Economy.kif

;; Ontology of Economy          
;;
;; Access to and use of these products is governed by the GNU General Public 
;; License <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html>. 
;; By using these products, you agree to be bound by the terms 
;; of the GPL.
;;
;; Those who are interested in making use of this ontology are urged 
;; to contact Adam Pease (apease@articulatesoftware.com).
;; We ask the people using or referencing this work cite our primary paper:
;;
;; Nles, I., and Pease, A.  2001.  Towards a Standard Upper Ontology.  In 
;; Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Formal Ontology in 
;; Information Systems (FOIS-2001), Chris Welty and Barry Smith, eds, 
;; Ogunquit, Maine, October 17-19, 2001.  See also www.ontologyportal.org 
;;		 
;; Ontology dependencies: Merge.txt, Government.kif, Geography.kif, Transportation.kif, 
;; naics.kif, elements.kif
	
;;--------------------------------------------------------------------------

;; Outline:
;; I. Economy Concepts for CIA World Fact Book
;;	A. Economy - overview
;;	B. GDP
;;	C. GDP - real growth rate
;;	D. GDP - per capita
;;	E. GDP - composition by sector
;;	F. Population below poverty line
;;	G. Household income or consumption by percentage share
;;		1. lowest 10%
;;		2. highest 10%
;;		3. Distribution of family income - Gini index
;;	H. Inflation rate (consumer prices)
;;	I. Labor force
;;	J. Labor force - by occupation
;;	K. Unemployment rate
;;	L. Budget
;;	M. Industries
;;	N. Industrial production growth rate
;;	O. Electricity - production
;;	P. Electricity - production by source
;;	Q. Electricity - consumption
;;	R. Electricity - exports
;;	S. Electricity - imports
;;	T. Agriculture - products
;;	U. Exports
;;	V. Exports - commodities
;;	W. Exports - partners
;;	X. Imports
;;	Y. Imports - commodities
;;	Z. Imports - partners
;;	AA. Debt - external
;;	BB. Economic aid - donor
;;	CC. Economic aid - recipient
;;	DD. Currency
;;	EE. Currency code
;;	FF. Exchange rates
;;	GG. Fiscal year
;;
;; II. Economy Background Terms for CIA World Fact Book
;; 	A.  Agricultural Products
;;	B.  Raw Materials and Resources (Non-agricultural)
;;   	C.  Manufactured Goods (1): Capital Goods
;;	D.  Manufactured Goods (2): Consumer Goods
;; 		(a) Durable Goods 
;; 		(b) Non-durable Consumer Goods
;;	E.  Agricultural Production Processes

;;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
;; ECONOMY ONTOLOGY
;;--------------------------------------------------------------------------

;; I. Economy Concepts for CIA World Fact Book

;;  A. Economy - overview
;; Covers type of economy, including degree of market orientation
;; and level of economic development

(instance economyType BinaryPredicate)
(domain economyType 1 AutonomousAgent)  

;; GeopoliticalArea or GovernmentOrganization

(domain economyType 2 EconomicAttribute)
(subrelation economyType attribute)

(documentation economyType EnglishLanguage "(&%economyType ?POLITY ?TYPE) means that the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?POLITY has an economic system of &%TYPE.")

(=>
  (economyType ?AGENT ?ATTRIBUTE)
  (or
    (instance ?AGENT GeopoliticalArea)
    (instance ?AGENT Organization)))

    
;; KJN: Moving this to Mid-level-ontology.kif as there are dependent axioms there.
;;(subclass EconomicAttribute RelationalAttribute)
;;(subclass EconomicAttribute PoliticoEconomicAttribute)
;;(documentation EconomicAttribute EnglishLanguage "&%EconomicAttribute is the class 
;;of terms including all &%Attributes used to characterize the 
;;economic systems or development levels of &%Nations or dependent 
;;&%GeopoliticalAreas.")

(subclass EconomicDevelopmentLevel EconomicAttribute)

(documentation EconomicDevelopmentLevel EnglishLanguage 
"&%EconomicDevelopmentLevel is a subclass of &%EconomicAttribute  
containing terms used to describe the economic development level of a 
&%Nation or &%GeopoliticalArea.  This class is further subdivided into 
different scales devised or used by different agencies.")

;;---------------------------------
;; Economic Levels used by United Nations agencies:

(subclass UNEconomicDevelopmentLevel EconomicDevelopmentLevel)

(documentation UNEconomicDevelopmentLevel EnglishLanguage "&%UNEconomicDevelopmentLevel 
is a subclass of &%EconomicDevelopmentLevel containing terms used to 
represent economic development classifications used by &%UnitedNations 
agencies.  The top level of this classification scheme includes the 
concepts of &%DevelopedCountry, &%FormerSovietOrEasternEuropeanCountry, 
and &%LessDevelopedCountry.")

(instance DevelopedCountry UNEconomicDevelopmentLevel)
(formerName "First World" DevelopedCountry)
(conventionalLongName "Developed Country" DevelopedCountry)
(names "industrial country" DevelopedCountry)
(conventionalShortName "the North" DevelopedCountry)

(documentation DevelopedCountry EnglishLanguage 
"&%DevelopedCountry (DC) is a term used to describe members of the top 
group in the &%UNEconomicDevelopmentLevels.  &%DevelopedCountry includes 
market-oriented economies of mainly democratic nations, including members 
of the &%OrganizationForEconomicCooperationAndDevelopment (OECD).  DCs 
are also known as First World countries, 'the North', and industrial 
countries.  Developed countries generally have high incomes (high per 
capita GDP or GNI), but there are exceptions to DC membership both above 
and below that standard.  There is significant overlap, but not perfect 
congruence, between the UN category &%DevelopedCountry and the IMF 
category &%AdvancedEconomy.")

(cardinality (ExtensionFn DevelopedCountry) 35)

(economyType Andorra DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Australia DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Austria DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Belgium DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Bermuda DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Canada DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Denmark DevelopedCountry)
(economyType FaroeIslands DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Finland DevelopedCountry)
(economyType France DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Germany DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Greece DevelopedCountry)
(economyType HolySee DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Iceland DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Ireland DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Israel DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Italy DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Japan DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Liechtenstein DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Luxembourg DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Malta DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Mexico DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Monaco DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Netherlands DevelopedCountry)
(economyType NewZealand DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Norway DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Portugal DevelopedCountry)
(economyType SanMarino DevelopedCountry)
(economyType SouthAfrica DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Spain DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Sweden DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Switzerland DevelopedCountry)
(economyType Turkey DevelopedCountry)
(economyType UnitedKingdom DevelopedCountry)
(economyType UnitedStates DevelopedCountry)

(instance FormerSovietOrEasternEuropeanCountry UNEconomicDevelopmentLevel)
(names "Former Soviet or Eastern European Country" FormerSovietOrEasternEuropeanCountry)
(names "Former Soviet" FormerSovietOrEasternEuropeanCountry)
(names "Former Eastern European" FormerSovietOrEasternEuropeanCountry)
(formerName "Second World" FormerSovietOrEasternEuropeanCountry) 
(successorAttribute FormerSovietOrEasternEuropeanCountry DevelopedCountry)

(=>
  (attribute ?AREA FormerSovietOrEasternEuropeanCountry)
  (economyType ?AREA CountryInTransition))

(documentation FormerSovietOrEasternEuropeanCountry EnglishLanguage 
"&%FormerSovietOrEasternEuropeanCountry (former USSR-EE) is an  
&%Attribute that characterizes countries that were part of the former 
Soviet Union or its sphere of influence in Eastern Europe.  This level 
occupies a middle position between &%DevelopedCountry (DC) and 
&%LessDevelopedCountry (LDC) in &%UNEconomicDevelopmentLevels. 
Previously, former USSR-EE countries had a &%CentrallyPlannedEconomy and 
were Marxist-Leninist states.  Many are now evolving away from command 
economies to market economic systems.  During the 1980's, the group 
included Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, the 
German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Hungary, North Korea, Laos, 
Mongolia, Poland, Romania, the USSR, Vietnam and Yugoslavia.")

(instance LessDevelopedCountry UNEconomicDevelopmentLevel)
(conventionalLongName "Less Developed Country" LessDevelopedCountry)
(formerName "Third World" LessDevelopedCountry)
(successorAttribute LessDevelopedCountry FormerSovietOrEasternEuropeanCountry)

(documentation LessDevelopedCountry EnglishLanguage "&%LessDevelopedCountry (LDC) is 
the &%Attribute used to describe the bottom group in the hierarchy 
of &%UNEconomicDevelopmentLevels. Less developed countries are countries 
or dependent areas with low levels of production, living standards, 
and technology.  Per capita GDP (&%perCapitaGDPInPeriod), or GDI 
(Gross Domestic Income), is generally less than $5,000 and often 
below $1,500.  Subgroups of LDC, however, include countries that have 
higher per capita incomes, as well as advanced technology, and rapid rates 
of growth.  Subgroups of LDC include: advanced developing countries, 
the Four Dragons (also known as Four Tigers), &%LeastDevelopedCountry 
(LLDCs), low-income countries, middle-income countries, newly 
industrializing economies (NIEs), the South (from the location of 
most LDC countries, relative to Northern developed countries), Third 
World (obsolete), &%UnderdevelopedCountry, &%UndevelopedCountry.")

(conventionalShortName "the South" LessDevelopedCountry)
(abbreviation "LDC" LessDevelopedCountry) 

(cardinality (ExtensionFn LessDevelopedCountry) 172)

(economyType Afghanistan LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Algeria LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Angola LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType AntiguaAndBarbuda LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Argentina LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Aruba LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType TheBahamas LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Bahrain LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Bangladesh LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Barbados LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Belize LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Burundi LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Cambodia LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Cameroon LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType CapeVerde LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType CentralAfricanRepublic LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Chad LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Chile LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType China LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Colombia LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Comoros LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType DemocraticRepublicOfTheCongo LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType CostaRica LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType CoteDIvoire LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Cyprus LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Djibouti LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Dominica LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType DominicanRepublic LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Ecuador LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Egypt LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType ElSalvador LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType EquatorialGuinea LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Ethiopia LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Fiji LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Gabon LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Gambia LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Ghana LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Grenada LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Guatemala LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Guinea LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType GuineaBissau LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Guyana LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Haiti LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Honduras LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType India LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Indonesia LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Iran LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Iraq LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Jamaica LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Jordan LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Kenya LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Kiribati LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Kuwait LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Laos LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Lebanon LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Lesotho LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Liberia LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Libya LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Madagascar LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Malawi LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Malaysia LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Maldives LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Mali LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Malta LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType MarshallIslands LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Mauritania LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Mauritius LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Mexico LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Micronesia LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Morocco LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Mozambique LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Namibia LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Nepal LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType NetherlandsAntilles LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Nicaragua LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Niger LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Nigeria LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Oman LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Pakistan LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Panama LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType PapuaNewGuinea LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Paraguay LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Peru LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Philippines LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Qatar LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Rwanda LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType SaintKittsAndNevis LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType SaintLucia LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType SaintVincentAndTheGrenadines LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Samoa LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType SaoTomeAndPrincipe LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType SaudiArabia LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Senegal LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Seychelles LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType SierraLeone LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType SolomonIslands LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Somalia LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType SouthAfrica LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType SriLanka LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Sudan LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Suriname LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Swaziland LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Syria LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Tanzania LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Thailand LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Togo LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType TrinidadAndTobago LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Tunisia LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Turkey LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType UnitedArabEmirates LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Uganda LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Uruguay LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Vanuatu LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Venezuela LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Vietnam LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Yemen LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Zambia LessDevelopedCountry)
(economyType Zimbabwe LessDevelopedCountry)

(instance AdvancedDevelopingCountry EconomicDevelopmentLevel)
(subAttribute AdvancedDevelopingCountry LessDevelopedCountry)
(names "Advanced Developing Country" AdvancedDevelopingCountry)

(documentation AdvancedDevelopingCountry EnglishLanguage "&%AdvancedDevelopingCountry 
is an &%Attribute used to describe a &%LessDevelopedCountry (LDC) 
that is undergoing rapid industrial development.  Also called 'newly 
industrializing economy' (or 'country').")

(instance NewlyIndustrializingEconomy EconomicDevelopmentLevel)
(names "Newly Industrializing Economies" NewlyIndustrializingEconomy)
(abbreviation "NIE" NewlyIndustrializingEconomy)
(formerName "Newly Industrializing Countries" NewlyIndustrializingEconomy)
(formerName "NIC" NewlyIndustrializingEconomy)

(documentation NewlyIndustrializingEconomy EnglishLanguage 
"&%NewlyIndustrializingEconomy is an &%Attribute used to describe a 
&%LessDevelopedCountry (LDC) that is undergoing rapid industrial 
development.  Also called 'newly industrializing economy' (or 
'country').")

(instance FourDragonsEconomy EconomicDevelopmentLevel)
(names "Four Dragons" FourDragonsEconomy)
(names "Four Tigers" FourDragonsEconomy)
(economyType HongKong FourDragonsEconomy)
(economyType Singapore FourDragonsEconomy)
(economyType SouthKorea FourDragonsEconomy)
(economyType Taiwan FourDragonsEconomy)

(documentation FourDragonsEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%FourDragonsEconomy describes four 
small Asian countries that achieved rapid economic growth in the 1990s. 
Some systems of &%EconomicDevelopmentLevel place them as a 
&%LessDevelopedCountry, but the IMF includes them in &%AdvancedEconomy.")

(=>
  (attribute ?AREA FourDragonsEconomy)
  (economyType ?AREA LessDevelopedCountry))

(=>
  (attribute ?AREA FourDragonsEconomy)
  (economyType ?AREA AdvancedEconomy))

(instance UnderdevelopedCountry EconomicDevelopmentLevel)
(subAttribute UnderdevelopedCountry LessDevelopedCountry)

(documentation UnderdevelopedCountry EnglishLanguage "&%UnderdevelopedCountry is an 
&%Attribute describing less developed countries that have potential 
for above-average economic growth.  See also &%LessDevelopedCountry.")

(instance LeastDevelopedCountry EconomicDevelopmentLevel)
(subAttribute LeastDevelopedCountry LessDevelopedCountry)
(conventionalLongName "Least Developed Countries" LeastDevelopedCountry)
(names "Undeveloped Country" LeastDevelopedCountry)
(names "Undeveloped Economy" LeastDevelopedCountry)
(abbreviation "LLDC" LeastDevelopedCountry)
(cardinality (ExtensionFn LeastDevelopedCountry) 42)

(documentation LeastDevelopedCountry EnglishLanguage "&%LeastDevelopedCountry 
is a sub-classification of &%LessDevelopedCountry characterizing
those countries that have no significant economic growth, a per 
capita GDP of less than $1,000 &%UnitedStatesDollars, and low 
literacy.  Also known as 'undeveloped countries'.")

;; World Bank Classifications based on Gross National Income Per Capita:

(subclass WorldBankGNIPerCapitaLevel EconomicDevelopmentLevel)
(names "GNI per capita" WorldBankGNIPerCapitaLevel)
(names "gross national income per capita" WorldBankGNIPerCapitaLevel)

(documentation WorldBankGNIPerCapitaLevel EnglishLanguage "&%WorldBankGNIPerCapitaLevel 
is the subclass of &%EconomicDevelopmentLevel containing attributes 
that characterize countries according to their per capita gross national 
income (GNI), as determined by the &%WorldBankGroup.  The World Bank 
uses the Atlas method for making cross-country comparisons of national 
income.") 

(successorAttribute LowIncomeCountry LowerMiddleIncomeCountry)
(successorAttribute LowerMiddleIncomeCountry UpperMiddleIncomeCountry) 
(successorAttribute UpperMiddleIncomeCountry HighIncomeCountry)

(instance LowIncomeCountry WorldBankGNIPerCapitaLevel)

(=>
  (attribute ?AREA LowIncomeCountry)
  (economyType ?AREA LeastDevelopedCountry))  

(documentation LowIncomeCountry EnglishLanguage "&%LowIncomeCountry is an 
&%Attribute representing the World Bank classification for any country 
where the per capita GNI is $755 or below in &%UnitedStatesDollars.")

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?YEAR TimeInterval)
    (holdsDuring ?YEAR (economyType ?AREA LowIncomeCountry)))
  (exists (?AMOUNT)
    (and
      (perCapitaGDPInPeriod ?AREA (MeasureFn ?AMOUNT UnitedStatesDollar) ?YEAR)
      (lessThan ?AMOUNT 756.0))))

(instance LowerMiddleIncomeCountry WorldBankGNIPerCapitaLevel)

(documentation LowerMiddleIncomeCountry EnglishLanguage 
"&%LowerMiddleIncomeCountry is an &%Attribute representing the World 
Bank classification for any country where the per capita GNI is 
between $756 and $2,995 (inclusive) in &%UnitedStatesDollars.")

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?YEAR TimeInterval)
    (holdsDuring ?YEAR (economyType ?AREA LowerMiddleIncomeCountry)))
  (exists (?AMOUNT)
    (and
      (perCapitaGDPInPeriod ?AREA (MeasureFn ?AMOUNT UnitedStatesDollar) ?YEAR)
      (greaterThanOrEqualTo ?AMOUNT 756.0))))

(=>
  (and
     (instance ?YEAR TimeInterval)
    (holdsDuring ?YEAR (economyType ?AREA LowerMiddleIncomeCountry)))
  (exists (?AMOUNT)
    (and
      (perCapitaGDPInPeriod ?AREA (MeasureFn ?AMOUNT UnitedStatesDollar) ?YEAR)
      (lessThan ?AMOUNT 2996.0))))

(instance UpperMiddleIncomeCountry WorldBankGNIPerCapitaLevel)

(documentation UpperMiddleIncomeCountry EnglishLanguage 
"&%UpperMiddleIncomeCountry is an &%Attribute representing the World Bank 
classification for any country where the per capita GNI is 
between $2,996 and $9,266 (inclusive) in &%UnitedStatesDollars.")

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?YEAR TimeInterval)
    (holdsDuring ?YEAR (economyType ?AREA UpperMiddleIncomeCountry)))
  (exists (?AMOUNT)
    (and
      (perCapitaGDPInPeriod ?AREA (MeasureFn ?AMOUNT UnitedStatesDollar) ?YEAR)
      (greaterThanOrEqualTo ?AMOUNT 2996.0))))

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?YEAR TimeInterval)
    (holdsDuring ?YEAR (economyType ?AREA UpperMiddleIncomeCountry)))
  (exists (?AMOUNT)
    (and
    (perCapitaGDPInPeriod ?AREA (MeasureFn ?AMOUNT UnitedStatesDollar) ?YEAR)
    (lessThan ?AMOUNT 9267.0))))

(instance HighIncomeCountry WorldBankGNIPerCapitaLevel)

(documentation HighIncomeCountry EnglishLanguage 
"&%HighIncomeCountry is an &%Attribute representing the World Bank 
classification for any country where the per capita GNI is 
equal to or greater than &9,266 in &%UnitedStatesDollars.")

(=>
  (and
    (attribute ?AREA HighIncomeCountry)
    (not (member ?AREA OrganizationOfPetroleumExportingCountries)))
  (economyType ?AREA DevelopedCountry))

;;---------------------------------
;; IMF-related Economic Development Levels:

(subclass IMFDevelopmentLevel EconomicDevelopmentLevel)
(successorAttribute DevelopingCountry CountryInTransition)
(successorAttribute CountryInTransition AdvancedEconomy)

(documentation IMFDevelopmentLevel EnglishLanguage "&%IMFDevelopmentLevel is a 
collection of &%Attributes representing economic development levels 
used by the &%InternationalMonetaryFund (IMF) to characterize national 
economies.  The hierarchy of IMF levels includes: &%AdvancedEconomy, 
&%CountryInTransition, and &%DevelopingCountry.  There is some, but not  
complete, overlap with concepts used by &%UnitedNations agencies.  
See ")

(instance AdvancedEconomy IMFDevelopmentLevel)

(documentation AdvancedEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%AdvancedEconomy is an &%Attribute 
used to represent the &%InternationalMonetaryFund's top category of 
development levels (&%AdvancedEconomy,, countries in transition, and 
developing countries.  Generally (but not exactly) corresponds with 
&%DevelopedCountry classification used by &%UnitedNations agencies.")

(economyType Australia AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Austria AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Belgium AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Canada AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Denmark AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Finland AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType France AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Germany AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Greece AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType HongKong AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Iceland AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Ireland AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Israel AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Italy AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Japan AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType SouthKorea AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Luxembourg AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Netherlands AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType NewZealand AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Norway AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Portugal AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Singapore AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Spain AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Sweden AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Switzerland AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType Taiwan AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType UnitedKingdom AdvancedEconomy)
(economyType UnitedStates AdvancedEconomy)

(instance CountryInTransition IMFDevelopmentLevel)

(documentation CountryInTransition EnglishLanguage "&%CountryInTransition is a term 
used by the &%InternationalMonetaryFund (IMF) to describe the middle 
group in its hierarchy of advanced countries, countries in transition, 
and developing countries.  Most of the countries with this attribute 
are former USSR or Eastern European countries.  Generally corresponds 
with &%FormerSovietOrEasternEuropeanCountry classification used by 
&%UnitedNations agencies.")

(economyType Albania CountryInTransition)
(economyType Armenia CountryInTransition)
(economyType Azerbaijan CountryInTransition)
(economyType Belarus CountryInTransition)
(economyType BosniaAndHerzegovina CountryInTransition)
(economyType Bulgaria CountryInTransition)
(economyType Croatia CountryInTransition)
(economyType CzechRepublic CountryInTransition)
(economyType Estonia CountryInTransition)
(economyType RepublicOfGeorgia CountryInTransition)
(economyType Hungary CountryInTransition)
(economyType Kazakhstan CountryInTransition)
(economyType Kyrgyzstan CountryInTransition)
(economyType Latvia CountryInTransition)
(economyType Lithuania CountryInTransition)
(economyType Macedonia CountryInTransition)
(economyType Moldova CountryInTransition)
(economyType Mongolia CountryInTransition)
(economyType Poland CountryInTransition)
(economyType Romania CountryInTransition)
(economyType Russia CountryInTransition)
(economyType Slovakia CountryInTransition)
(economyType Slovenia CountryInTransition)
(economyType Tajikistan CountryInTransition)
(economyType Turkmenistan CountryInTransition)
(economyType Ukraine CountryInTransition)
(economyType Uzbekistan CountryInTransition)
(economyType Yugoslavia CountryInTransition)
(instance Yugoslavia Nation)

(instance DevelopingCountry IMFDevelopmentLevel)

(documentation DevelopingCountry EnglishLanguage "&%DevelopingCountry is a term 
used by the &%InternationalMonetaryFund (IMF) for the bottom group 
in its hierarchy of advanced countries, countries in transition, 
and developing countries. Generally corresponds to the attribute 
&%LessDevelopedCountry used by &%UnitedNations agencies.  Not to 
be confused with &%DevelopedCountry.")

