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<html>
<head>
<title>C++ ABI Summary</title>
<link rel=stylesheet href=small-table.css type="text/css">
</head>
<body>
<hr>
<h1>Itanium C++ ABI</h1>
<p><i>Revised March 14, 2017</i></p>
<hr>
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>The Itanium C++ ABI is an ABI for C++. As an ABI, it gives precise
rules for implementing the language, ensuring that separately-compiled
parts of a program can successfully interoperate. Although it was
initially developed for the Itanium architecture, it is not
platform-specific and can be layered portably on top of an arbitrary
C ABI. Accordingly, it is used as the standard C++ ABI for many
major operating systems on all major architectures, and is implemented
in many major C++ compilers, including GCC and Clang.</p>
<h2>Contact</h2>
<p>This website may be mirrored in many places, some of which may become
stale. The current canonical location is:
<ul>
<li><a href="http://itanium-cxx-abi.github.io/cxx-abi/">http://itanium-cxx-abi.github.io/cxx-abi/</a></li>
</ul></p>
<p>The primary discussion forum for the ABI is the
<a href="http://github.com/itanium-cxx-abi/cxx-abi/">GitHub repository</a>.
Please open a new issue for any new topic you want to discuss.
Previously, the ABI was discussed on a mailing list, cxx-abi-dev,
whose <a href="cxx-abi-dev/index.html">archives</a> are still
accessible.</p>
<h2>Drafts</h2>
<p>
<ul>
<li> Draft <a href=abi.html>C++ ABI for Itanium</a>
<li> Draft psABI <a href=abi-eh.html>exception handling</a> specification
<li> <a href=abi-examples.html>ABI Examples</a> code samples and tests
<p>
<li> Sample GCC code:
<ul>
<li> <a href=gcc-typeinfo>typeinfo</a>:
class type_info declaration
<li> <a href=gcc-cxxabi.h>cxxabi.h</a>:
ABI support type_info classes and prototypes
<li> <a href=gcc-vec.cc>vec.cc</a>:
ABI vector new and delete helpers
<li> <a href=gcc-tinfo.h>tinfo.h</a>:
runtime header for tinfo.cc & tinfo2.cc
<li> <a href=gcc-tinfo.cc>tinfo.cc</a>:
ABI dynamic cast and catch matching routines
<li> <a href=gcc-tinfo2.cc>tinfo2.cc</a>:
ABI non-class type_info definitions
</ul>
</ul>
<p>
Proposals and auxiliary information:
<ul>
<li> Proposals to the base ABI group for
<a href=abi/prop-72-comdat.html>COMDAT</a> sections
and removing limitations on <a href=abi/prop-74-sindex.html>
section indices</a>.
<li> <a href=prop-F3-interface.html>SGI Interface Section</a> proposal.
<li> <a href=cxx-vtable-ex.html>Vtable layout</a> examples.
<li> WG21 <a href=argument-destruction.pdf>argument destruction</a>
writeup (PDF)
</ul>
<p>
<!--<li> <a href=cxx-contact.html>Participants and meetings</a>-->
<li>Legacy <a href=cxx-open.html>open</a> issues list
<li>Legacy <a href=cxx-closed.html>closed</a> issues list
</ul>
<p>
<hr>
<p>
<h4> Objectives </h4>
<ul>
<p>
<li>
Interoperable C++ compilation on Itanium:
we want users to be able to build relocatable objects with
different compilers and link them together,
and if possible even to ship common DSOs.
This objective implies agreement on:
<ul>
<li> Data representation
<li> Object file representation
<li> Library API
</ul>
<p>
<li>
ISO Standard C++:
highest priority is functionality and performance of standard-compliant code.
It should not be sacrificed for the benefit of language extensions or
legacy implementations (though considering them as tie-breakers is fine).
<p>
<li>
Some areas will be easier to agree on than others.
Our priorities should be based on achieving as much
interoperability as possible if we can't attain perfection.
That is, it is better to end up with a few restrictions being required
for interoperable code, than to have no interoperability at all.
This suggests priorities as follows:
<ol>
<li> Items requiring base ABI changes that might affect other
languages, and will therefore become impossible soon.
Examples include exception handling / stack unwind,
or ELF changes (not extensions).
<li> Core features where differences will prevent virtually any
C++ object code from porting.
Examples include data layout and calling conventions.
<li> Limited usage features,
where users can achieve portability by avoiding the feature.
An example might be multi-threading.
<li> Peripheral features,
where the requirements on users to achieve
portability are clear and easy to implement.
