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Core go rules

These are the core go rules, required for basic operation. The intent is that theses rules are sufficient to match the capabilities of the normal go tools.

Contents

Design

Defines and stamping

In order to provide build time information to go code without data files, we support the concept of stamping.

Stamping asks the linker to substitute the value of a global variable with a string determined at link time. Stamping only happens when linking a binary, not when compiling a package. This means that changing a value results only in re-linking, not re-compilation and thus does not cause cascading changes.

Link values are set in the x_defs attribute of any Go rule. This is a map of string to string, where keys are the names of variables to substitute, and values are the string to use. Keys may be names of variables in the package being compiled, or they may be fully qualified names of variables in another package.

These mappings are collected up across the entire transitive dependancies of a binary. This means you can set a value using x_defs in a go_library, and any binary that links that library will be stamped with that value. You can also override stamp values from libraries using x_defs on the go_binary rule if needed.

Example

Suppose we have a small library that contains the current version.

package version

var Version = "redacted"

We can set the version in the go_library rule for this library.

go_library(
    name = "go_default_library",
    srcs = ["version.go"],
    importpath = "example.com/repo/version",
    x_defs = {"Version": "0.9"},
)

Binaries that depend on this library may also set this value.

go_binary(
    name = "cmd",
    srcs = ["main.go"],
    deps = ["//version:go_default_library"],
    x_defs = {"example.com/repo/version.Version": "0.9"},
)

Stamping with the workspace status script

You can use values produced by the workspace status command in your link stamp. To use this functionality, write a script that prints key-value pairs, separated by spaces, one per line. For example:

#!/bin/bash

echo STABLE_GIT_COMMIT $(git rev-parse HEAD)

NOTE: keys that start with STABLE_ will trigger a re-link when they change. Other keys will NOT trigger a re-link.

You can reference these in x_defs using curly braces.

go_binary(
    name = "cmd",
    srcs = ["main.go"],
    deps = ["//version:go_default_library"],
    x_defs = {"example.com/repo/version.Version": "{STABLE_GIT_COMMIT}"},
)

You can build using the status script using the --workspace_status_command argument on the command line:

$ bazel build --workspace_status_command=./status.sh //:cmd

Embedding

The sources, dependencies, and data of a go_library may be embedded within another go_library, go_binary, or go_test using the embed attribute. The embedding package will be compiled into a single archive file. The embedded package may still be compiled as a separate target.

A minimal example of embedding is below. In this example, the command bazel build :foo_and_bar will compile foo.go and bar.go into a single archive. bazel build :bar will compile only bar.go. Both libraries must have the same importpath.

go_library(
    name = "foo_and_bar",
    srcs = ["foo.go"],
    embed = [":bar"],
    importpath = "example.com/foo",
)

go_library(
    name = "bar",
    srcs = ["bar.go"],
    imporpath = "example.com/foo",
)

Embedding is most frequently used for tests and binaries. Go supports two different kinds of tests. Internal tests (e.g., package foo) are compiled into the same archive as the library under test and can reference unexported definitions in that library. External tests (e.g., package foo_test) are compiled into separate archives and may depend on exported definitions from the internal test archive.

In order to compile the internal test archive, we embed the go_library under test into a go_test that contains the test sources. The go_test rule can automatically distinguish internal and external test sources, so they can be listed together in srcs. The go_library under test does not contain test sources. Other go_binary and go_library targets can depend on it or embed it.

go_library(
    name = "go_default_library",
    srcs = ["foo.go"],
    importpath = "example.com/foo",
)

go_binary(
    name = "foo",
    embed = [":go_default_library"],
)

go_test(
    name = "go_default_test",
    srcs = [
        "foo_external_test.go",
        "foo_internal_test.go",
    ],
    embed = [":go_default_library"],
)

Embedding may also be used to add extra sources sources to a go_proto_library.

proto_library(
    name = "foo_proto",
    srcs = ["foo.proto"],
)

go_proto_library(
    name = "foo_go_proto",
    importpath = "example.com/foo",
    proto = ":foo_proto",
)

go_library(
    name = "go_default_library",
    srcs = ["extra.go"],
    embed = [":foo_go_proto"],
    importpath = "example.com/foo",
)

API

go_library

This builds a Go library from a set of source files that are all part of the same package.

