diff --git a/Lib/multiprocessing/pool.py b/Lib/multiprocessing/pool.py
index bbe05a550c349c..961d7e5991847a 100644
--- a/Lib/multiprocessing/pool.py
+++ b/Lib/multiprocessing/pool.py
@@ -203,6 +203,9 @@ def __init__(self, processes=None, initializer=None, initargs=(),
             processes = os.cpu_count() or 1
         if processes < 1:
             raise ValueError("Number of processes must be at least 1")
+        if maxtasksperchild is not None:
+            if not isinstance(maxtasksperchild, int) or maxtasksperchild <= 0:
+                raise ValueError("maxtasksperchild must be a positive int or None")
 
         if initializer is not None and not callable(initializer):
             raise TypeError('initializer must be a callable')
diff --git a/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py b/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
index 1b55cb31c30304..ba488b17920ef7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
+++ b/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
@@ -2805,6 +2805,11 @@ def test_pool_worker_lifetime_early_close(self):
         for (j, res) in enumerate(results):
             self.assertEqual(res.get(), sqr(j))
 
+    def test_pool_maxtasksperchild_invalid(self):
+        for value in [0, -1, 0.5, "12"]:
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                multiprocessing.Pool(3, maxtasksperchild=value)
+
     def test_worker_finalization_via_atexit_handler_of_multiprocessing(self):
         # tests cases against bpo-38744 and bpo-39360
         cmd = '''if 1:
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2022-05-30-21-42-50.gh-issue-83658.01Ntx0.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2022-05-30-21-42-50.gh-issue-83658.01Ntx0.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..a1873095409803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2022-05-30-21-42-50.gh-issue-83658.01Ntx0.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Make :class:`multiprocessing.Pool` raise an exception if ``maxtasksperchild`` is not ``None`` or a positive int.