An example is non-explicit inlining,
where compilers would presumably allow it to just be suppressed.
<li> Tool interfaces, which affect how users build code,
rather than what they build.
An example is the compilation command line.
</ol>
<p>
<li>
Mechanisms/methods which allow coexistence of incompatible
implementations may be suitable in some cases.
For instance, packaging vendor-specific compiler support runtimes
in DSOs occupying distinct namespaces might allow multiple such DSOs to
be loaded for mixed objects and avoid requiring that all vendors have
the same support runtimes.
</ul>
<p>
<hr>
<p>
<h4> Action Item Status </h4>
<p>
<table border=on cellpadding=3>
<tr class=small>
<th> # </th>
<th> Action </th>
<th> Who </th>
<th> Status </th>
<th> Opened </th>
<th> Closed </th>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 1 </td>
<td> Distribute Sun C++ ABI </td>
<td> Mike Ball </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 990930 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 2 </td>
<td> Distribute Sun C++ ABI Rationale </td>
<td> Mike Ball </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 990930 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 3 </td>
<td> Distribute Taligent C++ ABI </td>
<td> Cary Coutant </td>
<td> moot </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 991101 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 4 </td>
<td> Expedite Itanium RT Arch doc release </td>
<td> Cary Coutant </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 990720 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 5 </td>
<td> Set up n-way NDA for eligible members </td>
<td> Priti Shrivastav </td>
<td> open </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 6 </td>
<td> Organize/summarize object layout issues and alternatives </td>
<td> Matt Austern </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 990624 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 7 </td>
<td> Write-up of Vfunc call protocol
</td>
<td> Christophe de Dinechin </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990610 </td>
<td> 990805 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 8 </td>
<td> Write-up of object layout strawman </td>
<td> Matt Austern </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990610 </td>
<td> 990624 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 9 </td>
<td> Check with c++-core about empty base placement </td>
<td> Jason Merrill </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990610 </td>
<td> 990618 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 10 </td>
<td> Describe dynamic cast / inaccessible base issue </td>
<td> Daveed Vandevoorde </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990617 </td>
<td> 990701 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 11 </td>
<td> Summarize ctor/dtor issues </td>
<td> Michael Lam </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990617 </td>
<td> 990729 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 12 </td>
<td> Describe Intel exception model </td>
<td> Priti Shrivastav </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990624 </td>
<td> 990818 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 13 </td>
<td> Propose RTTI representation </td>
<td> Daveed Vandevoorde </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990701 </td>
<td> 990819 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 14 </td>
<td> Open EDG exception stack? </td>
<td> Daveed Vandevoorde </td>
<td> moot </td>
<td> 990715 </td>
<td> 990930 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 15 </td>
<td> Priority scheme descriptor for C-2 </td>
<td> Jim Dehnert </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990715 </td>
<td> 990804 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 16 </td>
<td> Covariant return scheme </td>
<td> Jason Merrill </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990715 </td>
<td> 990729 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 17 </td>
<td> Validate Christophe's B-6 Vtable layout </td>
<td> Jim Dehnert </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990729 </td>
<td> 990811 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 18 </td>
<td> Check Sun dynamic cast algorithm </td>
<td> Michael Lam </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990805 </td>
<td> 990812 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 19 </td>
<td> Write up C-3 destructor proposal </td>
<td> Jim Dehnert </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990805 </td>
<td> 990811 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 20 </td>
<td> Look at implications of discussion on B-1, B-6 </td>
<td> Christophe de Dinechin </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990812 </td>
<td> 990830 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 21 </td>
<td> Look at alternative implementations of C-2 </td>
<td> Jim Dehnert </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990812 </td>
<td> 991110 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 22 </td>
<td> Describe HP hash processing for RTTI </td>
<td> Christophe de Dinechin </td>
<td> moot </td>
<td> 990826 </td>
<td> 990930 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 23 </td>
<td> Complete RTTI proposal </td>
<td> Daveed Vandevoorde </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990826 </td>
<td> 991006 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 24 </td>
<td> Summarize Vtable issues </td>
<td> Jason Merrill </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990909 </td>
<td> 990930 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 25 </td>
<td> Update traceback personality API </td>
<td> Christophe de Dinechin </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 990923 </td>
<td> 000105 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 26 </td>
<td> Push COMDAT to base ABI group </td>
<td> Jim Dehnert </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 991014 </td>
<td> 000317 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 27 </td>
<td> Writeup Vtable Changes </td>
<td> Jason Merrill </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 991014 </td>
<td> 991021 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 28 </td>
<td> Write Virtual destructor proposal </td>
<td> Christophe de Dinechin </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 991014 </td>
<td> 000217 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 29 </td>
<td> dynamic_cast pseudocode </td>
<td> Jason Merrill </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 991028 </td>
<td> 000712 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 30 </td>
<td> Mangling proposal </td>
<td> Daveed Vandevoorde </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 991028 </td>