Providers

Attributes

Name Type Default value
name string mandatory value

A unique name for this rule.

To interoperate cleanly with Gazelle right now this should be go_default_library.
importpath string mandatory value
The source import path of this library. Other libraries can import this library using this path. This must either be specified in go_library or inherited from one of the libraries in embed.
importmap string ""
The actual import path of this library. This is mostly only visible to the compiler and linker, but it may also be seen in stack traces. This may be set to prevent a binary from linking multiple packages with the same import path e.g., from different vendor directories.
srcs label_list None
The list of Go source files that are compiled to create the package. Only .go files are permitted, unless the cgo attribute is set, in which case the following file types are permitted: .go, .c, .s, .S .h. The files may contain Go-style build constraints.
x_defs string_dict {}
Map of defines to add to the go link command. See Defines and stamping for examples of how to use these.
deps label_list None
List of Go libraries this library imports directly. These may be go_library rules or compatible rules with the GoLibrary provider.
embed label_list None
List of Go libraries whose sources should be compiled together with this library's sources. Labels listed here must name go_library, go_proto_library, or other compatible targets with the GoLibrary and GoSource providers. Embedded libraries must have the same importpath as the embedding library. At most one embedded library may have cgo = True, and the embedding library may not also have cgo = True. See Embedding for more information.
data label_list None
The list of files needed by this rule at runtime. Targets named in the data attribute will appear in the *.runfiles area of this rule, if it has one. This may include data files needed by the binary, or other programs needed by it. See data dependencies for more information about how to depend on and use data files.
gc_goopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the Go compilation command when using the gc compiler. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization.
cgo boolean False
If True, the package uses cgo. The cgo tool permits Go code to call C code and vice-versa. This does not support calling C++. When cgo is set, srcs may contain C or assembly files; these files are compiled with the normal c compiler and included in the package.
cdeps label_list None
The list of other libraries that the c code depends on. This can be anything that would be allowed in cc library deps Only valid if cgo = True.
copts string_list []
List of flags to add to the C compilation command. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization. Only valid if cgo = True.
cxxopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the C++ compilation command. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization. Only valid if cgo = True.
cppopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the C/C++ preprocessor command. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization. Only valid if cgo = True.
clinkopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the C link command. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization. Only valid if cgo = True.

Example

go_library(
    name = "go_default_library",
    srcs = [
        "foo.go",
        "bar.go",
    ],
    deps = [
        "//tools:go_default_library",
        "@org_golang_x_utils//stuff:go_default_library",
    ],
    importpath = "github.com/example/project/foo",
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
)

go_tool_library

This builds a Go library from a set of source files that are all part of the same package.

This rule is a limited variant of go_library which may be used to bootstrap tools used by rules_go. This avoids a circular dependency. If you are building analyzers to be linked into a nogo binary, you'll need to use go_tool_library since go_library depends on nogo implicitly.

Providers

Attributes

Name Type Default value
name string mandatory value
A unique name for this rule.
srcs label_list None
The list of Go source files that are compiled to create the package. Only .go files are permitted. Cgo, assembly, and build constraints are not supported.
deps label_list None
List of Go libraries this library imports directly. These must be go_tool_library targets to avoid circular dependencies.
embed label_list None
List of Go libraries whose sources should be compiled together with this library's sources. Labels listed here must name go_tool_library targets. Embedded libraries must have the same importpath as the embedding library. See Embedding for more information.
data label_list None
The list of files needed by this rule at runtime. Targets named in the data attribute will appear in the *.runfiles area of this rule, if it has one. This may include data files needed by the binary, or other programs needed by it. See data dependencies for more information about how to depend on and use data files.