(cardinality (ExtensionFn DevelopingCountry) 126)

(economyType Afghanistan DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Algeria DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Angola DevelopingCountry)
(economyType AntiguaAndBarbuda DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Argentina DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Aruba DevelopingCountry)
(economyType TheBahamas DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Bahrain DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Bangladesh DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Barbados DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Belize DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Burundi DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Cambodia DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Cameroon DevelopingCountry)
(economyType CapeVerde DevelopingCountry)
(economyType CentralAfricanRepublic DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Chad DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Chile DevelopingCountry)
(economyType China DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Colombia DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Comoros DevelopingCountry)
(economyType DemocraticRepublicOfTheCongo DevelopingCountry)
(economyType CostaRica DevelopingCountry)
(economyType CoteDIvoire DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Cyprus DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Djibouti DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Dominica DevelopingCountry)
(economyType DominicanRepublic DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Ecuador DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Egypt DevelopingCountry)
(economyType ElSalvador DevelopingCountry)
(economyType EquatorialGuinea DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Ethiopia DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Fiji DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Gabon DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Gambia DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Ghana DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Grenada DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Guatemala DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Guinea DevelopingCountry)
(economyType GuineaBissau DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Guyana DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Haiti DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Honduras DevelopingCountry)
(economyType India DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Indonesia DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Iran DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Iraq DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Jamaica DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Jordan DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Kenya DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Kiribati DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Kuwait DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Laos DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Lebanon DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Lesotho DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Liberia DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Libya DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Madagascar DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Malawi DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Malaysia DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Maldives DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Mali DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Malta DevelopingCountry)
(economyType MarshallIslands DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Mauritania DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Mauritius DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Mexico DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Micronesia DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Morocco DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Mozambique DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Namibia DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Nepal DevelopingCountry)
(economyType NetherlandsAntilles DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Nicaragua DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Niger DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Nigeria DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Oman DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Pakistan DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Panama DevelopingCountry)
(economyType PapuaNewGuinea DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Paraguay DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Peru DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Philippines DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Qatar DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Rwanda DevelopingCountry)
(economyType SaintKittsAndNevis DevelopingCountry)
(economyType SaintLucia DevelopingCountry)
(economyType SaintVincentAndTheGrenadines DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Samoa DevelopingCountry)
(economyType SaoTomeAndPrincipe DevelopingCountry)
(economyType SaudiArabia DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Senegal DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Seychelles DevelopingCountry)
(economyType SierraLeone DevelopingCountry)
(economyType SolomonIslands DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Somalia DevelopingCountry)
(economyType SouthAfrica DevelopingCountry)
(economyType SriLanka DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Sudan DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Suriname DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Swaziland DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Syria DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Tanzania DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Thailand DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Togo DevelopingCountry)
(economyType TrinidadAndTobago DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Tunisia DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Turkey DevelopingCountry)
(economyType UnitedArabEmirates DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Uganda DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Uruguay DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Vanuatu DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Venezuela DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Vietnam DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Yemen DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Zambia DevelopingCountry)
(economyType Zimbabwe DevelopingCountry)

;;---------------------------------
;; Miscellaneous economic development attributes:

(instance MajorIndustrialEconomy EconomicDevelopmentLevel)

(documentation MajorIndustrialEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%MajorIndustrialEconomy is an 
&%Attribute used to describe countries with the largest, industrialized, 
non-communist economies in the world.")

(=>
  (attribute ?AREA MajorIndustrialEconomy)
  (economyType ?AREA DevelopedCountry))
        
(=>
  (attribute ?AREA MajorIndustrialEconomy)
  (economyType ?AREA AdvancedEconomy))

(=>
  (member ?STATE GroupOf7)
  (attribute ?STATE MajorIndustrialEconomy))

(instance HighTechIndustrialEconomy EconomicDevelopmentLevel)

(documentation HighTechIndustrialEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%HighTechIndustrialEconomy 
is an &%Attribute used to describe industrialized countries whose 
infrastructure uses the most advanced kinds of technology.")

;;---------------------------------
;; Economic System attributes:

(subclass EconomicSystemAttribute EconomicAttribute)

(documentation EconomicSystemAttribute EnglishLanguage "&%EconomicSystemAttribute 
is the class of &%Attributes that describe the type of economic 
system that a country or area has.  For example, &%CapitalistEconomy 
or &%SocialistEconomy.")

(instance CapitalistEconomy EconomicSystemAttribute)
(subAttribute CapitalistEconomy PrivateEnterpriseEconomy)

(documentation CapitalistEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%CapitalistEconomy is the 
&%Attribute used to characterize a country whose economy is based 
on private ownership of the means of production and distribution, 
and on private accumulation of capital.")

(instance PureCapitalistEconomy EconomicSystemAttribute)
(subAttribute PureCapitalistEconomy CapitalistEconomy)
(contraryAttribute PureCapitalistEconomy MixedEconomy)

(documentation PureCapitalistEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%PureCapitalistEconomy is an 
&%Attribute representing a capitalist economy that has no admixture of 
socialism.")

(instance PrivateEnterpriseEconomy EconomicSystemAttribute)

(documentation PrivateEnterpriseEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%PrivateEnterpriseEconomy is 
the &%Attribute used to characterize a country in which private 
enterprise is the main source of economic wealth.")

(instance MarketEconomy EconomicSystemAttribute)

(documentation MarketEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%MarketEconomy is an &%Attribute that 
describes an economy in which market forces, specifically supply and 
demand, provide input for privately managed decisions about pricing 
and production of goods.")

(instance SocialistEconomy EconomicSystemAttribute)

(documentation SocialistEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%SocialistEconomy is the &%Attribute 
used to characterize a country in which there is government ownership 
or direction of the means of production and distribution.")

(instance PureSocialistEconomy EconomicSystemAttribute)
(subAttribute PureSocialistEconomy SocialistEconomy)
(contraryAttribute PureSocialistEconomy MixedEconomy)
(contraryAttribute PureSocialistEconomy PureCapitalistEconomy)

(documentation PureSocialistEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%PureSocialistEconomy is an 
&%Attribute representing a socialist economy that has no admixture of 
capitalism.")

(instance DemocraticSocialism EconomicSystemAttribute)
(subAttribute DemocraticSocialism SocialistEconomy)

(documentation DemocraticSocialism EnglishLanguage "&%DemocraticSocialism is an  
&%Attribute that describes a country in which socialism is promoted 
by a political party or parties within a democratic government. 
Under &%DemocraticSocialism, the government participates in central 
planning of the economy and may also manage nationalized industries.")

(=>
  (attribute ?AREA DemocraticSocialism)
  (governmentType ?AREA Democracy))

(instance MarketSocialism EconomicSystemAttribute)
(subAttribute MarketSocialism PartialMarketEconomy)

(instance CommunalLandOwnershipEconomy EconomicSystemAttribute)
(subAttribute CommunalLandOwnershipEconomy SocialistEconomy)

(instance MixedEconomy EconomicSystemAttribute)  

(documentation MixedEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%MixedEconomy is the &%Attribute 
of a country whose economy has elements of more than one pure 
economic system, e.g., a market economy with government welfare 
for unemployed workers.  A mixed-economy country may be a 
&%CountryInTransition, as from a prior communist economy to 
capitalism, but a mixed economy may also be a stable combination 
of different economic approaches in different areas of a national 
economy, e.g., nationally managed health care and education systems 
in an otherwise private-enterprise economy.")

(instance PartialMarketEconomy EconomicSystemAttribute)
(subAttribute PartialMarketEconomy MixedEconomy)

(instance GovernmentRegulatedEconomy EconomicSystemAttribute)

(documentation GovernmentRegulatedEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%GovernmentRegulatedEconomy 
is an &%Attribute that describes the economy of a country in which the 
government determines prices, production, wages, allocation of resources, 
or other economic factors.  An economy that is wholly government planned 
is a &%CentrallyPlannedEconomy.")

(instance CentrallyPlannedEconomy EconomicSystemAttribute) 
(subAttribute CentrallyPlannedEconomy GovernmentRegulatedEconomy)

(documentation CentrallyPlannedEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%CentrallyPlannedEconomy 
is a term used mainly to describe communist or formerly communist 
states, many of which are now evolving away from command economies 
towards market-oriented systems.  Also known as a 'command economy'.")

(=>
  (and
    (attribute ?AREA CommunistState)
    (instance ?AREA Nation))
  (economyType ?AREA CentrallyPlannedEconomy))
;; Note: CommunistState is defined in Government.kif.

(instance PrivatizingEconomy EconomicSystemAttribute)
(subAttribute PrivatizingEconomy MixedEconomy)

(documentation PrivatizingEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%PrivatizingEconomy is an 
&%Attribute that describes a country in which formerly government-
owned industries are being transferred into private holdings.")

(=>
  (attribute ?AREA PrivatizingEconomy)
  (economyType ?AREA CountryInTransition))

(instance NationalizedIndustryEconomy EconomicSystemAttribute)
(subAttribute NationalizedIndustryEconomy GovernmentRegulatedEconomy)

(documentation NationalizedIndustryEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%NationalizedIndustryEconomy 
is an &%Attribute describing an economy in which the major industries,  
such as energy and transportation, are owned by the national government.")

(instance GovernmentSubsidizedEconomy EconomicSystemAttribute)

(documentation GovernmentSubsidizedEconomy EnglishLanguage "&%GovernmentSubsidizedEconomy 
is an &%Attribute describing an economy in which the government provides 
subsidies to various industries, workers, or other groups as part of its 
economic policy.")

(instance WelfareCapitalism EconomicSystemAttribute)
(subAttribute WelfareCapitalism MixedEconomy)
(subAttribute WelfareCapitalism GovernmentSubsidizedEconomy)

(documentation WelfareCapitalism EnglishLanguage "&%WelfareCapitalism is an &%Attribute 
describing an economy in which the government provides economic subsidies 
to unemployed or disabled individuals.")

;;----------------------------------
;; Economic Attributes based on Financial Sectors: 

(subclass FinancialSectorAttribute EconomicAttribute) 

(documentation FinancialSectorAttribute EnglishLanguage "&%FinancialSectorAttribute is 
a class of &%Attributes that are used to indicate which financial sectors 
are most important in the economy of a &%Nation or &%GeopoliticalArea.")

(instance DiversifiedEconomy FinancialSectorAttribute)  
(instance ManufacturingBasedEconomy FinancialSectorAttribute)
(instance TradeBasedEconomy FinancialSectorAttribute)
(instance PetroleumBasedEconomy FinancialSectorAttribute)
(instance TourismBasedEconomy FinancialSectorAttribute)
(instance ServiceBasedEconomy FinancialSectorAttribute)
(instance AgricultureBasedEconomy FinancialSectorAttribute)
(instance SubsistenceAgricultureEconomy FinancialSectorAttribute)
(subAttribute SubsistenceAgricultureEconomy AgricultureBasedEconomy)
(instance TwoTierLaborMarketEconomy FinancialSectorAttribute)
(instance ControlledLaborMarketEconomy FinancialSectorAttribute)
(instance OffshoreFinancialSectorEconomy FinancialSectorAttribute)
(subAttribute TaxHavenEconomy OffshoreFinancialSectorEconomy)
(subAttribute OffshoreBankingSectorEconomy OffshoreFinancialSectorEconomy)

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  B. GDP

(instance totalGDPInPeriod PPPBasedEconomicValuation)
(instance totalGDPInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain totalGDPInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain totalGDPInPeriod 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domainSubclass totalGDPInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation totalGDPInPeriod EnglishLanguage "(&%totalGDPInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) 
means that the value of all final goods and services produced within 
the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA is ?AMOUNT in the period indicated by ?PERIOD, 
measured in U.S. dollars calculated on a purchasing power parity basis.  
(See &%PPPBasedEconomicValuation.)  This is the Gross Domestic Product for 
?AREA for a specified period.")

(instance totalGDP PPPBasedEconomicValuation)
(instance totalGDP BinaryPredicate)
(domain totalGDP 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain totalGDP 2 CurrencyMeasure)

(documentation totalGDP EnglishLanguage "(&%totalGDP ?AREA ?AMOUNT) means that the value 
of all final goods and services produced within the &%GeopoliticalArea 
?AREA is ?AMOUNT, in U.S. dollars, calculated on a purchasing power parity 
basis.  This represents Gross Domestic Product (GDP).  See 
&%PPPBasedEconomicValuation.")

(<=>
  (totalGDPInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (totalGDP ?AREA ?AMOUNT)))))    

(subclass PPPBasedEconomicValuation Relation)

(documentation PPPBasedEconomicValuation EnglishLanguage "&%PPPBasedEconomicValuation 
is a class of relations used to state international economic information 
in U.S. dollar amounts.  The U.S. dollar amounts are derived from Purchasing 
Power Parity conversions of economic totals (e.g., GDP)  given in local 
currency.  This contrasts with a method of conversion based on currency 
exchange rates.  The PPP method is used by the CIA World Fact Book for 
the purpose of presenting economic data for all countries covered.  Their 
basis for PPP dollar price weights is the UN International Comparison Program 
(UNICP) and the work of Professors Robert Summers and Alan Heston of the 
University of Pennsylvania.")

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  C. GDP - real growth rate

(instance realGrowthRateOfGDPInPeriod PPPBasedEconomicValuation)
(instance realGrowthRateOfGDPInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain realGrowthRateOfGDPInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain realGrowthRateOfGDPInPeriod 2 RealNumber)
(domainSubclass realGrowthRateOfGDPInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation realGrowthRateOfGDPInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%realGrowthRateOfGDPInPeriod ?AREA ?RATE ?PERIOD) means that the 
annual rate of growth in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA is the fraction ?RATE in the period ?PERIOD, 
adjusted for inflation, with GDP calculated on a purchasing power 
parity basis.  See &%PPPBasedEconomicValuation.") 

(instance realGrowthRateOfGDP PPPBasedEconomicValuation)
(instance realGrowthRateOfGDP BinaryPredicate)
(domain realGrowthRateOfGDP 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain realGrowthRateOfGDP 2 RealNumber)

(documentation realGrowthRateOfGDP EnglishLanguage "(&%realGrowthRateOfGDP ?AREA ?RATE) 
means that the annual rate of growth in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 
for the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA is the fraction ?RATE, adjusted for 
inflation, with GDP calculated on a purchasing power parity basis.  
See &%PPPBasedEconomicValuation.") 

(<=>
  (realGrowthRateOfGDPInPeriod ?AREA ?RATE ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (realGrowthRateOfGDP ?AREA ?RATE)))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  D. GDP - per capita

(instance perCapitaGDPInPeriod PPPBasedEconomicValuation)
(instance perCapitaGDPInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain perCapitaGDPInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain perCapitaGDPInPeriod 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domain perCapitaGDPInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation perCapitaGDPInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%perCapitaGDPInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that the Gross 
Domestic Product, on a per capita basis, for the &%GeopoliticalArea 
?AREA is ?AMOUNT during the period indicated by ?PERIOD, calculated in 
U.S. dollars on a purchasing power parity basis.  See 
&%PPPBasedEconomicValuation.")

(instance perCapitaGDP PPPBasedEconomicValuation)
(instance perCapitaGDP BinaryPredicate)
(domain perCapitaGDP 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain perCapitaGDP 2 CurrencyMeasure)

(documentation perCapitaGDP EnglishLanguage "(&%perCapitaGDP ?AREA ?AMOUNT) means 
that the Gross Domestic Product, on a per capita basis, for the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA is ?AMOUNT, calculated in U.S. dollars on a 
purchasing power parity basis.  See &%PPPBasedEconomicValuation.")

(<=>
  (perCapitaGDPInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (perCapitaGDP ?AREA ?AMOUNT)))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  E. GDP - composition by sector

(instance sectorCompositionOfGDPInPeriod PPPBasedEconomicValuation)
(instance sectorCompositionOfGDPInPeriod QuaternaryPredicate)
(domain sectorCompositionOfGDPInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain sectorCompositionOfGDPInPeriod 2 IndustryAttribute)
(domain sectorCompositionOfGDPInPeriod 3 RealNumber)
(domainSubclass sectorCompositionOfGDPInPeriod 4 TimeInterval)

(documentation sectorCompositionOfGDPInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%sectorCompositionOfGDPInPeriod ?AREA ?SECTOR ?FRACTION ?PERIOD) 
means that in the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the economic sector ?SECTOR 
contributes the amount ?FRACTION to the Gross National Product 
during the &%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD.")

(=>
  (sectorCompositionOfGDPInPeriod ?AREA ?SECTOR ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(instance sectorCompositionOfGDP PPPBasedEconomicValuation)
(instance sectorCompositionOfGDP TernaryPredicate)
(domain sectorCompositionOfGDP 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain sectorCompositionOfGDP 2 IndustryAttribute)
(domain sectorCompositionOfGDP 3 RealNumber)

(documentation sectorCompositionOfGDP EnglishLanguage 
"(&%sectorCompositionOfGDP ?AREA ?SECTOR ?FRACTION) means 
that in the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the economic sector ?SECTOR 
contributes the amount ?FRACTION to the Gross National Product.")

(=>
  (sectorCompositionOfGDP ?AREA ?SECTOR ?FRACTION)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(<=>
  (sectorCompositionOfGDPInPeriod ?AREA ?SECTOR ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (sectorCompositionOfGDP ?AREA ?SECTOR ?FRACTION)))))

(instance sectorValueOfGDPInPeriod PPPBasedEconomicValuation)
(instance sectorValueOfGDPInPeriod QuaternaryPredicate)
(domain sectorValueOfGDPInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain sectorValueOfGDPInPeriod 2 IndustryAttribute)
(domain sectorValueOfGDPInPeriod 3 CurrencyMeasure)
(domainSubclass sectorValueOfGDPInPeriod 4 TimeInterval)

(documentation sectorValueOfGDPInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%sectorValueOfGDPInPeriod ?AREA ?SECTOR ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that 
for the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the economic sector ?SECTOR contributes 
?AMOUNT to the Gross National Product during the &%TimeInterval indicated 
by ?PERIOD, evaluated in U.S. dollars on a purchasing power parity basis.  
See &%PPPBasedEconomicValuation.")

(=>
  (and
    (sectorCompositionOfGDPInPeriod ?AREA ?SECTOR ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
    (totalGDPInPeriod ?AREA
      (MeasureFn ?GDPAMOUNT ?CUNIT) ?PERIOD)
    (equal ?AMOUNT
      (MultiplicationFn ?FRACTION ?GDPAMOUNT)))
  (sectorValueOfGDPInPeriod ?AREA ?SECTOR
    (MeasureFn ?AMOUNT ?CUNIT) ?PERIOD))

(instance sectorValueOfGDP PPPBasedEconomicValuation)
(instance sectorValueOfGDP TernaryPredicate)
(domain sectorValueOfGDP 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain sectorValueOfGDP 2 IndustryAttribute)
(domain sectorValueOfGDP 3 CurrencyMeasure)

(documentation sectorValueOfGDP EnglishLanguage 
"(&%sectorValueOfGDP ?AREA ?SECTOR ?AMOUNT) means that for the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the economic sector ?SECTOR contributes 
?AMOUNT to the Gross National Product, evaluated in U.S. dollars on 
a purchasing power parity basis.  See &%PPPBasedEconomicValuation.")

(<=>
  (sectorValueOfGDPInPeriod ?AREA ?SECTOR
    (MeasureFn ?AMOUNT ?CUNIT) ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME
        (sectorValueOfGDP ?AREA ?SECTOR
          (MeasureFn ?AMOUNT ?CUNIT))))))

;;----------------------------------
;; Economic sectors:

(instance AgriculturalSector IndustryAttribute)
(instance IndustrialSector IndustryAttribute)
(instance ServiceSector IndustryAttribute)

; AgricultureForestryFishingAndHunting defined in naics.kif:
(subAttribute AgricultureForestryFishingAndHunting AgriculturalSector)

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  F. Population below poverty line

(instance populationFractionBelowPovertyLineInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain populationFractionBelowPovertyLineInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain populationFractionBelowPovertyLineInPeriod 2 RealNumber)
(domainSubclass populationFractionBelowPovertyLineInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation populationFractionBelowPovertyLineInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%populationFractionBelowPovertyLineInPeriod ?AREA ?FRACTION ?PERIOD) 
means that in the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the segment of the population 
living below the (locally defined) poverty line is ?FRACTION during the 
&%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD.  Note that the definition of the 
poverty line varies internationally.")

(=>
  (populationFractionBelowPovertyLineInPeriod ?AREA ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(instance populationFractionBelowPovertyLine BinaryPredicate)
(domain populationFractionBelowPovertyLine 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain populationFractionBelowPovertyLine 2 RealNumber)

(documentation populationFractionBelowPovertyLine EnglishLanguage 
"(&%populationFractionBelowPovertyLine ?AREA ?FRACTION) means that in 
the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the segment of the population living 
below the (locally defined) poverty line is ?FRACTION.  Note that the 
definition of the poverty line varies internationally.")

(=>
  (populationFractionBelowPovertyLine ?AREA ?FRACTION)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(<=>
  (populationFractionBelowPovertyLineInPeriod ?AREA ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (populationFractionBelowPovertyLine ?AREA ?FRACTION)))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  G. Household income or consumption by percentage share (& Gini)

;;    1. lowest 10%

(instance lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod 2 RealNumber)
(domainSubclass lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod ?AREA ?FRACTION ?PERIOD) 
means that in the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the lowest decile (0-10%) 
of households with respect to household income (or consumption) had 
?FRACTION amount of the total household income (or consumption), during 
the &%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD.  Data from different countries 
may not be directly comparable due to variation in the basis of the data 
(e.g., based on household income versus based on household consumption).")

(=>
  (lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod ?AREA ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(instance lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncome BinaryPredicate)
(domain lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncome 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncome 2 RealNumber)

(documentation lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncome EnglishLanguage 
"(&%lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncome ?AREA ?FRACTION) means that 
in the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the lowest decile (0-10%) of 
households with respect to household income (or consumption) had 
?FRACTION amount of the total household income (or consumption).  
Data from different countries may not be directly comparable due to 
variation in the basis of the data (e.g., based on income versus based 
on consumption).")

(=>
  (lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncome ?AREA ?FRACTION)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(<=>
  (lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod ?AREA ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (lowestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncome ?AREA ?FRACTION)))))

;;---------------------------------
;;    2. highest 10%

(instance highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod 2 RealNumber)
(domainSubclass highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod ?AREA ?FRACTION ?PERIOD) 
means that in the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the highest decile (90-100%) 
of households with respect to household income (or consumption) had 
?FRACTION amount of the total household income (or consumption), during 
the &%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD.  Data from different countries 
may not be directly comparable due to variation in the basis of the data 
(e.g., based on household income versus based on household consumption).")

(=>
  (highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod ?AREA ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(instance highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncome BinaryPredicate)
(domain highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncome 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncome 2 RealNumber)

(documentation highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncome EnglishLanguage 
"(&%highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncome ?AREA ?FRACTION) means that 
in the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the highest decile (90-100%) of 
households with respect to household income (or consumption) had 
?FRACTION amount of the total household income (or consumption).  
Data from different countries may not be directly comparable due to 
variation in the basis of the data (e.g., based on income versus 
based on consumption).")


(=>
  (highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncome ?AREA ?FRACTION)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(<=>
  (highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncomeInPeriod ?AREA ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (highestDecileShareOfHouseholdIncome ?AREA ?FRACTION)))))

;;---------------------------------
;;    3. Distribution of family income - Gini index

(instance incomeDistributionByGiniIndexInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain incomeDistributionByGiniIndexInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain incomeDistributionByGiniIndexInPeriod 2 NonnegativeRealNumber)
(domainSubclass incomeDistributionByGiniIndexInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation incomeDistributionByGiniIndexInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%incomeDistributionByGiniIndexInPeriod ?AREA ?INDEX ?PERIOD) means that 
in the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the distribution of family income is 
?INDEX, as measured by the Gini index, during the &%TimeInterval indicated 
by ?PERIOD.")

(=>
  (incomeDistributionByGiniIndexInPeriod ?AREA ?INDEX ?PERIOD)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?INDEX 100.0))

(instance incomeDistributionByGiniIndex BinaryPredicate)
(domain incomeDistributionByGiniIndex 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain incomeDistributionByGiniIndex 2 NonnegativeRealNumber)

(documentation incomeDistributionByGiniIndex EnglishLanguage 
"(&%incomeDistributionByGiniIndex ?AREA ?INDEX) means that in the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the distribution of family income is ?INDEX, 
as measured by the Gini index for family income distribution.")

(=>
  (incomeDistributionByGiniIndex ?AREA ?INDEX)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?INDEX 100.0))


(<=>
  (incomeDistributionByGiniIndexInPeriod ?AREA ?INDEX ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (incomeDistributionByGiniIndex ?AREA ?INDEX)))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  H. Inflation rate (consumer prices)

(instance inflationRateOfConsumerPricesInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain inflationRateOfConsumerPricesInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain inflationRateOfConsumerPricesInPeriod 2 RealNumber)
(domainSubclass inflationRateOfConsumerPricesInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation inflationRateOfConsumerPricesInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%inflationRateOfConsumerPricesInPeriod ?AREA ?FRACTION ?PERIOD) means 
that in the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the annual change in consumer 
prices was ?FRACTION, for the &%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD, 
compared with prices from the prior period.")

