diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 40946b9..ab37a66 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -385,7 +385,11 @@ jobs:
             --mountpoint ./fusemnt \
             --namespaces "db=test" &
           sleep 1
-          ./speedtest1 ./fusemnt/db
+          set +e
+          ./speedtest1 ./fusemnt/db 2>&1 | tee log
+          set -e
+          grep "SQL error: no such table: t1" log
+          echo "Got the expected error."
   build-ycsb:
     name: Build ycsb
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
diff --git a/mvfs/src/vfs.rs b/mvfs/src/vfs.rs
index a18b003..13b5152 100644
--- a/mvfs/src/vfs.rs
+++ b/mvfs/src/vfs.rs
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ impl MultiVersionVfs {
             fixed_version,
             txn: None,
             lock: LockKind::None,
+            commit_confirmed: false,
             history: TransitionHistory::default(),
             sector_size: self.sector_size,
             first_page,
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ pub struct Connection {
     fixed_version: Option<String>,
     txn: Option<Transaction>,
     lock: LockKind,
+    commit_confirmed: bool,
     history: TransitionHistory,
     sector_size: usize,
 
@@ -368,7 +370,7 @@ impl Connection {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn finalize_transaction(&mut self) -> bool {
+    async fn finalize_transaction(&mut self, commit: bool) -> bool {
         if self.write_buffer.len() > WRITE_CHUNK_SIZE.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
             self.force_flush_write_buffer().await;
         }
@@ -394,15 +396,25 @@ impl Connection {
             .chain(self.write_buffer.keys().copied())
             .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
 
-        if self.fixed_version.is_some() {
+        let mut discard_reason: Option<&'static str> = None;
+
+        if !commit {
+            // sqlite didn't confirm to commit
+            discard_reason = Some("did not receive confirmation from sqlite");
+        } else if self.fixed_version.is_some() {
             // Disallow write to snapshot
+            discard_reason = Some("write to snapshot is dropped");
+        }
+
+        if let Some(discard_reason) = discard_reason {
             for index in &dirty_pages {
                 self.page_cache.invalidate(index);
             }
             self.write_buffer.clear();
             tracing::warn!(
                 dirty_page_count = dirty_pages.len(),
-                "discarding write to snapshot"
+                reason = discard_reason,
+                "discarding transaction"
             );
             return true;
         }
@@ -654,6 +666,7 @@ impl Connection {
             self.virtual_version_counter = self.virtual_version_counter.wrapping_add(2);
         }
         self.lock = lock;
+        assert!(!self.commit_confirmed);
 
         Ok(true)
     }
@@ -669,7 +682,9 @@ impl Connection {
 
         let reserved_level = LockKind::Reserved.level();
         let commit_ok = if prev_lock.level() >= reserved_level && lock.level() < reserved_level {
-            self.finalize_transaction().await
+            let commit_confirmed = self.commit_confirmed;
+            self.commit_confirmed = false;
+            self.finalize_transaction(commit_confirmed).await
         } else {
             true
         };
@@ -683,6 +698,11 @@ impl Connection {
         Ok(commit_ok)
     }
 
+    pub fn confirm_commit(&mut self) {
+        assert!(!self.commit_confirmed);
+        self.commit_confirmed = true;
+    }
+
     pub fn reserved(&mut self) -> Result<bool, std::io::Error> {
         Ok(false)
     }
diff --git a/mvsqlite/src/sqlite_vfs/mod.rs b/mvsqlite/src/sqlite_vfs/mod.rs
index ba954c0..4543246 100644
--- a/mvsqlite/src/sqlite_vfs/mod.rs
+++ b/mvsqlite/src/sqlite_vfs/mod.rs
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ pub trait DatabaseHandle: Sync {
         self.lock(lock)
     }
 
+    fn commit_phasetwo(&mut self) {}
+
     /// Check if the database this handle points to holds a [LockKind::Reserved],
     /// [LockKind::Pending] or [LockKind::Exclusive] lock.
     fn reserved(&mut self) -> Result<bool, std::io::Error>;
@@ -1392,7 +1394,10 @@ mod io {
 
             // Sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately but before the
             // database is unlocked. Silently ignored.
-            ffi::SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO => ffi::SQLITE_OK,
+            ffi::SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO => {
+                state.file.commit_phasetwo();
+                ffi::SQLITE_OK
+            }
 
             // Used for debugging. Swap the file handle with the one pointed to by the pArg
             // argument. This capability is used during testing and only needs to be supported when
diff --git a/mvsqlite/src/vfs.rs b/mvsqlite/src/vfs.rs
index 2a3e658..513ddbd 100644
--- a/mvsqlite/src/vfs.rs
+++ b/mvsqlite/src/vfs.rs
@@ -103,6 +103,10 @@ impl DatabaseHandle for Connection {
         self.io.run(async { self.inner.unlock(lock.into()).await })
     }
 
+    fn commit_phasetwo(&mut self) {
+        self.inner.confirm_commit();
+    }
+
     fn reserved(&mut self) -> Result<bool, std::io::Error> {
         Ok(false)
     }
@@ -155,6 +159,10 @@ impl<W: WalIndex + 'static> DatabaseHandle for Box<dyn DatabaseHandle<WalIndex =
         (**self).unlock(lock)
     }
 
+    fn commit_phasetwo(&mut self) {
+        (**self).commit_phasetwo()
+    }
+
     fn reserved(&mut self) -> Result<bool, std::io::Error> {
         (**self).reserved()
     }