Example

go_tool_library(
    name = "importunsafe",
    srcs = ["importunsafe.go"],
    importpath = "importunsafe",
    deps = ["@org_golang_x_tools//go/analysis:go_tool_library"],
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
)

go_binary

This builds an executable from a set of source files, which must all be in the main package. You can run the binary with bazel run, or you can build it with bazel build and run it directly.

Providers

Attributes

Name Type Default value
name string mandatory value

A unique name for this rule.

This should be named the same as the desired name of the generated binary .
srcs label_list None
The list of Go source files that are compiled to create the binary. Only .go files are permitted, unless the cgo attribute is set, in which case the following file types are permitted: .go, .c, .s, .S .h. The files may contain Go-style build constraints.
deps label_list None
List of Go libraries this binary imports directly. These may be go_library rules or compatible rules with the GoLibrary provider.
embed label_list None
List of Go libraries whose sources should be compiled together with this binary's sources. Labels listed here must name go_library, go_proto_library, or other compatible targets with the GoLibrary and GoSource providers. Embedded libraries must all have the same importpath, which must match the importpath for this go_binary if one is specified. At most one embedded library may have cgo = True, and the embedding binary may not also have cgo = True. See Embedding for more information.
data label_list None
The list of files needed by this rule at runtime. Targets named in the data attribute will appear in the *.runfiles area of this rule, if it has one. This may include data files needed by the binary, or other programs needed by it. See data dependencies for more information about how to depend on and use data files.
importpath string ""
The import path of this binary. Binaries can't actually be imported, but this may be used by go_path and other tools to report the location of source files. This may be inferred from embedded libraries.
pure string auto
This is one of the mode attributes that controls whether to link in pure mode. It should be one of on, off or auto.
static string auto
This is one of the mode attributes that controls whether to link in static mode. It should be one of on, off or auto.
race string auto
This is one of the mode attributes that controls whether to instrument code for data race detection. It may be on, off, or auto. In most cases, it's better to enable race detection globally with --features=race on the command line.
msan string auto
This is one of the mode attributes that controls whether to instrument code for memory santization. It may be on, off, or auto. In most cases, it's better to enable memory sanitization globally with --features=msan on the command line.
goos string auto

This is one of the mode attributes that controls which goos to compile and link for.

If set to anything other than auto this overrides the default as set by the current target platform and allows for single builds to make binaries for multiple architectures.

Because this has no control over the cc toolchain, it does not work for cgo, so if this attribute is set then pure must be set to on.

This attribute has several limitations and should only be used in situations where the --platforms flag does not work. See Cross compilation and Note on goos and goarch attributes for more information.
goarch string auto

This is one of the mode attributes that controls which goarch to compile and link for.

If set to anything other than auto this overrides the default as set by the current target platform and allows for single builds to make binaries for multiple architectures.

Because this has no control over the cc toolchain, it does not work for cgo, so if this attribute is set then pure must be set to on.

This attribute has several limitations and should only be used in situations where the --platforms flag does not work. See Cross compilation and Note on goos and goarch attributes for more information.
gc_goopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the Go compilation command when using the gc compiler. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization.
gc_linkopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the Go link command when using the gc compiler. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization.
x_defs string_dict {}
Map of defines to add to the go link command. See Defines and stamping for examples of how to use these.
cgo boolean False
If True, the binary uses cgo. The cgo tool permits Go code to call C code and vice-versa. This does not support calling C++. When cgo is set, srcs may contain C or assembly files; these files are compiled with the normal c compiler and included in the package.
cdeps label_list None
The list of other libraries that the c code depends on. This can be anything that would be allowed in cc library deps Only valid if cgo = True.
copts string_list []
List of flags to add to the C compilation command. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization. Only valid if cgo = True.
cxxopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the C++ compilation command. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization. Only valid if cgo = True.
cppopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the C/C++ preprocessor command. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization. Only valid if cgo = True.
clinkopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the C link command. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization. Only valid if cgo = True.
linkmode string "normal"

Determines how the binary should be built and linked. This accepts some of the same values as go build -buildmode and works the same way.

normal
Builds a normal executable with position-dependent code.
pie
Builds a position-independent executable.
plugin
Builds a shared library that can be loaded as a Go plugin. Only supported on platforms that support plugins.
c-shared
Builds a shared library that can be linked into a C program.
c-archive
Builds an archive that can be linked into a C program.
out string ""
Sets the output filename for the generated executable. When set, go_binary will write this file without mode-specific directory prefixes, without linkmode-specific prefixes like "lib", and without platform-specific suffixes like ".exe". Note that without a mode-specific directory prefix, the output file (but not its dependencies) will be invalidated in Bazel's cache when changing configurations.

go_test

This builds a set of tests that can be run with bazel test.