(=>
  (inflationRateOfConsumerPricesInPeriod ?AREA ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(instance inflationRateOfConsumerPrices BinaryPredicate)
(domain inflationRateOfConsumerPrices 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain inflationRateOfConsumerPrices 2 RealNumber)

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  I. Labor force

(instance laborForceTotalInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain laborForceTotalInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain laborForceTotalInPeriod 2 NonnegativeRealNumber)
(domainSubclass laborForceTotalInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation laborForceTotalInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%laborForceTotalInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that the total 
labor force of the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA is ?AMOUNT during the 
&%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD.  This includes unemployed workers.")

(instance laborForceTotal BinaryPredicate)
(domain laborForceTotal 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain laborForceTotal 2 NonnegativeRealNumber)

(documentation laborForceTotal EnglishLanguage 
"(&%laborForceTotal ?AREA ?AMOUNT) means that the total labor 
force of the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA is ?AMOUNT. This includes 
unemployed workers.")

(<=>
  (laborForceTotalInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (laborForceTotal ?AREA ?AMOUNT)))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  J. Labor force - by occupation

(instance laborForceFractionByOccupationInPeriod QuaternaryPredicate)
(domain laborForceFractionByOccupationInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain laborForceFractionByOccupationInPeriod 2 Attribute)
(domain laborForceFractionByOccupationInPeriod 3 RealNumber)
(domainSubclass laborForceFractionByOccupationInPeriod 4 TimeInterval)

(documentation laborForceFractionByOccupationInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%laborForceFractionByOccupationInPeriod ?AREA ?SECTOR ?FRACTION ?PERIOD) 
means that in the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, workers in the job area   
?SECTOR make up ?FRACTION of the labor force, during the &%TimeInterval 
indicated by ?PERIOD.  The unemployed are not included in these figures. 
Occupation may be indicated by an &%OccupationalRole or an 
&%IndustryAttribute.")

(=>
  (laborForceFractionByOccupationInPeriod ?AREA ?SECTOR ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))
 
(instance laborForceFractionByOccupation TernaryPredicate)
(domain laborForceFractionByOccupation 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain laborForceFractionByOccupation 2 Attribute)
(domain laborForceFractionByOccupation 3 RealNumber)

(documentation laborForceFractionByOccupation EnglishLanguage 
"(&%laborForceFractionByOccupation ?AREA ?SECTOR ?FRACTION) 
means that in the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, workers in the job area   
?SECTOR make up ?FRACTION of the labor force.  The unemployed are not 
included in these figures.  Occupation may be indicated by an 
&%OccupationalRole or an &%IndustryAttribute.")

(=>
  (laborForceFractionByOccupation ?AREA ?SECTOR ?FRACTION)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(<=>
  (laborForceFractionByOccupationInPeriod ?AREA ?SECTOR ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (laborForceFractionByOccupation ?AREA ?SECTOR ?FRACTION)))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  K. Unemployment rate

(instance unemploymentRateOfAreaInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain unemploymentRateOfAreaInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain unemploymentRateOfAreaInPeriod 2 RealNumber)
(domainSubclass unemploymentRateOfAreaInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation unemploymentRateOfAreaInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%unemploymentRateOfAreaInPeriod ?AREA ?RATE ?PERIOD) means that the 
unemployment rate in the &%GeographicalArea ?AREA is ?RATE, during the 
&%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD.")

(=>
  (unemploymentRateOfAreaInPeriod ?AREA ?RATE ?PERIOD)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?RATE 1.0))

(instance unemploymentRateOfArea BinaryPredicate)
(domain unemploymentRateOfArea 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain unemploymentRateOfArea 2 RealNumber)
(documentation unemploymentRateOfArea EnglishLanguage 
"(&%unemploymentRateOfArea ?AREA ?RATE) means that the 
unemployment rate in the &%GeographicalArea ?AREA is ?RATE.")

(=>
  (unemploymentRateOfArea ?AREA ?RATE)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?RATE 1.0))

(<=>
  (unemploymentRateOfAreaInPeriod ?AREA ?RATE ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (unemploymentRateOfArea ?AREA ?RATE)))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  L. Budget

(instance annualRevenuesOfAreaInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain annualRevenuesOfAreaInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain annualRevenuesOfAreaInPeriod 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domainSubclass annualRevenuesOfAreaInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation annualRevenuesOfAreaInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%annualRevenuesOfAreaInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that the 
annual budgetary revenues of the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA are ?AMOUNT 
for the annual &%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD, calculated in U.S. 
dollars according to the currency exchange rate method.")

(instance annualRevenuesOfArea BinaryPredicate)
(domain annualRevenuesOfArea 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain annualRevenuesOfArea 2 CurrencyMeasure)

(documentation annualRevenuesOfArea EnglishLanguage 
"(&%annualRevenuesOfArea ?AREA ?AMOUNT) means that the annual budgetary 
revenues of the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA are ?AMOUNT, calculated in U.S. 
dollars according  to the currency exchange rate method.")

(<=>
  (annualRevenuesOfAreaInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (annualRevenuesOfArea ?AREA ?AMOUNT)))))

;;---------------------------------
(instance annualExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain annualExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain annualExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domainSubclass annualExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation annualExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%annualExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that 
the annual budgetary expenditures of the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA are 
?AMOUNT for the annual &%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD, calculated 
in U.S. dollars according to the currency exchange rate method.")

(instance annualExpendituresOfArea BinaryPredicate)
(domain annualExpendituresOfArea 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain annualExpendituresOfArea 2 CurrencyMeasure)

(documentation annualExpendituresOfArea EnglishLanguage 
"(&%annualExpendituresOfArea ?AREA ?AMOUNT) means that the annual 
budgetary expenditures of the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA are ?AMOUNT, 
calculated in U.S. dollars according  to the currency exchange rate 
method.")

(<=>
  (annualExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (annualExpendituresOfArea ?AREA ?AMOUNT)))))

;;---------------------------------
;; PREDICATE
(instance capitalExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain capitalExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain capitalExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domainSubclass capitalExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation capitalExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%capitalExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that 
the annual capital expenditures of the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA are 
?AMOUNT for the annual &%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD, calculated in 
U.S. dollars according to the currency exchange rate method.  This figure 
is a portion of the &%annualExpendituresOfArea for ?AREA in ?PERIOD.")

(=>
  (and
    (capitalExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod ?AREA
      (MeasureFn ?CAPAMOUNT ?UNIT) ?PERIOD)
    (annualExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod ?AREA
      (MeasureFn ?TOTALAMOUNT ?UNIT) ?PERIOD))
  (greaterThan ?TOTALAMOUNT ?CAPAMOUNT))

;; PREDICATE
(instance capitalExpendituresOfArea BinaryPredicate)
(domain capitalExpendituresOfArea 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain capitalExpendituresOfArea 2 CurrencyMeasure)

(documentation capitalExpendituresOfArea EnglishLanguage 
"(&%capitalExpendituresOfArea ?AREA ?AMOUNT) means that the annual 
capital expenditures of the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA are ?AMOUNT, 
calculated in U.S. dollars according to the currency exchange rate 
method.  This figure is a portion of the &%annualExpendituresOfArea 
for ?AREA.")

(=>
  (and
    (holdsDuring ?TIME (capitalExpendituresOfArea ?AREA ?CAPAMOUNT))
    (holdsDuring ?TIME (annualExpendituresOfArea ?AREA ?TOTALAMOUNT)))
  (greaterThan ?TOTALAMOUNT ?CAPAMOUNT))


(<=>
  (capitalExpendituresOfAreaInPeriod ?AREA ?CAPAMOUNT ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (capitalExpendituresOfArea ?AREA ?CAPAMOUNT)))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  M. Industries

(instance industryOfArea BinaryPredicate)
(domain industryOfArea 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain industryOfArea 2 IndustryAttribute)

(documentation industryOfArea EnglishLanguage "(&%industryOfArea ?AREA ?SECTOR) 
means that the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA produces goods or services 
in the economic area ?SECTOR.")

(instance industryRankByOutput TernaryPredicate)
(domain industryRankByOutput 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain industryRankByOutput 2 IndustryAttribute)
(domain industryRankByOutput 3 PositiveInteger)

(documentation industryRankByOutput EnglishLanguage 
"(&%industryRankByOutput ?AREA ?SECTOR ?NTH) means that in the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the economic area ?SECTOR is ?NTH with 
respect to the value of its annual output.")

(=>
  (industryRankByOutput ?AREA ?SECTOR ?NTH)
  (industryOfArea ?AREA ?SECTOR))

(instance industryProductType BinaryPredicate)
(domain industryProductType 1 IndustryAttribute)
(domainSubclass industryProductType 2 Object)

(documentation industryProductType EnglishLanguage 
"(&%industryProductType ?INDUSTRY ?TYPE) means that organizations with 
the &%IndustryAttribute ?INDUSTRY produce products of the kind ?TYPE.")

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?ORG Organization)
    (attribute ?ORG ?INDUSTRY)
    (industryProductType ?INDUSTRY ?TYPE))
  (exists (?EVENT ?ITEM)
    (and
      (instance ?EVENT Making)
      (instance ?ITEM ?TYPE)
      (agent ?EVENT ?ORG)
      (result ?EVENT ?ITEM))))

(instance organizationProductType BinaryPredicate)
(domain organizationProductType 1 Organization)
(domainSubclass organizationProductType 2 Object)

(documentation organizationProductType EnglishLanguage 
"(&%organizationProductType ?BUSINESS ?TYPE) means that the &%Organization 
?BUSINESS produces products of the kind ?TYPE.")

(=>
  (and 
    (organizationProductType ?BUSINESS ?TYPE)
    (subclass ?TYPE ?GENUS))
  (organizationProductType ?BUSINESS ?GENUS))

(=>
  (and
    (industryProductType ?INDUSTRY ?TYPE)
    (instance ?INDUSTRY IndustryAttribute)
    (instance ?BUSINESS Organization)
    (attribute ?BUSINESS ?INDUSTRY))
  (organizationProductType ?BUSINESS ?TYPE))

(instance industryServiceType BinaryPredicate)
(domain industryServiceType 1 IndustryAttribute)
(domainSubclass industryServiceType 2 IntentionalProcess)

(documentation industryServiceType EnglishLanguage 
"(&%industryServiceType ?INDUSTRY ?TYPE) means that organizations with 
the &%IndustryAttribute ?INDUSTRY provide services of the kind ?TYPE.")

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?ORG Organization)
    (attribute ?ORG ?INDUSTRY)
    (industryServiceType ?INDUSTRY ?TYPE))
  (exists (?EVENT)
    (and
      (instance ?EVENT ?TYPE)
      (agent ?EVENT ?ORG))))

(instance organizationServiceType BinaryPredicate)
(domain organizationServiceType 1 Organization)
(domainSubclass organizationServiceType 2 IntentionalProcess)

(documentation organizationServiceType EnglishLanguage 
"(&%organizationServiceType ?BUSINESS ?TYPE) means that the &%Organization 
?BUSINESS provides services of the kind ?TYPE.")

(=>
  (and 
    (organizationServiceType ?BUSINESS ?TYPE)
    (subclass ?TYPE ?GENUS))
  (organizationServiceType ?BUSINESS ?GENUS))

(=>
  (and
    (industryServiceType ?INDUSTRY ?TYPE)
    (instance ?INDUSTRY IndustryAttribute)
    (instance ?BUSINESS Organization)
    (attribute ?BUSINESS ?INDUSTRY))
  (organizationServiceType ?BUSINESS ?TYPE))

(instance resultType BinaryPredicate)
(domain resultType 1 Process)
(domainSubclass resultType 2 Object)

(documentation resultType EnglishLanguage "(&%resultType ?PROCESS ?TYPE) means that 
the &%Process ?PROCESS produces some result(s) of the type ?TYPE.")

(=>
  (resultType ?PROCESS ?TYPE)
  (exists (?ITEM)
    (and
      (instance ?ITEM ?TYPE)
      (result ?PROCESS ?ITEM))))
    
;; Aerospace Industry (naics.kif): &%AerospaceProductAndPartsManufacturing

;; Aircraft Industry (naics.kif): &%AircraftManufacturing
(industryProductType AircraftManufacturing Aircraft)

;; Aluminum Industry (naics.kif): &%AluminaAndAluminumProductionAndProcessing
(industryProductType AluminaRefining Alumina)
;;(industryProductType PrimaryAluminumProduction AluminumMetal)

;; Automobile Industry (naics.kif): &%AutomobileAndLightDutyMotorVehicleManufacturing
(industryProductType AutomobileManufacturing Automobile)

;; Cement Industry (naics.kif): &%CementManufacturing
(industryProductType CementManufacturing Cement)

;; Chemical Industry (naics.kif): &%ChemicalManufacturing
;(industryProductType ChemicalManufacturing ChemicalProduct)

(instance CoalIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute CoalMining CoalIndustry)
(subAttribute CoalProductsManufacturing CoalIndustry)
(industryProductType CoalMining Coal)

;; TERMS - Creating specialization of term in naics.kif:
(subAttribute CoalProductsManufacturing PetroleumAndCoalProductsManufacturing)

(instance ConsumerGoodsIndustry IndustryAttribute)
;; (industryProductType ConsumerGoodsIndustry ConsumerGood)

(instance CopperIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute CopperOreMining CopperIndustry)
(subAttribute PrimarySmeltingAndRefiningOfCopper CopperIndustry)
(subAttribute CopperRollingDrawingExtrudingAndAlloying CopperIndustry)
(subAttribute CopperFoundriesExceptDieCasting CopperIndustry)
(industryProductType CopperOreMining CopperOre)

;; TERMS - Creating specialization of term in naics.kif:
(subAttribute CopperOreMining CopperOreAndNickelOreMining)

;; Electronics Industry (naics.kif): &%ComputerAndElectronicProductManufacturing
;; or (more specialized) &%SemiconductorAndOtherElectronicComponentManufacturing

(instance FertilizerIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute FertilizerManufacturing FertilizerIndustry)
(subAttribute FertilizerMineralMining FertilizerIndustry)
(subAttribute FertilizerMineralMining OtherChemicalAndFertilizerMineralMining)
(industryProductType FertilizerMineralMining Fertilizer)

;; Food Processing Industry (naics.kif): &%FoodManufacturing
(industryProductType FoodManufacturing (FoodForFn Animal))
; (industryProductType FoodManufacturing FoodProduct)

;; TERM
;; Footwear Industry (naics.kif): &%FootwearManufacturing
(industryProductType FootwearManufacturing Shoe)

(instance FurnitureIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute FurnitureAndRelatedProductManufacturing FurnitureIndustry)
(subAttribute FurnitureAndHomeFurnishingWholesalers FurnitureIndustry)
(subAttribute FurnitureAndHomeFurnishingsStores FurnitureIndustry)
(subAttribute FurnitureManufacturing FurnitureAndRelatedProductManufacturing)
(industryProductType FurnitureManufacturing Furniture)

(instance HandicraftIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute HandwovenCarpetManufacturing HandicraftIndustry)
;(industryProductType HandwovenCarpetManufacturing HandwovenCarpet)

(instance LeadIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute LeadOreMining LeadIndustry)
(subAttribute LeadManufacturing LeadIndustry)

;; TERM - Creating specialization of term in naics.kif:
(subAttribute LeadOreMining LeadOreAndZincOreMining)
(industryProductType LeadOreMining LeadOre)

(instance LeadManufacturing IndustryAttribute)
;;(industryProductType LeadManufacturing LeadProduct)

(instance LumberIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute ForestryAndLogging LumberIndustry)
(subAttribute WoodProductManufacturing LumberIndustry)
(subAttribute Millwork LumberIndustry)
(subAttribute LumberPlywoodMillworkAndWoodPanelWholesalers LumberIndustry)

(industryProductType ForestryAndLogging Timber)
;(industryProductType WoodProductManufacturing WoodProduct)
;(industryProductType Millwork WoodProduct)

;; Machinery Industry (naics.kif): &%MachineryManufacturing
(industryProductType MachineryManufacturing Machine)

;; TERM
(instance MetallurgyIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(industryProductType MetallurgyIndustry Metal)

(=>
  (instance ?ORG MetallurgicalPlant)
  (attribute ?ORG MetallurgyIndustry))

;; Metal Machine Tool Industry (naics.kif): &%MetalworkingMachineryManufacturing
;;(industryProductType MetalworkingMachineryManufacturing MachineTool)

(instance MiningIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute MiningExceptOilAndGas MiningIndustry)
(subAttribute SupportActivitiesForMetalMining MiningIndustry)
(subAttribute SupportActivitiesForNonmetallicMineralsExceptFuels MiningIndustry)

;; TERM - Creating specialization of term in naics.kif:
(subAttribute NickelOreMining CopperOreAndNickelOreMining)

(industryProductType IndustrialSandMining Sand)
(industryProductType IronOreMining IronOre)
(industryProductType KaolinAndBallClayMining Clay)
(industryProductType NickelOreMining NickelOre)
(industryProductType StoneMiningAndQuarrying Rock)

(instance MotorVehicleIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute MotorVehicleManufacturing MotorVehicleIndustry)
(subAttribute MotorVehiclePartsManufacturing MotorVehicleIndustry)
(subAttribute MotorVehicleBodyAndTrailerManufacturing MotorVehicleIndustry)
(subAttribute MotorVehicleAndMotorVehiclePartsAndSuppliesWholesalers MotorVehicleIndustry)
(subAttribute MotorVehicleAndPartsDealers MotorVehicleIndustry)

(industryProductType MotorVehicleManufacturing RoadVehicle)
(industryProductType TruckTrailerManufacturing Wagon)

;; TERM
(instance NaturalGasIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute NaturalGasLiquidExtraction NaturalGasIndustry)
(subAttribute NaturalGasDistribution NaturalGasIndustry)
(subAttribute PipelineTransportationOfNaturalGas NaturalGasIndustry)
(industryProductType NaturalGasIndustry NaturalGas)

;; TERM
(instance PetroleumIndustry IndustryAttribute)  ;; aka Oil Industry
(subAttribute PetroleumProductsManufacturing PetroleumIndustry)
(subAttribute PetroleumRefineries PetroleumIndustry)
(subAttribute CrudePetroleumExtraction PetroleumIndustry)
(subAttribute DrillingOilAndGasWells PetroleumIndustry)
(subAttribute SupportActivitiesForOilOperations PetroleumIndustry)
(subAttribute AsphaltPavingRoofingAndSaturatedMaterialsManufacturing PetroleumIndustry)

;; TERM - Creating specializations of terms in naics.kif:
(subAttribute SupportActivitiesForOilOperations SupportActivitiesForOilAndGasOperations)
(subAttribute PetroleumProductsManufacturing PetroleumAndCoalProductsManufacturing)
(subAttribute PetroleumLubricatingOilAndGreaseManufacturing  PetroleumProductsManufacturing)
(subAttribute CrudePetroleumExtraction CrudePetroleumAndNaturalGasExtraction)

(industryProductType CrudePetroleumExtraction Petroleum)
(industryProductType PetroleumRefineries RefinedPetroleumProduct)
(industryProductType PetroleumLubricatingOilAndGreaseManufacturing PetroleumLubricant)
(industryProductType AsphaltPavingRoofingAndSaturatedMaterialsManufacturing Asphalt)

;; TERM
(instance RefrigeratorAndFreezerIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute RefrigerationEquipmentManufacturing RefrigeratorAndFreezerIndustry)
(subAttribute RefrigerationEquipmentAndSuppliesWholesalers RefrigeratorAndFreezerIndustry)
(subAttribute RefrigeratedWarehousingAndStorage RefrigeratorAndFreezerIndustry)

;; TERM - Creating specialization of term in naics.kif:
(subAttribute CommercialAndIndustrialRefrigerationAndEquipmentManufacturing AirConditioningAndWarmAirHeatingEquipmentAndCommercialAndIndustrialRefrigerationEquipmentManufacturing)

;; TERM - Creating a generalization:
(instance RefrigerationEquipmentManufacturing IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute HouseholdRefrigeratorAndHomeFreezerManufacturing RefrigeratorAndFreezerIndustry)
(subAttribute CommercialAndIndustrialRefrigerationAndEquipmentManufacturing  RefrigeratorAndFreezerIndustry)

;; Soap Manufacturing (naics.kif): &%SoapAndOtherDetergentManufacturing
(industryProductType SoapAndOtherDetergentManufacturing Detergent)

(instance SteelIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute SteelMills SteelIndustry)
(subAttribute SteelForging SteelIndustry)
(subAttribute SteelFoundriesExceptInvestment SteelIndustry)
(subAttribute SteelInvestmentFoundries SteelIndustry)
(subAttribute SteelProductManufacturingFromPurchasedSteel SteelIndustry) 

;; TERMS - Creating specializations of terms in naics.kif:
(subAttribute SteelMills IronAndSteelMills)
(subAttribute IronMills IronAndSteelMills)
(subAttribute SteelForging IronAndSteelForging)
(subAttribute IronForging IronAndSteelForging)
;;(industryProductType SteelMills Steel)
;;(industryProductType IronMills IronMetal)


;; Telecommunications Industry (naics.kif): &%Telecommunications

(instance TextileIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute TextileMills TextileIndustry)
(subAttribute TextileProductMills TextileIndustry)
(industryProductType FabricMills Fabric)

;(subclass TextileProduct Artifact)
;(industryProductType TextileIndustry TextileProduct)

(instance TourismIndustry IndustryAttribute)

(documentation TourismIndustry EnglishLanguage "&%TourismIndustry is an &%Attribute that 
describes organizations that provide services or products for travellers 
who stay temporarily in a region to experience local attractions.  There 
is an overlap between &%TourismIndustry and each of the following 
industries: &%TravelArrangementAndReservationServices, 
&%TravelerAccommodation, &%MuseumsHistoricalSitesAndSimilarInstitutions, 
&%AmusementGamblingAndRecreationIndustries, and
&%ArtsEntertainmentAndRecreation.")

(relatedInternalConcept TravelArrangementAndReservationServices TourismIndustry)
(relatedInternalConcept TravelerAccommodation TourismIndustry)
(relatedInternalConcept MuseumsHistoricalSitesAndSimilarInstitutions TourismIndustry)
(relatedInternalConcept AmusementGamblingAndRecreationIndustries TourismIndustry)
(relatedInternalConcept ArtsEntertainmentAndRecreation TourismIndustry)

(instance VegetableOilIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute GrainAndOilseedMilling VegetableOilIndustry)

;; TERM - Creating specialization of term in naics.kif:
; naics StarchAndVegetableFatsAndOilsManufacturing 

(instance ZincIndustry IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute ZincOreMining ZincIndustry)
; is ZincIndustry only Mining or also manufacture?

;; TERM - Creating specialization of term in naics.kif:
(subAttribute ZincOreMining LeadOreAndZincOreMining)
(industryProductType ZincOreMining ZincOre)

(instance ZincManufacturing IndustryAttribute)
;(industryProductType ZincManufacturing ZincProduct)

;;new terms from Useful-terms_2023
;;
;;part inspection (SUMO Investigating)
(subclass PartInspection Investigating)
(documentation PartInspection EnglishLanguage "A &%PartInspection is a 
&%Process in &%Manufacture (ing) in which individual components of a &%Device or
a &%Product are physically and systematically examined to ensure that the manufactured 
parts meet the required specifications and quality standards.[wikipedia]")

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?X PartInspection)
    (patient ?X ?P)
    (instance ?P SelfConnectedObject))
  (exists (?A ?M)
    (and
      (part ?P ?A)
      (instance ?A Artifact)
      (instance ?M Manufacture)
      (result ?M ?A)
      (subProcess ?X ?M))))
    
(=>
  (instance ?X PartInspection)
  (hasPurpose ?X
    (exists (?O ?P)
      (and
        (instance ?O SelfConnectedObject)
        (patient ?X ?O)
        (instance ?P Proposition)
        (refers ?P ?O)
        (modalAttribute
          (conforms ?O ?P) Necessity)))))

;;ordering parts (sorting in a specific order)
(subclass OrderingParts Classifying)
(documentation OrderingParts EnglishLanguage "An &%OrderingParts is a 
&%Process in &%Manufacture (ing) in which individual parts are sorted 
in a specific order.")     
   
