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Kite usage, read first

TF 1.15.2

Manual build

NOTE:

  • commands prefixed by $ should be run in a shell on the host machine
  • commands prefixed by # should be run in an interactive shell in the docker container
  1. Build image
$ sudo docker image build -f Dockerfile --rm -t blocksparse:local .
  1. Start docker container with an interactive terminal, Choose the relevant CPU/GPU option below. We use the -u flag to ensure that the build artifacts have the correct host user information/permissions.

CPU

  • the tests below will fail if you try to run them without GPU support
  • the ln command should be run inside the docker container
$ sudo docker run -it --privileged -w /working_dir -v ${PWD}:/working_dir -u "$(id -u):$(id -g)" --rm blocksparse:local
# ln -s /usr/local/cuda/compat/libcuda.so /usr/lib/libcuda.so

GPU

$ sudo docker run -it --gpus all --privileged -w /working_dir -v ${PWD}:/working_dir -u "$(id -u):$(id -g)" --rm blocksparse:local
  1. Compile (inside the docker container)
# make compile

TF 1.13.1

Manual build

NOTE:

  • commands prefixed by $ should be run in a shell on the host machine
  • commands prefixed by # should be run in an interactive shell in the docker container
  1. Build image
$ sudo docker image build -f Dockerfile-tf-1.13.1 --rm -t blocksparse:local-tf.1.13.1 .
  1. Start docker container with an interactive terminal, Choose the relevant CPU/GPU option below. We use the -u flag to ensure that the build artifacts have the correct host user information/permissions.

CPU

  • the tests below will fail if you try to run them without GPU support
  • the ln command should be run inside the docker container
$ sudo docker run -it --privileged -w /working_dir -v ${PWD}:/working_dir -u "$(id -u):$(id -g)" --rm blocksparse:local-tf.1.13.1
# ln -s /usr/local/cuda/compat/libcuda.so /usr/lib/libcuda.so

GPU

$ sudo docker run -it --gpus all --privileged -w /working_dir -v ${PWD}:/working_dir -u "$(id -u):$(id -g)" --rm blocksparse:local-tf.1.13.1
  1. Compile (inside the docker container)
# make compile

Testing

  1. Exit the docker container we used to build the package, then restart the docker container with root permissions so that we can do a pip install.

TF 1.15.2

# exit
$ sudo docker run -it --gpus all --privileged -w /working_dir -v ${PWD}:/working_dir --rm blocksparse:local
# pip3 install dist/*.whl

TF 1.13.1

# exit
$ sudo docker run -it --gpus all --privileged -w /working_dir -v ${PWD}:/working_dir --rm blocksparse:local-tf.1.13.1
# pip3 install dist/*.whl
  1. Test compiled version (inside the docker container)
# test/blocksparse_matmul_test.py

Current known test failures

  • All of the tests noted below still fail on tf.1.13.1 and tf.1.15.2 builds. The exceptions are test/nccl_test.py and test/quantize_test.py which now pass.

Original known test failures

As far as I can tell, the following tests have always failed on our builds. I determined this by checking out commit 3ead98d761cd15095fe8198881490d2acbbd0706 and then building using the instructions for TF 1.13.1 above.

  • test/blocksparse_conv_test.py -- originally got an error complaining that the lut argument was type int32 intstead of int64, then once I fixed this in conv.py via casting, the tests failed with 99.9% of the values mismatched.
  • test/blocksparse_matmul_bench.py -- fails with "got an unexpected keyword argument 'dw_dtype'".
  • test/blocksparse_reduced_dw_test.py -- fails with "InvalidArgumentError (see above for traceback): Tensorcore GPU required".
  • test/blocksparse_transformer_test.py -- fails with "InvalidArgumentError (see above for traceback): Tensorcore GPU required".
  • test/edge_bias_test.py -- hangs and nothing ever happens.
  • test/nccl_test.py -- fails with "AttributeError: module 'a9a37b9e0fcca4488628a1751af42d7d' has no attribute 'allreduce_nccl'". This actually makes sense since in this commit the compile step has all of the nccl stuff commented out.
  • test/quantize_test.py -- fails with "FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/home/scott/quant_log.txt'", changed the logfile to ./quant_log.txt then it works.

Publishing TF 1.15.2

NOTE: this is typically done outside the docker container or you will need to place github credentials inside the docker container.

