diff --git a/VOHE-Note.bib b/VOHE-Note.bib index bc399f1..c3fb06b 100644 --- a/VOHE-Note.bib +++ b/VOHE-Note.bib @@ -129,13 +129,29 @@ @misc{std:W3CProvDM url = {http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm} } -@misc{unbehaun2023prospects, - title={Prospects for combined analyses of hadronic emission from $\gamma$-ray sources in the Milky Way with CTA and KM3NeT}, - author={T. Unbehaun, L. Mohrmann, et al.}, - year={2023}, - eprint={2309.03007}, - archivePrefix={arXiv}, - primaryClass={astro-ph.HE} +@article{giunti2022, + author = {{Giunti, L.} and {Acero, F.} and {Khélifi, B.} and {Kosack, K.} and {Lemière, A.} and {Terrier, R.}}, + title = {Constraining leptonic emission scenarios for the PeVatron candidate HESS J1702−420 with deep XMM-Newton observations}, + DOI= "10.1051/0004-6361/202244696", + url= "https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244696", + journal = {\aap}, + year = 2022, + volume = 667, + pages = "A130", +} + +@article{unbehaun2024, + title={Prospects for combined analyses of hadronic emission from $$\gamma $$-ray sources in the Milky Way with CTA and KM3NeT}, + volume={84}, + ISSN={1434-6052}, + url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12279-z}, + DOI={10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12279-z}, + number={2}, + journal={The European Physical Journal C}, + publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, + author={Unbehaun, T. and Mohrmann, L. and Funk, S. and Aiello, S. and Albert, A. and Garre, S. Alves and Aly, Z. and Ambrosone, A. and Ameli, F. and Andre, M. and Androutsou, E. and Anghinolfi, M. and Anguita, M. and Aphecetche, L. and Ardid, M. and Ardid, S. and Atmani, H. and Aublin, J. and Bagatelas, C. and Bailly-Salins, L. and Baret, B. and du Pree, S. Basegmez and Becherini, Y. and Bendahman, M. and Benfenati, F. and Benhassi, M. and Benoit, D. M. and Berbee, E. and Bertin, V. and Biagi, S. and Boettcher, M. and Cabo, M. Bou and Boumaaza, J. and Bouta, M. and Bouwhuis, M. and Bozza, C. and Bozza, R. M. and Brânzaş, H. and Bretaudeau, F. and Bruijn, R. and Brunner, J. and Bruno, R. and Buis, E. and Buompane, R. and Busto, J. and Caiffi, B. and Calvo, D. and Campion, S. and Capone, A. and Carenini, F. and Carretero, V. and Cartraud, T. and Castaldi, P. and Cecchini, V. and Celli, S. and Cerisy, L. and Chabab, M. and Chadolias, M. and Chen, A. and Cherubini, S. and Chiarusi, T. and Circella, M. and Cocimano, R. and Coelho, J. A. B. and Coleiro, A. and Coniglione, R. and Coyle, P. and Creusot, A. and Cruz, A. and Cuttone, G. and Dallier, R. and Darras, Y. and De Benedittis, A. and De Martino, B. and Decoene, V. and Del Burgo, R. and Di Mauro, L. S. and Di Palma, I. and Díaz, A. F. and Diego-Tortosa, D. and Distefano, C. and Domi, A. and Donzaud, C. and Dornic, D. and Dörr, M. and Drakopoulou, E. and Drouhin, D. and Dvornický, R. and Eberl, T. and Eddymaoui, A. and van Eeden, T. and Eff, M. and van Eijk, D. and El Bojaddaini, I. and El Hedri, S. and Enzenhöfer, A. and Ferrara, G. and Filipović, M. D. and Filippini, F. and Fusco, L. A. and Gabriel, J. and Gal, T. and Méndez, J. García and Soto, A. Garcia and Oliver, C. Gatius and Geißelbrecht, N. and Ghaddari, H. and Gialanella, L. and Gibson, B. K. and Giorgio, E. and Girardi, A. and Goos, I. and Gozzini, S. R. and Gracia, R. and Graf, K. and Guderian, D. and Guidi, C. and Guillon, B. and Gutiérrez, M. and van Haren, H. and Heijboer, A. and Hekalo, A. and Hennig, L. and Hernández-Rey, J. J. and Huang, F. and Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi and Illuminati, G. and James, C. W. and de Jong, M. and de Jong, P. and Jung, B. J. and Kalaczyński, P. and Kalekin, O. and Katz, U. F. and Chowdhury, N. R. Khan and Khatun, A. and Kistauri, G. and van der Knaap, F. and Kouchner, A. and Kulikovskiy, V. and Kvatadze, R. and Labalme, M. and Lahmann, R. and Larosa, G. and Lastoria, C. and Lazo, A. and Le Stum, S. and Lehaut, G. and Leonora, E. and Lessing, N. and Levi, G. and Clark, M. Lindsey and Longhitano, F. and Majumdar, J. and Malerba, L. and Mańczak, J. and Manfreda, A. and Marconi, M. and Margiotta, A. and Marinelli, A. and Markou, C. and Martin, L. and Marzaioli, F. and Mastrodicasa, M. and Mastroianni, S. and Miccichè, S. and Miele, G. and Migliozzi, P. and Migneco, E. and Mijakowski, P. and Mitsou, M. L. and Mollo, C. M. and Morales-Gallegos, L. and Morley-Wong, C. and Mosbrugger, A. and Moussa, A. and Mateo, I. Mozun and Muller, R. and Musone, M. R. and Musumeci, M. and Nauta, L. and Navas, S. and Nayerhoda, A. and Nicolau, C. A. and Nkosi, B. and Ó Fearraigh, B. and Oliviero, V. and Orlando, A. and Oukacha, E. and González, J. Palacios and Papalashvili, G. and Gomez, E. J. Pastor and Păun, A. M. and Păvălaş, G. E. and Martínez, S. Peña and Perrin-Terrin, M. and Perronnel, J. and Pestel, V. and Pestes, R. and Piattelli, P. and Poirè, C. and Popa, V. and Pradier, T. and Pulvirenti, S. and Quéméner, G. and Quiroz, C. and Rahaman, U. and Randazzo, N. and Razzaque, S. and Rea, I. C. and Real, D. and Reck, S. and Riccobene, G. and Robinson, J. and Romanov, A. and Roscilli, L. and Saina, A. and Greus, F. Salesa and Samtleben, D. F. E. and Losa, A. S.