<td> 000118 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 31 </td>
<td> Construction vtable writeup </td>
<td> Coleen Phillimore </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 000127 </td>
<td> 000216 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 32 </td>
<td> Raise sorting issue C-2 with base ABI group </td>
<td> Jim Dehnert </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 991202 </td>
<td> 000717 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 33 </td>
<td> long double in psABI </td>
<td> Christophe de Dinechin </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 000210 </td>
<td> 0003xx </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 34 </td>
<td> incomplete_type_info proposal </td>
<td> Christophe de Dinechin </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 000210 </td>
<td> 000316 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 35 </td>
<td> new array cookie writeup </td>
<td> Matt Austern </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 000210 </td>
<td> 000217 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 36 </td>
<td> Mangling document update </td>
<td> Daveed Vandevoorde </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 000210 </td>
<td> 000217 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> 37 </td>
<td> Validate utility of has-public-base </td>
<td> Nathan Sidwell </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> 000218 </td>
<td> 000705 </td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<hr>
<p>
<h4> Issue Status </h4>
In the following table,
the <b><i>class</i></b> column attempts to classify the issue on the
basis of what it likely affects.
The identifiers used are:
<table>
<tr class=small> <td> call </td>
<td> Function call interface, i.e. call linkage </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> data </td>
<td> Data layout </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> lib </td>
<td> Runtime library support </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> lif </td>
<td> Library interface, i.e. API </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> g </td>
<td> Potential gABI impact </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> ps </td>
<td> Potential psABI impact </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> source </td>
<td> Source code conventions (i.e. API, not ABI) </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> tools </td>
<td> May affect how program construction tools interact </td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<hr width=50%>
<p>
<table border=on cellpadding=3>
<tr class=small>
<th> # </th>
<th> Issue </th>
<th> Class </th>
<th> Status </th>
<th> Source </th>
<th> Opened </th>
<th> Closed </th>
</tr>
<tr class=small> </tr>
<tr class=small> <th> A </th>
<th colspan=6> Object Layout </th>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-1 </td>
<td> Vptr location </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 990520 </td>
<td> 990624 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-2 </td>
<td> Virtual base classes </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 990520 </td>
<td> 990624 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-3 </td>
<td> Multiple inheritance </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 990520 </td>
<td> 990701 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-4 </td>
<td> Empty base classes </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 990520 </td>
<td> 990624 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-5 </td>
<td> Empty parameters </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 990520 </td>
<td> 001117 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-6 </td>
<td> RTTI (<code>type_info</code>) .o representation </td>
<td> data call ps </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 990520 </td>
<td> 991028 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-7 </td>
<td> Vptr sharing with primary base class </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> HP </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 990729 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-8 </td>
<td> (Virtual) base class alignment </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> HP </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 990624 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-9 </td>
<td> Sorting fields as allowed by [class.mem]/12 </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> HP </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 990624 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-10 </td>
<td> Class parameters in registers </td>
<td> call </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> HP </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 990701 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-11 </td>
<td> Pointers to member functions </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> Cygnus </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 990812 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-12 </td>
<td> Merging secondary vtables </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> Sun </td>
<td> 990610 </td>
<td> 990805 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-13 </td>
<td> Parameter struct field promotion </td>
<td> call </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 990701 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-14 </td>
<td> Pointers to data members </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 990729 </td>
<td> 990805 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-15 </td>
<td> Empty bit-fields </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> CodeSourcery </td>
<td> 991214 </td>
<td> 000106 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-16 </td>
<td> Nearly empty virtual bases </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 991228 </td>
<td> 000106 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-17 </td>
<td> Primary indirect virtual base allocation </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 991228 </td>
<td> 000113 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-18 </td>
<td> Virtual base alignment </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 991228 </td>
<td> 000113 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-19 </td>
<td> Primary indirect virtual base choice </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> All </td>
<td> 000106 </td>
<td> 000120 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> A-20 </td>
<td> Operator new array cookies </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> All </td>
<td> 000113 </td>
<td> 000120 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <a href=cxx-closed.html#A21><td> A-21 </td></a>
