diff --git a/jetty-core/jetty-http3/jetty-http3-tests/pom.xml b/jetty-core/jetty-http3/jetty-http3-tests/pom.xml
index abbdc3f0235d..be19d51d3f3e 100644
--- a/jetty-core/jetty-http3/jetty-http3-tests/pom.xml
+++ b/jetty-core/jetty-http3/jetty-http3-tests/pom.xml
@@ -66,4 +66,25 @@
     </dependency>
   </dependencies>
 
+  <profiles>
+    <profile>
+      <id>enable-foreign</id>
+      <activation>
+        <jdk>[22,)</jdk>
+      </activation>
+      <build>
+        <plugins>
+          <plugin>
+            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+            <configuration>
+              <argLine>@{argLine}
+                ${jetty.surefire.argLine}
+                --enable-native-access=ALL-UNNAMED</argLine>
+            </configuration>
+          </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+      </build>
+    </profile>
+  </profiles>
+
 </project>
diff --git a/jetty-core/jetty-http3/jetty-http3-tests/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http3/tests/ClientServerTest.java b/jetty-core/jetty-http3/jetty-http3-tests/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http3/tests/ClientServerTest.java
index 7e0b11832a20..3490b1b67ba7 100644
--- a/jetty-core/jetty-http3/jetty-http3-tests/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http3/tests/ClientServerTest.java
+++ b/jetty-core/jetty-http3/jetty-http3-tests/src/test/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http3/tests/ClientServerTest.java
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http3.server.AbstractHTTP3ServerConnectionFactory;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.http3.server.internal.HTTP3SessionServer;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.quic.client.ClientQuicSession;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.quic.common.QuicErrorCode;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.quic.common.QuicSession;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@@ -640,4 +641,24 @@ public void onResponse(Stream.Client stream, HeadersFrame frame)
 
         assertTrue(responseLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMissingNeededClientCertificateDeniesConnection() throws Exception
+    {
+        start(new Session.Server.Listener() {});
+        connector.getQuicConfiguration().getSslContextFactory().setNeedClientAuth(true);
+
+        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        newSession(new Session.Client.Listener()
+        {
+            @Override
+            public void onDisconnect(Session session, long error, String reason)
+            {
+                assertEquals(QuicErrorCode.CONNECTION_REFUSED.code(), error);
+                assertEquals("missing_client_certificate_chain", reason);
+                latch.countDown();
+            }
+        });
+        assertTrue(latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-client/pom.xml b/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-client/pom.xml
index 539da0b1cfa9..f05e727eba7c 100644
--- a/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-client/pom.xml
+++ b/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-client/pom.xml
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
             <configuration>
               <argLine>@{argLine}
                 ${jetty.surefire.argLine}
-                --enable-native-access org.eclipse.jetty.quic.quiche.foreign</argLine>
+                --enable-native-access=ALL-UNNAMED</argLine>
             </configuration>
           </plugin>
         </plugins>
diff --git a/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-client/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/client/ClientQuicSession.java b/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-client/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/client/ClientQuicSession.java
index 28248924767c..3d87cc0babef 100644
--- a/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-client/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/client/ClientQuicSession.java
+++ b/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-client/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/client/ClientQuicSession.java
@@ -74,6 +74,12 @@ protected ProtocolSession createProtocolSession()
         return new ClientProtocolSession(this);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    protected boolean validateNewlyEstablishedConnection()
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Connection newConnection(QuicStreamEndPoint endPoint)
     {
diff --git a/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-common/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/common/QuicSession.java b/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-common/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/common/QuicSession.java
index 75ee111e659a..b6a54be7346c 100644
--- a/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-common/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/common/QuicSession.java
+++ b/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-common/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/common/QuicSession.java
@@ -319,6 +319,9 @@ public Runnable process(SocketAddress remoteAddress, ByteBuffer cipherBufferIn)
             ProtocolSession protocol = protocolSession;
             if (protocol == null)
             {
+                if (!validateNewlyEstablishedConnection())
+                    return null;
+
                 protocolSession = protocol = createProtocolSession();
                 addManaged(protocol);
             }
@@ -343,6 +346,11 @@ protected Runnable pollTask()
 
     protected abstract ProtocolSession createProtocolSession();
 
