PEP: 13 Title: Python Language Governance Author: The Python core team and community Status: Active Type: Process Topic: Governance Content-Type: text/x-rst Created: 16-Dec-2018
This PEP defines the formal governance process for Python, and records how this has changed over time. Currently, governance is based around a steering council. The council has broad authority, which they seek to exercise as rarely as possible.
The current steering council consists of:
- Brett Cannon
- Emily Morehouse
- Gregory P. Smith
- Pablo Galindo Salgado
- Thomas Wouters
Per the results of the vote tracked in PEP 8104.
The core team consists of those listed in the private https://github.com/python/voters/ repository which is publicly shared via https://devguide.python.org/developers/.
The steering council is a 5-person committee.
The steering council shall work to:
- Maintain the quality and stability of the Python language and CPython interpreter,
- Make contributing as accessible, inclusive, and sustainable as possible,
- Formalize and maintain the relationship between the core team and the PSF,
- Establish appropriate decision-making processes for PEPs,
- Seek consensus among contributors and the core team before acting in a formal capacity,
- Act as a "court of final appeal" for decisions where all other methods have failed.
The council has broad authority to make decisions about the project. For example, they can:
- Accept or reject PEPs
- Enforce or update the project's code of conduct
- Work with the PSF to manage any project assets
- Delegate parts of their authority to other subcommittees or processes
However, they cannot modify this PEP, or affect the membership of the core team, except via the mechanisms specified in this PEP.
The council should look for ways to use these powers as little as possible. Instead of voting, it's better to seek consensus. Instead of ruling on individual PEPs, it's better to define a standard process for PEP decision making (for example, by accepting one of the other 801x series of PEPs). It's better to establish a Code of Conduct committee than to rule on individual cases. And so on.
To use its powers, the council votes. Every council member must either vote or explicitly abstain. Members with conflicts of interest on a particular vote must abstain. Passing requires a strict majority of non-abstaining council members.
Whenever possible, the council's deliberations and votes shall be held in public.
A council election consists of two phases:
- Phase 1: Candidates advertise their interest in serving. Candidates must be nominated by a core team member. Self-nominations are allowed.
- Phase 2: Each core team member can vote for zero or more of the candidates. Voting is performed anonymously. Candidates are ranked by the total number of votes they receive. If a tie occurs, it may be resolved by mutual agreement among the candidates, or else the winner will be chosen at random.
Each phase lasts one to two weeks, at the outgoing council's discretion. For the initial election, both phases will last two weeks.
The election process is managed by a returns officer nominated by the outgoing steering council. For the initial election, the returns officer will be nominated by the PSF Executive Director.
The council should ideally reflect the diversity of Python contributors and users, and core team members are encouraged to vote accordingly.
A new council is elected after each feature release. Each council's term runs from when their election results are finalized until the next council's term starts. There are no term limits.
Council members may resign their position at any time.
Whenever there is a vacancy during the regular council term, the council may vote to appoint a replacement to serve out the rest of the term.
If a council member drops out of touch and cannot be contacted for a month or longer, then the rest of the council may vote to replace them.
While we trust council members to act in the best interests of Python rather than themselves or their employers, the mere appearance of any one company dominating Python development could itself be harmful and erode trust. In order to avoid any appearance of conflict of interest, at most 2 members of the council can work for any single employer.
In a council election, if 3 of the top 5 vote-getters work for the same employer, then whichever of them ranked lowest is disqualified and the 6th-ranking candidate moves up into 5th place; this is repeated until a valid council is formed.
During a council term, if changing circumstances cause this rule to be broken (for instance, due to a council member changing employment), then one or more council members must resign to remedy the issue, and the resulting vacancies can then be filled as normal.
In exceptional circumstances, it may be necessary to remove someone from the core team against their will. (For example: egregious and ongoing code of conduct violations.) This can be accomplished by a steering council vote, but unlike other steering council votes, this requires at least a two-thirds majority. With 5 members voting, this means that a 3:2 vote is insufficient; 4:1 in favor is the minimum required for such a vote to succeed. In addition, this is the one power of the steering council which cannot be delegated, and this power cannot be used while a vote of no confidence is in process.
If the ejected core team member is also on the steering council, then they are removed from the steering council as well.
In exceptional circumstances, the core team may remove a sitting council member, or the entire council, via a vote of no confidence.
