diff --git a/docs/release_notes/release_notes-0.16.0.rst b/docs/release_notes/release_notes-0.16.0.rst
index dee5bd05f85..ce9c481baba 100644
--- a/docs/release_notes/release_notes-0.16.0.rst
+++ b/docs/release_notes/release_notes-0.16.0.rst
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ Key Features and Updates
   * REFACTOR-#4530: Standardize access to physical data in partitions (#4563)
   * REFACTOR-#4534: Replace logging meta class with class decorator (#4535)
   * REFACTOR-#4708: Delete combine dtypes (#4709)
+  * REFACTOR-#4629: Add type annotations to modin/config (#4685)
 * Pandas API implementations and improvements
   * FEAT-#4670: Implement convert_dtypes by mapping across partitions (#4671)
 * OmniSci enhancements
diff --git a/modin/config/__main__.py b/modin/config/__main__.py
index fa17599de4a..17bb07ebac0 100644
--- a/modin/config/__main__.py
+++ b/modin/config/__main__.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 import argparse
 
 
-def print_config_help():
+def print_config_help() -> None:
     """Print configs help messages."""
     for objname in sorted(globals()):
         obj = globals()[objname]
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def print_config_help():
             print(f"{obj.get_help()}\n\tCurrent value: {obj.get()}")  # noqa: T201
 
 
-def export_config_help(filename: str):
+def export_config_help(filename: str) -> None:
     """
     Export all configs help messages to the CSV file.
 
@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ def export_config_help(filename: str):
                 if obj.__name__ != "RayRedisPassword"
                 else "random string",
                 # `Notes` `-` underlining can't be correctly parsed inside csv table by sphinx
-                "Description": dedent(obj.__doc__).replace("Notes\n-----", "Notes:\n"),
+                "Description": dedent(obj.__doc__ or "").replace(
+                    "Notes\n-----", "Notes:\n"
+                ),
                 "Options": obj.choices,
             }
             configs_data.append(data)
diff --git a/modin/config/envvars.py b/modin/config/envvars.py
index db6b86b3d8e..e1d39d699b1 100644
--- a/modin/config/envvars.py
+++ b/modin/config/envvars.py
@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@
 import secrets
 
 from .pubsub import Parameter, _TYPE_PARAMS, ExactStr, ValueSource
+from typing import Optional
 
 
 class EnvironmentVariable(Parameter, type=str, abstract=True):
     """Base class for environment variables-based configuration."""
 
-    varname: str = None
+    varname: Optional[str] = None
 
     @classmethod
     def _get_raw_from_config(cls) -> str:
@@ -40,9 +41,13 @@ def _get_raw_from_config(cls) -> str:
 
         Raises
         ------
+        TypeError
+            If `varname` is None.
         KeyError
             If value is absent.
         """
+        if cls.varname is None:
+            raise TypeError("varname should not be None")
         return os.environ[cls.varname]
 
     @classmethod
@@ -73,7 +78,7 @@ class Engine(EnvironmentVariable, type=str):
     choices = ("Ray", "Dask", "Python", "Native")
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_default(cls):
+    def _get_default(cls) -> str:
         """
         Get default value of the config.
 
@@ -170,7 +175,7 @@ class CpuCount(EnvironmentVariable, type=int):
     varname = "MODIN_CPUS"
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_default(cls):
+    def _get_default(cls) -> int:
         """
         Get default value of the config.
 
@@ -208,7 +213,7 @@ class NPartitions(EnvironmentVariable, type=int):
     varname = "MODIN_NPARTITIONS"
 
     @classmethod
-    def _put(cls, value):
+    def _put(cls, value: int) -> None:
         """
         Put specific value if NPartitions wasn't set by a user yet.
 
@@ -226,7 +231,7 @@ def _put(cls, value):
             cls.put(value)
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_default(cls):
+    def _get_default(cls) -> int:
         """
         Get default value of the config.
 
@@ -318,17 +323,17 @@ class ProgressBar(EnvironmentVariable, type=bool):
     default = False
 
     @classmethod
-    def enable(cls):
+    def enable(cls) -> None:
         """Enable ``ProgressBar`` feature."""
         cls.put(True)
 
     @classmethod
-    def disable(cls):
+    def disable(cls) -> None:
         """Disable ``ProgressBar`` feature."""
         cls.put(False)
 
     @classmethod
-    def put(cls, value):
+    def put(cls, value: bool) -> None:
         """
         Set ``ProgressBar`` value only if synchronous benchmarking is disabled.
 
