listeners.go

// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package caddy

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"
)

// Listen returns a listener suitable for use in a Caddy module.
// Always be sure to close listeners when you are done with them.
func Listen(network, addr string) (net.Listener, error) {
	lnKey := network + "/" + addr

	listenersMu.Lock()
	defer listenersMu.Unlock()

	// if listener already exists, increment usage counter, then return listener
	if lnGlobal, ok := listeners[lnKey]; ok {
		atomic.AddInt32(&lnGlobal.usage, 1)
		return &fakeCloseListener{
			usage:      &lnGlobal.usage,
			deadline:   &lnGlobal.deadline,
			deadlineMu: &lnGlobal.deadlineMu,
			key:        lnKey,
			Listener:   lnGlobal.ln,
		}, nil
	}

	// or, create new one and save it
	ln, err := net.Listen(network, addr)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// make sure to start its usage counter at 1
	lnGlobal := &globalListener{usage: 1, ln: ln}
	listeners[lnKey] = lnGlobal

	return &fakeCloseListener{
		usage:      &lnGlobal.usage,
		deadline:   &lnGlobal.deadline,
		deadlineMu: &lnGlobal.deadlineMu,
		key:        lnKey,
		Listener:   ln,
	}, nil
}

// ListenPacket returns a net.PacketConn suitable for use in a Caddy module.
// Always be sure to close the PacketConn when you are done.
func ListenPacket(network, addr string) (net.PacketConn, error) {
	lnKey := network + "/" + addr

	listenersMu.Lock()
	defer listenersMu.Unlock()

	// if listener already exists, increment usage counter, then return listener
	if lnGlobal, ok := listeners[lnKey]; ok {
		atomic.AddInt32(&lnGlobal.usage, 1)
		log.Printf("[DEBUG] %s: Usage counter should not go above 2 or maybe 3, is now: %d", lnKey, atomic.LoadInt32(&lnGlobal.usage)) // TODO: remove
		return &fakeClosePacketConn{usage: &lnGlobal.usage, key: lnKey, PacketConn: lnGlobal.pc}, nil
	}

	// or, create new one and save it
	pc, err := net.ListenPacket(network, addr)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// make sure to start its usage counter at 1
	lnGlobal := &globalListener{usage: 1, pc: pc}
	listeners[lnKey] = lnGlobal

	return &fakeClosePacketConn{usage: &lnGlobal.usage, key: lnKey, PacketConn: pc}, nil
}

// fakeCloseListener's Close() method is a no-op. This allows
// stopping servers that are using the listener without giving
// up the socket; thus, servers become hot-swappable while the
// listener remains running. Listeners should be re-wrapped in
// a new fakeCloseListener each time the listener is reused.
// Other than the 'closed' field (which pertains to this value
// only), the other fields in this struct should be pointers to
// the associated globalListener's struct fields (except 'key'
// which is there for read-only purposes, so it can be a copy).
type fakeCloseListener struct {
	closed       int32       // accessed atomically; belongs to this struct only
	usage        *int32      // accessed atomically; global
	deadline     *bool       // protected by deadlineMu; global
	deadlineMu   *sync.Mutex // global
	key          string      // global, but read-only, so can be copy
	net.Listener             // global
}

// Accept accepts connections until Close() is called.
func (fcl *fakeCloseListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
	// if the listener is already "closed", return error
	if atomic.LoadInt32(&fcl.closed) == 1 {
		return nil, fcl.fakeClosedErr()
	}

	// wrap underlying accept
	conn, err := fcl.Listener.Accept()
	if err == nil {
		return conn, nil
	}

