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The Windows Restore Point formats

Summary

The Windows Restore Point formats were used by the System Restore subsystem prior to Windows Vista. This specification is based on available documentation and was enhanced by analyzing test data.

This document is intended as a working document for the Windows Restore Point format specifications.

Document information

Author(s):

Joachim Metz <joachim.metz@gmail.com>

Abstract:

This document contains information about the Windows Restore Point formats

Classification:

Public

Keywords:

Restore Point, change.log, fifo.log, rp.log

License

Copyright (C) 2015-2018, Joachim Metz <joachim.metz@gmail.com>.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included
in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

Revision history

Version Author Date Comments

0.0.1

J.B. Metz

April 2015

Initial version.

0.0.2

J.B. Metz

April 2015

Additional findings for the change.log format.

0.0.3

J.B. Metz

May 2015

Additional findings for the change.log format.

0.0.4

J.B. Metz

May 2018

Textual changes.

1. Overview

The Windows Restore Points formats were used by the System Restore subsystem in Windows XP, and presumably Windows ME.

On Windows XP a Restore Points can be found in:

C:\System Volume Information\_restore{%GUID%}\

Where %GUID% is the machine GUID, for which the Restore Point was created.

This directory contains:

  • drivetable.txt; UTF-16 little-endian text file without byte-order-mark

  • fifo.log; Restore Point deletion information

  • RP[1-9][0-9]* (e.g. RP1); a Restore Point sub directory

Each Restore Point sub directory contains:

  • change.log or change.log.[1-9];

  • drivetable.txt; UTF-16 little-endian text file without byte-order-mark

  • RestorePointSize;

  • rp.log; Restore Point information log file

  • snapshot; the Restore Point Snapshot sub directory

The Restore Point snapshot sub directory contains:

  • ComDb.Dat; a copy of the COM+ database

  • domain.txt; UTF-16 little-endian text file without byte-order-mark

  • a copy of the IIS database

  • REGISTRY[0-9A-Z_]*; a copy of the Windows Registry hive files

  • Repository; sub directory that contains a copy of the WMI repository (also referred to as the Common Information Model (CIM) repository)

Characteristics Description

Byte order

little-endian

Date and time values

FILETIME in UTC

Character strings

UTF-16 little-endian formatted string with end-of-string character

1.1. Test version

Files created by the following version of programs were used to test the information within this document:

  • TODO: Windows ME

  • Windows XP

1.2. The fifo.log file

The fifo.log file contains Restore Point deletion information.

Extended ASCII strings:

11/14/12-13:54:45 : Fifoed RP1 on drive C:\

Date format seems MM/DD/YY

2. The change.log file

A change.log file consists of:

  • change log header

  • change log entries

2.1. Change log header

The change log header (CHANGE_LOG_HEADER) is variable of size and consists of:

Offset Size Value Description

RECORD_HEADER of type RecordTypeLogHeader

0

4

Record size
Includes the size of the volume path record.

4

4

0

Record type

8

4

0xabcdef12

Signature

12

4

2

Format version

RECORD_HEADER of type RecordTypeVolumePath

16

4

Record size

20

4

2

Record type

16

…​

Volume path
UTF-16 little-endian string with end-of-string character.

…​

4

Copy of record size

2.1.1. Change log record types

Value Identifier Description

0

RecordTypeLogHeader

The record contains the header for the change log.

1

RecordTypeLogEntry

The record contains the header for a change log entry.

2

RecordTypeVolumePath

The data contains the volume path for the change log entry.

3

RecordTypeFirstPath

The data contains the file path for the change log entry.

4

RecordTypeSecondPath

The data contains the file path of the renamed file for the change log entry.

5

RecordTypeTempPath

The data contains the name of the backup file used to restore the change log entry.

6

RecordTypeAclInline

The data contains an access control list (ACL).

7

RecordTypeAclFile

The data contains the name of the ACL file used to store the ACL.

