diff --git a/Pipfile b/Pipfile
index b4d56fdf2..169957fbc 100644
--- a/Pipfile
+++ b/Pipfile
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 # update these accordingly
 
 [dev-packages]
+boto3 = "*"
 pytest=">=4.6"
 wheel="*"
 pytest-cov="*"
diff --git a/dev-requirements.txt b/dev-requirements.txt
index 4b75d1bbc..828cd7064 100644
--- a/dev-requirements.txt
+++ b/dev-requirements.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # Note that there is also a Pipfile for this project if you are updating this
 # file do not forget to update the Pipfile accordingly
+boto3
 pyyaml
 pytest>=4.6
 wheel
diff --git a/repo2docker/app.py b/repo2docker/app.py
index 470e9c0a9..b943adf85 100755
--- a/repo2docker/app.py
+++ b/repo2docker/app.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 import escapism
 from pythonjsonlogger import jsonlogger
 
-from traitlets import Any, Dict, Int, List, Unicode, Bool, default
+from traitlets import Any, Dict, Instance, Int, List, Type, Unicode, Bool, default
 from traitlets.config import Application
 
 from . import __version__
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
     RBuildPack,
 )
 from . import contentproviders
+from .logstore import LogStore
 from .utils import ByteSpecification, chdir
 
 
@@ -408,6 +409,14 @@ def get_engine(self):
         engine_class = entry.load()
         return engine_class(parent=self)
 
+    logstore = Type(LogStore, help="Log store for build logs", config=True)
+
+    _logstore = Instance(LogStore)
+
+    @default("_logstore")
+    def _default_logstore(self):
+        return self.logstore(parent=self)
+
     def fetch(self, url, ref, checkout_path):
         """Fetch the contents of `url` and place it in `checkout_path`.
 
@@ -765,6 +774,7 @@ def build(self):
                         bp.__class__.__name__,
                         extra=dict(phase="building"),
                     )
+                    self._logstore.write("Using %s builder\n" % bp.__class__.__name__)
 
                     for l in picked_buildpack.build(
                         docker_client,
@@ -779,8 +789,10 @@ def build(self):
                         # else this is Docker output
                         elif "stream" in l:
                             self.log.info(l["stream"], extra=dict(phase="building"))
+                            self._logstore.write(l["stream"])
                         elif "error" in l:
                             self.log.info(l["error"], extra=dict(phase="failure"))
+                            self._logstore.write(l["error"])
                             raise BuildError(l["error"])
                         elif "status" in l:
                             self.log.info(
@@ -795,7 +807,13 @@ def build(self):
                 shutil.rmtree(checkout_path, ignore_errors=True)
 
     def start(self):
-        self.build()
+        try:
+            self.build()
+        finally:
+            try:
+                r = self._logstore.close()
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.log.error("Failed to save log: {}".format(e))
 