(=>
  (and
    (instance ?X OrderingParts)
    (patient ?X ?P))
  (exists (?A ?M)
    (and
      (part ?P ?A)
      (instance ?A Artifact)
      (instance ?M Manufacture)
      (result ?M ?A)
      (subProcess ?X ?M))))
(=>
  (and
    (instance ?X OrderingParts)
    (patient ?X ?P))
  (hasPurpose ?X
    (exists (?L)
      (and
        (instance ?L List)
        (inList ?P ?L)))))        
        
;;assembly station (SUMO Region that hasPurpose of Combining, Attaching)
(subclass AssemblyStation StationaryArtifact)
(subclass AssemblyStation Region)
(documentation AssemblyStation EnglishLanguage "An &%AssemblyStation is a 
&%StationaryArtifact in &%Manufacture (ing) where individual parts 
are combined or attached to the final product in a specific order.")

(=>
  (instance ?X AssemblyStation)
  (hasPurpose ?X
    (exists (?P)
      (and
        (instance ?P ProductAssembly)
        (eventLocated ?P ?X)))))
        
;;product assembly  (SUMO Combining, Attaching)
(subclass ProductAssembly DualObjectProcess)
(documentation ProductAssembly EnglishLanguage "A &%ProductAssembly is a 
&%subProcess in &%Manufacture (ing) in which individual parts 
are combined and attached to form the final product in a specific order.")


(=>
  (instance ?P ProductAssembly)
  (exists (?M)
    (and    
      (subProcess ?P ?M)
      (instance ?M Manufacture))))
    
(=>
  (and
    (instance ?P ProductAssembly)
    (eventLocated ?P ?X)
    (instance ?X AssemblyStation))
  (or
    (instance ?P Attaching)
    (instance ?P Combining)))
    
(=>
  (instance ?P ProductAssembly)
  (exists (?O ?Q ?W)
    (and
      (patient ?P ?O)
      (patient ?P ?Q)
      (not
        (equal ?O ?Q))
      (instance ?O SelfConnectedObject)
      (instance ?Q SelfConnectedObject)
      (part ?O ?W)
      (part ?Q ?W)
      (instance ?W Artifact)
      (result ?P ?W))))


;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  N. Industrial production growth rate

(instance industrialProductionGrowthRateInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain industrialProductionGrowthRateInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain industrialProductionGrowthRateInPeriod 2 RealNumber)
(domainSubclass industrialProductionGrowthRateInPeriod 3 TimeInterval) 

(documentation industrialProductionGrowthRateInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%industrialProductionGrowthRateInPeriod ?AREA ?RATE ?PERIOD) means 
that in the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the annual percentage increase in 
industrial production is ?RATE, for the &%TimeInterval ?PERIOD.")

(instance industrialProductionGrowthRate BinaryPredicate)
(domain industrialProductionGrowthRate 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain industrialProductionGrowthRate 2 RealNumber)

(documentation industrialProductionGrowthRate EnglishLanguage 
"(&%industrialProductionGrowthRate ?AREA ?RATE) means that in 
the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, the annual percentage increase in 
industrial production is ?RATE.")

(<=>
  (industrialProductionGrowthRateInPeriod ?AREA ?RATE ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (industrialProductionGrowthRate ?AREA ?RATE)))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  O. Electricity - production

(instance electricityProductionInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain electricityProductionInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain electricityProductionInPeriod 2 PhysicalQuantity)
(domainSubclass electricityProductionInPeriod 3 TimeInterval) 

(documentation electricityProductionInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%electricityProductionInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA generates ?AMOUNT of electricity, measured in 
&%KilowattHours, during the &%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD.")

(instance annualElectricityProduction BinaryPredicate)
(domain annualElectricityProduction 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain annualElectricityProduction 2 PhysicalQuantity)

(documentation annualElectricityProduction EnglishLanguage 
"(&%annualElectricityProduction ?AREA ?AMOUNT) means that the amount of 
electricity generated annually in the &%GeographicalArea ?AREA is 
?AMOUNT, measured in &%KilowattHours.")

(=>
  (and
    (electricityProductionInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
    (or
      (subclass ?PERIOD Year)
      (subclass ?PERIOD (FiscalYearFn ?AREA))))
  (exists (?YEAR)
    (and
      (instance ?YEAR ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?YEAR (annualElectricityProduction ?AREA ?AMOUNT)))))

(=>
  (and
    (holdsDuring ?YEAR (annualElectricityProduction ?AREA ?AMOUNT))
    (instance ?YEAR ?PERIOD)
      (or
        (subclass ?PERIOD Year)
        (subclass ?PERIOD (FiscalYearFn ?AREA))))
  (electricityProductionInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD))

(instance KilowattHour CompositeUnitOfMeasure)
(abbreviation "kWh" KilowattHour)

(documentation KilowattHour EnglishLanguage "&%KilowattHour is a &%UnitOfMeasure for 
energy that represents 1000 &%Watts (1 kW) of power expended over one 
hour (1 h) of time.  This is the unit commonly used in commercial 
power contexts.  It is equivalent to 3,600,000 &%Joules.")

(equal (MeasureFn 1 KilowattHour) (MeasureFn 3.6 (MegaFn Joule)))
(equal (MeasureFn 1 KilowattHour) (MeasureFn 3600000.0 Joule))

(=>
  (equal ?AMOUNT (MeasureFn ?X KilowattHour))
  (equal ?AMOUNT (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn 3600000.0 ?X) Joule)))


(=>
  (equal ?AMOUNT (MeasureFn ?X Joule))
  (equal ?AMOUNT (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn 0.0002778 ?X) Watt))) 

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  P. Electricity - production by source

(instance electricityFractionFromSourceInPeriod QuaternaryPredicate)
(domain electricityFractionFromSourceInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domainSubclass electricityFractionFromSourceInPeriod 2 PowerGeneration) 
(domain electricityFractionFromSourceInPeriod 3 RealNumber)
(domainSubclass electricityFractionFromSourceInPeriod 4 TimeInterval)

(documentation electricityFractionFromSourceInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%electricityFractionFromSourceInPeriod ?AREA ?SOURCE ?FRACTION ?PERIOD) 
means that in the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, ?SOURCE provides ?FRACTION 
of the total electricity production during the &%TimeInterval indicated 
by ?PERIOD.")

(=>
  (electricityFractionFromSourceInPeriod ?AREA ?SOURCE ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(instance electricityFractionFromSource TernaryPredicate)
(domain electricityFractionFromSource 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domainSubclass electricityFractionFromSource 2 PowerGeneration) 
(domain electricityFractionFromSource 3 RealNumber)

(documentation electricityFractionFromSource EnglishLanguage 
"(&%electricityFractionFromSource ?AREA ?SOURCE ?FRACTION) means that in 
the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, ?SOURCE provides ?FRACTION of the total 
electricity production.")

(=>
  (electricityFractionFromSource ?AREA ?SOURCE ?FRACTION)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))


(<=>
  (electricityFractionFromSourceInPeriod ?AREA ?SOURCE ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (electricityFractionFromSource ?AREA ?SOURCE ?FRACTION)))))

(subclass PowerGeneration Process)

(documentation PowerGeneration EnglishLanguage "&%PowerGeneration is the class of 
&%Processes in which some kind of power is generated either for immediate 
use in a &%Device or to be stored for future use.")

(subclass ElectricalPowerGeneration PowerGeneration)

(documentation ElectricalPowerGeneration EnglishLanguage "&%ElectricalPowerGeneration is 
the subclass of &%PowerGeneration processes in which electricity is 
generated.")

(subclass FossilFuelPowerGeneration PowerGeneration)

(subclass HydroElectricPowerGeneration ElectricalPowerGeneration)

(subclass NuclearPowerGeneration PowerGeneration)

(subclass OtherSourcePowerGeneration PowerGeneration)

(documentation OtherSourcePowerGeneration EnglishLanguage "&%OtherSourcePowerGeneration 
represents all non-fossil fuel, non-hydroelectric, and non-nuclear power 
generation processes, e.g., wind power generation.")

(disjointDecomposition PowerGeneration FossilFuelPowerGeneration HydroElectricPowerGeneration NuclearPowerGeneration OtherSourcePowerGeneration)

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  Q. Electricity - consumption
(instance electricityConsumptionInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain electricityConsumptionInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain electricityConsumptionInPeriod 2 PhysicalQuantity)
(domainSubclass electricityConsumptionInPeriod 3 TimeInterval) 

(documentation electricityConsumptionInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%electricityConsumptionInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?YEAR) means that 
the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA used ?AMOUNT of electricity (measured in 
&%KilowattHours) during the &%TimeInterval indicated by ?YEAR.")

(instance annualElectricityConsumption BinaryPredicate)
(domain annualElectricityConsumption 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain annualElectricityConsumption 2 PhysicalQuantity)

(documentation annualElectricityConsumption EnglishLanguage 
"(&%annualElectricityConsumption ?AREA ?AMOUNT) means that the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA uses ?AMOUNT of electricity (measured in 
&%KilowattHours) annually.")

(=>
  (and
    (electricityConsumptionInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
    (or
      (subclass ?PERIOD Year)
      (subclass ?PERIOD (FiscalYearFn ?AREA))))
  (exists (?YEAR)
    (and
      (instance ?YEAR ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?YEAR (annualElectricityConsumption ?AREA ?AMOUNT)))))

(=>
  (and
    (holdsDuring ?YEAR (annualElectricityConsumption ?AREA ?AMOUNT))
    (instance ?YEAR ?PERIOD)
      (or
        (subclass ?PERIOD Year)
        (subclass ?PERIOD (FiscalYearFn ?AREA))))
  (electricityConsumptionInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  R. Electricity - exports
(instance electricityExportInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain electricityExportInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain electricityExportInPeriod 2 PhysicalQuantity)
(domainSubclass electricityExportInPeriod 3 TimeInterval) 

(documentation electricityExportInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%electricityExportInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that 
the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA exported the total ?AMOUNT of electricity 
(measured in &%KilowattHours) during the &%TimeInterval indicated 
by ?PERIOD.")

(instance annualElectricityExport BinaryPredicate)
(domain annualElectricityExport 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain annualElectricityExport 2 PhysicalQuantity)

(documentation annualElectricityExport EnglishLanguage 
"(&%annualElectricityExport ?AREA ?AMOUNT) means that the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA exported the total ?AMOUNT of 
electricity (measured in &%KilowattHours) annually.")

(=>
  (and
    (electricityExportInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
    (or
      (subclass ?PERIOD Year)
      (subclass ?PERIOD (FiscalYearFn ?AREA))))
  (exists (?YEAR)
    (and
      (instance ?YEAR ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?YEAR (annualElectricityExport ?AREA ?AMOUNT)))))

(=>
  (and
    (holdsDuring ?YEAR (annualElectricityExport ?AREA ?AMOUNT))
    (instance ?YEAR ?PERIOD)
    (or
      (subclass ?PERIOD Year)
      (subclass ?PERIOD (FiscalYearFn ?AREA))))
  (electricityExportInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  S. Electricity - imports

(instance electricityImportInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain electricityImportInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain electricityImportInPeriod 2 PhysicalQuantity)
(domainSubclass electricityImportInPeriod 3 TimeInterval) 

(documentation electricityImportInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%electricityImportInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that 
the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA imported the total ?AMOUNT of electricity 
(measured in &%KilowattHours) during the &%TimeInterval indicated 
by ?PERIOD.")

;; PREDICATE
(instance annualElectricityImport BinaryPredicate)
(domain annualElectricityImport 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain annualElectricityImport 2 PhysicalQuantity)

(documentation annualElectricityImport EnglishLanguage 
"(&%annualElectricityImport ?AREA ?AMOUNT) means that the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA imported the total ?AMOUNT of 
electricity (measured in &%KilowattHours) annually.")

(=>
  (and
    (electricityImportInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
    (or
      (subclass ?PERIOD Year)
      (subclass ?PERIOD (FiscalYearFn ?AREA))))
  (exists (?YEAR)
    (and
      (instance ?YEAR ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?YEAR (annualElectricityImport ?AREA ?AMOUNT)))))

(=>
  (and
    (holdsDuring ?YEAR (annualElectricityImport ?AREA ?AMOUNT))
    (instance ?YEAR ?PERIOD)
    (or
      (subclass ?PERIOD Year)
      (subclass ?PERIOD (FiscalYearFn ?AREA))))
  (electricityImportInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  T. Agriculture - products

;; See section II. for Product representations

;; PREDICATE
(instance agriculturalProductType BinaryPredicate)
(domain agriculturalProductType 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domainSubclass agriculturalProductType 2 Object)

(documentation agriculturalProductType EnglishLanguage 
"(&%agriculturalProductType ?AREA ?TYPE) means that the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA produces a crop or other 
agricultural product of ?TYPE.")

;; PREDICATE
(instance agriculturalProductTypeByRank TernaryPredicate)
(domain agriculturalProductTypeByRank 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domainSubclass agriculturalProductTypeByRank 2 Object)
(domain agriculturalProductTypeByRank 3 PositiveInteger)

(documentation agriculturalProductTypeByRank EnglishLanguage 
"(&%agriculturalProductTypeByRank ?AREA ?TYPE ?NTH) means that the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA produces a crop or other 
agricultural product of ?TYPE, which is its ?NTH most important 
crop.")

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  U. Exports

(instance exportTotalInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain exportTotalInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain exportTotalInPeriod 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domainSubclass exportTotalInPeriod 3 TimeInterval) 

(documentation exportTotalInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%exportTotalInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that the 
total value of exports from the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA is ?AMOUNT 
(in &%UnitedStatesDollars) for the &%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD.  
Export value is calculated on a Free on Board (F.O.B.) basis.")

(instance annualExportTotal BinaryPredicate)
(domain annualExportTotal 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain annualExportTotal 2 CurrencyMeasure)

(documentation annualExportTotal EnglishLanguage 
"(&%annualExportTotal ?AREA ?AMOUNT) means that the total 
value of exports from the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA is ?AMOUNT 
(in &%UnitedStatesDollars) annually.  Export value is calculated 
on a Free on Board (F.O.B.) basis.")

(=>
  (and
    (exportTotalInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
      (or
        (subclass ?PERIOD Year)
        (subclass ?PERIOD (FiscalYearFn ?AREA))))
  (exists (?YEAR)
    (and
      (instance ?YEAR ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?YEAR (annualExportTotal ?AREA ?AMOUNT)))))

(=>
  (and
    (holdsDuring ?YEAR (annualExportTotal ?AREA ?AMOUNT))
    (instance ?YEAR ?PERIOD)
    (or
      (subclass ?PERIOD Year)
      (subclass ?PERIOD (FiscalYearFn ?AREA))))
  (exportTotalInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  V. Exports - commodities

;; See section II. for Product representations

(instance exportCommodityType BinaryPredicate)
(domain exportCommodityType 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domainSubclass exportCommodityType 2 Object) 

(documentation exportCommodityType EnglishLanguage 
"(&%exportCommodityType ?AREA ?TYPE) means that the &%GeopoliticalArea 
?AREA exports the commodity ?TYPE.")

(=>
  (exportCommodityType ?AGENT ?TYPE)
  (exists (?EXPORT ?OBJECT)
    (and
      (instance ?EXPORT Exporting)
      (agent ?EXPORT ?AGENT)
      (instance ?OBJECT ?TYPE)
      (patient ?EXPORT ?OBJECT))))

(instance exportCommodityTypeByRank TernaryPredicate)
(domain exportCommodityTypeByRank 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domainSubclass exportCommodityTypeByRank 2 Object) 
(domain exportCommodityTypeByRank 3 PositiveInteger) 

(documentation exportCommodityTypeByRank EnglishLanguage 
"(&%exportCommodityTypeByRank ?AREA ?TYPE ?NTH) means that the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA has the commodity ?TYPE as its ?NTH 
most valuable export.")

(=>
  (exportCommodityTypeByRank ?AREA ?TYPE ?RANK)
  (exportCommodityType ?AREA ?TYPE))

(=>
  (exportCommodityType ?AREA ?TYPE)
  (exists (?TRANSFER ?OBJECT)
    (and
      (instance ?TRANSFER Exporting)
      (agent ?TRANSFER ?AREA)
      (patient ?TRANSFER ?OBJECT)
      (instance ?OBJECT ?TYPE))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  W. Exports - partners

(instance exportPartnerInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain exportPartnerInPeriod 1 AutonomousAgent)
(domain exportPartnerInPeriod 2 AutonomousAgent)
(domainSubclass exportPartnerInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation exportPartnerInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%exportPartnerInPeriod ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2 ?PERIOD) means that the &%AutonomousAgent 
?AGENT1 exports goods to the &%AutonomousAgent ?AGENT2 during the &%TimeInterval 
indicated by ?PERIOD.")

(=>
  (exportPartnerInPeriod ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2 ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME ?EXPORT)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (instance ?EXPORT Exporting)
      (overlapsTemporally ?TIME (WhenFn ?EXPORT))
      (origin ?EXPORT ?AGENT1)
      (destination ?EXPORT ?AGENT2))))

(instance exportPartner BinaryPredicate)
(instance exportPartner IrreflexiveRelation)
(instance exportPartner PartialValuedRelation)
(domain exportPartner 1 AutonomousAgent)
(domain exportPartner 2 AutonomousAgent)

(documentation exportPartner EnglishLanguage "(&%exportPartner ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2) 
means that the &%AutonomousAgent ?AGENT1 exports goods to the &%AutonomousAgent 
?AGENT2.")

(=>
  (exportPartner ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)
  (exists (?EXPORT)
    (and
      (instance ?EXPORT Exporting)
      (origin ?EXPORT ?AGENT1)
      (destination ?EXPORT ?AGENT2))))

(<=>
  (exportPartnerInPeriod ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2 ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (exportPartner ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)))))

(subclass Exporting ChangeOfPossession)
(subclass Exporting OrganizationalProcess)
(subclass Exporting FinancialTransaction) 

(documentation Exporting EnglishLanguage "&%Exporting is the class of actions in 
which there is a &%ChangeOfPossession of goods shipped from a 
provider in one &%Nation to a destination in another &%Nation. 
Typically, there are &%Selling and &%Buying events associated 
with an &%Exporting.  Either the seller or the exporting country 
may be considered the &%origin of &%Exporting.")

(=>
  (instance ?EXPORT Exporting)
  (exists (?ITEM)
    (and
      (instance ?ITEM Object)
      (patient ?EXPORT ?ITEM))))

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?EXPORT Exporting)
    (patient ?EXPORT ?ITEM)
    (instance ?AREA GeopoliticalArea)
    (origin ?EXPORT ?AREA))
  (holdsDuring (BeginFn (WhenFn ?EXPORT))
    (located ?ITEM ?AREA)))

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?EXPORT Exporting)
    (patient ?EXPORT ?ITEM)
    (instance ?AREA GeopoliticalArea)
    (holdsDuring (BeginFn (WhenFn ?EXPORT))
      (located ?ITEM ?AREA)))
  (holdsDuring (EndFn (WhenFn ?EXPORT))
      (not
        (located ?ITEM ?AREA))))

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?EXPORT Exporting)
    (patient ?EXPORT ?ITEM)
    (instance ?AREA1 GeopoliticalArea)
    (holdsDuring (BeginFn (WhenFn ?EXPORT))
      (located ?ITEM ?AREA1)))
  (exists (?AREA2)
    (and
      (instance ?AREA2 GeopoliticalArea)
      (not (geopoliticalSubdivision ?AREA1 ?AREA2))
      (not (geopoliticalSubdivision ?AREA2 ?AREA1))
      (holdsDuring (EndFn (WhenFn ?EXPORT))
        (located ?ITEM ?AREA2)))))

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?EXPORT Exporting)
    (patient ?EXPORT ?ITEM)
    (instance ?AREA GeopoliticalArea)
    (destination ?EXPORT ?AREA))
  (holdsDuring (EndFn (WhenFn ?EXPORT))
    (located ?ITEM ?AREA)))

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?EXPORT Exporting)
    (patient ?EXPORT ?ITEM)
    (instance ?AREA1 GeopoliticalArea)
    (instance ?AREA2 GeopoliticalArea)
    (holdsDuring (BeginFn (WhenFn ?EXPORT))
      (located ?ITEM ?AREA1))
    (holdsDuring (EndFn (WhenFn ?EXPORT))
      (located ?ITEM ?AREA2)))
  (not (located ?AREA2 ?AREA1)))

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?EXPORT Exporting)
    (patient ?EXPORT ?ITEM)
    (instance ?AREA1 GeopoliticalArea)
    (origin ?EXPORT ?AREA1)
    (instance ?AREA2 GeopoliticalArea)
    (destination ?EXPORT ?AREA2))
  (not (equal ?AREA1 ?AREA2)))

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?EXPORT Exporting)
    (patient ?EXPORT ?ITEM)
    (instance ?AREA1 GeopoliticalArea)
    (origin ?EXPORT ?AREA1)
    (instance ?AREA2 GeopoliticalArea)
    (destination ?EXPORT ?AREA2))
  (not (located ?AREA2 ?AREA1)))

(instance exportPartnerByRankInPeriod QuaternaryPredicate)
(domain exportPartnerByRankInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain exportPartnerByRankInPeriod 2 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain exportPartnerByRankInPeriod 3 PositiveInteger)
(domainSubclass exportPartnerByRankInPeriod 4 TimeInterval)

(documentation exportPartnerByRankInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%exportPartnerByRankInPeriod ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?NTH ?PERIOD) means that 
the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA1 exports goods to &%GeopoliticalArea 
?AREA2 and is the ?NTH most important export partner of ?AREA1, 
in the &%TimeInterval ?PERIOD, based on U.S. dollar value of exports.")

(instance exportPartnerByRank TernaryPredicate)
(domain exportPartnerByRank 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain exportPartnerByRank 2 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain exportPartnerByRank 3 PositiveInteger)

(documentation exportPartnerByRank EnglishLanguage 
"(&%exportPartnerByRank ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?NTH) means that 
the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA1 exports goods to &%GeopoliticalArea 
?AREA2 and is the ?NTH most important export partner of ?AREA1, 
based on U.S. dollar value of exports.")

(<=>
  (exportPartnerByRankInPeriod ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?NTH ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (exportPartnerByRank ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?NTH)))))

(instance exportPartnerByFractionInPeriod QuaternaryPredicate)
(domain exportPartnerByFractionInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain exportPartnerByFractionInPeriod 2 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain exportPartnerByFractionInPeriod 3 PositiveRealNumber)
(domainSubclass exportPartnerByFractionInPeriod 4 TimeInterval)

(documentation exportPartnerByFractionInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%exportPartnerByFractionInPeriod ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?FRACTION ?PERIOD) means 
that the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA1 exports goods to &%GeopoliticalArea 
?AREA2 and receives ?FRACTION of the &%exportTotalInPeriod of ?AREA1 
in the &%TimeInterval ?PERIOD, based on U.S. dollar value of exports.")

(=>
  (exportPartnerByFractionInPeriod ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(instance exportPartnerByFraction TernaryPredicate)
(domain exportPartnerByFraction 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain exportPartnerByFraction 2 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain exportPartnerByFraction 3 PositiveRealNumber)

(documentation exportPartnerByFraction EnglishLanguage 
"(&%exportPartnerByFraction ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?FRACTION) means that 
the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA1 exports goods to &%GeopoliticalArea 
?AREA2 and receives ?FRACTION of the &%exportTotalInPeriod of ?AREA1, 
based on U.S. dollar value of exports.")

(=>
  (exportPartnerByFraction ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?FRACTION)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(<=>
  (exportPartnerByFractionInPeriod ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (exportPartnerByFraction ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?FRACTION)))))

;; 
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  X. Imports

(instance importTotalInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain importTotalInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain importTotalInPeriod 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domainSubclass importTotalInPeriod 3 TimeInterval) 

(documentation importTotalInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%importTotalInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that the 
total value of imports to the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA is ?AMOUNT 
(in &%UnitedStatesDollars) for the &%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD.  
Import value is calculated on a Cost, Insurance, and Freight (C.I.F.) 
or a Free on Board (F.O.B.) basis.")

