diff --git a/rust/lance/examples/ivf_hnsw.rs b/rust/lance/examples/ivf_hnsw.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a530bfc82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/lance/examples/ivf_hnsw.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Lance Developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Run recall benchmarks for HNSW.
+//!
+//! run with `cargo run --release --example hnsw`
+
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+use arrow::array::AsArray;
+use arrow_array::types::Float32Type;
+use clap::Parser;
+use futures::TryStreamExt;
+use lance::index::vector::VectorIndexParams;
+use lance::Dataset;
+use lance_index::vector::hnsw::builder::HnswBuildParams;
+use lance_index::vector::ivf::IvfBuildParams;
+use lance_index::vector::pq::PQBuildParams;
+use lance_index::{DatasetIndexExt, IndexType};
+use lance_linalg::{distance::MetricType, MatrixView};
+
+#[derive(Parser, Debug)]
+#[command(version, about, long_about = None)]
+struct Args {
+    /// Dataset URI
+    uri: String,
+
+    /// Vector column name
+    #[arg(short, long, value_name = "NAME", default_value = "vector")]
+    column: Option<String>,
+
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "100")]
+    ef: usize,
+
+    /// Max number of edges of each node.
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "30")]
+    max_edges: usize,
+
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "7")]
+    max_level: u16,
+
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "1")]
+    nprobe: usize,
+
+    #[arg(short, default_value = "10")]
+    k: usize,
+
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "false")]
+    create_index: bool,
+
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "cosine")]
+    metric_type: String,
+}
+
+fn ground_truth(mat: &MatrixView<Float32Type>, query: &[f32], k: usize) -> HashSet<u32> {
+    let mut dists = vec![];
+    for i in 0..mat.num_rows() {
+        let dist = lance_linalg::distance::l2_distance(query, mat.row(i).unwrap());
+        dists.push((dist, i as u32));
+    }
+    dists.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.partial_cmp(&b.0).unwrap());
+    dists.truncate(k);
+    dists.into_iter().map(|(_, i)| i).collect()
+}
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+    env_logger::init();
+    let args = Args::parse();
+
+    let mut dataset = Dataset::open(&args.uri)
+        .await
+        .expect("Failed to open dataset");
+    println!("Dataset schema: {:#?}", dataset.schema());
+
+    let column = args.column.as_deref().unwrap_or("vector");
+    let metric_type = MetricType::try_from(args.metric_type.as_str()).unwrap();
+
+    let mut ivf_params = IvfBuildParams::new(128);
+    ivf_params.sample_rate = 20480;
+    let pq_params = PQBuildParams::default();
+    let hnsw_params = HnswBuildParams::default()
+        .ef_construction(100)
+        .num_edges(15)
+        .max_num_edges(30);
+    let params =
+        VectorIndexParams::with_ivf_hnsw_pq_params(metric_type, ivf_params, hnsw_params, pq_params);
+    println!("{:?}", params);
+
+    if args.create_index {
+        let now = std::time::Instant::now();
+        dataset
+            .create_index(&[column], IndexType::Vector, None, &params, true)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        println!("build={:.3}s", now.elapsed().as_secs_f32());
+    }
+
+    println!("Loaded {} batches", dataset.count_rows().await.unwrap());
+
+    let q = dataset
+        .take(&[0], &dataset.schema().project(&[column]).unwrap())
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+        .column(0)
+        .as_fixed_size_list()
+        .values()
+        .as_primitive::<Float32Type>()
+        .clone();
+
+    let columns: &[&str] = &[];
+    let mut scan = dataset.scan();
+    let plan = scan
+        .project(columns)
+        .unwrap()
+        .with_row_id()
+        .nearest(column, &q, args.k)
+        .unwrap()
+        .nprobs(args.nprobe);
+    println!("{:?}", plan.explain_plan(true).await.unwrap());
+
+    let now = std::time::Instant::now();
+    plan.try_into_stream()
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+        .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    println!(
+        "level={}, nprobe={}, k={}, search={:?}",
+        args.max_level,
+        args.nprobe,
+        args.k,
+        now.elapsed(),
+    );
+
+    let now = std::time::Instant::now();
+    for _ in 0..10 {
+        plan.try_into_stream()
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .try_collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+    println!(
+        "warm up: level={}, nprobe={}, k={}, search={:?}",
+        args.max_level,
+        args.nprobe,
+        args.k,
+        now.elapsed().div_f32(10.0),
+    );
+}