62A0xJL6I+umB2YTlFRwWXaDFA0jy+5HzGiJjqI=
@@ -1300,9 +1300,8 @@ go.uber.org/zap v1.19.1/go.mod h1:j3DNczoxDZroyBnOT1L/Q79cfUMGZxlv/9dzN7SM1rI=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.26.0 h1:sI7k6L95XOKS281NhVKOFCUNIvv9e0w4BF8N3u+tCRo=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.26.0/go.mod h1:dtElttAiwGvoJ/vj4IwHBS/gXsEu/pZ50mUIRWuG0so=
 go4.org v0.0.0-20180809161055-417644f6feb5/go.mod h1:MkTOUMDaeVYJUOUsaDXIhWPZYa1yOyC1qaOBpL57BhE=
+go4.org v0.0.0-20200411211856-f5505b9728dd h1:BNJlw5kRTzdmyfh5U8F93HA2OwkP7ZGwA51eJ/0wKOU=
 go4.org v0.0.0-20200411211856-f5505b9728dd/go.mod h1:CIiUVy99QCPfoE13bO4EZaz5GZMZXMSBGhxRdsvzbkg=
-go4.org v0.0.0-20230225012048-214862532bf5 h1:nifaUDeh+rPaBCMPMQHZmvJf+QdpLFnuQPwx+LxVmtc=
-go4.org v0.0.0-20230225012048-214862532bf5/go.mod h1:F57wTi5Lrj6WLyswp5EYV1ncrEbFGHD4hhz6S1ZYeaU=
 golang.org/x/build v0.0.0-20190111050920-041ab4dc3f9d/go.mod h1:OWs+y06UdEOHN4y+MfF/py+xQ/tYqIWW03b70/CG9Rw=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20170930174604-9419663f5a44/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnfUPMdvaQW0Q7yPrPDi9nlGo2tz2b4=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20180904163835-0709b304e793/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnfUPMdvaQW0Q7yPrPDi9nlGo2tz2b4=
@@ -1427,7 +1426,6 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220127200216-cd36cc0744dd/go.mod h1:CfG3xpIq0wQ8r1q4Su
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220225172249-27dd8689420f/go.mod h1:CfG3xpIq0wQ8r1q4Su4UZFWDARRcnwPjda9FqA0JpMk=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug+ECip1KBveYUHfp+8e9klMJ9c=
 golang.org/x/net v0.1.0/go.mod h1:Cx3nUiGt4eDBEyega/BKRp+/AlGL8hYe7U9odMt2Cco=
-golang.org/x/net v0.7.0/go.mod h1:2Tu9+aMcznHK/AK1HMvgo6xiTLG5rD5rZLDS+rp2Bjs=
 golang.org/x/net v0.20.0 h1:aCL9BSgETF1k+blQaYUBx9hJ9LOGP3gAVemcZlf1Kpo=
 golang.org/x/net v0.20.0/go.mod h1:z8BVo6PvndSri0LbOE3hAn0apkU+1YvI6E70E9jsnvY=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
@@ -1541,7 +1539,6 @@ golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201117132131-f5c789dd3221/go.mod h1:Nr5EML6q2oocZ2LXR
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
 golang.org/x/term v0.1.0/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
-golang.org/x/term v0.5.0/go.mod h1:jMB1sMXY+tzblOD4FWmEbocvup2/aLOaQEp7JmGp78k=
 golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.1-0.20180807135948-17ff2d5776d2/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
@@ -1550,7 +1547,6 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.4.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 h1:ScX5w1eTa3QqT8oi6+ziP7dTV1S2+ALU0bI+0zXKWiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20180412165947-fbb02b2291d2/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
diff --git a/internal/ingest/ingest_test.go b/internal/ingest/ingest_test.go
index ab9ab0a32..512f0151c 100644
--- a/internal/ingest/ingest_test.go
+++ b/internal/ingest/ingest_test.go
@@ -1604,6 +1604,8 @@ func TestGetEntryDataFromCar(t *testing.T) {
 	cfgWithMirror.AdvertisementMirror.Write = true
 	cfgWithMirror.AdvertisementMirror.Storage.Type = "local"
 	cfgWithMirror.AdvertisementMirror.Storage.Local.BasePath = tempDir
+	cfgWithMirror.AdvertisementMirror.Retrieval.Type = "local"
+	cfgWithMirror.AdvertisementMirror.Retrieval.Local.BasePath = tempDir
 