To run all tests in the workspace, and print output on failure (the equivalent of go test ./...), run

bazel test --test_output=errors //...

To run a Go benchmark test, run

bazel run //path/to:test -- -test.bench=.

You can run specific tests by passing the --test_filter=pattern argument to Bazel. You can pass arguments to tests by passing --test_arg=arg arguments to Bazel.

Attributes

Name Type Default value
name string mandatory value

A unique name for this rule.

To interoperate cleanly with Gazelle right now this should be go_default_test for internal tests and go_default_xtest for external tests.
importpath string ""
The import path of this test. Tests can't actually be imported, but this may be used by go_path and other tools to report the location of source files. This may be inferred from embedded libraries.
srcs label_list None
The list of Go source files that are compiled to create the test. Only .go files are permitted, unless the cgo attribute is set, in which case the following file types are permitted: .go, .c, .s, .S .h. The files may contain Go-style build constraints.
deps label_list None
List of Go libraries this test imports directly. These may be go_library rules or compatible rules with the GoLibrary provider.
embed label_list None
List of Go libraries whose sources should be compiled together with this test's sources. Labels listed here must name go_library, go_proto_library, or other compatible targets with the GoLibrary and GoSource providers. Embedded libraries must have the same importpath as the embedding test, if one is specified. At most one embedded library may have cgo = True, and the embedding test may not also have cgo = True. See Embedding for more information.
data label_list None
The list of files needed by this rule at runtime. Targets named in the data attribute will appear in the *.runfiles area of this rule, if it has one. This may include data files needed by the binary, or other programs needed by it. See data dependencies for more information about how to depend on and use data files.
importpath string ""
The import path of this test. Tests can't actually be imported, but this may be used by go_path and other tools to report the location of source files. This may be inferred from embedded libraries.
pure string auto
This is one of the mode attributes that controls whether to link in pure mode. It should be one of on, off or auto.
static string auto
This is one of the mode attributes that controls whether to link in static mode. It should be one of on, off or auto.
race string auto
This is one of the mode attributes that controls whether to instrument code for data race detection. It may be on, off, or auto. In most cases, it's better to enable race detection globally with --features=race on the command line.
msan string auto
This is one of the mode attributes that controls whether to instrument code for memory santization. It may be on, off, or auto. In most cases, it's better to enable memory sanitization globally with --features=msan on the command line.
goos string auto

This is one of the mode attributes that controls which goos to compile and link for.

If set to anything other than auto this overrides the default as set by the current target platform and allows for single builds to make binaries for multiple architectures.

Because this has no control over the cc toolchain, it does not work for cgo, so if this attribute is set then pure must be set to on.

This attribute has several limitations and should only be used in situations where the --platforms flag does not work. See Cross compilation and Note on goos and goarch attributes for more information.
goarch string auto

This is one of the mode attributes that controls which goarch to compile and link for.

If set to anything other than auto this overrides the default as set by the current target platform and allows for single builds to make binaries for multiple architectures.

Because this has no control over the cc toolchain, it does not work for cgo, so if this attribute is set then pure must be set to on.

