doc: move module core module doc to separate page

The `module` core module is available for both CJS and ESM users, it
deserves its own page.

PR-URL: #34747
Refs: nodejs/modules#539
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>

.eslintrc.js

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ module.exports = {
     {
       files: [
         'doc/api/esm.md',
+        'doc/api/module.md',
         'doc/api/modules.md',
         'doc/api/packages.md',
         'test/es-module/test-esm-type-flag.js',

doc/api/deprecations.md

@@ -2644,7 +2644,7 @@ const moduleParents = Object.values(require.cache)
 [`http.request()`]: http.html#http_http_request_options_callback
 [`https.get()`]: https.html#https_https_get_options_callback
 [`https.request()`]: https.html#https_https_request_options_callback
-[`module.createRequire()`]: modules.html#modules_module_createrequire_filename
+[`module.createRequire()`]: module.html#module_module_createrequire_filename
 [`os.networkInterfaces()`]: os.html#os_os_networkinterfaces
 [`os.tmpdir()`]: os.html#os_os_tmpdir
 [`process.env`]: process.html#process_process_env

doc/api/esm.md

@@ -1278,8 +1278,8 @@ success!
 [`import()`]: #esm_import_expressions
 [`import.meta.url`]: #esm_import_meta
 [`import`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/import
-[`module.createRequire()`]: modules.html#modules_module_createrequire_filename
-[`module.syncBuiltinESMExports()`]: modules.html#modules_module_syncbuiltinesmexports
+[`module.createRequire()`]: module.html#module_module_createrequire_filename
+[`module.syncBuiltinESMExports()`]: module.html#module_module_syncbuiltinesmexports
 [`transformSource` hook]: #esm_transformsource_source_context_defaulttransformsource
 [`ArrayBuffer`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/ArrayBuffer
 [`SharedArrayBuffer`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/SharedArrayBuffer

doc/api/index.md

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 * [Internationalization](intl.html)
 * [Modules: CommonJS modules](modules.html)
 * [Modules: ECMAScript modules](esm.html)
+* [Modules: `module` API](module.html)
 * [Modules: Packages](packages.html)
 * [Net](net.html)
 * [OS](os.html)