	// accept returned with error
	// TODO: This may be better as a condition variable so the deadline is cleared only once?
	fcl.deadlineMu.Lock()
	if *fcl.deadline {
		switch ln := fcl.Listener.(type) {
		case *net.TCPListener:
			ln.SetDeadline(time.Time{})
		case *net.UnixListener:
			ln.SetDeadline(time.Time{})
		}
		*fcl.deadline = false
	}
	fcl.deadlineMu.Unlock()

	if atomic.LoadInt32(&fcl.closed) == 1 {
		// if we canceled the Accept() by setting a deadline
		// on the listener, we need to make sure any callers of
		// Accept() think the listener was actually closed;
		// if we return the timeout error instead, callers might
		// simply retry, leaking goroutines for longer
		if netErr, ok := err.(net.Error); ok && netErr.Timeout() {
			return nil, fcl.fakeClosedErr()
		}
	}

	return nil, err
}

// Close stops accepting new connections without
// closing the underlying listener, unless no one
// else is using it.
func (fcl *fakeCloseListener) Close() error {
	if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&fcl.closed, 0, 1) {
		// unfortunately, there is no way to cancel any
		// currently-blocking calls to Accept() that are
		// awaiting connections since we're not actually
		// closing the listener; so we cheat by setting
		// a deadline in the past, which forces it to
		// time out; note that this only works for
		// certain types of listeners...
		fcl.deadlineMu.Lock()
		if !*fcl.deadline {
			switch ln := fcl.Listener.(type) {
			case *net.TCPListener:
				ln.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Minute))
			case *net.UnixListener:
				ln.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Minute))
			}
			*fcl.deadline = true
		}
		fcl.deadlineMu.Unlock()

		// since we're no longer using this listener,
		// decrement the usage counter and, if no one
		// else is using it, close underlying listener
		if atomic.AddInt32(fcl.usage, -1) == 0 {
			listenersMu.Lock()
			delete(listeners, fcl.key)
			listenersMu.Unlock()
			err := fcl.Listener.Close()
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}

	}

	return nil
}

func (fcl *fakeCloseListener) fakeClosedErr() error {
	return &net.OpError{
		Op:   "accept",
		Net:  fcl.Listener.Addr().Network(),
		Addr: fcl.Listener.Addr(),
		Err:  errFakeClosed,
	}
}

type fakeClosePacketConn struct {
	closed int32  // accessed atomically
	usage  *int32 // accessed atomically
	key    string
	net.PacketConn
}

func (fcpc *fakeClosePacketConn) Close() error {
	log.Println("[DEBUG] Fake-closing underlying packet conn") // TODO: remove this

	if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&fcpc.closed, 0, 1) {
		// since we're no longer using this listener,
		// decrement the usage counter and, if no one
		// else is using it, close underlying listener
		if atomic.AddInt32(fcpc.usage, -1) == 0 {
			listenersMu.Lock()
			delete(listeners, fcpc.key)
			listenersMu.Unlock()
			err := fcpc.PacketConn.Close()
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// ErrFakeClosed is the underlying error value returned by
// fakeCloseListener.Accept() after Close() has been called,
// indicating that it is pretending to be closed so that the
// server using it can terminate, while the underlying
// socket is actually left open.
var errFakeClosed = fmt.Errorf("listener 'closed' 😉")

// globalListener keeps global state for a listener
// that may be shared by multiple servers. In other
// words, values in this struct exist only once and
// all other uses of these values point to the ones
// in this struct. In particular, the usage count
// (how many callers are using the listener), the
// actual listener, and synchronization of the
// listener's deadline changes are singular, global
// values that must not be copied.
type globalListener struct {
	usage      int32 // accessed atomically
	deadline   bool
	deadlineMu sync.Mutex
	ln         net.Listener
	pc         net.PacketConn
}

// NetworkAddress contains the individual components
// for a parsed network address of the form accepted
// by ParseNetworkAddress(). Network should be a
// network value accepted by Go's net package. Port
// ranges are given by [StartPort, EndPort].
type NetworkAddress struct {
	Network   string
	Host      string
	StartPort uint
	EndPort   uint
}

// IsUnixNetwork returns true if na.Network is
// unix, unixgram, or unixpacket.
func (na NetworkAddress) IsUnixNetwork() bool {
	return isUnixNetwork(na.Network)
}

// JoinHostPort is like net.JoinHostPort, but where the port
// is StartPort + offset.
func (na NetworkAddress) JoinHostPort(offset uint) string {
	if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
		return na.Host
	}
	return net.JoinHostPort(na.Host, strconv.Itoa(int(na.StartPort+offset)))
}