8

RecordTypeDebugInfo

The data contains debug information for the change log entry.

9

RecordTypeShortName

The data contains the short name of the backup file.

2.2. Change log entry

The change log entry (CHANGE_LOG_ENTRY) is variable of size and consists of:

Offset Size Value Description

RECORD_HEADER of type RecordTypeLogEntry

0

4

Record size

4

4

1

Record type

8

4

0xabcdef12

Signature

12

4

Entry type

16

4

Entry flags

20

4

File attributes
Set to 0xffffffff if not used.

24

8

Sequence number

32

32

Unknown (empty values)

Process name

64

4

Unknown (size of process name data)
The value does not include the 4 bytes of the size itself

68

4

Unknown (string data type?)
Seen: 0x00000003 (Unicode?)

73

…​

Name of the process that made the change
UTF-16 little-endian string with end-of-string character.

If < record size - 4

…​

…​

Unknown (sub records?)
Contains a list? of records?

…​

4

Copy of record size

2.2.1. Change log entry types

Value Identifier Description

0x00000001

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_STREAMCHANGE

0x00000002

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_ACLCHANGE

0x00000004

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_ATTRCHANGE

0x00000008

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_STREAMOVERWRITE

0x00000010

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_FILEDELETE

0x00000020

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_FILECREATE

0x00000040

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_FILERENAME

0x00000080

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_DIRCREATE

0x00000100

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_DIRRENAME

0x00000200

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_DIRDELETE

0x00000400

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_MOUNTCREATE

0x00000800

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_MOUNTDELETE

0x00001000

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_VOLUMEERROR

0x00002000

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_STREAMCREATE

0x00010000

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_NOOPTIMIZE

0x00020000

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_ISDIR

0x00040000

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_ISNOTDIR

0x00080000

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_SIMULATEDELETE

0x00100000

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_INPRECREATE

0x00200000

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYTYPES_OPENBYID

2.2.2. Change log entry flags

Value Identifier Description

0x00000001

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYFLAGS_TEMPPATH

0x00000002

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYFLAGS_SECONDPATH

0x00000004

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYFLAGS_ACLINFO

0x00000008

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYFLAGS_DEBUGINFO

0x00000010

CHANGE_LOG_ENTRYFLAGS_SHORTNAME

2.3. First path record data

The first path record data is variable of size and consists of:

Offset Size Value Description

RECORD_HEADER of type RecordTypeFirstPath

0

4

Record size

4

4

3

Record type

8

…​

The first path string
UTF-16 little-endian string with end-of-string character.

TODO: need sample.

2.4. Second path record data

The second path record data is variable of size and consists of:

Offset Size Value Description

RECORD_HEADER of type RecordTypeSecondPath

0

4

Record size

4

4

4

Record type

8

…​

The secondary path string
UTF-16 little-endian string with end-of-string character.

2.5. Backup file record data

The backup file record data is variable of size and consists of:

Offset Size Value Description

RECORD_HEADER of type RecordTypeTempPath

0

4

Record size

4

4

5

Record type

8

…​

The backup filename string
UTF-16 little-endian string with end-of-string character.

The backup files are located in the RP# folder. The filename has the following format: A.ext, where is a seven-digit number and ext is the file name extension.

2.6. Inline ACL record data

The inline ACL record data is variable of size and consists of:

Offset Size Value Description

RECORD_HEADER of type RecordTypeAclInline

0

4

Record size

4

4

6

Record type

8

…​

Unknown (SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR?)

Note
According to [MSDN] this value cannot be larger than 8192 bytes. It states that to specify a value larger than 8192 bytes a RecordTypeAclFile record must be used.

2.7. File ACL record data

The file ACL record data is variable of size and consists of:

Offset Size Value Description

RECORD_HEADER of type RecordTypeAclFile

0

4

Record size

4

4

7

Record type

8

…​

Unknown (SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR?)

TODO: need sample.

