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README.md

aws_static_site

This module implements a website for hosting static content.

Main features:

  • DNS entries are created automatically
  • S3 bucket is created automatically
  • HTTPS enabled by default
  • HTTP Strict Transport Security supported
  • Direct access to the S3 bucket is prevented

Optional features:

  • HTTP Basic Auth
  • Plain HTTP instead of HTTPS
  • Cache TTL overrides
  • Custom response headers sent to clients
  • Creating the S3 bucket outside of this module and passing it in via variable

Resources used:

  • Route53 for DNS entries
  • ACM for SSL certificates
  • CloudFront for proxying requests
  • Lambda@Edge for transforming requests
  • IAM for permissions

About CloudFront operations

This module manages CloudFront distributions, and these operations are generally very slow. Your terraform apply may take anywhere from 10 minutes up to 45 minutes to complete. Be patient: if they start successfully, they almost always finish successfully, it just takes a while.

Additionally, this module uses Lambda@Edge functions with CloudFront. Because Lambda@Edge functions are replicated, they can't be deleted immediately. This means a terraform destroy won't successfully remove all resources on its first run. It should complete successfully when running it again after a few hours, however.

Example 1: Simple static site

Assuming you have the AWS provider set up, and a DNS zone for example.com configured on Route 53:

# Lambda@Edge and ACM, when used with CloudFront, need to be used in the US East region.
# Thus, we need a separate AWS provider for that region, which can be used with an alias.
# Make sure you customize this block to match your regular AWS provider configuration.
# https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/providers.html#multiple-provider-instances
provider "aws" {
  alias  = "us_east_1"
  region = "us-east-1"
}

module "my_site" {
  # Available inputs: https://github.com/futurice/terraform-utils/tree/master/aws_static_site#inputs
  # Check for updates: https://github.com/futurice/terraform-utils/compare/v11.0...master
  source = "git::ssh://git@github.com/futurice/terraform-utils.git//aws_static_site?ref=v11.0"

  site_domain = "hello.example.com"
}

resource "aws_s3_bucket_object" "my_index" {
  bucket       = "${module.my_site.bucket_name}"
  key          = "index.html"
  content      = "<pre>Hello World!</pre>"
  content_type = "text/html; charset=utf-8"
}

output "bucket_name" {
  description = "The name of the S3 bucket that's used for hosting the content"
  value       = "${module.my_site.bucket_name}"
}

After terraform apply (which may take a very long time), you should be able to visit hello.example.com, be redirected to HTTPS, and be greeted by the above Hello World! message.

You may (and probably will) want to upload more files into the bucket outside of Terraform. Using the official AWS CLI this could look like:

aws s3 cp --cache-control=no-store,must-revalidate image.jpg "s3://$(terraform output bucket_name)/"

After this, image.jpg will be available at https://hello.example.com/image.jpg.

Example 2: Basic Authentication

This module supports password-protecting your site with HTTP Basic Authentication, via a Lambda@Edge function.

Update the my_site module in Example 1 as follows:

module "my_site" {
  # Available inputs: https://github.com/futurice/terraform-utils/tree/master/aws_static_site#inputs
  # Check for updates: https://github.com/futurice/terraform-utils/compare/v11.0...master
  source = "git::ssh://git@github.com/futurice/terraform-utils.git//aws_static_site?ref=v11.0"

  site_domain = "hello.example.com"

  basic_auth_username = "admin"
  basic_auth_password = "secret"
}

After terraform apply (which may take a very long time), visiting hello.example.com should pop out the browser's authentication dialog, and not let you proceed without the above credentials.

Example 3: Custom response headers

This module supports injecting custom headers into CloudFront responses, via a Lambda@Edge function.

By default, the function only adds Strict-Transport-Security headers (as it significantly improves security with HTTPS), but you may need other customization.

For additional security hardening of your static site, update the my_site module in Example 1 as follows:

module "my_site" {
  # Available inputs: https://github.com/futurice/terraform-utils/tree/master/aws_static_site#inputs
  # Check for updates: https://github.com/futurice/terraform-utils/compare/v11.0...master
  source = "git::ssh://git@github.com/futurice/terraform-utils.git//aws_static_site?ref=v11.0"

  site_domain = "hello.example.com"

  add_response_headers = {
    "Strict-Transport-Security" = "max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains; preload"
    "Content-Security-Policy"   = "default-src 'none'; img-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; style-src 'self'; object-src 'none'"
    "X-Content-Type-Options"    = "nosniff"
    "X-Frame-Options"           = "DENY"
    "X-XSS-Protection"          = "1; mode=block"
    "Referrer-Policy"           = "same-origin"
  }
}

After terraform apply (which may take a very long time), visiting hello.example.com should give you these extra headers.