@@ -349,7 +354,7 @@ class BenchmarkMode(EnvironmentVariable, type=bool):
     default = False
 
     @classmethod
-    def put(cls, value):
+    def put(cls, value: bool) -> None:
         """
         Set ``BenchmarkMode`` value only if progress bar feature is disabled.
 
@@ -371,17 +376,17 @@ class LogMode(EnvironmentVariable, type=ExactStr):
     default = "disable"
 
     @classmethod
-    def enable(cls):
+    def enable(cls) -> None:
         """Enable all logging levels."""
         cls.put("enable")
 
     @classmethod
-    def disable(cls):
+    def disable(cls) -> None:
         """Disable logging feature."""
         cls.put("disable")
 
     @classmethod
-    def enable_api_only(cls):
+    def enable_api_only(cls) -> None:
         """Enable API level logging."""
         cls.put("enable_api_only")
 
@@ -393,7 +398,7 @@ class LogMemoryInterval(EnvironmentVariable, type=int):
     default = 5
 
     @classmethod
-    def put(cls, value):
+    def put(cls, value: int) -> None:
         """
         Set ``LogMemoryInterval`` with extra checks.
 
@@ -427,7 +432,7 @@ class LogFileSize(EnvironmentVariable, type=int):
     default = 10
 
     @classmethod
-    def put(cls, value):
+    def put(cls, value: int) -> None:
         """
         Set ``LogFileSize`` with extra checks.
 
@@ -484,7 +489,7 @@ class OmnisciLaunchParameters(EnvironmentVariable, type=dict):
     }
 
     @classmethod
-    def get(self):
+    def get(self) -> dict:
         """
         Get the resulted command-line options.
 
@@ -515,7 +520,7 @@ class MinPartitionSize(EnvironmentVariable, type=int):
     default = 32
 
     @classmethod
-    def put(cls, value):
+    def put(cls, value: int) -> None:
         """
         Set ``MinPartitionSize`` with extra checks.
 
@@ -529,7 +534,7 @@ def put(cls, value):
         super().put(value)
 
     @classmethod
-    def get(cls):
+    def get(cls) -> int:
         """
         Get ``MinPartitionSize`` with extra checks.
 
@@ -564,7 +569,7 @@ class ReadSqlEngine(EnvironmentVariable, type=str):
     choices = ("Pandas", "Connectorx")
 
 
-def _check_vars():
+def _check_vars() -> None:
     """
     Check validity of environment variables.
 
diff --git a/modin/config/pubsub.py b/modin/config/pubsub.py
index 3927ff56e0f..0262ae1a7f7 100644
--- a/modin/config/pubsub.py
+++ b/modin/config/pubsub.py
@@ -13,11 +13,12 @@
 
 """Module houses ``Parameter`` class - base class for all configs."""
 
-import collections
-import typing
+from collections import defaultdict
+from enum import IntEnum
+from typing import Any, Callable, DefaultDict, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence
 
 
-class TypeDescriptor(typing.NamedTuple):
+class TypeDescriptor(NamedTuple):
     """
     Class for config data manipulating of exact type.
 
@@ -35,9 +36,9 @@ class TypeDescriptor(typing.NamedTuple):
         Class description string.
     """
 
-    decode: typing.Callable[[str], object]
-    normalize: typing.Callable[[object], object]
-    verify: typing.Callable[[object], bool]
+    decode: Callable[[str], object]
+    normalize: Callable[[object], object]
+    verify: Callable[[object], bool]
     help: str
 
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ class ExactStr(str):
 _TYPE_PARAMS = {
     str: TypeDescriptor(
         decode=lambda value: value.strip().title(),
-        normalize=lambda value: value.strip().title(),
+        normalize=lambda value: str(value).strip().title(),
         verify=lambda value: True,
         help="a case-insensitive string",
     ),
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ class ExactStr(str):
     ),
     int: TypeDescriptor(
         decode=lambda value: int(value.strip()),
-        normalize=int,
+        normalize=int,  # type: ignore
         verify=lambda value: isinstance(value, int)
         or (isinstance(value, str) and value.strip().isdigit()),
         help="an integer value",
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ class ExactStr(str):
         if isinstance(value, dict)
         else {
             key: int(val) if val.isdigit() else val
-            for key_value in value.split(",")
+            for key_value in str(value).split(",")
             for key, val in [[v.strip() for v in key_value.split("=", maxsplit=1)]]
         },
         verify=lambda value: isinstance(value, dict)
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ class ExactStr(str):
 _UNSET = object()
 
 
-class ValueSource:
+class ValueSource(IntEnum):  # noqa: PR01
     """Class that describes the method of getting the value for a parameter."""
 
