tutorial-1

import random
#python variables - a place to store a data
# basic structure of programming : input -> process -> output
#create variable name meaningful
#if using a same variable name, will take a last data 
storeOne = 5 #integer data type
storeOne = 10 #<-- will overwrite latest data
print(storeOne)

#to store 'string', make sure 'double("")' quote
storeText = "John" #string data type
print(storeText)

#float data type
#3 important data type: interger,string and float
storeFloatingNumber = 100.56 #float data type
print(storeFloatingNumber)

#round data type
storeRound = round(7.9) #round data type
print(storeRound)

#'casting' is a method to change data type to another data type
convertStr = str(storeOne) #convert to string
convertFloat = float(storeOne) #convert to float
convertInt = int(storeFloatingNumber) #convert to integer
print(convertStr)
print(convertFloat)
print(convertInt)

# variable name need to start with letter or underscore '_' /
# cannot start with number
# variable name only can alphnumeric, number and underscore only
# case sensetive
# variable name cannot have any python keyword.

hello_store = 2
print(hello_store)

_helloStore = 4
print(_helloStore)

age = 20
AGE = 40
Age = 60

print(age)
print(AGE)
print(Age)

#standardise format for variable name
#camel-case - start with lower-case next word start with hi-case
myNameIs = "khairul"

#pascal-case - same like camel case but start with capital
MyNameIs = "john"

#snake-case - word connected with underscore
my_name_is = "jane"

#how to store multiple value
#1)many values to multiple variable - make sure variable name and value is same quantity
first_var,second_var,third_var = "orange", "banana", "cherry"
print(first_var)
print(second_var)
print(third_var)

#2)one value to multiple variable
fourth_var = fifth_var = sixth_var = "apple"
print(fourth_var)
print(fifth_var)
print(sixth_var)

#to know data type
print(type(fourth_var))
print(type(age))

#random number
#need to import module 1st
print(random.randrange(1, 100))

storeRandom = random.randrange(1, 100)
print(storeRandom)

#slicing string
sampleText = "Hello, world!"
print(sampleText[7:12])
print(sampleText[:7]) #[:5] same [0:5]
print(sampleText[:])
print(sampleText[7:])

print(sampleText[-7:0])
print(sampleText[-7:-1])

#modify string
stringModification = "Hello, world!"
stringSpaceMofication = "     My name is jong"

print(stringModification.upper())
print(stringModification.lower())

print(stringSpaceMofication)
print(stringSpaceMofication.strip())

print(stringModification.replace("l", "p"))

#concatenate String ( variable value cannot combine with num and alphnumeric)
stringOne = "hello"
stringTwo = "world"
stringThree = stringOne + " " + stringTwo
print(stringThree)

numOne = 10
numTwo = 20
numThree = numOne + numTwo
print(numThree)

#print reverse word using slicing
variable = "Hello World"
print(variable[::-1])

#operator: arithmetic (+ - * / % **), assignment(= += -= /= %=), comparison(== != > < >= <=), logical, identity, membership, bitwise.
#first 4 operator are common use.

#arithmetic
numFour = 50
numFive = 50
numFour + numFive

#assignment
numFour +=20 #same as --> numFour = numFour + 20

#comparison
print(numFour == numFive) #statment numFour is `equal to` numFive
print(numFour != numFive) #statment numFour is `not equal to` numFive