It's also possible to override existing headers. For example:

module "my_site" {
  # Available inputs: https://github.com/futurice/terraform-utils/tree/master/aws_static_site#inputs
  # Check for updates: https://github.com/futurice/terraform-utils/compare/v11.0...master
  source = "git::ssh://git@github.com/futurice/terraform-utils.git//aws_static_site?ref=v11.0"

  site_domain = "hello.example.com"

  add_response_headers = {
    "Server" = "My Secret Origin Server"
  }
}

After terraform apply, checking with curl --silent -I https://hello.example.com | grep Server should give you My Secret Origin Server instead of the default AmazonS3.

Example 4: Using your own bucket

If you already have an S3 bucket that you want to use, you can provide e.g. bucket_override_name = "my-existing-s3-bucket" as a variable for this module.

When bucket_override_name is provided, an S3 bucket is not automatically created for you. Note that you're then also responsible for setting up a bucket policy allowing CloudFront access to the bucket contents.

How CloudFront caching works

It's important to understand how CloudFront caches the files it proxies from S3. Because this module is built on the aws_reverse_proxy module, everything its documentation says about CloudFront caching is relevant here, too.

Specifying cache lifetimes on S3

It's a good idea to specify cache lifetimes for files individually, as they are uploaded.

For example, to upload a file so that it's never cached by CloudFront:

aws s3 cp --cache-control=no-store,must-revalidate index.html "s3://$(terraform output bucket_name)/"

Alternatively, to upload a file so that CloudFront can cache it forever:

aws s3 cp --cache-control=max-age=31536000 static/image-v123.jpg "s3://$(terraform output bucket_name)/"

Learn more about effective caching strategies on CloudFront.

Inputs

Name Description Type Default Required
add_response_headers Map of HTTP headers (if any) to add to outgoing responses before sending them to clients map <map> no
basic_auth_body When using HTTP Basic Auth, and authentication has failed, this will be displayed by the browser as the page content string "Unauthorized" no
basic_auth_password When non-empty, require this password with HTTP Basic Auth string "" no
basic_auth_realm When using HTTP Basic Auth, this will be displayed by the browser in the auth prompt string "Authentication Required" no
basic_auth_username When non-empty, require this username with HTTP Basic Auth string "" no
bucket_override_name When provided, assume a bucket with this name already exists for the site content, instead of creating the bucket automatically (e.g. "my-bucket") string "" no
cache_ttl_override When >= 0, override the cache behaviour for ALL objects in S3, so that they stay in the CloudFront cache for this amount of seconds string "-1" no
cloudfront_price_class CloudFront price class to use (100, 200 or "All", see https://aws.amazon.com/cloudfront/pricing/) string "100" no
comment_prefix This will be included in comments for resources that are created string "Static site: " no
default_root_object The object to return when the root URL is requested string "index.html" no
lambda_logging_enabled When true, writes information about incoming requests to the Lambda function's CloudWatch group string "false" no
name_prefix Name prefix to use for objects that need to be created (only lowercase alphanumeric characters and hyphens allowed, for S3 bucket name compatibility) string "aws-static-site---" no
site_domain Domain on which the static site will be made available (e.g. "www.example.com") string n/a yes
tags AWS Tags to add to all resources created (where possible); see https://aws.amazon.com/answers/account-management/aws-tagging-strategies/ map <map> no
viewer_https_only Set this to false if you need to support insecure HTTP access for clients, in addition to HTTPS string "true" no

Outputs

Name Description
bucket_domain_name Full S3 domain name for the bucket used for hosting the content (e.g. "aws-static-site---hello-example-com.s3-website.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com")
bucket_name The name of the S3 bucket that's used for hosting the content (either auto-generated or externally provided)
cloudfront_id The ID of the CloudFront distribution that's used for hosting the content
site_domain Domain on which the static site will be made available