         if self.push:
             self.push_image()
diff --git a/repo2docker/logstore.py b/repo2docker/logstore.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ee522c68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/repo2docker/logstore.py
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+import logging
+import os
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
+import re
+from traitlets import Any, Dict, Unicode
+from traitlets.config import LoggingConfigurable
+
+try:
+    import boto3
+
+    S3_ENABLED = True
+except ImportError:
+    S3_ENABLED = False
+
+
+"""Match all ANSI escape codes https://superuser.com/a/380778"""
+ansi_escape_regex = re.compile(r"\x1b\[[0-9;]*[a-zA-Z]")
+
+
+class LogStore(LoggingConfigurable):
+    """Abstract interface for a class that stores a build log.
+    This default implementation does nothing."""
+
+    def write(self, s):
+        """Write to the log"""
+        pass
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Finish logging. Implementations may save or copy the log."""
+        pass
+
+
+class S3LogStore(LogStore):
+    """Store a build log and upload to a S3 bucket on close
+
+    If metadata is provided keys must be valid HTML headers, and values must be strings
+    https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/UsingMetadata.html#object-metadata
+
+    Example bucket policy to allow public read of objects, but prevent listing
+
+        {
+            "Version": "2012-10-17",
+            "Statement": [
+                {
+                "Action": [
+                    "s3:GetObject"
+                ],
+                "Effect": "Allow",
+                "Principal": {
+                    "AWS": [
+                    "*"
+                    ]
+                },
+                "Resource": [
+                    "arn:aws:s3:::mybinder/*"
+                ],
+                "Sid": ""
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+
+    Source: https://gist.github.com/harshavardhana/400558963e4dfe3709623203222ed30c#granting-read-only-permission-to-an-anonymous-user
+
+    """
+
+    # Connection details
+    endpoint = Unicode(help="S3 endpoint", config=True)
+    access_key = Unicode(help="S3 access key ", config=True)
+    secret_key = Unicode(help="S3 secret key", config=True)
+    session_token = Unicode("", help="S3 session token (optional)", config=True)
+    region = Unicode("", help="S3 region (optional)", config=True)
+
+    # Where to store the log
+    bucket = Unicode(help="S3 bucket", config=True)
+    logname = Unicode(
+        "repo2docker.log", help="The name and/or path of the log", config=True
+    )
+
+    metadata = Dict(
+        {},
+        help="Metadata to be associated with the log file",
+        config=True,
+    )
+
+    _logfile = Any(allow_none=True)
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        if not S3_ENABLED:
+            raise RuntimeError("S3LogStore requires the boto3 library")
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.log = logging.getLogger("repo2docker")
+
+    def _s3_credentials(self):
+        creds = dict(
+            endpoint_url=self.endpoint,
+            aws_access_key_id=self.access_key,
+            aws_secret_access_key=self.secret_key,
+            region_name=self.region,
+        )
+        if self.session_token:
+            creds["aws_session_token"] = self.session_token
+        return creds
+
+    def write(self, s):
+        """Write a log, newlines are not automatically added,
+        removes ANSI terminal escape codes"""
+        if s and not self._logfile:
+            self._logfile = NamedTemporaryFile("w", delete=False)
+        cleaned = ansi_escape_regex.sub("", str(s))
+        self._logfile.write(cleaned)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Upload the logfile to S3"""
+        if not self._logfile:
+            # No log means image already exists so nothing was built
+            self.log.debug("No log file")
+            return
+        self._logfile.close()
+        self.log.info(
+            f"Uploading log to {self.endpoint} bucket:{self.bucket} key:{self.logname}"
+        )
+        try:
+            s3 = boto3.resource(
+                "s3",
+                config=boto3.session.Config(signature_version="s3v4"),
+                **self._s3_credentials(),
+            )
+            s3.Bucket(self.bucket).upload_file(
+                self._logfile.name,
+                self.logname,
+                ExtraArgs={
+                    "ContentType": "text/plain; charset=utf-8",
+                    "Metadata": self.metadata,
+                },
+            )
+            os.remove(self._logfile.name)
+        finally:
+            self._logfile = None
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 27c19c93c..2d620668f 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -58,6 +58,9 @@ def get_identifier(json):
         "toml",
         "traitlets",
     ],
+    extras_require={
+        "s3log": ["boto3"],
+    },
     python_requires=">=3.6",
     author="Project Jupyter Contributors",
     author_email="jupyter@googlegroups.com",
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_logstore.py b/tests/unit/test_logstore.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c832c037
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/test_logstore.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+"""
+Test S3LogStore
+"""
+# botocore includes a stub
+# https://botocore.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/reference/stubber.html
+# but it doesn't work with upload_file so use mock instead
+# https://sgillies.net/2017/10/19/mock-is-magic.html
+import os
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
+from unittest.mock import patch
+from repo2docker import logstore
+
+
+@patch("repo2docker.logstore.boto3")
+def test_s3logstore_upload(boto3):
+    tmp_logfile = NamedTemporaryFile("w", delete=False)
+    store = logstore.S3LogStore(
+        endpoint="http://localhost:9000",
+        access_key="access",
+        secret_key="secret",
+        bucket="bucket",
+        logname="test/build.log",
+        metadata={"test-key": "test value"},
+        # Override for testing so we know the name of the tempfile
+        _logfile=tmp_logfile,
+    )
+
+    store.write("hello\n")
+    store.close()
+
+    boto3.resource.assert_called_with(
+        "s3",
+        config=boto3.session.Config(signature_version="s3v4"),
+        endpoint_url="http://localhost:9000",
+        aws_access_key_id="access",
+        aws_secret_access_key="secret",
+        region_name="",
+    )
+    boto3.resource().Bucket.assert_called_with("bucket")
+    boto3.resource().Bucket().upload_file.assert_called_with(
+        tmp_logfile.name,
+        "test/build.log",
+        ExtraArgs={
+            "ContentType": "text/plain; charset=utf-8",
+            "Metadata": {"test-key": "test value"},
+        },
+    )
+    assert not os.path.exists(tmp_logfile.name)
+
+
+@patch("repo2docker.logstore.boto3")
+def test_s3logstore_empty(boto3):
+    store = logstore.S3LogStore(
+        endpoint="http://localhost:9000",
+        access_key="access",
+        secret_key="secret",
+        bucket="bucket",
+        logname="test/build.log",
+    )
+
+    r = store.close()
+
+    assert not boto3.resource.called
+    assert not boto3.resource().Bucket.called
+    assert not boto3.resource().Bucket().upload_file.called