<td> Placement new array cookies </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> All </td>
<td> 000113 </td>
<td> 000217 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <a href=cxx-closed.html#A22><td> A-22 </td></a>
<td> RTTI for reference types </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> CodeSourcery </td>
<td> 000119 </td>
<td> 000203 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <a href=cxx-closed.html#A23><td> A-23 </td></a>
<td> RTTI class descriptors </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> CodeSourcery </td>
<td> 000124 </td>
<td> 000302 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <a href=cxx-closed.html#A24><td> A-24 </td></a>
<td> RTTI for incomplete types </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> CodeSourcery </td>
<td> 000126 </td>
<td> 000330 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <a href=cxx-closed.html#A25><td> A-25 </td></a>
<td> Excess-width bitfields </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> IBM </td>
<td> 000204 </td>
<td> 000217 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <a href=cxx-closed.html#A26><td> A-26 </td></a>
<td> NULL pointers to member functions </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> CodeSourcery </td>
<td> 000221 </td>
<td> 000302 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <a href=cxx-closed.html#A27><td> A-27 </td></a>
<td> NULL pointers to data members </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> CodeSourcery </td>
<td> 000222 </td>
<td> 000302 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <a href=cxx-closed.html#A28><td> A-28 </td></a>
<td> RTTI equality testing </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> CodeSourcery </td>
<td> 000406 </td>
<td> 000504 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <a href=cxx-closed.html#A29><td> A-29 </td></a>
<td> RTTI pointer-to-member </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> CodeSourcery </td>
<td> 000407 </td>
<td> 000504 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <a href=cxx-open.html#A30><td> A-30 </td></a>
<td> RTTI portability </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> HUB </td>
<td> 001012 </td>
<td> 001109 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <a href=cxx-open.html#A31><td> A-31 </td></a>
<td> Overlaying tail padding </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> CodeSourcery </td>
<td> 001019 </td>
<td> 001109 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> </tr>
<tr class=small> <th> B </th>
<th colspan=6>
Virtual Function Handling </th>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> B-1 </td>
<td> Adjustment of "this" pointer (e.g. thunks) </td>
<td> data call </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 990520 </td>
<td> 991202 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> B-2 </td>
<td> Covariant return types </td>
<td> call </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 990520 </td>
<td> 990722 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> B-3 </td>
<td> Allowed caching of vtable contents </td>
<td> call </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> HP </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 990805 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> B-4 </td>
<td> Function descriptors in vtable </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> HP </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 990805 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> B-5 </td>
<td> Where are vtables emitted? </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> HP </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 991118 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> B-6 </td>
<td> Virtual function table layout </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 990520 </td>
<td> 991028 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> B-7 </td>
<td> Objects and Vtables in shared memory </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> HP </td>
<td> 990624 </td>
<td> 990805 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> B-8 </td>
<td> dynamic_cast </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 990628 </td>
<td> 991014 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> B-9 </td>
<td> Primary base vtable embedding </td>
<td> data </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> Cygnus </td>
<td> 000217 </td>
<td> 000302 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <a href=cxx-closed.html#B10> <td> B-10 </td></a>
<td> Pure virtual runtime </td>
<td> call </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> CodeSourcery </td>
<td> 000629 </td>
<td> 000706 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> </tr>
<tr class=small> <th> C </th>
<th colspan=6> Object Construction/Destruction </th>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> C-1 </td>
<td> Interaction with .init/.fini </td>
<td> lif ps </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> SGI </td>
<td> 990520 </td>
<td> 991202 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> C-2 </td>
<td> Order of ctors/dtors w.r.t. link </td>
<td> lif ps </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> HP </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 000817 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> C-3 </td>
<td> Order of ctors/dtors w.r.t. DSOs </td>
<td> ps </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> HP </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 000504 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> C-4 </td>
<td> Construction vtables </td>
<td> call </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> Cygnus </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 000504 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> C-5 </td>
<td> Calling virtual destructors </td>
<td> call </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> Sun </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 991104 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> C-6 </td>
<td> Extra parameters to ctors/dtors </td>
<td> call </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> Cygnus </td>
<td> 990603 </td>
<td> 991104</td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> C-7 </td>
<td> Passing value parameters by reference </td>
<td> call </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> All </td>
<td> 990625 </td>
<td> 990805 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <td> C-8 </td>
<td> Returning classes with non-trival copy constructors </td>
<td> call </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> All </td>
<td> 990625 </td>
<td> 990722 </td>
</tr>
<tr class=small> <a href=cxx-closed.html#C9> <td> C-9 </td></a>
<td> Passing parameters with ctors/dtors </td>
<td> call </td>
<td> closed </td>
<td> All </td>