A no-confidence vote is triggered when a core team member calls for one publicly on an appropriate project communication channel, and another core team member seconds the proposal.
The vote lasts for two weeks. Core team members vote for or against. If at least two thirds of voters express a lack of confidence, then the vote succeeds.
There are two forms of no-confidence votes: those targeting a single member, and those targeting the council as a whole. The initial call for a no-confidence vote must specify which type is intended. If a single-member vote succeeds, then that member is removed from the council and the resulting vacancy can be handled in the usual way. If a whole-council vote succeeds, the council is dissolved and a new council election is triggered immediately.
The core team is the group of trusted volunteers who manage Python. They assume many roles required to achieve the project's goals, especially those that require a high level of trust. They make the decisions that shape the future of the project.
Core team members are expected to act as role models for the community and custodians of the project, on behalf of the community and all those who rely on Python.
They will intervene, where necessary, in online discussions or at official Python events on the rare occasions that a situation arises that requires intervention.
They have authority over the Python Project infrastructure, including the Python Project website itself, the Python GitHub organization and repositories, the bug tracker, the mailing lists, IRC channels, etc.
Core team members may participate in formal votes, typically to nominate new team members and to elect the steering council.
Python core team members demonstrate:
- a good grasp of the philosophy of the Python Project
- a solid track record of being constructive and helpful
- significant contributions to the project's goals, in any form
- willingness to dedicate some time to improving Python
As the project matures, contributions go beyond code. Here's an incomplete list of areas where contributions may be considered for joining the core team, in no particular order:
- Working on community management and outreach
- Providing support on the mailing lists and on IRC
- Triaging tickets
- Writing patches (code, docs, or tests)
- Reviewing patches (code, docs, or tests)
- Participating in design decisions
- Providing expertise in a particular domain (security, i18n, etc.)
- Managing the continuous integration infrastructure
- Managing the servers (website, tracker, documentation, etc.)
- Maintaining related projects (alternative interpreters, core infrastructure like packaging, etc.)
- Creating visual designs
Core team membership acknowledges sustained and valuable efforts that align well with the philosophy and the goals of the Python project.
It is granted by receiving at least two-thirds positive votes in a core team vote that is open for one week and is not vetoed by the steering council.
Core team members are always looking for promising contributors, teaching them how the project is managed, and submitting their names to the core team's vote when they're ready.
There's no time limit on core team membership. However, in order to provide the general public with a reasonable idea of how many people maintain Python, core team members who have stopped contributing are encouraged to declare themselves as "inactive". Those who haven't made any non-trivial contribution in two years may be asked to move themselves to this category, and moved there if they don't respond. To record and honor their contributions, inactive team members will continue to be listed alongside active core team members; and, if they later resume contributing, they can switch back to active status at will. While someone is in inactive status, though, they lose their active privileges like voting or nominating for the steering council, and commit access.
The initial active core team members will consist of everyone currently listed in the "Python core" team on GitHub (access granted for core members only), and the initial inactive members will consist of everyone else who has been a committer in the past.
Changes to this document require at least a two-thirds majority of votes cast in a core team vote which should be open for two weeks.
The Python project was started by Guido van Rossum, who served as its Benevolent Dictator for Life (BDFL) from inception until July 2018, when he stepped down.
After discussion, a number of proposals were put forward for a new governance model, and the core devs voted to choose between them. The overall process is described in PEP 8000 and PEP 8001, a review of other projects was performed in PEP 8002, and the proposals themselves were written up as the 801x series of PEPs. Eventually the proposal in PEP 8016 was selected as the new governance model, and was used to create the initial version of this PEP. The 8000-series PEPs are preserved for historical reference (and in particular, PEP 8016 contains additional rationale and links to contemporary discussions), but this PEP is now the official reference, and will evolve following the rules described herein.
- January 2019: PEP 8100
- December 2019: PEP 8101
- December 2020: PEP 8102
- December 2021: PEP 8103
- December 2022: PEP 8104
2019-04-17: Added the vote length for core devs and changes to this document.
This PEP began as PEP 8016, which was written by Nathaniel J. Smith and Donald Stufft, based on a Django governance document written by Aymeric Augustin, and incorporated feedback and assistance from numerous others.
This document has been placed in the public domain.