ánchez and Sanguineti, M. and Santonastaso, C. and Santonocito, D. and Sapienza, P. and Schnabel, J. and Schneider, M. F. and Schumann, J. and Schutte, H. M. and Seneca, J. and Sennan, N. and Setter, B. and Sgura, I. and Shanidze, R. and Shitov, Y. and Šimkovic, F. and Simonelli, A. and Sinopoulou, A. and Smirnov, M. V. and Spisso, B. and Spurio, M. and Stavropoulos, D. and Štekl, I. and Taiuti, M. and Tayalati, Y. and Tedjditi, H. and Thiersen, H. and Tosta e Melo, I. and Trocme, B. and Tsagkli, S. and Tsourapis, V. and Tzamariudaki, E. and Vacheret, A. and Valsecchi, V. and Van Elewyck, V. and Vannoye, G. and Vasileiadis, G. and de Sola, F. Vazquez and Verilhac, C. and Veutro, A. and Viola, S. and Vivolo, D. and Warnhofer, H. and Wilms, J. and de Wolf, E. and Yousfi, T. and Zarpapis, G. and Zavatarelli, S. and Zegarelli, A. and Zito, D. and Zornoza, J. D. and Zúñiga, J. and Zywucka, N.}, + year={2024}, + month=feb } % Gammapy diff --git a/VOHE-Note.tex b/VOHE-Note.tex index c7f7923..ceb2654 100644 --- a/VOHE-Note.tex +++ b/VOHE-Note.tex @@ -389,18 +389,25 @@ \section{Use Cases} \subsection{UC1: re-analyse event-list data for a source in a catalog} -After the selection of a source of interest, or a group of sources, one may access different HE data products such as images, spectra and light-curves, and then want to download the corresponding event-lists and calibrations to further analyse the data. +After the selection of a source of interest, or a group of sources, one may access different HE data products such as +images, spectra and light-curves, and then want to download the corresponding event-lists and calibrations to further +analyse the data. %\todo[inline]{To be completed (e.g. Paula, Laurent)} -One of the characteristics of the HE data is that, contrary to what is usually done in optics for example, their optimal use requires providing users with a view of the processing that generated the data. This implies providing ancillary data, products with different calibration levels, and possibly linking together products issued by the same processing. +One of the characteristics of the HE data is that, contrary to what is usually done in optics for example, their optimal +use requires providing users with a view of the processing that generated the data. This implies providing ancillary data, +products with different calibration levels, and possibly linking together products issued by the same processing. %(LM) \subsection{UC2: observation preparation} -When planning for a new HE observation, one needs to search for any existing event-list data already available in the targeted sky regions, and assess if this data is sufficient to fulfill the science objectives. +When planning for new VHE observations, one needs to search for any existing event-list data already available in the +targeted sky regions, and assess if this data is enough to fulfill the science goals. -\todo[inline]{To be completed (e.g. Bruno)} +For this use case, one needs first to obtain the stacked exposure maps of past observations. This quantity is +energy-dependent for VHE data can be derived from pointing position and effective areas that are position- and energy- +dependent associated to each observation. \subsection{UC3: transient or variable sources} @@ -411,25 +418,53 @@ \subsection{UC3: transient or variable sources} \subsection{UC4: Multi-wavelength and multi-messenger science} -Though there are scientific results based on HE data only, the multi-wavelength and multi-messenger approach is particularly developed in the HE domain. An astrophysical source of HE radiations is indeed generally radiating energy in several domains across the electromagnetic spectrum and may be a strong source of other particles. It is not rare to observe a HE source in radio and to look for counterparts in the infrared, optical or UV domain. Spectroscopy is also widely used to identify HE sources. - -The HE domain is thus confronted to different kinds of data types and data archives, which leads to interesting use cases for the development of the VO. - -\todo[inline]{To be completed (e.g. Bruno)} - - -\subsection{Examples of multi-wavelength analysis} - -\subsubsection{Multiple Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes extraction example} - -In order to exploit high energy data across a large interval of energy values, and from various IACTs, there is a need to harmonise metadata description. -Datasets can then be mixed together to create a