(instance annualImportTotal BinaryPredicate)
(domain annualImportTotal 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain annualImportTotal 2 CurrencyMeasure)

(documentation annualImportTotal EnglishLanguage 
"(&%annualImportTotal ?AREA ?AMOUNT) means that the total 
value of imports to the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA is ?AMOUNT (in 
&%UnitedStatesDollars) annually.  Import value is calculated on a Cost, 
Insurance, and Freight (C.I.F.) or a Free on Board (F.O.B.) basis.")

(=>
  (and
    (importTotalInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
      (or
        (subclass ?PERIOD Year)
        (subclass ?PERIOD (FiscalYearFn ?AREA))))
  (exists (?YEAR)
    (and
      (instance ?YEAR ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?YEAR (annualImportTotal ?AREA ?AMOUNT)))))

(=>
  (and
    (holdsDuring ?YEAR (annualImportTotal ?AREA ?AMOUNT))
    (instance ?YEAR ?PERIOD)
    (or
      (subclass ?PERIOD Year)
      (subclass ?PERIOD (FiscalYearFn ?AREA))))
  (importTotalInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD))

;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  Y. Imports - commodities

;; See section II. for Product representations

(instance importCommodityType BinaryPredicate)
(domain importCommodityType 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domainSubclass importCommodityType 2 Object) 

(documentation importCommodityType EnglishLanguage 
"(&%importCommodityType ?AREA ?TYPE) means that the &%GeopoliticalArea 
?AREA imports the commodity ?TYPE.")

(instance importCommodityTypeByRank TernaryPredicate)
(domain importCommodityTypeByRank 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domainSubclass importCommodityTypeByRank 2 Object) 
(domain importCommodityTypeByRank 3 PositiveInteger) 

(documentation importCommodityTypeByRank EnglishLanguage 
"(&%importCommodityTypeByRank ?AREA ?TYPE ?NTH) means that the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA has the commodity ?TYPE as its ?NTH 
most valuable import.")

(=>
  (importCommodityTypeByRank ?AREA ?TYPE ?RANK)
  (importCommodityType ?AREA ?TYPE))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  Z. Imports - partners

(instance importPartnerInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
;; (instance importPartnerInPeriod IrreflexiveRelation)
(domain importPartnerInPeriod 1 AutonomousAgent)
(domain importPartnerInPeriod 2 AutonomousAgent)
(domainSubclass importPartnerInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation importPartnerInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%importPartnerInPeriod ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2 ?PERIOD) means that the &%AutonomousAgent 
?AGENT1 imports goods from the &%AutonomousAgent ?AGENT2 during the &%TimeInterval 
indicated by ?PERIOD.")

(=>
  (importPartnerInPeriod ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2 ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME ?EXPORT)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (instance ?EXPORT Exporting)
      (overlapsTemporally ?TIME (WhenFn ?EXPORT))
      (origin ?EXPORT ?AGENT2)
      (destination ?EXPORT ?AGENT1))))

(instance importPartner BinaryPredicate)
(instance importPartner IrreflexiveRelation)
(instance importPartner PartialValuedRelation)
(domain importPartner 1 AutonomousAgent)
(domain importPartner 2 AutonomousAgent)

(documentation importPartner EnglishLanguage "(&%importPartner ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2) means 
that the &%AutonomousAgent ?AGENT1 imports goods from the &%AutonomousAgent ?AGENT2.")

(=>
  (importPartner ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)
  (exists (?EXPORT)
    (and
      (instance ?EXPORT Exporting)
      (origin ?EXPORT ?AGENT2)
      (destination ?EXPORT ?AGENT1))))

(<=>
  (importPartnerInPeriod ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2 ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (importPartner ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2)))))

(instance importPartnerByRankInPeriod QuaternaryPredicate)
(domain importPartnerByRankInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain importPartnerByRankInPeriod 2 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain importPartnerByRankInPeriod 3 PositiveInteger)
(domainSubclass importPartnerByRankInPeriod 4 TimeInterval)

(documentation importPartnerByRankInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%importPartnerByRankInPeriod ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?NTH ?PERIOD) means that 
the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA1 imports goods from &%GeopoliticalArea 
?AREA2 is the ?NTH most important import partner of ?AREA1 during 
the &%TimeInterval ?PERIOD, based on U.S. dollar value of imports.")

(instance importPartnerByRank TernaryPredicate)
(domain importPartnerByRank 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain importPartnerByRank 2 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain importPartnerByRank 3 PositiveInteger)

(documentation importPartnerByRank EnglishLanguage 
"(&%importPartnerByRank ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?NTH) means that 
the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA1 imports goods from &%GeopoliticalArea 
?AREA2 is the ?NTH most important import partner of ?AREA1, based on 
U.S. dollar value of imports.")

(<=>
  (importPartnerByRankInPeriod ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?NTH ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (importPartnerByRank ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?NTH)))))

(instance importPartnerByFractionInPeriod QuaternaryPredicate)
(domain importPartnerByFractionInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain importPartnerByFractionInPeriod 2 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain importPartnerByFractionInPeriod 3 PositiveRealNumber)
(domainSubclass importPartnerByFractionInPeriod 4 TimeInterval)

(documentation importPartnerByFractionInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%importPartnerByFractionInPeriod ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?FRACTION ?PERIOD) means 
that the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA1 imports goods from &%GeopoliticalArea 
?AREA2 and provides ?FRACTION of the &%importTotalInPeriod of ?AREA1 
during the &%TimeInterval ?PERIOD, in U.S. dollar value of imports.")

(=>
  (importPartnerByFractionInPeriod ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(instance importPartnerByFraction TernaryPredicate)
(domain importPartnerByFraction 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain importPartnerByFraction 2 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain importPartnerByFraction 3 PositiveRealNumber)

(documentation importPartnerByFraction EnglishLanguage 
"(&%importPartnerByFraction ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?FRACTION) means that 
the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA1 imports goods from &%GeopoliticalArea 
?AREA2 and provides ?FRACTION of the &%importTotalInPeriod of ?AREA1, 
based on U.S. dollar value of imports.")

(=>
  (importPartnerByFraction ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?FRACTION)
  (lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 1.0))

(<=>
  (importPartnerByFractionInPeriod ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?FRACTION ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (importPartnerByFraction ?AREA1 ?AREA2 ?FRACTION)))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  AA. Debt - external

(instance externalDebtInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain externalDebtInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain externalDebtInPeriod 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domainSubclass externalDebtInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation externalDebtInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%externalDebtInPeriod ?COUNTRY ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?COUNTRY owes the total sum ?AMOUNT of debt (public 
and private) to nonresidents during the &%TimeInterval indicated by 
?PERIOD. The amount is valued in U.S. dollars but may be repayable in 
foreign currency, goods, or services.")

(instance externalDebt BinaryPredicate)
(domain externalDebt 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain externalDebt 2 CurrencyMeasure)

(documentation externalDebt EnglishLanguage "(&%externalDebt ?COUNTRY ?AMOUNT) means 
that the &%GeopoliticalArea ?COUNTRY owes the total sum ?AMOUNT of debt 
(public and private) to nonresidents.  The amount is valued in U.S. 
dollars but may be repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services.")

(<=>
  (externalDebtInPeriod ?COUNTRY ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (externalDebt ?COUNTRY ?AMOUNT)))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  BB. Economic aid - donor

(instance economicAidDonatedInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain economicAidDonatedInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain economicAidDonatedInPeriod 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domainSubclass economicAidDonatedInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation economicAidDonatedInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%economicAidDonatedInPeriod ?AGENT ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AGENT donated ?AMOUNT of aid (valued in U.S. dollars) 
to developing countries and multilateral organizations during the 
&%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD.  This figure covers 'net official 
development assistance' (ODA), which is net financial assistance from 
nations belonging to the 
&%OrganizationForEconomicCooperationAndDevelopment (OECD), with the main 
goal of promoting economic development and welfare.  Such aid contains a 
grant element of at least 25%.  This statistic does not cover private 
flows of assistance or other official flows (OOF).")

(instance economicAidDonated BinaryPredicate)
(domain economicAidDonated 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain economicAidDonated 2 CurrencyMeasure)

(documentation economicAidDonated EnglishLanguage 
"(&%economicAidDonated ?AGENT ?AMOUNT) means that the &%GeopoliticalArea 
?AREA donated ?AMOUNT of aid (valued in U.S. dollars) to developing 
countries and multilateral organizations.  This figure covers 'net 
official development assistance' (ODA), which is net financial assistance 
from nations belonging to the 
&%OrganizationForEconomicCooperationAndDevelopment (OECD), with the main 
goal of promoting economic development and welfare.  Such aid contains a 
grant element of at least 25%.  This statistic does not cover private 
flows of assistance or other official flows (OOF).")

(<=>
  (economicAidDonatedInPeriod ?COUNTRY ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (economicAidDonated ?COUNTRY ?AMOUNT)))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  CC. Economic aid - recipient

(instance economicAidReceivedNetInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain economicAidReceivedNetInPeriod 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain economicAidReceivedNetInPeriod 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domainSubclass economicAidReceivedNetInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation economicAidReceivedNetInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%economicAidReceivedNetInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA had a net inflow of Official Development Finance 
(ODF) of ?AMOUNT during the &%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD.  ODF 
includes funds from the World Bank, the IMF, other international 
organizations, and individual donor nations, including both grants and 
loans.  The figure includes formal commitments of aid not yet disbursed.  
The figure is the net amount of inflow after deducting repayments, 
valued in U.S. dollars.")

(instance economicAidReceivedNet BinaryPredicate)
(domain economicAidReceivedNet 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain economicAidReceivedNet 2 CurrencyMeasure)

(documentation economicAidReceivedNet EnglishLanguage 
"(&%economicAidReceivedNet ?AREA ?AMOUNT) means that the 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA had a net inflow of Official Development Finance 
(ODF) of ?AMOUNT.  ODF includes funds from the World Bank, the IMF, other 
international organizations, and individual donor nations, including both 
grants and loans.  The figure includes formal commitments of aid not yet 
disbursed.  The figure is the net amount of inflow after deducting 
repayments, valued in U.S. dollars.")

(<=>
  (economicAidReceivedNetInPeriod ?COUNTRY ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (economicAidReceivedNet ?COUNTRY ?AMOUNT)))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  DD. Currency

(instance currencyType BinaryPredicate)
(domain currencyType 1 GeopoliticalArea)
(domain currencyType 2 UnitOfCurrency)

(instance currencyType SingleValuedRelation)

(documentation currencyType EnglishLanguage "(&%currencyType ?AREA ?UNIT) means 
that the official currency used in the &%GeopoliticalArea ?AREA 
is the &%UnitOfMeasure ?UNIT.")

;; National currency units:

(instance AfghanAfghani UnitOfCurrency)
(currencyType Afghanistan AfghanAfghani)

(instance BritishPound UnitOfCurrency)
(currencyType UnitedKingdom BritishPound)

(instance CanadianDollar UnitOfCurrency)
(currencyType Canada CanadianDollar)

(instance FrenchFranc UnitOfCurrency)
(currencyType France EuroDollar)

(instance GermanMark UnitOfCurrency)
(currencyType Germany EuroDollar)

(instance ItalianLira UnitOfCurrency)
(currencyType Italy EuroDollar)

(instance JapaneseYen UnitOfCurrency)
(currencyType Japan JapaneseYen)

(instance TajikSomoni UnitOfCurrency)
(currencyType Tajikistan TajikSomoni)

(subclass AfghanAfghaniCoin CurrencyCoin)   
(currencyValue AfghanAfghaniCoin AfghanAfghani)   
(subclass BritishPoundCoin CurrencyCoin)   
(currencyValue BritishPoundCoin BritishPound)   
(subclass CanadianDollarCoin CurrencyCoin)   
(currencyValue CanadianDollarCoin CanadianDollar)   
(subclass EuroCentCoin CurrencyCoin)         
(currencyValue EuroCentCoin EuroCent)         
(subclass EuroDollarCoin CurrencyCoin)
;;(currencyValue EuroCoin Euro)       
(subclass FrenchFrancCoin CurrencyCoin)       
(currencyValue FrenchFrancCoin FrenchFranc)       
(subclass GermanMarkCoin CurrencyCoin)       
(currencyValue GermanMarkCoin GermanMark)       
(subclass ItalianLiraCoin CurrencyCoin)       
(currencyValue ItalianLiraCoin ItalianLira)       
(subclass JapaneseYenCoin CurrencyCoin)       
(currencyValue JapaneseYenCoin JapaneseYen)       
(subclass TajikSomoniCoin CurrencyCoin)       
(currencyValue TajikSomoniCoin TajikSomoni) 
      
(subclass UnitedStatesCentCoin CurrencyCoin) 
(currencyValue UnitedStatesCentCoin UnitedStatesCent) 

(subclass UnitedStatesFiveCentCoin CurrencyCoin) 
(currencyValue UnitedStatesFiveCentCoin (MeasureFn 5.0 UnitedStatesCent))

(subclass UnitedStatesTenCentCoin CurrencyCoin) 
(currencyValue UnitedStatesCentCoin (MeasureFn 10.0 UnitedStatesCent))
 
(subclass UnitedStatesQuarterCoin CurrencyCoin) 
(currencyValue UnitedStatesQuarterCoin (MeasureFn 25.0 UnitedStatesCent))
 
(subclass UnitedStatesDollarBill CurrencyBill)
(currencyValue UnitedStatesDollarBill UnitedStatesDollar)

(instance AlbanianLek UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Albania AlbanianLek)

(instance AlgerianDinar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Algeria AlgerianDinar)

(instance AngolanKwanza UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Angola AngolanKwanza)

(instance ArgentineAustral UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Argentina ArgentineAustral)

(instance ArmenianDram UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Armenia ArmenianDram)

(instance AustralianDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Australia AustralianDollar)

(instance AustrianSchilling UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Austria EuroDollar)

(instance AzerbaijaniManat UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Azerbaijan AzerbaijaniManat)

(instance BahamianDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType TheBahamas BahamianDollar)

(instance BahrainianDinar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Bahrain BahrainianDinar)

(instance BangladeshiTaka UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Bangladesh BangladeshiTaka)

(instance BarbadosDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Barbados BarbadosDollar)

(instance BelarusianRubel UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Belarus BelarusianRubel)

(instance BelgianFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Belgium EuroDollar)

(instance BelizeDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Belize BelizeDollar)

(instance BeninFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Benin BeninFranc)

(instance BermudaDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Bermuda BermudaDollar)

(instance BhutaneseNgultrum UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Bhutan BhutaneseNgultrum)

(instance BolivianBoliviano UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Bolivia BolivianBoliviano)

(instance BotswanaPula UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Botswana BotswanaPula)

(instance BrazilianReal UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Brazil BrazilianReal)

(instance BruneiDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Brunei BruneiDollar)

(instance BulgarianLev UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Bulgaria BulgarianLev)

(instance BurkinaFasoFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType BurkinaFaso BurkinaFasoFranc)

(instance BurundiFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Burundi BurundiFranc)

(instance CambodianRiel UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Cambodia CambodianRiel)

(instance CameroonFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Cameroon CameroonFranc)

(instance CapeVerdeEscudo UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType CapeVerde CapeVerdeEscudo)

(instance CaymanIslandsDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType CaymanIslands CaymanIslandsDollar)

(instance CentralAfricanRepublicFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType CentralAfricanRepublic CentralAfricanRepublicFranc)

(instance ChadianFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Chad ChadianFranc)

(instance ChileanPeso UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Chile ChileanPeso)

(instance ChineseYuan UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType China ChineseYuan)

(instance ColombianPeso UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Colombia ColombianPeso)

(instance CongoFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType DemocraticRepublicOfTheCongo CongoFranc)

(instance CostaRicanColon UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType CostaRica CostaRicanColon)

(instance CubanPeso UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Cuba CubanPeso)

(instance CypriotPound UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Cyprus EuroDollar)

(instance CzechKoruna UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType CzechRepublic CzechKoruna)

(instance DanishKrone UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Netherlands EuroDollar)

(instance DjiboutiFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Djibouti DjiboutiFranc)

(instance DominicanDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Dominica DominicanDollar)

(instance DominicanPeso UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Dominica DominicanPeso)

(instance DutchGuilder UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Netherlands DutchGuilder)

(instance EcuadoranSucre UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Ecuador EcuadoranSucre)

(instance EgyptianPound UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Egypt EgyptianPound)

(instance ElSalvadoranColon UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType ElSalvador ElSalvadoranColon)

(instance EstonianKroon UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Estonia EuroDollar)

(instance EthiopianBirr UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Ethiopia EthiopianBirr)

(instance FijiDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Fiji FijiDollar)

(instance FinnishMarkka UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Finland EuroDollar)

(instance GabonFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Gabon GabonFranc)

(instance GambianDalasi UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Gambia GambianDalasi)

(instance GeorgianLari UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType RepublicOfGeorgia GeorgianLari)

(instance GhanianCedi UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Ghana GhanianCedi)

(instance GreekDrachma UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Greece EuroDollar)

(instance GrenadaDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Grenada GrenadaDollar)

(instance GuatemalanQuetzal UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Guatemala GuatemalanQuetzal)

(instance GuineaBissauPeso UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType GuineaBissau GuineaBissauPeso)

(instance GuineanFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Guinea GuineanFranc)

(instance GuyanaDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Guyana GuyanaDollar)

(instance HaitianGourde UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Haiti HaitianGourde)

(instance HonduranLempira UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Honduras HonduranLempira)

(instance HongKongDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType HongKong HongKongDollar)

(instance HungarianForint UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Hungary HungarianForint)

(instance IcelandicKrona UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Iceland IcelandicKrona)

(instance IndianRupee UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType India IndianRupee)

(instance IndonesianRupiah UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Indonesia IndonesianRupiah)

(instance IranianRial UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Iran IranianRial)

(instance IraqiDinar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Iraq IraqiDinar)

(instance IrishPound UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Ireland EuroDollar)

(instance IsraeliShekel UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Israel IsraeliShekel)

(instance IvoryCoastFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType CoteDIvoire IvoryCoastFranc)

(instance JamaicanDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Jamaica JamaicanDollar)

(instance JordanianDinar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Jordan JordanianDinar)

(instance KazakhstaniTenge UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Kazakhstan KazakhstaniTenge)

(instance KenyanShilling UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Kenya KenyanShilling)

(instance KiribatiDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Kiribati KiribatiDollar)

(instance KuwaitiDinar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Kuwait KuwaitiDinar)

(instance KyrgyzstaniSom UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Kyrgyzstan KyrgyzstaniSom)

(instance LaotianKip UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Laos LaotianKip)

(instance LatvianLats UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Latvia EuroDollar)

(instance LebanesePound UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Lebanon LebanesePound)

(instance LesothoLoti UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Lesotho LesothoLoti)

(instance LiberianDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Liberia LiberianDollar)

(instance LibyanDinar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Libya LibyanDinar)

(instance LithuanianLitas UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Lithuania EuroDollar)

(instance LuxembourgFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Luxembourg EuroDollar)

(instance MacaoPataca UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Macau MacaoPataca)

(instance MadagascarFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Madagascar MadagascarFranc)

(instance MalawianKwacha UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Malawi MalawianKwacha)

(instance MalaysianRinggit UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Malaysia MalaysianRinggit)

(instance MaliFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Mali MaliFranc)

(instance MalteseLira UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Malta EuroDollar)

(instance MauritanianOuguiya UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Mauritius MauritanianOuguiya)

(instance MauritianRupee UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Mauritius MauritianRupee)

(instance MexicanPeso UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Mexico MexicanPeso)

(instance MoldovanLeu UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Moldova MoldovanLeu)

(instance MongolianTugrik UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Mongolia MongolianTugrik)

(instance MoroccanDirham UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Morocco MoroccanDirham)

(instance MozambiqueMetical UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Mozambique MozambiqueMetical)

(instance MyanmarKyat UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Myanmar MyanmarKyat)

(instance NepaleseRupee UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Nepal NepaleseRupee)

(instance NewZealandDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType NewZealand NewZealandDollar)

(instance NicaraguanCordoba UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Nicaragua NicaraguanCordoba)

(instance NigerFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Niger NigerFranc)

(instance NigerianNaira UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Nigeria NigerianNaira)

(instance NorthKoreanWon UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType NorthKorea NorthKoreanWon)

(instance NorwegianKrone UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Norway NorwegianKrone)

(instance OmaniRiyal UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Oman OmaniRiyal)

(instance PakistaniRupee UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Pakistan PakistaniRupee)

(instance PanamanianBalboa UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Panama PanamanianBalboa)

(instance PapuanKina UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType PapuaNewGuinea PapuanKina)

(instance ParaguayanGuarani UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Paraguay ParaguayanGuarani)

(instance PeruvianInti UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Peru PeruvianInti)

(instance PhilippinePeso UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Philippines PhilippinePeso)

(instance PolishZloty UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Poland PolishZloty)

(instance PortugueseEscudo UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Portugal EuroDollar)

(instance QatariRiyal UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Qatar QatariRiyal)

(instance RomanianLeu UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Romania RomanianLeu)

(instance RussianRuble UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Russia RussianRuble)

(instance RwandaFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Rwanda RwandaFranc)

(instance SaoThomeEPrincipeDobra UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType SaoTomeAndPrincipe SaoThomeEPrincipeDobra)

(instance SaudiArabianRiyal UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType SaudiArabia SaudiArabianRiyal)

(instance SenegaleseFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Senegal SenegaleseFranc)

(instance SeychellesRupee UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Seychelles SeychellesRupee)

(instance SierraLeoneLeone UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType SierraLeone SierraLeoneLeone)

(instance SingaporeDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Singapore SingaporeDollar)

(instance SlovakianKoruna UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Slovakia EuroDollar)

(currencyType Slovenia EuroDollar)

(instance SomalianShilling UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Somalia SomalianShilling)

(instance SouthAfricanRand UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType SouthAfrica SouthAfricanRand)

(instance SouthKoreanWon UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType SouthKorea SouthKoreanWon)

(instance SpanishPeseta UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Spain EuroDollar)

(instance SriLankanRupee UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType SriLanka SriLankanRupee)

(instance SudanesePound UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Sudan SudanesePound)

(instance SurinameseGuilder UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Suriname SurinameseGuilder)

(instance SwazilandLilangeni UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Swaziland SwazilandLilangeni)

(instance SwedishKrona UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Sweden SwedishKrona)

(instance SwissFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Switzerland SwissFranc)

(instance SyrianPound UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Syria SyrianPound)

(instance TaiwanDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Taiwan TaiwanDollar)

(instance TajikistaniRuble UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Tajikistan TajikistaniRuble)

(instance TanzanianShilling UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Tanzania TanzanianShilling)

(instance ThaiBaht UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Thailand ThaiBaht)

(instance TogoFranc UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Togo TogoFranc)

(instance TonganPaanga UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Tonga TonganPaanga)

(instance TrinidadAndTobagoDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType TrinidadAndTobago TrinidadAndTobagoDollar)

(instance TunisianDinar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Tunisia TunisianDinar)

(instance TurkishLira UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Turkey TurkishLira)

(instance TurkmenManat UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Turkmenistan TurkmenManat)

(instance TuvaluDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Tuvalu TuvaluDollar)

(instance UgandanShilling UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Uganda UgandanShilling)

(instance UkranianHryvnia UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Ukraine UkranianHryvnia)

(instance UnitedArabEmirateDirham UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType UnitedArabEmirates UnitedArabEmirateDirham)

(instance UruguayanPeso UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Uruguay UruguayanPeso)

(instance UzbekistaniSom UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Uzbekistan UzbekistaniSom)

(instance VenezuelanBolivar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Venezuela VenezuelanBolivar)

(instance VietnameseDong UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Vietnam VietnameseDong)

(instance WesternSamoanTala UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Samoa WesternSamoanTala)

(instance YemeniRial UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Yemen YemeniRial)

(instance YugoslavianDinar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Yugoslavia YugoslavianDinar)

(currencyType DemocraticRepublicOfTheCongo ZaireseZaire)

(instance ZaireseZaire UnitOfCurrency)

(instance ZambianKwacha UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Zambia ZambianKwacha)

(instance ZimbabweanDollar UnitOfCurrency)

(currencyType Zimbabwe ZimbabweanDollar)

(instance currencyValue BinaryPredicate)
(domainSubclass currencyValue 1 Currency)
(domain currencyValue 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(documentation currencyValue EnglishLanguage "The currencyValue is a relation between
a physical instrument of currency, such as a bill or coin, and the
measure of its worth in a particular currency.")