// PortRangeSize returns how many ports are in
// pa's port range. Port ranges are inclusive,
// so the size is the difference of start and
// end ports plus one.
func (na NetworkAddress) PortRangeSize() uint {
	return (na.EndPort - na.StartPort) + 1
}

func (na NetworkAddress) isLoopback() bool {
	if na.IsUnixNetwork() {
		return true
	}
	if na.Host == "localhost" {
		return true
	}
	if ip := net.ParseIP(na.Host); ip != nil {
		return ip.IsLoopback()
	}
	return false
}

func (na NetworkAddress) isWildcardInterface() bool {
	if na.Host == "" {
		return true
	}
	if ip := net.ParseIP(na.Host); ip != nil {
		return ip.IsUnspecified()
	}
	return false
}

func (na NetworkAddress) port() string {
	if na.StartPort == na.EndPort {
		return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(na.StartPort), 10)
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%d-%d", na.StartPort, na.EndPort)
}

// String reconstructs the address string to the form expected
// by ParseNetworkAddress(). If the address is a unix socket,
// any non-zero port will be dropped.
func (na NetworkAddress) String() string {
	return JoinNetworkAddress(na.Network, na.Host, na.port())
}

func isUnixNetwork(netw string) bool {
	return netw == "unix" || netw == "unixgram" || netw == "unixpacket"
}

// ParseNetworkAddress parses addr into its individual
// components. The input string is expected to be of
// the form "network/host:port-range" where any part is
// optional. The default network, if unspecified, is tcp.
// Port ranges are inclusive.
//
// Network addresses are distinct from URLs and do not
// use URL syntax.
func ParseNetworkAddress(addr string) (NetworkAddress, error) {
	var host, port string
	network, host, port, err := SplitNetworkAddress(addr)
	if network == "" {
		network = "tcp"
	}
	if err != nil {
		return NetworkAddress{}, err
	}
	if isUnixNetwork(network) {
		return NetworkAddress{
			Network: network,
			Host:    host,
		}, nil
	}
	ports := strings.SplitN(port, "-", 2)
	if len(ports) == 1 {
		ports = append(ports, ports[0])
	}
	var start, end uint64
	start, err = strconv.ParseUint(ports[0], 10, 16)
	if err != nil {
		return NetworkAddress{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid start port: %v", err)
	}
	end, err = strconv.ParseUint(ports[1], 10, 16)
	if err != nil {
		return NetworkAddress{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid end port: %v", err)
	}
	if end < start {
		return NetworkAddress{}, fmt.Errorf("end port must not be less than start port")
	}
	if (end - start) > maxPortSpan {
		return NetworkAddress{}, fmt.Errorf("port range exceeds %d ports", maxPortSpan)
	}
	return NetworkAddress{
		Network:   network,
		Host:      host,
		StartPort: uint(start),
		EndPort:   uint(end),
	}, nil
}

// SplitNetworkAddress splits a into its network, host, and port components.
// Note that port may be a port range (:X-Y), or omitted for unix sockets.
func SplitNetworkAddress(a string) (network, host, port string, err error) {
	if idx := strings.Index(a, "/"); idx >= 0 {
		network = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(a[:idx]))
		a = a[idx+1:]
	}
	if isUnixNetwork(network) {
		host = a
		return
	}
	host, port, err = net.SplitHostPort(a)
	return
}

// JoinNetworkAddress combines network, host, and port into a single
// address string of the form accepted by ParseNetworkAddress(). For
// unix sockets, the network should be "unix" (or "unixgram" or
// "unixpacket") and the path to the socket should be given as the
// host parameter.
func JoinNetworkAddress(network, host, port string) string {
	var a string
	if network != "" {
		a = network + "/"
	}
	if (host != "" && port == "") || isUnixNetwork(network) {
		a += host
	} else if port != "" {
		a += net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
	}
	return a
}

// ListenerWrapper is a type that wraps a listener
// so it can modify the input listener's methods.
// Modules that implement this interface are found
// in the caddy.listeners namespace. Usually, to
// wrap a listener, you will define your own struct
// type that embeds the input listener, then
// implement your own methods that you want to wrap,
// calling the underlying listener's methods where
// appropriate.
type ListenerWrapper interface {
	WrapListener(net.Listener) net.Listener
}

var (
	listeners   = make(map[string]*globalListener)
	listenersMu sync.Mutex
)

const maxPortSpan = 65535