fused event-list dataset, to expand the analysis along the spectral energy axis and study the spectral behaviour of an astronomical object. - -This was proposed in \citep{2019A&A...625A..10N} by a group of HE astronomers of various HE facilities. -%This work used event-list data products as an input from different facilities (MAGIC, H.E.S.S., FACT, VERITAS, etc...). data for the Crab Nebula computed from the Maximum likelihood functions of each event depending on the IRFs properties. -In this work, the authors implemented a prototypical data format (GADF) for a small set of MAGIC, VERITAS, FACT, and H.E.S.S. Crab nebula observations, and they analyzed them with the open-source Gammapy software package. By combining data from Fermi-LAT, and from four of the currently operating imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, they produced a joint maximum likelihood fit of the Crab nebula spectrum. - -Such a work has been more recently extended with the HAWC data \citep{2022A&A...667A..36A}, and included neutrino data in a common CTA and KM3NeT source search \citep{unbehaun2023prospects}. +Though there are scientific results based on HE data only, the multi-wavelength and multi-messenger approach is +particularly developed in the HE domain. An astrophysical source of HE radiations is indeed generally radiating +energy in several domains across the electromagnetic spectrum and may be a source of other particles, in particular +neutrino. It is not rare to observe a HE source in radio and to look for counterparts in the infrared, optical or UV +domain and either in X-rays or VHE/UHE band. Spectroscopy is also widely used to identify HE sources. + +The HE domain is thus confronted to different kinds of data types and data archives, which leads to interesting use +cases for the development of the VO. + +One use case is associated to independent analyses of the multi-wavelength and multi-messenger data. HE data are +analyzed to produce DL5/L3 quantities from DL3/L1 stored in the VO. And the multi-wavelength and multi-messenger +DL5/L3 data stored are retrieved into the VO and associated to realise astrophysical interpretations. + +The other growing use case is associated to joint statistical analyses of multi-instrument data at different levels +(DL3/L1 and DL5/L3) by adapted open science analysis tools. + +For both use cases, any type of data should be findable on the VO and retrievable. And the data should have a +standardized open format (OGIP, GADF, VODF). + +Such use case is already in use with small data sets shared by VHE experiments. In +\citep{2019A&A...625A..10N, 2022A&A...667A..36A}, groups of astronomers working on the Gammapy library had successfully +analyzed DL3 data taken on the Crab nebula by different facilities (MAGIC, H.E.S.S., FACT, VERITAS, Fermi-LAT and HAWC). +A real statistical joint analysis has been performed to derive an emitting model of the Crab pulsar wind nebula over more +than five decades in energy. Such analysis type can be now retrieved in the literacy. It can be found also joint analyses +using X-ray and VHE data \citep{giunti2022}. A proof of concept of joint analysis of VHE gamma-ray and VHE neutrino, +using simulated data, has been also published \citep{unbehaun2024}. + +%\todo[inline]{To be completed (e.g. Bruno)} + +% +%\subsection{Examples of multi-wavelength analysis} +% +%\subsubsection{Multiple Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes extraction example} +% +%In order to exploit high energy data across a large interval of energy values, and from various IACTs, there is a need +%to harmonise metadata description. Datasets can then be mixed together to create a fused event-list dataset, to expand +%the analysis along the spectral energy axis and study the spectral behaviour of an astronomical object. +% +%This was proposed in \citep{2019A&A...625A..10N} by a group of HE astronomers of various HE facilities. +%%This work used event-list data products as an input from different facilities (MAGIC, H.E.S.S., FACT, VERITAS, etc...). data for the Crab Nebula computed from the Maximum likelihood functions of each event depending on the IRFs properties. +%In this work, the authors implemented a prototypical data format (GADF) for a small set of MAGIC, VERITAS, FACT, and +%H.E.S.S. Crab nebula observations, and they analyzed them with the open-source Gammapy software package. By combining +%data from Fermi-LAT, and from four of the currently operating imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, they produced a +%joint maximum likelihood fit of the Crab nebula spectrum. +% +%Such a work has been more recently extended with the HAWC data \citep{2022A&A...667A..36A}, and included neutrino data +%in a common CTA and KM3NeT source search \citep{unbehaun2024}. \section{IVOA standards of interest for HE}