  • Build the .so file using instructions above and add it to github repo.
  • Update setup.py with the appropriate version number.
  • Install twine (pip3 install twine) and configure it with your PyPi credentials.
  • Release: make release

Original README.md below

Status: Active (under active development, breaking changes may occur)

Blocksparse

The blocksparse package contains TensorFlow Ops and corresponding GPU kernels for block-sparse matrix multiplication. Also included are related ops like edge bias, sparse weight norm and layer norm.

To learn more, see the launch post on the OpenAI blog.

Prerequisites

First, you need at least one Nvidia GPU. For best performance, we recommend using a Pascal or Maxwell generation GPU -- this is the full list of features by GPU type:

GPU Family BSMatMul-ASM BSMatMul-CudaC BSConv
Kepler - X -
Maxwell X (fastest) X X
Pascal X (fastest) X X
Volta - X (fastest) -

Note that BSMatMul-CudaC only supports feature_axis=0, while BSMatMul-ASM only supports feature_axis=1.

Additionally, you need:

  • A working Linux installation (we run Ubuntu 16.04) with the Nvidia drivers for your GPU.
  • CUDA 8 (in /usr/local/cuda)
  • Python 3.5 or newer, or 2.7 or newer
  • TensorFlow 1.4.0 or newer, with GPU support (e.g. pip install tensorflow-gpu)
  • CUDA 9 and Volta will work if you update the build targets (-gencode=arch=compute_70,code=sm_70) and also build tenorflow from source.

Installation

pip install blocksparse

Usage

This example performs a block-sparse matrix multiplication:

from blocksparse.matmul import BlocksparseMatMul
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np

hidden_size = 4096
block_size = 32
minibatch_size = 64

# Create a (random) sparsity pattern
sparsity = np.random.randint(2, size=(hidden_size//block_size,hidden_size//block_size))

# Initialize the sparse matrix multiplication object
bsmm = BlocksparseMatMul(sparsity, block_size=block_size)

# Input to graph
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[None, hidden_size])

# Initialize block-sparse weights
w = tf.get_variable("w", bsmm.w_shape, dtype=tf.float32)

# Block-sparse matrix multiplication
y = bsmm(x, w)

# Run
sess = tf.InteractiveSession()
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
result = sess.run([y], feed_dict = {x: np.ones((minibatch_size,hidden_size), dtype='float32')})
print(result)

For a more involved example using block-sparse ops to train a language model, see examples/.

Development

If you're interested in hacking on the ops and kernels, go ahead and build from source:

git clone git@github.com:openai/blocksparse.git
cd blocksparse

make compile
pip install dist/*.whl

# test it if you like
test/blocksparse_matmul_test.py
test/blocksparse_conv_test.py

If your CUDA is not in /usr/local/cuda or you have several versions, e.g. both /usr/local/cuda-8.0 and /usr/local/cuda-9.0, set CUDA_HOME to the base path to use when compiling make compile.

API Documentation:

blocksparse.matmul

class BlocksparseMatMul(object)

    def __init__(self, layout, block_size=32, feature_axis=1)
    """
    layout: a 2d array of ones and zeros specifying the block layout
    block_size: values 32, 16, 8 supported
    feature_axis: when block_size is less than 32 memory access becomes far more efficient
                  with a (C,N) activation layout
    """

    # shape helpers for generating tensors (N=minibatch)
    self.w_shape
    def i_shape(self, N)
    def o_shape(self, N)

    # return the coordinates (c,k) in the layout that corresponds to a given block id
    def block_coord(self, block)

    # experimental ortho init
    def ortho_init(self)

    # in practice, identity_init + layernorm is all you need for initialization
    # with gpu=True the init is performed by kernel on the device
    def identity_init(self, gpu=False)

    # To implement weight normalization.  In practice, layernorm works much better.
    def l2_normalize(self, W, gain=None, epsilon=1e-6, dtype=np.float32)

    def __call__(self, I, W, dw_dtype=tf.float32)
    """
    Execute the op.  Note that the weight variable is independant from the bsmm object.
    This allows multiple weights to be tied to the same bsmm layout.

    dw_dtype: allows control over dw precision format.
    """


def group_param_grads(param_grad, group_size=8, cast32=True)
"""
param_grad: the tensorflow parameter gradient for a give bsmm weight variable (returned from tf.gradients)
group_size: desired group size, up to 8 supported

