diff --git a/integration_tests/__tests__/__snapshots__/module_name_mapper.test.js.snap b/integration_tests/__tests__/__snapshots__/module_name_mapper.test.js.snap
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d6895f2ed461
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/__tests__/__snapshots__/module_name_mapper.test.js.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
+
+exports[`moduleNameMapper correct configuration 1`] = `
+" PASS  __tests__/index.js
+  ✓ moduleNameMapping correct configuration
+
+"
+`;
+
+exports[`moduleNameMapper wrong configuration 1`] = `
+" FAIL  __tests__/index.js
+  ● Test suite failed to run
+
+    Configuration error:
+    
+    Unknown module in configuration option moduleNameMapper
+    Please check:
+    
+    \\"moduleNameMapper\\": {
+      \\"/\\\\.(css|less)$/\\": \\"no-such-module\\"
+    }
+
+"
+`;
diff --git a/integration_tests/__tests__/module_name_mapper.test.js b/integration_tests/__tests__/module_name_mapper.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9338e10fa35a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/__tests__/module_name_mapper.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
+ * of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
+ */
+'use strict';
+
+const runJest = require('../runJest');
+const {extractSummary} = require('../utils');
+const skipOnWindows = require('skipOnWindows');
+
+// Works on windows, we just need to adjust snapshot test output
+skipOnWindows.suite();
+
+test('moduleNameMapper wrong configuration', () => {
+  const {stderr, status} = runJest('module_name_mapper_wrong_config');
+  const {rest} = extractSummary(stderr);
+
+  expect(status).toBe(1);
+  expect(rest).toMatchSnapshot();
+});
+
+test('moduleNameMapper correct configuration', () => {
+  const {stderr, status} = runJest('module_name_mapper_correct_config');
+  const {rest} = extractSummary(stderr);
+
+  expect(status).toBe(0);
+  expect(rest).toMatchSnapshot();
+});
diff --git a/integration_tests/auto-clear-mocks/without-auto-clear/index.js b/integration_tests/auto-clear-mocks/without-auto-clear/index.js
index caf03bcf32d8..1fb2500df77f 100644
--- a/integration_tests/auto-clear-mocks/without-auto-clear/index.js
+++ b/integration_tests/auto-clear-mocks/without-auto-clear/index.js
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
  * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
  * of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
  *
- * @flow
  */
 
 module.exports = () => {};
diff --git a/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_correct_config/__mocks__/style_mock.js b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_correct_config/__mocks__/style_mock.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..de50a547e3de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_correct_config/__mocks__/style_mock.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
+ * of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = {};
diff --git a/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_correct_config/__tests__/index.js b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_correct_config/__tests__/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b0f43f7eca11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_correct_config/__tests__/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
+ * of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const importedFn = require('../');
+
+test('moduleNameMapping correct configuration', () => {
+  expect(importedFn).toBeDefined();
+});
diff --git a/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_correct_config/index.js b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_correct_config/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c48c62617105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_correct_config/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
+ * of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+require('./style.css');
+
+module.exports = () => 'test';
diff --git a/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_correct_config/package.json b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_correct_config/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..52a664c7c235
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_correct_config/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "jest": {
+    "moduleNameMapper": {
+      "\\.(css|less)$": "./__mocks__/style_mock.js"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_correct_config/style.css b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_correct_config/style.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e69de29bb2d1
diff --git a/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_wrong_config/__tests__/index.js b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_wrong_config/__tests__/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..332d28be3043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_wrong_config/__tests__/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
+ * of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const importedFn = require('../');
+
+test('moduleNameMapping wrong configuration', () => {
+  expect(importedFn).toBeDefined();
+});
diff --git a/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_wrong_config/index.js b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_wrong_config/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c48c62617105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_wrong_config/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
+ * of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+require('./style.css');
+
+module.exports = () => 'test';
diff --git a/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_wrong_config/package.json b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_wrong_config/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..59634293724b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_wrong_config/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "jest": {
+    "moduleNameMapper": {
+      "\\.(css|less)$": "no-such-module"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_wrong_config/style.css b/integration_tests/module_name_mapper_wrong_config/style.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e69de29bb2d1
diff --git a/packages/jest-resolve/package.json b/packages/jest-resolve/package.json
index 265e53bd4665..03d24c27bc03 100644
--- a/packages/jest-resolve/package.json
+++ b/packages/jest-resolve/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
   "main": "build/index.js",
   "dependencies": {
     "browser-resolve": "^1.11.2",
+    "chalk": "^1.1.3",
     "is-builtin-module": "^1.0.0",
     "resolve": "^1.3.2"
   },
diff --git a/packages/jest-resolve/src/index.js b/packages/jest-resolve/src/index.js
index 0feb1008698d..6b4eade2c8e5 100644
--- a/packages/jest-resolve/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/jest-resolve/src/index.js
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import path from 'path';
 import nodeModulesPaths from 'resolve/lib/node-modules-paths';
 import isBuiltinModule from 'is-builtin-module';
 import defaultResolver from './default_resolver.js';
+import chalk from 'chalk';
 
 type ResolverConfig = {|
   browser?: boolean,
@@ -317,8 +318,8 @@ class Resolver {
     const paths = this._options.modulePaths;
     const extensions = this._options.extensions;
     const moduleDirectory = this._options.moduleDirectories;
-
     const moduleNameMapper = this._options.moduleNameMapper;
+
     if (moduleNameMapper) {
       for (const {moduleName: mappedModuleName, regex} of moduleNameMapper) {
         if (regex.test(moduleName)) {
@@ -331,7 +332,8 @@ class Resolver {
               (_, index) => matches[parseInt(index, 10)],
             );
           }
-          return (
+
+          const module =
             this.getModule(moduleName) ||
             Resolver.findNodeModule(moduleName, {
               basedir: dirname,
@@ -339,8 +341,22 @@ class Resolver {
               extensions,
               moduleDirectory,
               paths,
-            })
-          );
+            });
+          if (!module) {
+            const error = new Error(
+              chalk.red(`${chalk.bold('Configuration error')}:
+
+Unknown module in configuration option ${chalk.bold('moduleNameMapper')}
+Please check:
+
+"moduleNameMapper": {
+  "${regex.toString()}": "${chalk.bold(moduleName)}"
+}`),
+            );
+            error.stack = '';
+            throw error;
+          }
+          return module;
         }
       }
     }