 	te := setupTestEnv(t, true, func(optCfg *testEnvOpts) {
 		optCfg.ingestConfig = &cfgWithMirror
diff --git a/internal/ingest/mirror.go b/internal/ingest/mirror.go
index 77786e975..ea8133206 100644
--- a/internal/ingest/mirror.go
+++ b/internal/ingest/mirror.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package ingest
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
 	"github.com/ipfs/go-datastore"
@@ -47,36 +48,33 @@ func (m adMirror) readWriteSame() bool {
 
 func newMirror(cfgMirror config.Mirror, dstore datastore.Batching) (adMirror, error) {
 	var m adMirror
-
-	if !(cfgMirror.Read || cfgMirror.Write) {
-		return m, nil
-	}
-
-	fileStore, err := filestore.MakeFilestore(cfgMirror.Storage)
-	if err != nil {
-		return m, fmt.Errorf("cannot create car file storage for mirror: %w", err)
-	}
-	if fileStore == nil {
-		return m, nil
-	}
-
 	if cfgMirror.Write {
-		m.carWriter, err = carstore.NewWriter(dstore, fileStore, carstore.WithCompress(cfgMirror.Compress))
-		if err != nil {
-			return m, fmt.Errorf("cannot create car file writer: %w", err)
+		switch writeStore, err := filestore.MakeFilestore(cfgMirror.Storage); {
+		case err != nil:
+			return m, fmt.Errorf("cannot create car file storage for mirror: %w", err)
+		case writeStore != nil:
+			m.carWriter, err = carstore.NewWriter(dstore, writeStore, carstore.WithCompress(cfgMirror.Compress))
+			if err != nil {
+				return m, fmt.Errorf("cannot create mirror car file writer: %w", err)
+			}
+		default:
+			log.Warnw("Mirror write is enabled with no storage backend", "backendType", cfgMirror.Storage.Type)
 		}
 	}
-
 	if cfgMirror.Read {
-		m.carReader, err = carstore.NewReader(fileStore, carstore.WithCompress(cfgMirror.Compress))
-		if err != nil {
-			return m, fmt.Errorf("cannot create car file reader: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if m.carWriter != nil { // TODO: && rdFileStore == wrFileStore {
-			m.rdWrSame = true
+		switch readStore, err := filestore.MakeFilestore(cfgMirror.Retrieval); {
+		case err != nil:
+			return m, fmt.Errorf("cannot create car file retrieval for mirror: %w", err)
+		case readStore != nil:
+			m.carReader, err = carstore.NewReader(readStore, carstore.WithCompress(cfgMirror.Compress))
+			if err != nil {
+				return m, fmt.Errorf("cannot create mirror car file reader: %w", err)
+			}
+		default:
+			log.Warnw("Mirror read is enabled with no retrieval backend", "backendType", cfgMirror.Retrieval.Type)
 		}
 	}
 
+	m.rdWrSame = m.carWriter != nil && m.carReader != nil && reflect.DeepEqual(cfgMirror.Storage, cfgMirror.Retrieval)
 	return m, nil
 }
diff --git a/ipni-gc/cmd/ipnigc/daemon.go b/ipni-gc/cmd/ipnigc/daemon.go
index b2e3a8965..23e88a3c5 100644
--- a/ipni-gc/cmd/ipnigc/daemon.go
+++ b/ipni-gc/cmd/ipnigc/daemon.go
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func daemonAction(cctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 	var fileStore filestore.Interface
 	cfgMirror := cfg.Ingest.AdvertisementMirror
-	if cfgMirror.Read || cfgMirror.Write {
+	if cfgMirror.Write {
 		fileStore, err = filestore.MakeFilestore(cfgMirror.Storage)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
diff --git a/ipni-gc/cmd/ipnigc/provider.go b/ipni-gc/cmd/ipnigc/provider.go
index 55ae1d76b..3a6eb33e3 100644
--- a/ipni-gc/cmd/ipnigc/provider.go
+++ b/ipni-gc/cmd/ipnigc/provider.go
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ func providerAction(cctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 	var fileStore filestore.Interface
 	cfgMirror := cfg.Ingest.AdvertisementMirror
-	if cfgMirror.Read || cfgMirror.Write {
+	if cfgMirror.Write {
 		fileStore, err = filestore.MakeFilestore(cfgMirror.Storage)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err