This causes the tf graph to be rewritten so that weight grad matmuls from different time steps
(and shared weights across time) are combined into a more efficient single matmul.
"""


class SparseProj(object):
    def __init__(self, nhidden, nproj=None, proj_stride=None, block_size=32, gather_lut=None)
    """
    Experimental class to support dense-to-sparse and sparse-to-dense projections.
    Basically the same as the tensorflow ops but faster and support alternate precision formats.
    They assume a unique 1 to 1 mapping so atomics need not be used on backward ops.
    """

    def gather(self, x)
    def scatter(self, x)
    def scatter_add(self, x, y)
    def scatter_mul(self, x, y)

blocksparse.conv

class BlocksparseConv(object):
    def __init__(self, BCK, TRS, DHW, MPQ=None, strides=(1,1,1), dilates=(1,1,1), padding="SAME", edge_bias=False)
    """
    BCK: (                                             # block(B)/input(C)/output(K) feature dims
             ( (c0, c1, c2, ...), (k0, k1, k2, ...) ), # block 0 c,k are indeces into C,K dims
             ( (c0, c1, c2, ...), (k0, k1, k2, ...) ), # block 1
             ( (c0, c1, c2, ...), (k0, k1, k2, ...) ), # block 2 ...
         )
    TRS: (T,R,S) or (R,S) or (S,)         - filter spatial size dims
    DHW: (D,H,W) or (H,W) or (W,)         - input image spatial size dims
    MPQ: (M,P,Q) or (P,Q) or (Q,) or None - output image spatial size dims (used for ambiguous dims in strided transpose conv)
    strides: (1,1,1) or (1,1) or (1,)
    dilates: (1,1,1) or (1,1) or (1,)
    padding: (1,1,1) or (1,1) or (1,) or "SAME" or "VALID"
    edge_bias: True/False
    """

    # shape helpers for setting up variables or test tensors
    def edge_bias_shape(self)
    def f_shape(self, block=None)
    def i_shape(self, N)
    def o_shape(self, N)

    # execute op passing in param variables and input
    def __call__(self, F, I, edge_bias=None):

    # for implementing weight norm
    def l2_normalize(self, F, gain=None, epsilon=1e-6, dtype=np.float32):

class BlocksparseDeconv(BlocksparseConv)
    def __init__(self, BCK, TRS, DHW, MPQ=None, strides=(1,1,1), dilates=(1,1,1), padding="SAME", edge_bias=False)
    """
    Deconvolution.  Same params as above.
    """

def cwise_linear(x, a=None, b=None)
"""
In the NCHW tensor format, tensorflow is extremely slow at implementing simple broadcasting ops on the middle C dim.
This lets you do:
    y = a*x + b
    y = a*x
    y = x + b

Where a and b are of shape (1,C,1,1)
This is useful for ops like weight norm.

blocksparse.ew

# same as tf ops but generally more efficient and allow custom precision formats
def        add(x, y, name=None)
def   multiply(x, y, name=None)
def   subtract(x, y, name=None)
def     divide(x, y, name=None)
def    maximum(x, y, name=None)
def    minimum(x, y, name=None)

def   negative(x,    name=None)
def reciprocal(x,    name=None)
def     square(x,    name=None)
def       sqrt(x,    name=None)
def        exp(x,    name=None)
def        log(x,    name=None)
def    sigmoid(x,    name=None)
def       tanh(x,    name=None)
def       relu(x,    name=None)
def       elu (x, alpha=1.0, name=None)

# here args can be the 4 independant gate tensors or
# a single merged gate tensor (which gets split in 4 internally)
def fused_lstm_gates(c, *args, name=None)

def split4(x)
def concat4(x0, x1, x2, x3)

# A custom cast op to help explore novel precision formats
def float_cast(x, dtype, dx_dtype=None)

# a much faster (and non-deterministic) dropout op
# also supports novel precision formats
def dropout(x, keep_prob=0.8, mask=None)

# an op to be used in tf.gradients when adding together multiple contributions of a gradient.
# note that only 8 inputs are supported as you'd never want a single op to consume all possible inputs
# before it starts executing in the graph (and hence reducing the memory footprint)
def add_n8(xs, name=None)

blocksparse.norms

def layer_norm(x, g, b, axis=1, epsilon=1e-6, relu=False)
"""
Very fast layernorm to support both bsmm feature_axis activation layouts.
Also inlcludes optional integrated relu (applied to end)
"""

# basic batch norm ops for the NCHW layout
def batch_norm(x, g, b, epsilon=1e-6)
def batch_norm_inference(x, g, b, m, v, epsilon=1e-6)