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  EE. Currency code

(instance currencyCode BinaryPredicate)
(domain currencyCode 1 SymbolicString)
(domain currencyCode 2 UnitOfCurrency)
(subrelation currencyCode abbreviation)

(documentation currencyCode EnglishLanguage "(&%currencyCode ?CODE ?UNIT) means 
that ?CODE is the &%InternationalOrganizationForStandardization 
(ISO) 4217 alphabetic currency code for the national 
&%CurrencyMeasure ?UNIT.")

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  FF. Exchange rates

(instance currencyExchangePerUSDollar BinaryPredicate)
(domain currencyExchangePerUSDollar 1 CurrencyMeasure)
(domainSubclass currencyExchangePerUSDollar 2 TimeInterval)

(documentation currencyExchangePerUSDollar EnglishLanguage 
"(&%currencyExchangePerUSDollar ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that one 
&%UnitedStatesDollar is worth ?AMOUNT (in a non-U.S. &%CurrencyMeasure), 
during the &%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD.  The rate of exchange may 
be based either on international market forces or official fiat.")

(instance currencyExchangeRateInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain currencyExchangeRateInPeriod 1 UnitOfCurrency)
(domain currencyExchangeRateInPeriod 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domainSubclass currencyExchangeRateInPeriod 3 TimeInterval)

(documentation currencyExchangeRateInPeriod EnglishLanguage 
"(&%currencyExchangeRateInPeriod ?UNIT ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means that the 
currency denomination ?UNIT is worth ?AMOUNT (which is expressed in another 
&%UnitOfCurrency) during the &%TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD.")

(<=>
  (currencyExchangePerUSDollar ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
  (currencyExchangeRateInPeriod UnitedStatesDollar ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD))

(instance currencyExchangeRate BinaryPredicate)
(domain currencyExchangeRate 1 UnitOfCurrency)
(domain currencyExchangeRate 2 CurrencyMeasure)

(documentation currencyExchangeRate EnglishLanguage 
"(&%currencyExchangeRate ?UNIT ?AMOUNT) means that the currency 
denomination ?UNIT is worth ?AMOUNT (which is in another 
&%CurrencyMeasure).")

(<=>
  (currencyExchangePerUSDollar ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (currencyExchangeRate UnitedStatesDollar ?AMOUNT)))))

(<=>
  (currencyExchangeRateInPeriod ?UNIT ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD)
  (exists (?TIME)
    (and
      (instance ?TIME ?PERIOD)
      (holdsDuring ?TIME (currencyExchangeRate ?UNIT ?AMOUNT)))))

;;
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;;  GG. Fiscal year

(instance fiscalYearPeriod BinaryPredicate)
(domain fiscalYearPeriod 1 AutonomousAgent)
(domainSubclass fiscalYearPeriod 2 TimeInterval)

(documentation fiscalYearPeriod EnglishLanguage "The predicate &%fiscalYearPeriod 
indicates the period that an &%AutonomousAgent or &%Organization uses as its 
12-month accounting period.  (&%fiscalYearPeriod ?AGENT &%Year) means 
that ?AGENT observes its 12-month accounting period during the 
regular calendar year (CY), from &%January to &%December.  For 
fiscal years with other beginning and ending months (FYs), use 
(&%fiscalYearPeriod ?AGENT (&%RecurrentTimeIntervalFn ?STARTMONTH ?ENDMONTH)).  
For example, (&%fiscalYearPeriod (&%GovernmentFn &%UnitedStates) 
(&%RecurrentTimeIntervalFn &%October &%September)).  For FYs that begin 
or end mid-month, days may be specified within &%RecurrentTimeIntervalFn.")

;; FUNCTION:
(instance FiscalYearFn UnaryFunction)
(domain FiscalYearFn 1 AutonomousAgent)
(rangeSubclass FiscalYearFn TimeInterval)

(documentation FiscalYearFn EnglishLanguage "(&%FiscalYearFn ?PLACE) denotes the subclass 
of &%TimeIntervals that are &%fiscalYearPeriods of the &%Organization or 
&%GeopoliticalArea ?PLACE.")

(=>
  (equal ?FY (FiscalYearFn ?PLACE))
  (or
    (instance ?PLACE GeopoliticalArea)
    (instance ?PLACE Organization)))

(=>
  (and
    (fiscalYearPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD)
    (instance ?FY (FiscalYearFn ?PLACE)))
  (instance ?FY ?PERIOD))

(=>
  (instance ?FY (FiscalYearFn ?PLACE))
  (duration ?FY (MeasureFn 1 YearDuration)))

;; FUNCTION:
(instance FiscalYearStartingFn BinaryFunction)

(domain FiscalYearStartingFn 1 AutonomousAgent)
(domainSubclass FiscalYearStartingFn 2 Year)

(range FiscalYearStartingFn TimeInterval)

(documentation FiscalYearStartingFn EnglishLanguage "(&%FiscalYearStartingFn ?PLACE ?YEAR) 
denotes the particular fiscal year that is observed in ?PLACE and begins  
during the calendar &%Year indicated by ?YEAR.")

(=>
  (equal ?FY (FiscalYearStartingFn ?PLACE ?YEAR))
  (or
    (instance ?PLACE GeopoliticalArea)
    (instance ?PLACE Organization)))

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?PLACE AutonomousAgent)
    (subclass ?YEAR Year))
  (instance (FiscalYearStartingFn ?PLACE ?YEAR) (FiscalYearFn ?PLACE)))

(=>
  (equal ?FY (FiscalYearStartingFn ?PLACE ?YEAR))
  (duration ?FY (MeasureFn 1 YearDuration)))

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?FY (FiscalYearStartingFn ?PLACE ?YEAR))
    (fiscalYearPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD))
  (instance ?FY ?PERIOD))
            
(=>
  (and
    (equal ?FY (FiscalYearStartingFn ?PLACE ?YEAR))
    (fiscalYearPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD)
    (instance ?FY ?PERIOD))
  (exists (?DAY ?INST)
    (and
      (instance ?DAY Day)
      (starts ?DAY ?FY)
      (instance ?INST ?YEAR)
      (temporalPart ?DAY ?INST))))

;; ==========================================================================

;; Part II. Economy Background Terms for CIA World Fact Book
;;   A.  Agricultural Products
;;  B.  Raw Materials and Resources (Non-agricultural)
;;     C.  Manufactured Goods (1): Capital Goods
;;  D.  Manufactured Goods (2): Consumer Goods
;;     (a) Durable Goods 
;;     (b) Non-durable Consumer Goods
;;  E.  Agricultural Production Processes

;;----------------------------------------------------------------------------

;;EconomicRole - a class made for better organisation of the instances.
(subclass EconomicRole RelationalAttribute)
(documentation EconomicRole EnglishLanguage "A &%Class of &%RelationalAttributes that specify the 
&%EconomicRole of a &%Object or &%Process in the economy.")

;; A.  Agricultural Products
; 10/07/2011: Products are manufactured by their logical definition in Merge.kif 12976-12981, so we have  an issue with AgriculturalProducts.
;  Adam says we comment it out and introduce instead AgriculturalArtifact subclass of Artifact, in Society.kif
;(subclass AgriculturalProduct Product)

;(documentation AgriculturalProduct EnglishLanguage "&%AgriculturalProduct is the subclass of &%OrganicThing that comprises the products of agricultural 
;activity.")

;(=>
;  (instance ?AG Agriculture)
;  (resultType ?AG AgriculturalProduct))

;(subclass PlantAgriculturalProduct OrganicThing)

;(documentation PlantAgriculturalProduct EnglishLanguage "&%PlantAgriculturalProduct 
;is the class of &%AgriculturalProducts that are vegetable in nature, 
;in the widest sense, e.g., fruits, grains, green vegetables, cotton, 
;linen, flowers, wine, and hops.")

;(subclass AnimalAgriculturalProduct AgriculturalProduct)

;(documentation AnimalAgriculturalProduct EnglishLanguage 
;"&%AnimalAgriculturalProduct is the class of &%AgriculturalProducts 
;that are animal in nature, including meat, fish, dairy products, 
;hides, furs, animal fats and oils, etc.")

;; TERMS:
;; Jennie Pease 29Mar2023
;; adding documentation to the following terms for these plants
(subclass CerealGrass Grass)
(documentation CerealGrass EnglishLanguage "&%CerealGrass are &%Grass whose starchy &%Grains are used as 
food.")

(subclass PaddyRice CerealGrass)
(documentation PaddyRice EnglishLanguage "Oryza sativa, common known as  Asian rice, is the plant species 
most commonly referred to in Engish as rice. Oryza is a genus of plants in the &%Grass family.")

(subclass MaizeGrass CerealGrass)
(documentation MaizeGrass EnglishLanguage "Maize plant, also known as cron, is in the genus of Zea. It is 
in the Poaceae &%Grass family.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage MaizeGrass "maize grass")

(subclass SorghumGrass CerealGrass)
(documentation SorghumGrass EnglishLanguage "Sorghum is a genus of about 25 species in the Poaceae 
&%Grass family.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage SorghumGrass "sorghum grass")

(subclass AegilopsGrass Grass)
(documentation AegilopsGrass EnglishLanguage "Aegilops is a genus of Eurasian and North American plants 
in the grass family, Poaceae. They are known generally as goatgrasses. It is a diploid (2 sets of chromosomes) 
goatgrass. Genus Aegilops has played an important role in the taxonomy of wheat. The familiar common wheat
(Triticum aestivum) arose when cultivated emmer wheat hybridized with Aegilops tauschii about 8,000 years 
ago.[wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage AegilopsGrass "Aegilops grass")
(names "goat grass" AegilopsGrass)

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?A AegilopsGrass)
    (part ?C ?A)
    (instance ?C ?CLASS))
  (subclass ?CLASS DiploidCell))

(subclass AegilopsTauschii AegilopsGrass)
(documentation AegilopsTauschii EnglishLanguage "Aegilops tauschii, the Tausch's goatgrass or
 rough-spike hard grass, is an annual grass species. Aegilops tauschii is part of the tribe Triticeae, 
 along with wheat. This diploid (2 sets of chromosomes) goatgrass species has contributed 
 the D genome to common wheat.[wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage AegilopsTauschii "Aegilops Tauschii")

(subclass AegilopsSpeltoides AegilopsGrass)
(documentation AegilopsSpeltoides EnglishLanguage "Aegilops speltoides is an edible goatgrass in the family 
Poaceae native to Southeastern Europe and Western Asia, which is often used for animal feed, and it has 
grown in cultivated beds. Aegilops speltoides is a diploid (2 sets of chromosomes). [wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage AegilopsSpeltoides "Aegilops Speltoides")

(subclass WheatGrass CerealGrass)
(documentation WheatGrass EnglishLanguage "Wheat is widely cultivated for its &%seed, &%WheatGrain. 
It is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat plant make up the genus Triticum.[wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage WheatGrass "wheat grass")

(subclass EmmerWheatGrass WheatGrass)
(documentation EmmerWheatGrass EnglishLanguage "Emmer wheat or hulled wheat is a type of awned wheat. 
Emmer is a tetraploid (4 sets of chromosomes). This tetraploid wheat is formed by the hybridization 
of two diploid wild grasses (2 sets of chromomsomes), Triticum urartu, closely related to wild einkorn 
(T. boeoticum), and an as yet unidentified Aegilops species related to A. searsii or A. speltoides. [wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage EmmerWheatGrass "emmer wheat grass")

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?E EmmerWheatGrass)
    (part ?C ?E)
    (instance ?C ?CLASS))
  (subclass ?CLASS TetraploidCell))

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?COLL Collection)
    (memberType ?COLL Chromosome)
    (member ?M ?COLL)
    (part ?M EmmerWheatGrass))
  (exists (?A ?B ?X ?Y)
    (and
      (subCollection ?A ?COLL)
      (instance ?A HomologousChromosomeSet)
      (memberType ?A ?X)      
      (initialPart ?X EinkornWheatGrass)
      (subCollection ?B ?COLL)
      (instance ?B HomologousChromosomeSet)
      (memberType ?B ?Y)      
      (initialPart ?Y AegilopsGrass))))
      
(subclass DurumWheatGrass WheatGrass)
(documentation DurumWheatGrass EnglishLanguage "Durum wheat also called pasta wheat 
or macaroni wheat (Triticum durum or Triticum turgidum subsp. durum), is a tetraploid 
species of wheat, having four sets of chromosomes. Durum wheat originated through 
intergeneric hybridization and polyploidization involving two diploid grass species: 
T. urartu and a Aegilops speltoides.[wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage DurumWheatGrass "durum wheat grass")

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?E DurumWheatGrass)
    (part ?C ?E)
    (instance ?C ?CLASS))
  (subclass ?CLASS TetraploidCell))

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?COLL Collection)
    (memberType ?COLL Chromosome)
    (member ?M ?COLL)
    (part ?M DurumWheatGrass))
  (exists (?A ?B ?X ?Y)
    (and
      (subCollection ?A ?COLL)
      (instance ?A HomologousChromosomeSet)
      (memberType ?A ?X)      
      (initialPart ?X TriticumUrartu)
      (subCollection ?B ?COLL)
      (instance ?B HomologousChromosomeSet)
      (memberType ?B ?Y)      
      (initialPart ?Y AegilopsSpeltoides))))
      
(subclass EinkornWheatGrass WheatGrass)
(documentation EinkornWheatGrass EnglishLanguage "Einkorn wheat can refer either to a wild species of wheat (Triticum) 
or to its domesticated form. The wild form is T. boeoticum, and the domesticated form is T. monococcum.Einkorn is a 
diploid species (2 sets of chromosomes) of hulled wheat, with tough glumes ('husks') that tightly enclose the grains.[wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage EinkornWheatGrass "einkorn wheat grass")

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?E EinkornWheatGrass)
    (part ?C ?E)
    (instance ?E ?CLASS))
  (subclass ?CLASS DiploidCell))
  
(subclass TriticumUrartu WheatGrass)
(documentation TriticumUrartu EnglishLanguage "riticum urartu, 
also known as red wild einkorn wheat,[2] and a form of einkorn wheat, is a grass species 
related to wheat, and native to western Asia. It is a diploid (2 sets of chromosome. [wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage TriticumUrartu "Triticum urartu")
(names "red wild einkron wheat" TriticumUrartu)    

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?E TriticumUrartu)
    (part ?C ?E)
    (instance ?E ?CLASS))
  (subclass ?CLASS DiploidCell))
                
(subclass CommonWheatGrass WheatGrass)
(documentation CommonWheatGrass EnglishLanguage "&%CommonWheatGrass, (Triticum.aestivum), also 
known as bread wheat, is a cultivated wheat species. Itis an allohexaploid – a combination of 
six sets of chromosomes from different species. Of the six sets of chromosomes, four come from 
emmer (Triticum turgidum, itself a tetraploid) and two from Aegilops tauschii (a wild diploid 
goatgrass). [wikiepedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CommonWheatGrass "common wheat grass") 

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?C CommonWheatGrass)
    (part ?CELL ?C)
    (instance ?CELL ?CLASS))
  (subclass ?CLASS HexaploidCell))

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?COLL Collection)
    (memberType ?COLL Chromosome)
    (member ?M ?COLL)
    (part ?M CommonWheatGrass))
  (exists (?A ?B ?X ?Y)
    (and
      (subCollection ?A ?COLL)
      (instance ?A HomologousChromosomeSet)
      (memberType ?A ?X)      
      (initialPart ?X EmmerWheatGrass)
      (subCollection ?B ?COLL)
      (instance ?B HomologousChromosomeSet)
      (memberType ?B ?Y)      
      (initialPart ?Y AegilopsTauschii))))
                   
(subclass SpeltWheatGrass WheatGrass)
(documentation SpeltWheatGrass EnglishLanguage "&%SpeltWheatGrass, (Triticum.spelta)
, also known as dinkel wheat or hulled wheat.  Like common wheat, it is a hexaploid 
wheat, which means it has six sets of chromosomes.[wikiepedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage SpeltWheatGrass "spelt wheat grass") 

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?C SpeltWheatGrass)
    (part ?CELL ?C)
    (instance ?CELL ?CLASS))
  (subclass ?CLASS HexaploidCell))
         
(subclass RyeGrass CerealGrass)
(documentation RyeGrass EnglishLanguage "Rye (Secale cereale) is a member of the tibe Triticeae related 
to both wheat (Triticum) and barley (genus Hordeum). Rye is a &%CerealGrass and should not be 
confused with ryegrass, Lolium, a genus of tuffted grasses in the bluegrass subfamily (Pooideae), which 
is used for lawns, pasture and hay for livestock. ")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage RyeGrass "rye grass")

(subclass OatGrass CerealGrass)
(documentation OatGrass EnglishLanguage "The Oat (Avena Sativa), sometimes called the common oat, is 
a species of &%CerealGrain grown for its &%Seed.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage OatGrass "oat grass")

(subclass BarleyGrass CerealGrass)
(documentation BarleyGrass EnglishLanguage "Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a member of the &%Grass family. 
It is a major &%CerealGrain grown in the temperate climates globally.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage BarleyGrass "barley grass")

(subclass MilletGrass CerealGrass)
(documentation MilletGrass EnglishLanguage "Millets are &%CerealGrass grown for their &%Seeds as well 
as a grazing forage crop. It is an important crops in the semiarid tropics of Asia and Africa. ")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage MilletGrass "millet grass")

;; TERMS 
;; JP 30Mar2023 - CerealGrain is a already subclass of Seed in MILO
;; MaizeGrain, WheatGrain and RiceGrain are defined in MILO

(subclass CerealGrain Seed)
(subclass CerealGrain Grain)
(documentation CerealGrain EnglishLanguage "Any &%Seed which is produced by the cereal grasses,
e.g. rice, corn, wheat, etc.")

(=>
  (instance ?X (DeadFn CerealGrass))
  (instance ?X Grain))

(=>
  (instance ?X (DeadFn CerealGrain))
  (exists (?CLASS)
    (and
      (instance ?X ?CLASS)
      (equal ?CLASS (FoodForFn Animal)))))


(subclass MaizeGrain CerealGrain)
(documentation MaizeGrain EnglishLanguage "A &%CerealGrain which is found on long ears of a &%Plant
native to the Americas.")

(subclass RiceGrain CerealGrain)
(documentation RiceGrain EnglishLanguage "A &%CerealGrain which has short and long grain varieties
and which is usually prepared for eating by steaming.")

(subclass WheatGrain CerealGrain)
(documentation WheatGrain EnglishLanguage "A long &%CerealGrain which is produced by certain grasses and
which is used to make &%BreadOrBiscuits.")

(=>
  (instance ?X (DeadFn WheatGrass))
  (instance ?X WheatGrain))
  
(subclass CommonWheatGrain WheatGrain)
(documentation CommonWheatGrain EnglishLanguage "&%CommonWheatGrain is the seed of (T.aestivum). 
Bread wheat is an allohexaploid – a combination of six sets of chromosomes from different species. 
Of the six sets of chromosomes, four come from emmer (Triticum turgidum, itself a tetraploid) and 
two from Aegilops tauschii (a wild diploid goatgrass). [wikiepedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CommonWheatGrain "common wheat grain")  

(=>
  (equal ?X
    (PlantFn CommonWheatGrain))
  (subclass ?X CommonWheatGrass))

(subclass DurumWheatGrain WheatGrain)
(documentation DurumWheatGrain EnglishLanguage "&%DurumWheatGrain is the seed (T.durum). 
[wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage DurumWheatGrain "durum wheat grain") 

(=>
  (equal ?X
    (PlantFn DurumWheatGrain))
  (subclass ?X DurumWheatGrass))
  
(subclass EmmerWheatGrain WheatGrain)
(documentation EmmerWheatGrain EnglishLanguage "&%EmmerWheatGrain is the seed 
of Wild Emmer (T.dicoccoides) or Domesticated form (T. dicoccum). [wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage EmmerWheatGrain "Emmer wheat grain") 

(=>
  (equal ?X
    (PlantFn EmmerWheatGrain))
  (subclass ?X EmmerWheatGrass))
  
(subclass EinkornWheatGrain WheatGrain)
(documentation EinkornWheatGrain EnglishLanguage "&%EinkornWheatGrain is the seed 
of Wild Einkorn (T.boeoticum) or the domesticated form (T. monococcum). [wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage EinkornWheatGrain "Einkorn wheat grain") 

(=>
  (equal ?X
    (PlantFn EinkornWheatGrain))
  (subclass ?X EinkornWheatGrass))

(subclass SpeltWheatGrain WheatGrain)
(documentation SpeltWheatGrain EnglishLanguage "&%SpeltWheatGrain is the seed of 
(Triticum spelta),also known as dinkel wheat. It is a species of &%WheatGrass that 
has been cultivated sinceapproximately 5000 BC.[wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage SpeltWheatGrain "spelt wheat grain") 

(=>
  (equal ?X
    (PlantFn SpeltWheatGrain))
  (subclass ?X SpeltWheatGrass))

(subclass Pea Seed)
(subclass Pea (FoodForFn Animal))
(documentation Pea EnglishLanguage "The edible &%Seed of a pea plant.")
(initialPart RiceGrain PaddyRice)
 
(names "maize" MaizeGrain)
(names "corn" MaizeGrain)
(initialPart MaizeGrain MaizeGrass)

(subclass OatGrain CerealGrain)
(documentation OatGrain EnglishLanguage "&%OatGrain is the seed of OatGrass. It can be made into 
oatmeal and rolled oats. ")
(initialPart OatGrain OatGrass)

(subclass BarleyGrain CerealGrain)
(documentation BarleyGrain EnglishLanguage "&%BarleyGrain is the seed of &%BarleyGrass. Globally 70% 
of barley production is used as animal fodder, while 30% as a source of fermentable material for beer and
distilled beverages such as whiskey when made into malt. ")
(initialPart BarleyGrain BarleyGrass)

(subclass RyeGrain CerealGrain)
(documentation RyeGrain EnglishLanguage "&%RyeGrain is used for flour, bread, beer, crispbread, some 
whiskeys and vodkas. ")
(initialPart RyeGrain RyeGrass)

(subclass SorghumGrain CerealGrain)
(documentation SorghumGrain EnglishLanguage "&%SorghumGrains are used as animal fodder, staple food, syrup, production 
of alcoholic bereverages as well as biofuels. ")
(initialPart SorghumGrain SorghumGrass)

(subclass MilletGrain CerealGrain)
(documentation MilletGrain EnglishLanguage "&%MilletGrains are small seeds. They are major food sources in 
arid and semiarid regions of the world. ")
(initialPart MilletGrain MilletGrass)

;; Moved FoodFromPlant to MILO

(subclass Grain FoodFromPlant)
(documentation Grain EnglishLanguage "&%Grain is the class of &%FoodFromPlant which are derived 
from &%Harvesting &%CerealGrain and Legumes.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage Grain "grain")

;; deleted FoodFromAnimal as it overlaps with "meat"
;; JP 11th May 2023

(subclass Sugar PlantProduct)
(subclass Sugar Substance)

(subclass Malt PlantProduct)
(subclass Malt Grain)
(documentation Malt EnglishLanguage "Malt is germinated cereal grains that have been dried in a process known 
as 'malting'. Malted grain is used to make beer, whisky, malted shakes, malt vinegar, confections, flavored 
drinks such as  Ovaltine, and some baked goods, such as malt loaf.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?M
      (OrganicObjectFn ?G))
    (subclass ?M Malt)
    (subclass ?G CerealGrain))
  (initialPart ?G CerealGrass))
  
;; JP 4thApril 2023
;; It would be handy to define Malting, current wordnet making is to &%Cooking, wondering if fit better in &%Manufacturing
;; as the process involves drying of grains, then steeping of grains in water to let the grains germinate, then toasting the
;; green malt and smoking the toasted malt. Will get to this later.