+    /**
+     * @return true if the connection is valid, false otherwise.
+     */
+    protected abstract boolean validateNewlyEstablishedConnection();
+
     List<Long> getWritableStreamIds()
     {
         return quicheConnection.writableStreamIds();
diff --git a/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-quiche/jetty-quic-quiche-common/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/quiche/PemExporter.java b/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-quiche/jetty-quic-quiche-common/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/quiche/PemExporter.java
index cba6a9aeaa56..5faac9b12e79 100644
--- a/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-quiche/jetty-quic-quiche-common/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/quiche/PemExporter.java
+++ b/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-quiche/jetty-quic-quiche-common/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/quiche/PemExporter.java
@@ -80,6 +80,9 @@ public static Path[] exportKeyPair(KeyStore keyStore, String alias, char[] keyPa
         try (OutputStream os = Files.newOutputStream(paths[1]))
         {
             Certificate[] certChain = keyStore.getCertificateChain(alias);
+            if (certChain == null)
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Alias does not exist in key store: " + alias);
+
             for (Certificate cert : certChain)
                 writeAsPEM(os, cert);
             Files.setPosixFilePermissions(paths[1], Set.of(PosixFilePermission.OWNER_READ, PosixFilePermission.OWNER_WRITE));
diff --git a/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/server/ServerQuicConnection.java b/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/server/ServerQuicConnection.java
index ce9d77f44844..f45355882439 100644
--- a/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/server/ServerQuicConnection.java
+++ b/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/server/ServerQuicConnection.java
@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@ public Connector getQuicServerConnector()
         return connector;
     }
 
+    ServerQuicConfiguration getQuicConfiguration()
+    {
+        return quicConfiguration;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void onOpen()
     {
diff --git a/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/server/ServerQuicSession.java b/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/server/ServerQuicSession.java
index 20e69736d2ff..9803843bde43 100644
--- a/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/server/ServerQuicSession.java
+++ b/jetty-core/jetty-quic/jetty-quic-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/quic/server/ServerQuicSession.java
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 import org.eclipse.jetty.io.CyclicTimeouts;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.io.RuntimeIOException;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.quic.common.ProtocolSession;
-import org.eclipse.jetty.quic.common.QuicConnection;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.quic.common.QuicErrorCode;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.quic.common.QuicSession;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.quic.common.QuicStreamEndPoint;
 import org.eclipse.jetty.quic.quiche.QuicheConnection;
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public class ServerQuicSession extends QuicSession implements CyclicTimeouts.Exp
     private final Connector connector;
     private long expireNanoTime = Long.MAX_VALUE;
 
-    public ServerQuicSession(Executor executor, Scheduler scheduler, ByteBufferPool bufferPool, QuicheConnection quicheConnection, QuicConnection connection, SocketAddress remoteAddress, Connector connector)
+    public ServerQuicSession(Executor executor, Scheduler scheduler, ByteBufferPool bufferPool, QuicheConnection quicheConnection, ServerQuicConnection connection, SocketAddress remoteAddress, Connector connector)
     {
         super(executor, scheduler, bufferPool, quicheConnection, connection, remoteAddress);
         this.connector = connector;
@@ -67,6 +67,18 @@ protected ProtocolSession createProtocolSession()
         return new ServerProtocolSession(this);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    protected boolean validateNewlyEstablishedConnection()
+    {
+        if (getQuicConnection().getQuicConfiguration().getSslContextFactory().getNeedClientAuth() && getPeerCertificates() == null)
+        {
+            outwardClose(QuicErrorCode.CONNECTION_REFUSED.code(), "missing_client_certificate_chain");
+            flush();
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Connection newConnection(QuicStreamEndPoint endPoint)
     {