The ACL files are located in the RP# folder. The filename has the following format: S.acl, where is a seven-digit number.

2.8. Debug information record data

The debug information record data is variable of size and consists of:

Offset Size Value Description

RECORD_HEADER of type RecordTypeDebugInfo

0

4

Record size

4

4

8

Record type

8

…​

Unknown (SR_LOG_DEBUG_INFO?)

TODO: need sample.

typedef struct _SR_LOG_DEBUG_INFO {
    RECORD_HEADER Header;         // log entry header
    HANDLE ThreadId;              // thread identifier
    HANDLE ProcessId;             // process identifier
    ULARGER_INTEGER TimeStamp;    // event time stamp
    CHAR ProcesName[13];          // process name
} SR_LOG_DEBUG_INFO, *PSR_LOG_DEBUG_INFO;

2.9. Short filename record data

The short filename record data is variable of size and consists of:

Offset Size Value Description

RECORD_HEADER of type RecordTypeShortName

0

4

Record size

4

4

9

Record type

8

…​

The short filename string
UTF-16 little-endian string with end-of-string character.

3. The rp.log file

The rp.log file consists of:

  • Restore Point information

  • Unknown data

  • file footer

3.1. Restore point information

The Restore Point information (RESTOREPOINTINFO) is variable of size and consists of:

Offset Size Value Description

0

4

Event type

See section: Event types

4

4

Restore point typeRestore point type
See section: Restore point types

8

8

Sequence number

16

…​

TODO: determine if the description always stored as UTF-16, since WINAPI provides both RESTOREPOINTINFOA and RESTOREPOINTINFOW.

3.1.1. Event types

Value Identifier Description

0x00000064

BEGIN_SYSTEM_CHANGE

Event to mark the start of a system change.

0x00000065

END_SYSTEM_CHANGE

Event to mark the end of a system change.

0x00000066

BEGIN_NESTED_SYSTEM_CHANGE

Event to mark the start of a nested system change.
A nested system change does not create a new Restore Point.
Must be ended with END_NESTED_SYSTEM_CHANGE, not END_SYSTEM_CHANGE.

0x00000067

END_NESTED_SYSTEM_CHANGE

Event to mark the end of a nested system change.

3.1.2. Restore point types

Value Identifier Description

0x00000000

APPLICATION_INSTALL

Installation of an application.

0x00000001

APPLICATION_UNINSTALL

Uninstall of an application.

0x00000007

Unknown
Seen in XP rp.log

0x0000000a

DEVICE_DRIVER_INSTALL

Installation of a device driver.

0x0000000c

MODIFY_SETTINGS

Features added or removed of an application.

0x0000000d

CANCELLED_OPERATION

An application needs to delete the Restore Point it created.
For example, an application would use this flag when a user cancels an installation.

0x00000010

Unknown
Seen in Windows 8 RESTOREPOINTINFO

Offset Size Value Description

0

8

Restore point creation time
Contains a FILETIME
Could this be the rp.log last write time instead?

4. Notes

Files Contained in Each RP#Folder

4.1. rp.log

00000000  66 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |f...............|
00000010  49 00 6e 00 73 00 74 00  61 00 6c 00 6c 00 65 00  |I.n.s.t.a.l.l.e.|
00000020  64 00 20 00 50 00 79 00  74 00 68 00 6f 00 6e 00  |d. .P.y.t.h.o.n.|
00000030  20 00 6d 00 6f 00 63 00  6b 00 2d 00 31 00 2e 00  | .m.o.c.k.-.1...|
00000040  30 00 2e 00 31 00 00 00                           |0...1...]...X...|