(subclass PlantAttribute RelationalAttribute)
(documentation PlantAttribute EnglishLanguage "&%PlantAttribute is a class of &%RelationalAttributes 
relating a &%Plant and how it is used.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage PlantAttribute "plant attribute")

(instance Produce PlantAttribute)
(relatedInternalConcept Produce DeadFn)
(documentation Produce EnglishLanguage "&%Producemeans any fruit or vegetable (including mixes of 
intact fruits and vegetables) and includes mushrooms, sprouts(irrespective of seed source), peanuts, 
tree nuts, and herbs, according to FDA. It is defined as an &%Attribute for &%FruitOrVegetable 
harvested from &%Plants or Fungus. An &%Attrbute instead of a &%subclass of an &%Object is used for &%Produce 
to distinguish a &%FruitOrVegetable that is grown in the wild from one that is cultivated.  However,
note that a wild vegetable that is picked and placed in a grocery store would have the attribute
of produce once it is picked for that reason.")

(=>
  (and
    (attribute ?X Produce)
    (instance ?X FruitOrVegetable))
  (hasPurpose ?X
    (exists (?H)
      (and
        (instance ?H Harvesting)
        (result ?H ?X)
        (instance ?X (FoodForFn Human))))))
         
(subclass Vegetable FruitOrVegetable)
(documentation Vegetable EnglishLanguage "&%Vegetable is a subclass of &%FruitOrVegetable.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage Vegetable "vegetable")

(subclass LeafyGreenVegetable Vegetable)
(documentation Vegetable EnglishLanguage "&%LeafyGreenVegetable is a the class of &%Vegetable that 
are &%PlantLeaf(ves).")

(=>
  (and
    (subclass ?CLASS PlantLeaf)
    (equal ?CLASS LeafyGreenVegetable))
  (initialPart ?CLASS Plant))

(subclass Cucumber Vegetable)
(documentation Cucumber EnglishLanguage "&%Cucumbers &Fruits of &%CucumberPlant.")

(=>
  (and
    (subclass ?CLASS Fruit)
    (equal ?CLASS Cucumber))
  (initialPart ?CLASS CucumberPlant))
    
(subclass CucumberPlant HerbaceousPlant)
(documentation CucumberPlant EnglishLanguage "&%CucumberPlant,its official name Cucumis Sativus, is
a creeping vine plant grown for its fruit &%Cucumber.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CucumberPlant "cucumber plant")
  
(subclass Cabbage Vegetable)
(documentation Cabbage EnglishLanguage "&%Cabbage is the name for &%PlantLeaf of several species of
&%CabbagePlant.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage Cabbage "cabbage")

(=>
  (and
    (subclass ?CLASS PlantLeaf)
    (equal ?CLASS Cabbage))
  (initialPart ?CLASS CabbagePlant))

(subclass SavoyCabbage Cabbage)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage SavoyCabbage "savoy cabbage")

(subclass NapaCabbage Cabbage)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage NapaCabbage "napa cabbage")

(subclass GreenCabbage Cabbage)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage GreenCabbage "green cabbage")

(subclass RedCabbage Cabbage)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage RedCabbage "red cabbage")
  
(subclass CabbagePlant HerbaceousPlant)
(documentation CabbagePlant EnglishLanguage "&%CabbagePlant is generic name for several types of Barassica
oleracea.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CabbagePlant "cabbage plant")

(subclass Cauliflower Vegetable)
(documentation Cauliflower EnglishLanguage "&%Cauliflower is the &Flower &%part of a kidn or &%CabbagePlant.")

(=>
  (and
    (subclass ?CLASS Flower)
    (equal ?CLASS Cauliflower))
  (initialPart ?CLASS CabbagePlant))

(subclass Eggplant Vegetable)
(names "aubergine" Eggplant)
(names "brinjal" Eggplant)
(documentation Eggplant EnglishLanguage "&%Eggplant, also known as aubergine, is the &Fruit of
a &%Floweringplant, called Solanum melongena.")

(=>
  (and
    (subclass ?CLASS Fruit)
    (equal ?CLASS Eggplant))
  (initialPart ?CLASS EggplantPlant))

(subclass EggplantPlant HerbaceousPlant)
(documentation EggplantPlant EnglishLanguage "&%EggplantPlant is a plant species in the 
family of Solanaceae. It is called Solanum melongena.")

(subclass RootVegetable FruitOrVegetable)
(names "root vegetable" RootVegetable)
(names "root crop" RootVegetable)

(subclass Radish RootVegetable)
(documentation Radish EnglishLanguage "A &%PlantRoot in the family of
Brassicaceae that is often used in salads.")
(subclass Turnip RootVegetable)
(subclass Beets RootVegetable)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage Beets "beets")
(subclass Carrot RootVegetable)
(subclass Rutabaga RootVegetable)
(names "rutabaga" Rutabaga)
(names "swede" Rutabaga)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage Rutabaga "rutabaga")
(subclass Diakon RootVegetable)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage Diakon "diakon")
(subclass Parsnip RootVegetable)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage Parsnip "parsnip")

(subclass CerealStarch FoodFromPlant)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CerealStarch "cereal starch")
(subclass CornStarch CerealStarch)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CornStarch "corn starch")

(subclass RootStarch FoodFromPlant)
(relatedInternalConcept RootStarch RootVegetable)
(subclass PotatoStarch RootStarch)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage PotatoStarch "potato starch")
(subclass TapiocaStarch RootStarch)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage TapiocaStarch "tapioca starch")
(subclass ArrowrootStarch RootStarch)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage ArrowrootStarch "arrowroot starch")

(subclass EdibleTuber RootVegetable)
(subclass PotatoTuber EdibleTuber)
(subclass SweetPotatoTuber EdibleTuber)
(subclass TaroTuber EdibleTuber)
(subclass YamTuber EdibleTuber)
(subclass Ginger EdibleTuber)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage Ginger "ginger")
(subclass Cassava EdibleTuber)
(names "cassava" Cassava)
(names "tapioca" Cassava)
(names "manioc" Cassava)
(subclass SweetPepper Vegetable)
(subclass Squash Vegetable)
(subclass SugarBeet Vegetable)

(subclass Legume FruitOrVegetable)
(documentation Legume EnglishLanguage "&%Legume plants in the pea or bean family, Fabaceae. They are 
grown mainly for their fruits or seeds.  Well-known legumes include beans, soybeans, chickpeas, peanuts, 
lentils, lupins, mesquite, carob, tamarind, alfalfa, and clover.")
(subclass Bean Legume)
(subclass Soybean Bean)

;(subclass Soya PlantAgriculturalProduct)
;(subclass Soya (ExtensionFn Liquid))
;(relatedInternalConcept Soya Soybean)

(subclass Pea Legume)
(subclass CowPea Legume)
(subclass Pulse Legume)
(subclass Lentil Pulse)

(subclass SugarCane Vegetable)

;; TERMS - Spices:

;; JP 8Apr2023
;; Changed Spice to PlantSubstance

(subclass Spice PreparedFood)
(subclass Spice FoodFromPlant)
(documentation Spice EnglishLanguage "A &%Spice is a class of &%PreparedFood derived
from &%Seeds, &%Fruits, &%PlantRoots, barks, or other &%PlantAnatomicalStructure 
primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. ")

(=>
  (instance  ?S Spice)
  (exists (?P ?CLASS)
    (and
      (instance ?P
        (DeadFn ?CLASS))
      (part ?S ?P)
      (subclass ?CLASS PlantAnatomicalStructure))))

(=>
  (instance ?S Spice)  
  (hasPurpose ?S
    (exists (?PUT ?F)
      (and
        (instance ?PUT Putting)
        (patient ?PUT ?S)
        (destination ?PUT ?F)
        (instance ?F PreparedFood)))))

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?P Putting)
    (patient ?P ?S)
    (instance ?S Spice)
    (destination ?P ?F)
    (instance ?F PreparedFood))
  (exists (?C ?A)
    (and
      (instance ?C InternalChange)
      (patient ?C ?F)
      (result ?C ?A)
      (attribute ?F ?A)
      (or
        (instance ?A FlavourAttribute)
        (instance ?A ColorAttribute)))))
                    
(subclass FlavourAttribute TasteAttribute)
(documentation FlavourAttribute EnglishLanguage "The &%subclass of &%TasteAttributes 
in addition to the five basic tasts prominent in food.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage FlavourAttribute "flavour attribute")

(instance HotFlavour FlavourAttribute)
(documentation HotFlavour EnglishLanguage "Having a buring mouth sensation.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage HotFlavour "hot flavour")

(instance CoolingFlavour FlavourAttribute)
(documentation CoolingFlavour EnglishLanguage "Having a cooling mouth senation.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CoolingFlavour "cooling flavour")

(instance EarthyFlavour FlavourAttribute)
(documentation EarthyFlavour EnglishLanguage "Having a mouth senation minerals that are found in soil.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage EarthyFlavour "earthy flavour")

(instance FloralFlavour FlavourAttribute)
(documentation FloralFlavour EnglishLanguage "Having the flavour related to flowers.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage FloralFlavour "floral flavour")

(instance FruityFlavour FlavourAttribute)
(documentation FruityFlavour EnglishLanguage "Having the flavour related to fruits.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage FruityFlavour "fruity flavour")

(instance HerbaceousFlavour FlavourAttribute)
(documentation HerbaceousFlavour EnglishLanguage "Having the flavour related to herbs.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage HerbaceousFlavour "herbaceous flavour")

(instance NuttyFlavour FlavourAttribute)
(documentation NuttyFlavour EnglishLanguage "Having the flavour related to nuts.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage NuttyFlavour "nutty flavour")

(instance PungentFlavour FlavourAttribute)
(documentation PungentFlavour EnglishLanguage "Having a flavour that is linked to the sense of the nose which
can be described as acrid, sharp or biting. The flavour of garlic, spearmint or horseradish are examples of this flavour.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage PungentFlavour "pungent flavour")

(instance PineyFlavour FlavourAttribute)
(documentation PineyFlavour EnglishLanguage "Having the flavour related to &%PineTrees.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage PineyFlavour "piney flavour")

(instance SpicyFlavour FlavourAttribute)
(documentation SpicyFlavour EnglishLanguage "Having the flavour of piquant and bold that delivers a burning feeling to the mouth.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage SpicyFlavour "spicy flavour")

(instance WoodyFlavour FlavourAttribute)
(documentation WoodyFlavour EnglishLanguage "Having a mouth flavour the evoke the ida of damp, frgrant wood.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage WoodyFlavour "woody flavour")

(instance SulfuryFlavour FlavourAttribute)
(documentation SulfuryFlavour EnglishLanguage "Having a mouth flavour with the presnece of sulfur compounds.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage SulfuryFlavour "sulfury flavour")
        
(subclass Vanilla Spice)
(subclass Clove Spice)
(subclass Nutmeg Spice)
(subclass Mace Spice)
(subclass Cardamom Spice)
(subclass BlackPepper Spice)
(subclass SpicePepper Spice)
(subclass Cinnamon Spice)
(subclass Ginger Spice)
(subclass Ginger Vegetable)

;; TERMS - Subclasses of nuts and seeds:

;(subclass Nut PlantAgriculturalProduct)
(subclass EdibleNut FoodFromPlant)
(subclass EdibleNut FruitOrVegetable)

(subclass Walnut EdibleNut)

(subclass PecanNut EdibleNut)

(subclass PineNut EdibleNut)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage PineNut "pine nut")
(documentation PineNut EnglishLanguage "&%PineNuts are edible seeds of &%Pinetrees. Although 
they are technically &%Seeds, FDA classifies them as a type of tree nut.")
(initialPart PineNut PineTree)

(subclass MacademiaNut EdibleNut)

(subclass SheaNut EdibleNut)

(subclass Groundnut FruitOrVegetable)
(subclass Groundnut EdibleTuber)
(names "peanut" Groundnut)
(names "花生" Groundnut)

;(subclass SesameSeed PlantAgriculturalProduct)

;;KJN: Moving this to Merge.kif as Seed and FruitOrVegetable are both defined there
;;(subclass Seed FruitOrVegetable)

;(subclass NorfolkIslandPineSeed PlantAgriculturalProduct)
(subclass NorfolkIslandPineSeed Seed)

;(subclass KentiaPalmSeed PlantAgriculturalProduct)
(subclass KentiaPalmSeed Seed)

;(subclass SunflowerSeed PlantAgriculturalProduct)
(subclass SunflowerSeed Seed)

;(subclass Sunflower PlantAgriculturalProduct)
(subclass Sunflower HerbaceousPlant)

;(subclass Oilseed PlantAgriculturalProduct)
(subclass Oilseed Seed)

;(subclass Copra PlantAgriculturalProduct)
;(relatedInternalConcept Copra VegetableOil)

;(documentation Copra EnglishLanguage "&%Copra is the class of dried coconut 
;meat valued for the extracted coconut oil.")

;(subclass PalmOilNut PlantAgriculturalProduct)
(subclass PalmOilNut EdibleNut)
;;(relatedInternalConcept PalmKernel PalmOilNut)
(names "palm oil nut" PalmOilNut)
(names "coquilla nut" PalmOilNut)

;(subclass PalmKernel PlantAgriculturalProduct)


(subclass OilFromPlant Oil)
(documentation OilFromPlant EnglishLanguage "&%OilFromPlant are oils extracted from 
seeds or from other parts of fruits. It is worth to note that not all &%OilFromPlant 
are edible, unlike &%VegetableOil.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage OilFromPlant "oil from plant")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?O
      (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?O OilFromPlant)
    (or
      (subclass ?S Seed)
      (subclass ?S Fruit)))
  (exists (?P)
    (and
      (subclass ?P FloweringPlant)
      (initialPart ?S ?P))))

(subclass TeaTreeOil OilFromPlant)
(documentation TeaTreeOil EnglishLanguage "&%TeaTreeOil are oils extracted from 
&%TeaTree.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage TeaTreeOil "tea tree oil")
(initialPart TeaTreeOil TeaTree)

(subclass TeaTree Shrub)
(documentation TeaTree EnglishLanguage "&%TeaTree,Melaleuca alternifolia, is a species of 
tall shrub in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, native to Australia. It is known for its 
product &%TeaTreeOil.")

(subclass VegetableOil FoodFromPlant)
(subclass VegetableOil Mixture)
(subclass VegetableOil OilFromPlant)
(documentation VegetableOil EnglishLanguage "&%VegetableOils are edible Plantoils.")

(subclass PalmOil VegetableOil)
(subclass OliveOil VegetableOil)
(initialPart OliveOil Olive)

(subclass SoybeanOil VegetableOil)
(initialPart SoybeanOil Soybean)

(subclass GrapeSeedOil VegetableOil)
(subclass RapeseedOil VegetableOil)
(subclass CanolaOil VegetableOil)
(subclass SunFlowerOil VegetableOil)
(initialPart SunFlowerOil Sunflower)

(subclass SafflowerOil VegetableOil)
(subclass GroundnutOil VegetableOil)
(initialPart GroundnutOil Groundnut)

(subclass CottonSeedOil VegetableOil)
(subclass CoconutOil VegetableOil)
(initialPart CoconutOil Coconut)

(subclass AvocadoOil VegetableOil)
(initialPart AvocadoOil Avocado)

(termFormat EnglishLanguage SoybeanOil "soy bean oil")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage GrapeSeedOil "grape seed oil")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage RapeseedOil "rape seed oil")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CanolaOil "canola oil")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage SunFlowerOil "sunflower oil")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage SafflowerOil "safflower oil")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage GroundnutOil "ground nut oil")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CottonSeedOil "cotton seed oil")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CoconutOil "coconut oil")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage AvocadoOil "avocado oil")

;; TERMS - Beverage sources:

(subclass CoffeePlant Shrub)
(documentation CoffeePlant EnglishLanguage "Coffea is a genus of
flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Coffea species are shrubs or
small trees native to tropical and southern Africa and tropical Asia.
The seeds of some species, called coffee beans, are used to flavor
various beverages and products. The fruits, like the seeds, contain a
large amount of caffeine, and have a distinct sweet taste and are
often juiced. The plant ranks as one of the world's most valuable and
widely traded commodity crops and is an important export product of
several countries, including those in Central and South America, the
Caribbean and Africa.[from Wikipedia]")
(names "coffea plant" CoffeePlant)

(subclass CoffeaArabica CoffeePlant)
(documentation CoffeaArabica EnglishLanguage "&%CoffeaArabica is a subclass of &%CoffeePlant,
 representing about 60% of global production. It is more acidic, less bitter and contained less 
 &%Caffeine (~1.5%) than &%CoffeaRobusta plant.[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CoffeaArabica "coffea arabica")

(subclass CoffeaRobusta CoffeePlant)
(documentation CoffeaRobusta EnglishLanguage "&%CoffeaRobusta is a subclass of &%CoffeePlant,
 representing about 40% of global production. It is less acidic, more bitter and contained more 
 &%Caffeine(~2.7%) than &%CoffeaArabica plant.[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CoffeaRobusta "coffea robusta")
(names CoffeaRobusta "coffea canephora")

(subclass CoffeeBean Seed)
(subclass CoffeeBean FoodFromPlant)
(documentation CoffeeBean EnglishLanguage "A &%CoffeeBean is a seed of the &%CoffeePlant
and the source for coffee.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?B (OrganicObjectFn ?P))
    (subclass ?B CoffeeBean)
    (subclass ?P Seed))
  (initialPart ?P CoffeePlant))

(subclass CoffeeArabica CoffeeBean)
(documentation CoffeeArabica EnglishLanguage "&%CoffeeArabica are &%CoffeeBeans harvested from 
&%CoffeaArabic &%CoffeePlant. Arabica beans consist of 0.8–1.4% caffeine.[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CoffeeArabica "coffee arabica")

(=>
  (instance ?P  (PlantFn CoffeeArabica))
  (instance ?P CoffeaArabica))
  
(=>
  (and
    (instance ?C CoffeeArabica)
    (measure ?C
      (MeasureFn ?X Gram))
    (instance ?CC Caffeine)
    (part ?CC ?C)
    (measure ?CC
      (MeasureFn ?Y Gram))
    (equal ?Z
      (DivisionFn ?Y ?X)))
  (and
    (greaterThanOrEqualTo ?Z 0.008)
    (lessThanOrEqualTo ?Z 0.014)))

(subclass CoffeeRobusta CoffeeBean)
(documentation CoffeeRobusta EnglishLanguage "&%CoffeeRobusta are &%CoffeeBeans harvested from 
&%CoffeaRobusta &%CoffeePlant. Arabica beans consist of 1.7-4.0% caffeine.[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CoffeeRobusta "coffee robusta")

(=>
  (instance ?P  (PlantFn CoffeeRobusta))
  (instance ?P CoffeaRobusta))
  
(=>
  (and
    (instance ?C CoffeeRobusta)
    (measure ?C
      (MeasureFn ?X Gram))
    (instance ?CC Caffeine)
    (part ?CC ?C)
    (measure ?CC
      (MeasureFn ?Y Gram))
    (equal ?Z
      (DivisionFn ?Y ?X)))
  (and
    (greaterThanOrEqualTo ?Z 0.017)
    (lessThanOrEqualTo ?Z 0.04)))
  
;; Moved Chocolate and Coffee to Food.kif JP 20230511

(subclass CocoaBean Seed)
(subclass CocoaBean PlantSubstance)
(relatedInternalConcept CocoaBean CocoaSolid)
(relatedInternalConcept CocoaBean CocoaButter)
(documentation CocoaButter EnglishLanguage "&%CocoaBeans are dried and fully fermented seed 
of Theobroma cacao.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?C
      (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?C CocoaBean)
    (subclass ?S Seed))
  (initialPart ?S CocoaTree))

(subclass CocoaTree EvergreenTree)
(documentation CocoaButter EnglishLanguage "&%CocoaTree, Theobroma cacao is a small 
evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae. Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make chocolate 
liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate.")

(subclass TeaPlantAerialPart FruitOrVegetable)
(subclass TeaPlantAerialPart PlantSubstance)
(documentation TeaPlantAerialPart EnglishLanguage "&%TeaPlantAerialPart is the 
class of all parts of the tea plant from which tea may be made, 
including leaves, stems, and twigs.")
(subclass TeaLeaf TeaPlantAerialPart)
(subclass TeaBud TeaPlantAerialPart)
(subclass TeaTwig TeaPlantAerialPart)

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?T
      (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?T TeaPlantAerialPart)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S TeaPlant))

(subclass TeaPlant EvergreenTree)
(subclass TeaPlant Shrub)
(relatedInternalConcept TeaPlant TeaTree)
(documentation TeaPlant EnglishLanguage "&%TeaPlant, Camellia, is a species of evergreen 
shrub or small tree in the flowering plant family Theaceae.Its leaves and buds are used
to produce &%Tea. The Japanese tea, kukicha and bocha, are made using stems and twigs.")

(subclass WineGrape Fruit)

(=>
  (equal ?P
    (PlantFn WineGrape))
  (subclass ?P GrapeVine))

(subclass GrapeVine Vine)

;; KJN: Removing this as Food.kif already has a definition that says Wine is an AlcoholicBeverage
;;(subclass Wine Beverage)

;;(subclass Wine PlantAgriculturalProduct)

;; TERMS - Pharmaceutical and chemical plant products:

;(subclass PerfumeEssence PlantAgriculturalProduct)
;(subclass YlangYlang PerfumeEssence)

;(subclass GumArabic PlantAgriculturalProduct)
(subclass GumArabic Substance)

;(subclass Quinine PlantAgriculturalProduct)

;(subclass Opium PlantAgriculturalProduct)
;(subclass (DeadFn Tobacco) PlantAgriculturalProduct)
;(subclass Cannabis PlantAgriculturalProduct)
;(subclass Cocaine PlantAgriculturalProduct)

;(subclass Aloes PlantAgriculturalProduct)

;(documentation Aloes EnglishLanguage "&%Aloes is the class of 
;&%PlantAgriculturalProducts that are dried juice of 
;the Aloe plant.")

;(subclass Coca PlantAgriculturalProduct)

;;(documentation Coca EnglishLanguage "&%Coca is the class of 
;;&%PlantAgriculturalProducts consisting of the parts, 
;;especially leaves, of the coca plant.  Coca leaves 
;;are the source of &%Cocaine.")

;;(subclass Khat PlantAgriculturalProduct)
;;(names "khat" Khat)
;;(names "qat" Khat)

;;(documentation Khat EnglishLanguage 
;;"&%Khat is the class of &%PlantAgriculturalProducts 
;;made from the leaves and buds of the staff tree, which 
;;are chewed or brewed as a stimulating tea.")

(subclass Narcotic ControlledSubstance)
(subclass Amphetamine ControlledSubstance)
(subclass Amphetamine Stimulant)

(subclass Opium Narcotic)
(subclass Cocaine Narcotic)

(documentation Narcotic EnglishLanguage "&%Narcotic is a subclass of addictive 
&%BiologicallyActiveSubstances that have damping effects on the 
nervous system and may be fatal in large doses.")

(subclass ControlledSubstance BiologicallyActiveSubstance)

(documentation ControlledSubstance EnglishLanguage "&%ControlledSubstance is 
the subclass of &%BiologicallyActiveSubstances whose distribution 
and use is controlled by government regulation.")

;; TERMS - Plants grown as hay or animal food:
;; JP 4April 2023
;; similar to Produce, ForageCrop is considered an instance of PlantAttributes
;; relating the plant and how its used
  
(instance ForageCrop PlantAttribute)
(relatedInternalConcept ForageCrop Produce)
(relatedInternalConcept ForageCrop Fodder)
(documentation ForageCrop EnglishLanguage "&%ForageCrop is a &%PlantAttribute for &%Plants
that are grown (&%Grwoth) for the consumption of &%Domesticanimals directly as crops.")

(=>
  (attribute ?X ForageCrop)
  (hasPurpose ?X
    (exists (?A)
      (and
        (instance ?A Agriculture)
        (result ?A ?X)
        (instance ?X Plant)
        (instance ?X
          (FoodForFn DomesticAnimal))))))
                            
(subclass AlfalfaPlant HerbaceousPlant)
(documentation AlfalfaPlant EnglishLanguage "&%AlfalfaPlant is a perennial &%FloweringPlant species called Medicago sativa. It 
is called lucerne in the legume family of Fabeceae. It is an important forage crop.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage AlfalfaPlant "alfalfa plant")

(=>
  (and
    (subclass ?CLASS PlantStem)
    (equal ?CLASS Alfalfa))
  (initialPart ?CLASS AlfalfaPlant))

(subclass Alfalfa Legume)
(documentation Alfalfa EnglishLanguage "&%Alfalfa is the &%FruitOrVegertable part of the crop.")

