diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 61244390d64b..52de836d914e 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 * `[jest-util]` Fix `runOnlyPendingTimers` for `setTimeout` inside `setImmediate` ([#4608](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/4608))
 
 ### Features
+* `[jest-environment-*]` [**BREAKING**] Add Async Test Environment APIs, dispose is now teardown ([#4506](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/4506))
 * `[jest-cli]` Add an option to clear the cache ([#4430](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/4430))
 * `[babel-plugin-jest-hoist]` Improve error message, that the second argument of `jest.mock` must be an inline function ([#4593](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/4593))
 * `[jest-snapshot]` [**BREAKING**] Concatenate name of test and snapshot ([#4460](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/4460))
diff --git a/integration_tests/__tests__/test_environment_async.test.js b/integration_tests/__tests__/test_environment_async.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7e3ddd921787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/__tests__/test_environment_async.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ *
+ * @flow
+ */
+'use strict';
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const os = require('os');
+const runJest = require('../runJest');
+const {cleanup} = require('../utils');
+
+const DIR = os.tmpdir() + '/jest';
+
+beforeEach(() => cleanup(DIR));
+afterAll(() => cleanup(DIR));
+
+it('triggers setup/teardown hooks', () => {
+  const result = runJest('test-environment-async');
+  expect(result.status).toBe(0);
+  const teardown = fs.readFileSync(DIR + '/teardown', 'utf8');
+  expect(teardown).toBe('teardown');
+});
diff --git a/integration_tests/test-environment-async/__tests__/custom.test.js b/integration_tests/test-environment-async/__tests__/custom.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2632c0350617
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/test-environment-async/__tests__/custom.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. 
+ *
+ */
+'use strict';
+/* eslint-env browser*/
+
+test('setup', () => {
+  expect(global.setup).toBe('setup');
+});
diff --git a/integration_tests/test-environment-async/package.json b/integration_tests/test-environment-async/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a346d75a230a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/test-environment-async/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "jest": {
+    "testEnvironment": "./test-environment.js"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/test-environment-async/test-environment.js b/integration_tests/test-environment-async/test-environment.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a650d8436da7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/test-environment-async/test-environment.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const os = require('os');
+const mkdirp = require('mkdirp');
+const JSDOMEnvironment = require('jest-environment-jsdom');
+
+const DIR = os.tmpdir() + '/jest';
+
+class TestEnvironment extends JSDOMEnvironment {
+  constructor(config) {
+    super(config);
+  }
+
+  setup() {
+    return super.setup().then(() => {
+      this.global.setup = 'setup';
+    });
+  }
+
+  teardown() {
+    return super.teardown().then(() => {
+      mkdirp.sync(DIR);
+      fs.writeFileSync(DIR + '/teardown', 'teardown');
+    });
+  }
+
+  runScript(script) {
+    return super.runScript(script);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = TestEnvironment;
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index f377d947bc7e..0924215648d2 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
     "react-test-renderer": "15.4.2",
     "regenerator-runtime": "^0.11.0",
     "resolve": "^1.4.0",
-    "rimraf": "^2.5.4",
+    "rimraf": "^2.6.2",
     "rollup": "^0.50.0",
     "rollup-plugin-babel": "^3.0.2",
     "rollup-plugin-commonjs": "^8.2.1",
diff --git a/packages/jest-environment-jsdom/src/index.js b/packages/jest-environment-jsdom/src/index.js
index 05ae31ec7a2b..23a2a832d406 100644
--- a/packages/jest-environment-jsdom/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/jest-environment-jsdom/src/index.js
@@ -58,7 +58,11 @@ class JSDOMEnvironment {
     });
   }
 
-  dispose(): void {
+  setup(): Promise<void> {
+    return Promise.resolve();
+  }
+
+  teardown(): Promise<void> {
     if (this.fakeTimers) {
       this.fakeTimers.dispose();
     }
@@ -68,6 +72,7 @@ class JSDOMEnvironment {
     this.global = null;
     this.document = null;
     this.fakeTimers = null;
+    return Promise.resolve();
   }
 
   runScript(script: Script): ?any {
diff --git a/packages/jest-environment-node/src/index.js b/packages/jest-environment-node/src/index.js
index fe29d8044b0a..f74637905e48 100644
--- a/packages/jest-environment-node/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/jest-environment-node/src/index.js
@@ -65,12 +65,17 @@ class NodeEnvironment {
     });
   }
 
-  dispose() {
+  setup(): Promise<void> {
+    return Promise.resolve();
+  }
+
+  teardown(): Promise<void> {
     if (this.fakeTimers) {
       this.fakeTimers.dispose();
     }
     this.context = null;
     this.fakeTimers = null;
+    return Promise.resolve();
   }
 