00000040                           5d 01 00 00 58 aa 12 00  |0...1...]...X...|
00000050  7c ee ad 00 a6 16 91 7c  62 01 00 00 58 aa 12 00  ||......|b...X...|
00000060  00 00 0a 00 68 b5 12 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00  |....h...........|
00000070  08 e6 11 00 00 00 00 00  5c ef ad 00 4c 08 91 7c  |........\...L..||
00000080  00 00 0a 00 81 09 91 7c  08 06 0a 00 5d 00 91 7c  |.......|....]..||
00000090  b8 e2 10 00 10 e6 11 00  10 e6 11 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000000a0  03 00 00 00 08 e6 11 00  c8 ee ad 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000000b0  b8 00 91 7c 88 1e 10 00  94 ef ad 00 dc ee ad 00  |...|............|
000000c0  00 00 00 00 b8 00 91 7c  a0 51 11 00 a8 ef ad 00  |.......|.Q......|
000000d0  41 00 91 7c 08 08 0a 00  5d 00 91 7c 38 d9 0b 00  |A..|....]..|8...|
000000e0  a8 51 11 00 a8 51 11 00  30 01 00 00 c0 00 00 00  |.Q...Q..0.......|
000000f0  13 00 00 00 78 01 0a 00  e0 02 0a 00 18 0b 00 00  |....x...........|
00000100  20 00 00 00 30 00 00 00  00 00 0a 00 e0 02 0a 00  | ...0...........|
00000110  00 00 0a 00 00 00 0a 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000120  00 00 00 00 98 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 26 00 01 01  |............&...|
00000130  08 00 00 00 a0 ee 00 00  40 00 00 00 44 ed ad 00  |........@...D...|
00000140  20 e9 90 7c 2d f6 90 7c  10 f0 ad 00 00 00 0a 00  | ..|-..|........|
00000150  90 ef ad 00 5c f6 90 7c  61 f6 90 7c 34 00 00 c0  |....\..|a..|4...|
00000160  00 00 0a 00 2d f6 01 00  13 00 00 00 d8 ee ad 00  |....-...........|
00000170  d8 ef ad 00 cc ef ad 00  20 e9 01 00 08 00 00 00  |........ .......|
00000180  ec ee ad 00 5d 00 91 7c  e0 ef ad 00 20 e9 90 7c  |....]..|.... ..||
00000190  60 00 91 7c ff ff ff ff  5d 00 91 7c cf fd 7d 7c  |`..|....]..|..}||
000001a0  00 00 0a 00 00 00 00 00  9f fd 7d 7c 38 d9 0b 00  |..........}|8...|
000001b0  a8 51 11 00 00 00 00 00  48 9b 80 7c a4 ff ad 00  |.Q......H..|....|
000001c0  48 9b 80 7c a8 fd 7d 7c  bc ef ad 00 9f fd 7d 7c  |H..|..}|......}||
000001d0  a4 ff ad 00 48 9b 80 7c  a8 fd 7d 7c ff ff ff ff  |....H..|..}|....|
000001e0  9f fd 7d 7c e6 5f 2d 7d  a8 51 11 00 08 f0 ad 00  |..}|._-}.Q......|
000001f0  02 f3 38 7d a8 51 11 00  14 f0 ad 00 4e f4 38 7d  |..8}.Q......N.8}|
00000200  a8 51 11 00 24 f0 ad 00  76 60 2d 7d 18 6c 3a 7d  |.Q..$...v`-}.l:}|
00000000  64 00 00 00 07 00 00 00  88 61 07 07 64 fa b2 00  |d........a..d...|

00000010  43 00 6f 00 6e 00 74 00  72 00 6f 00 6c 00 65 00  |C.o.n.t.r.o.l.e.|
00000020  70 00 75 00 6e 00 74 00  20 00 76 00 61 00 6e 00  |p.u.n.t. .v.a.n.|
00000030  20 00 73 00 79 00 73 00  74 00 65 00 65 00 6d 00  | .s.y.s.t.e.e.m.|
00000040  00 00                                             |....p...A..|8...|