     # got from default, i.e. neither user nor configuration source had the value
@@ -122,24 +123,27 @@ class Parameter(object):
 
     Attributes
     ----------
-    choices : sequence of str
+    choices : Optional[Sequence[str]]
         Array with possible options of ``Parameter`` values.
     type : str
         String that denotes ``Parameter`` type.
-    default : Any
+    default : Optional[Any]
         ``Parameter`` default value.
     is_abstract : bool, default: True
         Whether or not ``Parameter`` is abstract.
-    _value_source : int
+    _value_source : Optional[ValueSource]
         Source of the ``Parameter`` value, should be set by
         ``ValueSource``.
     """
 
-    choices: typing.Sequence[str] = None
+    choices: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None
     type = str
-    default = None
+    default: Optional[Any] = None
     is_abstract = True
-    _value_source = None
+    _value_source: Optional[ValueSource] = None
+    _value: Any = _UNSET
+    _subs: list = []
+    _once: DefaultDict[Any, list] = defaultdict(list)
 
     @classmethod
     def _get_raw_from_config(cls) -> str:
@@ -178,7 +182,7 @@ def get_help(cls) -> str:
         """
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    def __init_subclass__(cls, type, abstract=False, **kw):
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, type: Any, abstract: bool = False, **kw: dict):
         """
         Initialize subclass.
 
@@ -196,11 +200,11 @@ def __init_subclass__(cls, type, abstract=False, **kw):
         cls.is_abstract = abstract
         cls._value = _UNSET
         cls._subs = []
-        cls._once = collections.defaultdict(list)
+        cls._once = defaultdict(list)
         super().__init_subclass__(**kw)
 
     @classmethod
-    def subscribe(cls, callback):
+    def subscribe(cls, callback: Callable) -> None:
         """
         Add `callback` to the `_subs` list and then execute it.
 
@@ -213,7 +217,7 @@ def subscribe(cls, callback):
         callback(cls)
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_default(cls):
+    def _get_default(cls) -> Any:
         """
         Get default value of the config.
 
@@ -224,21 +228,24 @@ def _get_default(cls):
         return cls.default
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_value_source(cls):
+    def get_value_source(cls) -> ValueSource:
         """
         Get value source of the config.
 
         Returns
         -------
-        int
+        ValueSource
         """
         if cls._value_source is None:
             # dummy call to .get() to initialize the value
             cls.get()
+        assert (
+            cls._value_source is not None
+        ), "_value_source must be initialized by now in get()"
         return cls._value_source
 
     @classmethod
-    def get(cls) -> typing.Any:
+    def get(cls) -> Any:
         """
         Get config value.
 
@@ -262,7 +269,7 @@ def get(cls) -> typing.Any:
         return cls._value
 
     @classmethod
-    def put(cls, value):
+    def put(cls, value: Any) -> None:
         """
         Set config value.
 
@@ -275,7 +282,7 @@ def put(cls, value):
         cls._value_source = ValueSource.SET_BY_USER
 
     @classmethod
-    def once(cls, onvalue, callback):
+    def once(cls, onvalue: Any, callback: Callable) -> None:
         """
         Execute `callback` if config value matches `onvalue` value.
 
@@ -296,7 +303,7 @@ def once(cls, onvalue, callback):
             cls._once[onvalue].append(callback)
 
     @classmethod
-    def _put_nocallback(cls, value):
+    def _put_nocallback(cls, value: Any) -> Any:
         """
         Set config value without executing callbacks.
 
@@ -317,7 +324,7 @@ def _put_nocallback(cls, value):
         return oldvalue
 
     @classmethod
-    def _check_callbacks(cls, oldvalue):
+    def _check_callbacks(cls, oldvalue: Any) -> None:
         """
         Execute all needed callbacks if config value was changed.
 
diff --git a/mypy.ini b/mypy.ini
index a21f8e90f32..90ab08cbaab 100644
--- a/mypy.ini
+++ b/mypy.ini
@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ warn_unreachable=True
 
 # We will add more files over time to increase coverage
 ; files = **/modin/*.py
-files = **/modin/logging/*.py
+files = **/modin/config/*.py, **/modin/logging/*.py