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PunkVAE: Variational Autoencoder for CryptoPunks

PunkVAE is a generative model based on a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) architecture designed to generate new CryptoPunks from a latent space. By learning to encode and reconstruct 128x128 (RGB) CryptoPunks, the model creates new and unique CryptoPunk images when decoding from the latent space.

Project Setup

This project uses Poetry for dependency management. To get started:

cd model
poetry install
poetry run jupyter notebook

Dataset

The model is trained on the huggingnft/cryptopunks dataset, which consists of 128x128x3 pixel images of CryptoPunks. The dataset is split into 80% for training and 20% for testing.

Model Architecture and Hyperparameters

Encoder and Decoder:

  • 4 Convolutional Layers (Encoder):

    • Layer 1: 32 filters, 3x3 kernel, ReLU activation, Max Pooling, and 38% Dropout.
    • Layer 2: 64 filters, 3x3 kernel, ReLU activation, Max Pooling, and 38% Dropout.
    • Layer 3: 128 filters, 3x3 kernel, ReLU activation, Max Pooling, and 38% Dropout.
    • Layer 4: 256 filters, 3x3 kernel, ReLU activation, Max Pooling, and 38% Dropout.
    • These layers capture and compress features from the input image, progressively reducing its dimensionality.

  • Fully Connected Layers (Latent Space):

    • fc1: Projects the flattened output from the convolutional layers (256 * 8 * 8) to a 512-dimensional vector.
    • fc_mean & fc_logvar: Map the 512-dimensional vector to the latent dimension (256), representing the mean and log-variance of the latent distribution. These layers facilitate the transition from high-level features to the latent space, defining the parameters of the Gaussian distribution from which latent variables are sampled.
    • Latent Dimension: 256.
    • The latent space encodes the compressed representation of the input image, serving as the basis for generating new CryptoPunks. The VAE learns to balance compression while maintaining useful image features.

  • 4 Transposed Convolutional Layers (Decoder):

    • Layer 1: 128 filters, 3x3 kernel, ReLU activation, and 36% Dropout.
    • Layer 2: 64 filters, 3x3 kernel, ReLU activation, and 36% Dropout.
    • Layer 3: 32 filters, 3x3 kernel, ReLU activation, and 36% Dropout.
    • Layer 4: 3 filters, 3x3 kernel, Sigmoid activation for output.
    • These layers reconstruct the image from the latent representation, gradually upsampling the data to its original dimensions.

Loss Function and Optimization:

  • MSE Loss: Measures the pixel-wise difference between the original and reconstructed images. A lower MSE indicates more accurate reconstructions.
  • KL Divergence: Encourages the distribution of latent variables to approximate a standard Gaussian distribution, facilitating the generation of new, diverse images. The beta coefficient of 3.4 balances the reconstruction accuracy with the regularization effect.
  • Optimizer:
    • Adam: Used for its adaptive learning rate and efficient convergence.
    • Learning Rate: Set to 0.0008, chosen to balance between fast convergence and stable training.

Training:

  • Batch Size: 64. This batch size provides a good balance between training stability and memory efficiency. (This was all trained on an M1 Pro's Metal Performance Shaders!)
  • Epochs: 30. This number of epochs is selected to allow the model sufficient time to learn meaningful representations without overfitting the model and/or decreasing the value of the KL Divergence value.

Future Roadmap for PunkVAE

  • PunkVAE -> PunktrVAE:
    • Transition the model from a Variational Autoencoder to a transfer Variational Autoencoder with faces. This will require combining another training dataset and training with transfer learning.
    • Serving the model on an ML inference API (Amazon SageMaker? Hugging Face? Who knows...)
    • Developing a full-stack app that allows you to take your face portrait and turn it into a CryptoPunk!

License

  • This project is licensed via GPLv3.