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Pioneer of the Open Source Model

Introduction

  • Red Hat, Inc. is the company behind the distribution, while Red Hat Linux & currently Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is the distribution

  • Became biggest open source provider prior to being acquired by IBM

  • Currently RHEL is used by 90% of Fortune 500 companies

  • Red Hat Inc. has rigid trademark rules restricting re-distribution of their official RHEL versions but still provides its source code

History

  • 1993: Company founded by Marc Ewing

  • 1994: First Red Hat Linux release

    • Released in October & code-named Halloween

  • 2002: RHEL release

    • Pioneered the open source subscription model
    • Fully replaced Red Hat Linux in the following year

  • 2022: RHEL 9 released

    • Current release: 9.4 as of 9/11/2024

  • 2024: RHEL 10 branched from Fedora 40

Friends and neighbors

RHEL has many community-driven distributions:

  • Fedora

    • Cutting edge community distro

  • CentOS Stream

    • RHEL development branch just days/weeks ahead
    • Focus point for community engagement

And is the basis for other products, like OpenShift and OpenStack

Frenemies

  • Amazon Linux 1
    • AL2 - RHEL/Fedora hybrid
  • AlmaLinux
  • Oracle Linux
  • Rocky Linux
  • Scientific Linux (defunct)

Oracle, SuSE, and Rocky/CIQ focusing on OpenELA project

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)

  • Still open source
  • Subscription packaging model
  • New versions roughly every five years
  • 10+ Years of Support
  • Stable & reliable, although maybe a little behind on the times
  • Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) is a community repo for popular, but unsupported software

Package Manager

The default package managers for Red Hat distros are both RPM (Red hat package manager) and YUM/DNF.

  • RPM

    • Allows for distribution, management, and ability to update software
    • Powerful in terms of installation of packages as well as inspecting and provisioning them

  • YUM/DNF

    • Front-end tool for RPM which solves dependencies for packages

Desktop Environments

  • GNOME

That's it. Others available through EPEL:

  • Cinnamon, KDE, MATE, XFCE, i3

RHEL for business

Red Hat's Open Source Assurance program provides indemnity for copyright claims against the open-source components, while under a paid subscription

RHEL for government

Red Hat manages the paperwork and testing for compliance certification, such as:

  • Common Criteria security
  • FIPS 140-2 and FIPS 1403 encryption
  • DOD STIG
  • US Government Configuration Baseline (USGCB)
  • Section 508 accessibility
  • FISMA/ FedRAMP
  • HIPAA