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INSTALL.md

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1. Prerequisites

You need dynamically linked libiw from wireless-tools >= 30-pre9 (more older versions may work, but not tested, because 30-pre9 was released roughly 7 years ago, in 2009). You can get it on

http://www.labs.hpe.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/Linux/Tools.html

I.e. you must have libiw.so.XX (where XX>=30) somewhere in [/usr]/lib, and corresponding iwlib.h and wireless.h somewhere in /usr/include.

Also don't forget about gcc, make and libc headers.

For correct and relatively secure operation of these tools, it is recommended to have setcap utility from libcap2. You can get it from

https://sites.google.com/site/fullycapable/

setcap allows you to run iwscan and iwscand under non-privileged user (this utility required only while install stage).

TL;DR: For Debian and derivatives,

    # apt-get install libiw30 libiw-dev libcap2-bin build-essential

must be sufficient.

1.a. Recompiling man pages

Distribution must include pre-compiled manual pages in ./man directory, as well as their sources (./man/*.xml). If you want to re-compile manual pages, you need libxml2 and xsltproc from

http://xmlsoft.org/

http://xmlsoft.org/xslt/

and the Docbook XSL stylesheet distribution (docbook-xsl) from

http://wiki.docbook.org/DocBookXslStylesheets

For Debian and derivatives,

    # apt-get libxml2-utils xsltproc docbook-xsl

must be sufficient.

To recompile man pages, use

    cd ./man && make update-man

1.b. Additional software

Note that above-mentioned libxml2 and xsltproc may be helpful also after installation, i.e. when using iwscan. xmllint allows you to check generated XML for consistency, while xsltproc allows you to transform generated XML in according to certain rules.

Also, if you plan to use generated XML in your Python scripts, it is recommended to consider using lxml, a Python binding for libxml2. See

http://lxml.de/

for details.

2. Compilation

Just say

    make

2.a. Compilation troubleshooting

  • If you got an error like

          iwscan.h:17:21: fatal error: iwlib.h: No such file or directory

    check for libiw headers (see above).

  • If error looks like

          /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -liw

    check for libiw.so.XX (see above).

3. Installation

Just say

    # make install

By default, it installs everything in /usr/local.

For installing into another location, use PREFIX variable, i.e.

    # make install PREFIX=./sandbox

If you want to run iwscan and iwscand without root privileges (recommended), you need to run make install under root, which allows setcap utility (see above) to grant POSIX capability CAP_NET_ADMIN (required for scanning) to our binaries.

If you install binaries with setcap into sandbox, it is recommended to symlink or copy libiwscan.so into /usr/lib or /usr/local/lib, because LD_PRELOAD-ing for binaries with capabilities isn't allowed. E.g.

    # cp -H path/to/sandbox/lib/libiwscan.so.0.1 /usr/lib

or

    # ln -s /full/path/to/sandbox/lib/libiwscan.so.0.1 /usr/lib

As an alternative, you can add /full/path/to/sandbox/lib into your /etc/ld.so.conf file, and then run ldconfig under root.

3.a. Important note

Depends on having setcap and using root for make install, you may get one of two different locations of binary files.

  • You have setcap in root's PATH and run make install as root. In this scenario, iwscan and iwscand will get required capabilities and may run under ordinary user, thus they will be installed into $(PREFIX)/bin.

  • If you don't have setcap or run make install without root privileges,   you hence cannot simply run iwscan and iwscand without root, thus they will be installed into $(PREFIX)/sbin.

Make will say you about that, e.g.

    *** setcap found. You probably can run iwscan and iwscand as user. ***
    *** Installing binaries into /usr/local/bin ***

or

    *** setcap not found. You can run iwscan and iwscand only as root. ***
    *** Installing binaries into /usr/local/sbin ***

Be careful!

BTW, in both cases, manual pages for iwscan and iwscand will be placed in section 1.