This attribute has several limitations and should only be used in situations where the --platforms flag does not work. See Cross compilation and Note on goos and goarch attributes for more information.
gc_goopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the Go compilation command when using the gc compiler. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization.
gc_linkopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the Go link command when using the gc compiler. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization.
x_defs string_dict {}
Map of defines to add to the go link command. See Defines and stamping for examples of how to use these.
cgo boolean False
If True, the binary uses cgo. The cgo tool permits Go code to call C code and vice-versa. This does not support calling C++. When cgo is set, srcs may contain C or assembly files; these files are compiled with the normal c compiler and included in the package.
cdeps label_list None
The list of other libraries that the c code depends on. This can be anything that would be allowed in cc library deps Only valid if cgo = True.
copts string_list []
List of flags to add to the C compilation command. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization. Only valid if cgo = True.
cxxopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the C++ compilation command. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization. Only valid if cgo = True.
cppopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the C/C++ preprocessor command. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization. Only valid if cgo = True.
clinkopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the C link command. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization. Only valid if cgo = True.
rundir string The package path

A directory to cd to before the test is run. This should be a path relative to the execution dir of the test.

The default behaviour is to change to the workspace relative path, this replicates the normal behaviour of go test so it is easy to write compatible tests.

Setting it to . makes the test behave the normal way for a bazel test.
shard_count integer None

Non-negative integer less than or equal to 50, optional.

Specifies the number of parallel shards to run the test. Test methods will be split across the shards in a round-robin fashion.

For more details on this attribute, consult the official Bazel documentation for shard_count.

To write an internal test, reference the library being tested with the embed instead of deps. This will compile the test sources into the same package as the library sources.

Internal test example

This builds a test that can use the internal interface of the package being tested.

In the normal go toolchain this would be the kind of tests formed by adding writing <file>_test.go files in the same package.

It references the library being tested with embed.

go_library(
    name = "go_default_library",
    srcs = ["lib.go"],
)

go_test(
    name = "go_default_test",
    srcs = ["lib_test.go"],
    embed = [":go_default_library"],
)

External test example

This builds a test that can only use the public interface(s) of the packages being tested.

In the normal go toolchain this would be the kind of tests formed by adding an <name>_test package.

It references the library(s) being tested with deps.

go_library(
    name = "go_default_library",
    srcs = ["lib.go"],
)

go_test(
    name = "go_default_xtest",
    srcs = ["lib_x_test.go"],
    deps = [":go_default_library"],
)

go_source

This declares a set of source files and related dependencies that can be embedded into one of the other rules. This is used as a way of easily declaring a common set of sources re-used in multiple rules.

Providers

Attributes

Name Type Default value
name string mandatory value
A unique name for this rule.
srcs label_list None
The list of Go source files that are compiled to create the package. The following file types are permitted: .go, .c, .s, .S .h. The files may contain Go-style build constraints.
deps label_list None
List of Go libraries this source list imports directly. These may be go_library rules or compatible rules with the GoLibrary provider.
embed label_list None
List of sources to directly embed in this list. These may be go_library rules or compatible rules with the GoSource provider. These can provide both srcs and deps to this library. See Embedding for more information about how and when to use this.
data label_list None
The list of files needed by this rule at runtime. Targets named in the data attribute will appear in the *.runfiles area of this rule, if it has one. This may include data files needed by the binary, or other programs needed by it. See data dependencies for more information about how to depend on and use data files.
gc_goopts string_list []
List of flags to add to the Go compilation command when using the gc compiler. Subject to "Make variable" substitution and Bourne shell tokenization.

go_path

go_path builds a directory structure that can be used with tools that understand the GOPATH directory layout. This directory structure can be built by zipping, copying, or linking files.

go_path can depend on one or more Go targets (i.e., go_library, go_binary, or go_test). It will include packages from those targets, as well as their transitive dependencies. Packages will be in subdirectories named after their importpath or importmap attributes under a src/ directory.

Attributes

Name Type Default value
name string mandatory value
A unique name for this rule.
deps label_list []

A list of targets that build Go packages. A directory will be generated from files in these targets and their transitive dependencies. All targets must provide GoArchive (go_library, go_binary, go_test, and similar rules have this).

Only targets with explicit importpath attributes will be included in the generated directory. Synthetic packages (like the main package produced by go_test) and packages with inferred import paths will not be included. The values of importmap attributes may influence the placement of packages within the generated directory (for example, in vendor directories).