doc/api/module.md

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+# Modules: `module` API
+
+<!--introduced_in=v0.3.7-->
+
+## The `Module` object
+
+* {Object}
+
+Provides general utility methods when interacting with instances of
+`Module`, the `module` variable often seen in file modules. Accessed
+via `require('module')`.
+
+### `module.builtinModules`
+<!-- YAML
+added:
+  - v9.3.0
+  - v8.10.0
+  - v6.13.0
+-->
+
+* {string[]}
+
+A list of the names of all modules provided by Node.js. Can be used to verify
+if a module is maintained by a third party or not.
+
+`module` in this context isn't the same object that's provided
+by the [module wrapper][]. To access it, require the `Module` module:
+
+```js
+const builtin = require('module').builtinModules;
+```
+
+### `module.createRequire(filename)`
+<!-- YAML
+added: v12.2.0
+-->
+
+* `filename` {string|URL} Filename to be used to construct the require
+  function. Must be a file URL object, file URL string, or absolute path
+  string.
+* Returns: {require} Require function
+
+```js
+import { createRequire } from 'module';
+const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
+
+// sibling-module.js is a CommonJS module.
+const siblingModule = require('./sibling-module');
+```
+
+### `module.createRequireFromPath(filename)`
+<!-- YAML
+added: v10.12.0
+deprecated: v12.2.0
+-->
+
+> Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Please use [`createRequire()`][] instead.
+
+* `filename` {string} Filename to be used to construct the relative require
+  function.
+* Returns: {require} Require function
+
+```js
+const { createRequireFromPath } = require('module');
+const requireUtil = createRequireFromPath('../src/utils/');
+
+// Require `../src/utils/some-tool`
+requireUtil('./some-tool');
+```
+
+### `module.syncBuiltinESMExports()`
+<!-- YAML
+added: v12.12.0
+-->
+
+The `module.syncBuiltinESMExports()` method updates all the live bindings for
+builtin ES Modules to match the properties of the CommonJS exports. It does
+not add or remove exported names from the ES Modules.
+
+```js
+const fs = require('fs');
+const { syncBuiltinESMExports } = require('module');
+
+fs.readFile = null;
+
+delete fs.readFileSync;
+
+fs.newAPI = function newAPI() {
+  // ...
+};
+
+syncBuiltinESMExports();
+
+import('fs').then((esmFS) => {
+  assert.strictEqual(esmFS.readFile, null);
+  assert.strictEqual('readFileSync' in fs, true);
+  assert.strictEqual(esmFS.newAPI, undefined);
+});
+```
+
+## Source map v3 support
+<!-- YAML
+added:
+ - v13.7.0
+ - v12.17.0
+-->
+
+> Stability: 1 - Experimental
+
+Helpers for interacting with the source map cache. This cache is
+populated when source map parsing is enabled and
+[source map include directives][] are found in a modules' footer.
+
+To enable source map parsing, Node.js must be run with the flag
+[`--enable-source-maps`][], or with code coverage enabled by setting
+[`NODE_V8_COVERAGE=dir`][].
+
+```js
+const { findSourceMap, SourceMap } = require('module');
+```
+
+### `module.findSourceMap(path[, error])`
+<!-- YAML
+added:
+ - v13.7.0
+ - v12.17.0
+-->
+
+* `path` {string}
+* `error` {Error}
+* Returns: {module.SourceMap}
+
+`path` is the resolved path for the file for which a corresponding source map
+should be fetched.
+
+The `error` instance should be passed as the second parameter to `findSourceMap`
+in exceptional flows, e.g., when an overridden
+[`Error.prepareStackTrace(error, trace)`][] is invoked. Modules are not added to
+the module cache until they are successfully loaded, in these cases source maps
+will be associated with the `error` instance along with the `path`.
+
+### Class: `module.SourceMap`
+<!-- YAML
+added:
+ - v13.7.0
+ - v12.17.0
+-->
+
+#### `new SourceMap(payload)`
+
+* `payload` {Object}
+
+Creates a new `sourceMap` instance.
+
+`payload` is an object with keys matching the [Source map v3 format][]:
+
+* `file`: {string}
+* `version`: {number}
+* `sources`: {string[]}
+* `sourcesContent`: {string[]}
+* `names`: {string[]}
+* `mappings`: {string}
+* `sourceRoot`: {string}
+
+#### `sourceMap.payload`
+
+* Returns: {Object}
+
+Getter for the payload used to construct the [`SourceMap`][] instance.
+
+#### `sourceMap.findEntry(lineNumber, columnNumber)`
+
+* `lineNumber` {number}
+* `columnNumber` {number}
+* Returns: {Object}
+
+Given a line number and column number in the generated source file, returns
+an object representing the position in the original file. The object returned
+consists of the following keys:
+
+* generatedLine: {number}
+* generatedColumn: {number}
+* originalSource: {string}
+* originalLine: {number}
+* originalColumn: {number}
+
+[`createRequire()`]: #module_module_createrequire_filename
+[module wrapper]: modules_cjs.html#modules_cjs_the_module_wrapper
+[source map include directives]: https://sourcemaps.info/spec.html#h.lmz475t4mvbx
+[`--enable-source-maps`]: cli.html#cli_enable_source_maps
+[`NODE_V8_COVERAGE=dir`]: cli.html#cli_node_v8_coverage_dir
+[`Error.prepareStackTrace(error, trace)`]: https://v8.dev/docs/stack-trace-api#customizing-stack-traces
+[`SourceMap`]: #module_class_module_sourcemap
+[Source map v3 format]: https://sourcemaps.info/spec.html#h.mofvlxcwqzej