00000040        07 07 70 fd b2 00  41 00 91 7c 38 0b 09 00  |....p...A..|8...|
00000050  5d 00 91 7c 00 00 00 00  00 d5 11 00 00 00 00 00  |]..|............|
00000060  d8 fc b2 00 c4 2c 7e 7c  58 59 0d 00 38 e7 11 00  |.....,~|XY..8...|
00000070  30 75 00 00 fe ff ff ff  f0 fc b2 00 85 32 56 42  |0u...........2VB|
00000080  00 00 00 00 00 00 09 00  30 75 00 00 fc fc b2 00  |........0u......|
00000090  00 00 00 00 b8 00 91 7c  30 9d 88 05 c8 fd b2 00  |.......|0.......|
000000a0  41 00 91 7c 48 07 09 00  5d 00 91 7c 1c fd b2 00  |A..|H...]..|....|
000000b0  00 00 00 00 b8 00 91 7c  68 88 29 07 e8 fd b2 00  |.......|h.).....|
000000c0  41 00 91 7c e8 06 09 00  5d 00 91 7c 00 00 00 00  |A..|....]..|....|
000000d0  00 d5 11 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 09 00 34 70 5c 77  |............4p\w|
000000e0  80 48 0e 77 68 61 07 07  00 00 00 00 78 fd b2 00  |.H.wha......x...|
000000f0  3e ad 01 00 19 00 00 00  0b 00 00 00 44 61 07 07  |>...........Da..|
00000100  70 fe b2 00 20 e9 90 7c  20 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff  |p... ..| .......|
00000110  5d 00 91 7c 6f c6 59 42  00 00 09 00 00 00 00 00  |]..|o.YB........|
00000120  30 61 07 07 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 80 b1 e6 06  |0a..............|
00000130  5c 08 00 00 2c 08 00 00  58 00 00 00 cc fd 00 00  |\...,...X.......|
00000140  00 00 09 00 9c fb b2 00  36 14 4c 77 00 00 00 00  |........6.Lw....|
00000150  10 fe b2 00 e8 77 5c 77  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.....w\w........|
00000160  70 db c2 06 ac fd b2 00  2c a3 09 00 70 fe b2 00  |p.......,...p...|
00000170  79 4d 5b 77 00 00 00 00  10 fe b2 00 70 db c2 06  |yM[w........p...|
00000180  00 00 00 00 00 c0 fd 7f  48 fe b2 00 2a 26 7d 7c  |........H...*&}||
00000190  04 fe b2 00 00 26 7d 7c  5c 08 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.....&}|\.......|
000001a0  00 00 00 00 14 00 00 00  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001b0  00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001c0  00 a0 fd 7f 00 c0 fd 7f  18 fe b2 00 02 01 00 00  |................|
000001d0  f8 fd b2 00 fc fd b2 00  c8 fe b2 00 48 9b 80 7c  |............H..||
000001e0  08 26 7d 7c ff ff ff ff  00 26 7d 7c 42 25 7d 7c  |.&}|.....&}|B%}||
000001f0  5c 08 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 78 fe b2 00  |\...........x...|
00000200  6b 0f 13 75 5c 08 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |k..u\...........|

4.2. Corresponding Registry keys

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\WindowsNT\CurrentVersion\SystemRestore

4.3. Machine GUID

On Windows XP SP2 the machine GUID can be found in:

%SytemRoot%\System32\Restore\MachineGUID.txt

Appendix B: GNU Free Documentation License

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It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

4. MODIFICATIONS

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

  1. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.

  2. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.

  3. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher.

  4. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

  5. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.

  6. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.

  7. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license notice.

  8. Include an unaltered copy of this License.

  9. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.

  10. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.

  11. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.

  12. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

  13. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.

  14. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

  15. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".

6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

8. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.

9. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.

However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.

Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.

Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not give you any rights to use it.

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.

11. RELICENSING

"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.

"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published by that same organization.

"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in part, as part of another Document.

An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this License, and if all works that were first published under this License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.

The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.