   // Disabling rule as return type depends on script's return type.
diff --git a/packages/jest-runner/src/run_test.js b/packages/jest-runner/src/run_test.js
index eb0a50fcd7fe..7f5a714b68f8 100644
--- a/packages/jest-runner/src/run_test.js
+++ b/packages/jest-runner/src/run_test.js
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import * as docblock from 'jest-docblock';
 // and required implicitly through the `testRunner` ProjectConfig option.
 jasmine2;
 
-export default function runTest(
+export default (async function runTest(
   path: Path,
   globalConfig: GlobalConfig,
   config: ProjectConfig,
@@ -95,39 +95,33 @@ export default function runTest(
     mapCoverage: globalConfig.mapCoverage,
   });
   const start = Date.now();
-  return testFramework(globalConfig, config, environment, runtime, path)
-    .then((result: TestResult) => {
-      const testCount =
-        result.numPassingTests +
-        result.numFailingTests +
-        result.numPendingTests;
-      result.perfStats = {end: Date.now(), start};
-      result.testFilePath = path;
-      result.coverage = runtime.getAllCoverageInfo();
-      result.sourceMaps = runtime.getSourceMapInfo();
-      result.console = testConsole.getBuffer();
-      result.skipped = testCount === result.numPendingTests;
-      result.displayName = config.displayName;
-      return result;
-    })
-    .then(
-      result =>
-        Promise.resolve().then(() => {
-          environment.dispose();
-          if (globalConfig.logHeapUsage) {
-            if (global.gc) {
-              global.gc();
-            }
-            result.memoryUsage = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;
-          }
-
-          // Delay the resolution to allow log messages to be output.
-          return new Promise(resolve => setImmediate(() => resolve(result)));
-        }),
-      err =>
-        Promise.resolve().then(() => {
-          environment.dispose();
-          throw err;
-        }),
+  await environment.setup();
+  try {
+    const result: TestResult = await testFramework(
+      globalConfig,
+      config,
+      environment,
+      runtime,
+      path,
     );
-}
+    const testCount =
+      result.numPassingTests + result.numFailingTests + result.numPendingTests;
+    result.perfStats = {end: Date.now(), start};
+    result.testFilePath = path;
+    result.coverage = runtime.getAllCoverageInfo();
+    result.sourceMaps = runtime.getSourceMapInfo();
+    result.console = testConsole.getBuffer();
+    result.skipped = testCount === result.numPendingTests;
+    result.displayName = config.displayName;
+    if (globalConfig.logHeapUsage) {
+      if (global.gc) {
+        global.gc();
+      }
+      result.memoryUsage = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;
+    }
+    // Delay the resolution to allow log messages to be output.
+    return new Promise(resolve => setImmediate(() => resolve(result)));
+  } finally {
+    await environment.teardown();
+  }
+});
diff --git a/types/Environment.js b/types/Environment.js
index 19507e993638..ccba7eeafe22 100644
--- a/types/Environment.js
+++ b/types/Environment.js
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import type {ModuleMocker} from 'jest-mock';
 
 declare class $JestEnvironment {
   constructor(config: ProjectConfig): void,
-  dispose(): void,
   runScript(script: Script): any,
   global: Global,
   fakeTimers: {
@@ -30,6 +29,8 @@ declare class $JestEnvironment {
   },
   testFilePath: string,
   moduleMocker: ModuleMocker,
+  setup(): Promise<void>,
+  teardown(): Promise<void>,
 }
 
 export type Environment = $JestEnvironment;
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index d9c7d86c9d12..0e6ed826f959 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -1868,7 +1868,7 @@ debug@2.6.8, debug@^2.2.0, debug@^2.6.3, debug@^2.6.8:
   dependencies:
     ms "2.0.0"
 
-debug@^3.0.1, debug@3.1.0:
+debug@3.1.0, debug@^3.0.1:
   version "3.1.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/debug/-/debug-3.1.0.tgz#5bb5a0672628b64149566ba16819e61518c67261"
   dependencies:
@@ -5103,9 +5103,9 @@ right-align@^0.1.1:
   dependencies:
     align-text "^0.1.1"
 
-rimraf@2, rimraf@^2.2.8, rimraf@^2.5.1, rimraf@^2.5.4, rimraf@^2.6.0, rimraf@^2.6.1:
-  version "2.6.1"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/rimraf/-/rimraf-2.6.1.tgz#c2338ec643df7a1b7fe5c54fa86f57428a55f33d"
+rimraf@2, rimraf@^2.2.8, rimraf@^2.5.1, rimraf@^2.5.4, rimraf@^2.6.0, rimraf@^2.6.1, rimraf@^2.6.2:
+  version "2.6.2"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/rimraf/-/rimraf-2.6.2.tgz#2ed8150d24a16ea8651e6d6ef0f47c4158ce7a36"
   dependencies:
     glob "^7.0.5"