The generated directory will contain original source files, including .go, .s, .h, and .c files compiled by cgo. It will not contain files generated by tools like cover and cgo, but it will contain generated files passed in srcs attributes like .pb.go files. The generated directory will also contain runfiles found in data attributes.
data label_list []
A list of targets producing data files that will be stored next to the src/ directory. Useful for including things like licenses and readmes.
mode string "copy"

Determines how the generated directory is provided. May be one of:

  • "archive": The generated directory is packaged as a single .zip file.
  • "copy": The generated directory is a single tree artifact. Source files are copied into the tree.
  • "link": Source files are symlinked into the tree. All of the symlink files are provided as separate output files.

NOTE: In "copy" mode, when a GoPath is consumed as a set of input files or run files, Bazel may provide symbolic links instead of regular files. Any program that consumes these files should dereference links, e.g., if you run tar, use the --dereference flag.
include_data bool True
When true, data files referenced by libraries, binaries, and tests will be included in the output directory. Files listed in the data attribute for this rule will be included regardless of this attribute.

go_rule

This is a wrapper around the normal rule function. It modifies the attrs and toolchains attributes to make sure everything needed to build a go_context is present.

Cross compilation

rules_go can cross-compile Go projects to any platform the Go toolchain supports. The simplest way to do this is by setting the --platforms flag on the command line.

$ bazel build --platforms=@io_bazel_rules_go//go/toolchain:linux_amd64 //my/project

You can replace linux_amd64 in the example above with any valid GOOS / GOARCH pair. To list all platforms, run this command:

$ bazel query 'kind(platform, @io_bazel_rules_go//go/toolchain:all)'

By default, cross-compilation will cause Go targets to be built in "pure mode", which disables cgo; cgo files will not be compiled, and C/C++ dependencies will not be compiled or linked.

Cross-compiling cgo code is possible, but not fully supported. You will need to write a CROSSTOOL file that describes your C/C++ toolchain. You'll need to ensure it works by building cc_binary and cc_library targets with the --cpu command line flag set. Then, to build a mixed Go / C / C++ project, add pure = "off" to your go_binary target and run Bazel with --cpu and --platforms.

Platform-specific dependencies

When cross-compiling, you may have some platform-specific sources and dependencies. Source files from all platforms can be mixed freely in a single srcs list. Source files are filtered using build constraints (filename suffixes and +build tags) before being passed to the compiler.

Platform-specific dependencies are another story. For example, if you are building a binary for Linux, and it has dependency that should only be built when targeting Windows, you will need to filter it out using Bazel select expressions:

go_binary(
    name = "cmd",
    srcs = [
        "foo_linux.go",
        "foo_windows.go",
    ],
    deps = [
        # platform agnostic dependencies
        "//bar:go_default_library",
    ] + select({
        # OS-specific dependencies
        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:linux": [
            "//baz_linux:go_default_library",
        ],
        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:windows": [
            "//quux_windows:go_default_library",
        ],
        "//conditions:default": [],
    }),
)

select accepts a dictionary argument. The keys are labels that reference config_setting rules. The values are lists of labels. Exactly one of these lists will be selected, depending on the target configuration. rules_go has pre-declared config_setting rules for each OS, architecture, and OS-architecture pair. For a full list, run this command:

$ bazel query 'kind(config_setting, @io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:all)'

Gazelle will generate dependencies in this format automatically.

Note on goos and goarch attributes

It is possible to cross-compile go_binary and go_test targets by setting the goos and goarch attributes to the target platform. These attributes were added for projects that cross-compile binaries for multiple platforms in the same build, then package the resulting executables.

Bazel does not have a native understanding of the goos and goarch attributes, so values do not affect select expressions. This means if you use these attributes with a target that has any transitive platform-specific dependencies, select may choose the wrong set of dependencies. Consequently, if you use goos or goarch attributes, you will not be able to safely generate build files with Gazelle or go_repository.

Additionally, setting goos and goarch will not automatically disable cgo. You should almost always set pure = "on" together with these attributes.

Because of these limitations, it's almost always better to cross-compile by setting --platforms on the command line instead.