(subclass CloverPlant HerbaceousPlant)
(documentation CloverPlant EnglishLanguage "&%CloverPlant are common names for plants of engus Trifolium, a perennial 
FloweringPlant species called in the legume family of Fabeceae. It is an important forage crop.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CloverPlant "clover plant")

(=>
  (and
    (subclass ?CLASS Seed)
    (equal ?CLASS Clover))
  (initialPart ?CLASS CloverPlant))

(subclass Clover Legume)
(documentation Clover EnglishLanguage "&%Clover is the &%FruitOrVegetable part of the crop.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage Clover "clover")

;(subclass (DeadFn MulberryLeaf) PlantAgriculturalProduct)

;;(subclass MulberryLeaf Leaf)

;; TERMS - Vegetable fibers:
;(subclass Cotton PlantAgriculturalProduct)
;(subclass HempFiber PlantAgriculturalProduct)
;(subclass FlaxFiber PlantAgriculturalProduct)
;(subclass SisalFiber PlantAgriculturalProduct)
;(subclass JuteFiber PlantAgriculturalProduct)

(subclass Poppy HerbaceousPlant)
;(subclass OpiumPoppy PlantAgriculturalProduct)
(subclass OpiumPoppy Poppy)

;; TERMS:
;(subclass Orchid PlantAgriculturalProduct)
(subclass Orchid HerbaceousPlant)
(subclass Orchid Vine)

;(subclass (DeadFn Chrysanthemum) PlantAgriculturalProduct)
(subclass Chrysanthemum HerbaceousPlant)
(relatedInternalConcept Chrysanthemum Pyrethrum)

;(subclass CutFlower PlantAgriculturalProduct)
;(relatedInternalConcept CutFlower FloweringPlant)

(subclass Pyrethrum BiologicallyActiveSubstance)
;(subclass Pyrethrum PlantAgriculturalProduct)

(documentation Pyrethrum EnglishLanguage "&%Pyrethrum is the subclass of 
&%BiologicallyActiveSubstance consisting of insecticidal 
derivations from the flower heads of Chrysanthemums.") 

;------------------------

;; TERMS - subclasses of &%AnimalAgriculturalProduct:

(subclass Livestock DomesticAnimal)

(documentation Livestock EnglishLanguage "&%Livestock is the class of live animals 
raised as &%AgriculturalProducts.")

(=>
  (instance ?ITEM Livestock)
  (instance ?ITEM Animal))

;; TERMS - subclasses of &%Livestock:
;; KJN: Removing all Animals as subclasses of Livestock for now as I think it is an
;; incorrect implementation.  It implies that all Animals, to exist, should be Livestock,
;; which of course is incorrect.
;;(subclass Sheep Livestock)

;;(subclass Cattle Livestock)
(subclass GuernseyCattle Cattle)
(subclass SenepolCattle Cattle)
(subclass Goat HoofedMammal)
;;(subclass Goat Livestock)
(subclass WaterBuffalo HoofedMammal)
(subclass WaterBuffalo Livestock)
(subclass Reindeer HoofedMammal)
;;(subclass Reindeer Livestock)
(subclass Deer HoofedMammal)
;;(subclass Deer Livestock)
;;(subclass Poultry Livestock)
;;(subclass Horse Livestock)
;;(subclass Pig Livestock)
;;(subclass Donkey Livestock)

(subclass Camel Mammal)
;;(subclass Camel Livestock)

(subclass TurkeyBird Poultry)

(subclass Turtle Reptile)
;;(subclass Turtle Livestock)

(subclass OrnamentalFish Fish)

;; TERMS - Products from live animals:
;(subclass DairyProduct AnimalAgriculturalProduct)
;;(names "dairy product" DairyProduct)
;;(names "milk product" DairyProduct)
;(subclass Milk DairyProduct)
;(subclass Cheese DairyProduct)
;(subclass Butter DairyProduct)

;(subclass FoodEgg AnimalAgriculturalProduct)

;(subclass Honey AnimalAgriculturalProduct)

;(subclass WoolFiber AnimalAgriculturalProduct)

;; TERMS - Meat and other products from dead animals:
;(subclass Meat AnimalAgriculturalProduct)

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?M
      (OrganicObjectFn ?A))
    (subclass ?M Meat))
  (subclass ?A Animal))

(subclass LambMeat Meat)
(documentation LambMeat EnglishLanguage "&%LambMeat is the &%Meat that was 
originally part of a &%Lamb.")
(meatOfAnimal LambMeat Lamb)

(subclass Mutton Meat)
(documentation Mutton EnglishLanguage "&%Mutton is the &%Meat that was 
originally part of a &%Sheep which is older than 12 months.")
(meatOfAnimal Mutton Sheep)

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?M Mutton)
    (part ?M ?S)
    (instance ?S Sheep)
    (age ?S (MeasureFn ?A MonthDuration)))
  (greaterThanOrEqualTo ?A 12))

(subclass Veal Meat)
(documentation Veal EnglishLanguage "&%Veal is the &%Meat that was 
originally part of a &%Calf.")
(meatOfAnimal Veal Calf)

(subclass WaterBuffaloMeat Meat)
(meatOfAnimal WaterBuffaloMeat WaterBuffalo)

;; KJN: Transferring this to Food.kif, which has a more extensive definition for 
;; and categorization for Meat.
;;(subclass Seafood Meat)

;;(subclass FoodFish Seafood)
;;(subclass Salmon FoodFish)

;;(subclass Shellfish Seafood)
;;(documentation Shellfish EnglishLanguage "&%Shellfish refers to &%Seafood coming from
;;crustaceans, which are creatures live in bodies of water that have an exoskeleton")

;;(subclass Shrimp Shellfish)
;;(subclass Crayfish Shellfish)

;; KJN: commenting out for now as AnimalAgriculturalProduct has been removed
;;(subclass FishProduct AnimalAgriculturalProduct)

;; KJN: Changing this to FishMeat
;;(relatedInternalConcept FishProduct FoodFish)
;; commenting this out as FishProduct has been commented out
;;(relatedInternalConcept FishProduct FishMeat)



;(documentation FishProduct EnglishLanguage "&%FishProduct is the subclass of 
;&%AnimalAgriculturalProduct that comprises products derived  
;from fish.")

;(subclass FishRoe FishProduct)
;(subclass Caviar FishRoe)

(subclass AnimalProduct Product)
(documentation AnimalProduct EnglishLanguage "An &%AnimalProduct is the subclass of &%Products 
manufactured using a part or the whole of an &%Animal.")

(=>
  (instance ?P AnimalProduct)
  (exists (?M ?A ?B)
    (and
      (instance ?M Manufacture)
      (result ?M ?P)
      (patient ?M ?A)
      (or
        (instance ?A Animal)
        (and
          (part ?B ?A)
          (instance ?B AnatomicalStructure))))))
    
(subclass Pelt AnimalProduct)
(names "pelt" Pelt)
(names "hide" Pelt)
(documentation Pelt EnglishLanguage "&%Pelt is the subclass of &%AnimalProduct that comprises 
the pelts or hides of animals that are used in the manufacture of wearable or household items.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?P (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?P Pelt))
  (subclass ?S Skin))

(subclass Lambskin Pelt)
(documentation Lambskin EnglishLanguage "A &%Pelt of hide made from the &%Skin of a &%Lamb.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?S (OrganicObjectFn ?O))
    (subclass ?S Lambskin)
    (subclass ?O Skin))
  (initialPart ?O Lamb))

(subclass Sheepskin Pelt)
(documentation Sheepskin EnglishLanguage "A &%Pelt of hide made from the &%Skin of a &%Sheep.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?S (OrganicObjectFn ?O))
    (subclass ?S Sheepskin)
    (subclass ?O Skin))
  (initialPart ?O Sheep))

;;----------------------------------------------------------------------

;; TERMS - Food and Beverage Products:


;(subclass FoodProduct Product)

;(documentation FoodProduct EnglishLanguage "&%FoodProduct is the class of food 
;products, packaged or unpackaged.")

;(documentation FoodProduct EnglishLanguage "&%FoodProduct is the class of food 
;products, packaged or unpackaged.")

;(=>
;  (instance ?ITEM FoodProduct)
;  (or
;    (instance ?ITEM (FoodForFn Organism))
;    (instance ?ITEM PackagedFoodProduct)))

;(subclass PackagedFoodProduct FoodProduct)

;(documentation PackagedFoodProduct EnglishLanguage "&%PackagedFoodProduct is the 
;class of &%Products that consist of a &%FoodProduct in a package.")

;(=>
;  (instance ?ITEM PackagedFoodProduct)
;  (exists (?FOOD ?PACKAGE)
;    (and
;      (instance ?FOOD FoodProduct)
;      (instance ?PACKAGE ProductPackage)
;      (contains ?PACKAGE ?FOOD))))

;(subclass BeverageProduct Product)

;(documentation BeverageProduct EnglishLanguage "&%BeverageProduct is the class of products 
;that are &%Beverages, packaged or unpackaged.")

;(=>
;  (instance ?ITEM BeverageProduct)
;  (instance ?ITEM Beverage))

;(subclass PackagedBeverageProduct BeverageProduct)

;(documentation PackagedBeverageProduct EnglishLanguage "&%PackagedBeverageProduct is the 
;class of &%Products that consist of a &%BeverageProduct in some kind of 
;packaging, including cups and bottles.")

;(=>
;  (instance ?ITEM PackagedBeverageProduct)
;  (exists (?DRINK ?PACKAGE)
;    (and
;      (instance ?DRINK BeverageProduct)
;      (instance ?PACKAGE ProductPackage)
;      (contains ?PACKAGE ?DRINK))))
;(=>
;  (instance ?ITEM FoodProduct)
;  (or
;    (instance ?ITEM (FoodForFn Organism))
;    (instance ?ITEM PackagedFoodProduct)))

;(subclass PackagedFoodProduct FoodProduct)

;(documentation PackagedFoodProduct EnglishLanguage "&%PackagedFoodProduct is the 
;class of &%Products that consist of a &%FoodProduct in a package.")

;(=>
;  (instance ?ITEM PackagedFoodProduct)
;  (exists (?FOOD ?PACKAGE)
;    (and
;      (instance ?FOOD FoodProduct)
;      (instance ?PACKAGE ProductPackage)
;      (contains ?PACKAGE ?FOOD))))

;(subclass BeverageProduct Product)

;(documentation BeverageProduct EnglishLanguage "&%BeverageProduct is the class of products 
;that are &%Beverages, packaged or unpackaged.")

;(=>
;  (instance ?ITEM BeverageProduct)
;  (instance ?ITEM Beverage))

;(subclass PackagedBeverageProduct BeverageProduct)

;(documentation PackagedBeverageProduct EnglishLanguage "&%PackagedBeverageProduct is the 
;class of &%Products that consist of a &%BeverageProduct in some kind of 
;packaging, including cups and bottles.")

;(=>
;  (instance ?ITEM PackagedBeverageProduct)
;  (exists (?DRINK ?PACKAGE)
;    (and
;      (instance ?DRINK BeverageProduct)
;      (instance ?PACKAGE ProductPackage)
;      (contains ?PACKAGE ?DRINK))))


(subclass ProductPackage Container)

(documentation ProductPackage EnglishLanguage "&%ProductPackage is the class of objects 
designed to contain &%Products for shipping and sale.")

(subclass HeatSealer Device)
(documentation HeatSealer EnglishLanguage "A &%HeatSealer is a machine used to seal products, packaging, and other thermoplastic materials using heat. This can be with uniform thermoplastic monolayers or with materials having several layers, at least one being thermoplastic. Heat sealing can join two similar materials together or can join dissimilar materials, one of which has a thermoplastic layer. (Wikipedia)")

(=>
  (instance ?HS HeatSealer)
  (hasPurpose ?HS
    (exists (?CLOSE ?PLAST ?CONT ?HEAT)
      (and
        (instance ?CONT Container)
        (instance ?PLAST Plastic)
        (instance ?CLOSE Closing)
        (instance ?HEAT Heating)
        (instrument ?CLOSE ?HS)
        (instrument ?CLOSE ?PLAST)
        (agent ?HEAT ?HS)
        (patient ?HEAT ?PLAST)
        (result ?HEAT ?CLOSE)
        (patient ?CLOSE ?CONT)))))
        
;;----------------------------------------------------------------------

;;  B.  Raw Materials and Resources (Non-agricultural)
;; Jennie Pease 
;; 14th March 2023
;; added definitions to terms on ForestProduct

(subclass PlantProduct Product)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage PlantProduct " plant product")
(documentation PlantProduct EnglishLanguage "A &%PlantProduct is the subclass of &%Products 
manufactured using a part or the whole of a &%Plant.")

(=>
  (instance ?P PlantProduct)
  (exists (?M ?A ?B)
    (and
      (instance ?M Manufacture)
      (result ?M ?P)
      (patient ?M ?A)
      (or
        (instance ?A Plant)
        (and
          (part ?B ?A)
          (instance ?B AnatomicalStructure))))))

;; (subclass MiningProduct Product)
;; (subclass IndustrialProduct Product)

(subclass ForestProduct Product)
(documentation ForestProduct EnglishLanguage "&%Products from the &%Forest.")

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?P ForestProduct)
    (instance ?M Manufacture)
    (result ?M ?P)
    (patient ?M ?X)
    (instance ?X Organism))
  (exists (?A ?F)
    (and
      (instance ?A Agriculture)
      (result ?A ?X)
      (eventLocated ?A ?F)
      (instance ?F Forest))))

(subclass WoodProduct ForestProduct)
(subclass WoodProduct OrganicCompound)
(subclass WoodProduct PlantSubstance)
(documentation WoodProduct EnglishLanguage "&%Products made from &%Wood material.")

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?P WoodProduct)
    (part ?W ?P))
  (instance ?W Wood))

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W
      (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W WoodProduct)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (exists (?T)
    (and
      (subclass ?T BotanicalTree)
      (initialPart ?S ?T))))

;; Changed OrganicObjectFn to OrganicObjectFn JP 20230517  
(instance OrganicObjectFn UnaryFunction)
(relatedInternalConcept OrganicObjectFn DeadFn)
(domainSubclass OrganicObjectFn 1 OrganicObject)
(rangeSubclass OrganicObjectFn Object)
(format EnglishLanguage OrganicObjectFn "&%Object made from %1")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage OrganicObjectFn "organic object fn")
(documentation OrganicObjectFn EnglishLanguage "(OrganicObjectFn ?ORGCLASS) denotes the &%Class of 
&%Object derived from an &%OrganicObject. The &%Object was once a living &%Organism or a 
living &%part of an &%Organism. For example, &%Hardwood is made from harvesting the 
&%PlantStems of a &%DeciduousTree. &%Juice is made from &%FruitOrVegetable of a &%Plant.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?P
      (OrganicObjectFn ?ORG))
    (subclass ?P Object))
  (or    
    (subclass ?ORG Organism)   
    (subclass ?ORG AnatomicalStructure)))
  
(=>
  (and
    (equal ?P
      (OrganicObjectFn ?ORG))
    (subclass ?P Object))
  (exists (?R ?O)
    (and
      (instance ?R (DeadFn ?ORG))
      (part ?R ?O)
      (instance ?O ?ORG))))
 
(subclass Hardwood WoodProduct)
(partition Hardwood Softwood)
(disjoint Hardwood Softwood)
(documentation Hardwood EnglishLanguage "&%Hardwood comes from the stems or tree trunks of 
dicot trees. In temperate and boreal latitudes, they are mostly &%DeciduousTrees.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W
      (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W Hardwood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (modalAttribute
    (initialPart ?S DeciduousTree) Likely))
   
(subclass BalsaWood Hardwood)
(documentation BalsaWood EnglishLanguage "&%BasalWood is made from logs of &%Balsa trees.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W BalsaWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S BalsaTree))
  
(subclass BeechWood Hardwood)
(documentation BeechWood EnglishLanguage "&%BeechWood is made from logs of &%Beech trees.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W BeechWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S BeechTree))

(subclass BirchWood Hardwood)
(documentation BirchWood EnglishLanguage "&%BirchWood is made from logs of &%Birch trees.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W BirchWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S BirchTree))

(subclass CherryWood Hardwood)
(documentation CherryWood EnglishLanguage "&%CherryWood is made from logs of &%BlackCherry or &%SweetCherry trees.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W CherryWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (or
  (initialPart ?S BlackCherryTree)
  (initialPart ?S SweetCherryTree)))

(subclass MapleWood Hardwood)
(documentation MapleWood EnglishLanguage "&%MapleWood is made from logs of &%Maple trees.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W MapleWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S MapleTree))

(subclass OkoumeWood Hardwood)
(documentation OkoumeWood EnglishLanguage "&%OkoumeWood is made from logs of &%Okoume trees.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W OkoumeWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S OkoumeTree))

(subclass PoplarWood Hardwood)
(documentation PoplarWood EnglishLanguage "&%PoplarWood is made from logs of &%Poplar trees.")
 
(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W PoplarWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S PoplarTree))

(subclass RedOakWood Hardwood)
(documentation RedOakWood EnglishLanguage "&%RedOakWood is made from logs of &%RedOak trees.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W RedOakWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S RedOakTree))

(subclass SapeleWood Hardwood)
(documentation SapeleWood EnglishLanguage "&%SapeleWood is made from logs of &%Sapele trees.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W SapeleWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S SapeleTree))
      
(subclass WalnutWood Hardwood)
(documentation WalnutWood EnglishLanguage "&%WalnutWood is made from logs of &%Walnut trees.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W WalnutWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S WalnutTree))

(subclass WhiteOakWood Hardwood)
(documentation WhiteOakWood EnglishLanguage "&%WhiteOakWood is made from logs of &%WhiteOak trees.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W WhiteOakWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S WhiteOakTree))

(subclass Softwood WoodProduct)
(documentation Softwood EnglishLanguage "&%Softwood is made from logs of gymnosperm trees, mainly from 
&%Conifers.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W
      (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W Softwood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (modalAttribute
    (initialPart ?S Conifers) Likely))

(subclass CedarWood Softwood)
(documentation CedarWood EnglishLanguage "&%CedarWood is made from logs of &%Cedar trees.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W CedarWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S CedarTree))

(subclass FirWood Softwood)
(documentation FirWood EnglishLanguage "&%FirWood is made from logs of &%Fir trees.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W FirWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S FirTree))

(subclass LarchWood Softwood)
(documentation LarchWood EnglishLanguage "&%LarchWood is made from logs of &%Larch trees.")
 
(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W LarchWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S LarchTree))

(subclass SpruceWood Softwood)
(documentation SpruceWood EnglishLanguage "&%SpruceWood is made from logs of &%Spruce trees.")

(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W SpruceWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S SpruceTree))

(subclass PineWood Softwood)
(documentation PineWood EnglishLanguage "&%PineWood is made from logs of &%PineTrees.")
 
(=>
  (and
    (equal ?W (OrganicObjectFn ?S))
    (subclass ?W PineWood)
    (subclass ?S PlantStem))
  (initialPart ?S PineTree))

(subclass Felling Cutting)
(subclass Felling Harvesting)
(documentation Felling EnglishLanguage "The intentional &%Felling is the &%Cutting down of a &%BotanicalTree.")

(=>
  (instance ?FELL Felling)
  (exists (?C ?F ?T ?S)
    (and
      (instance ?C Cutting)
      (patient ?C ?T)
      (instance ?T BotanicalTree)
      (result ?C ?F)
      (instance ?F Falling)
      (patient ?F ?S)
      (instance ?S PlantStem)
      (part ?S ?T))))

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?F Felling)
    (result ?F ?S))
  (exists (?STEM)
    (and
      (instance ?S
        (DeadFn ?STEM))
      (subclass ?STEM PlantStem))))
          
(subclass Timber WoodProduct)
(documentation Timber EnglishLanguage "&%Timber are &%PlantStems of felled &%BotanicalTrees before they are 
cut and processed into &%Lumber.")
(relatedInternalConcept Timber OrganicObject)
(relatedInternalConcept Timber BotanicalTree)
(relatedInternalConcept Timber Lumber)

(=>
  (instance ?F Felling)
  (hasPurpose ?F
    (exists (?T ?TIMB ?S)
      (and
        (instance ?T BotanicalTree)
        (patient ?F ?T)
        (result ?F ?TIMB)
        (instance ?TIMB Timber)
        (equal ?TIMB ?S)
        (instance ?S PlantStem)
        (holdsDuring
          (BeginFn 
            (WhenFn ?F))
          (part ?S ?T))
        (holdsDuring
          (EndFn
            (WhenFn ?F))
          (not
            (part ?S ?T)))))))
        
(=>
  (instance ?L Lumber)
  (exists (?C ?T)
      (and
        (instance ?C Cutting)
        (result ?C ?L)
        (patient ?C ?T)
        (instance ?T Lumber))))
      
(subclass Lumber WoodProduct)
(documentation Lumber EnglishLanguage "&%Lumber is a class of &%WoodProduct cut into various sizes and forms
from &%Timber.")

(=>
  (instance ?L Lumber)
  (hasPurpose ?L
    (exists (?C)
      (and
        (instance ?C Carpentry)
        (patient ?C ?L)))))

(subclass RoughSawnLumber Lumber)
(documentation RoughSawnLumber EnglishLanguage "&%RoughSawnLumber is &%Lumber cut into a broad of desired
thickness, width and one straigth-line edge.")

(=>
  (instance ?R RoughSawnLumber)
  (not
    (exists (?C ?P)
      (and
        (instance ?C Cutting)
        (instrument ?C ?P)
        (instance ?P Planer)
        (patient ?C ?R)))))

(subclass FinishedLumber Lumber)
(documentation FinishedLumber EnglishLanguage "&%FinishedLumber is &%RoughSawnLumber that has been passed 
through a &%Planner.")

(=>
  (instance ?F FinishedLumber)
  (exists (?C ?P)
    (and
      (instance ?C Cutting)
      (instrument ?C ?P)
      (instance ?P Planer)
      (result ?C ?F))))

(relatedInternalConcept Wood WoodenArtifact)
(subclass WoodenArtifact WoodProduct)
(documentation WoodenArtifact EnglishLanguage "&%WoodenArtifact refers to an ornament, tool, or other
object that is made by a human being.")

(=>
  (instance ?W WoodenArtifact)
  (material Wood ?W))

(subclass OakWoodArtifact WoodenArtifact)
(documentation OakWoodArtifact EnglishLanguage "Any &%WoodenArtifact that is made from the &%Wood of an
oak tree.")
                          
;(subclass NaturalRubber PlantAgriculturalProduct)

;(documentation NaturalRubber EnglishLanguage "&%NaturalRubber is the subclass of 
;&%PlantAgriculturalProducts made from the sap of plant species which produce natural 
;polymers.")

;(subclass MiningProduct Product)

;(documentation MiningProduct EnglishLanguage "&%MiningProduct is the class of things 
;that are produced from the earth for human use by mining or another form 
;of extraction.  This includes metal ores, petroleum, and other products.")

(names "bauxite" Bauxite)
(documentation Bauxite EnglishLanguage "&%Bauxite is an impure mixture of earthy 
hydrous aluminum oxides and hydroxides that is the principal 
source of aluminum.")
;(subclass Bauxite MiningProduct)
(subclass Bauxite Mixture)

(=>
  (instance ?ORE Bauxite)
  (exists (?METAL)
    (and
      (instance ?METAL Alumina)
      (component ?METAL ?ORE))))

(subclass Alumina CompoundSubstance)
(names "aluminum oxide" Alumina)
(names "alumina" Alumina)

;;(subclass PetroleumProduct MiningProduct)


(documentation Alumina EnglishLanguage "&%Alumina is the naturally occurring oxide 
of aluminum which is found in corundum and bauxite.")


(subclass IronOre CompoundSubstance)
(names "iron ore" IronOre)
;;(subclass IronOre MiningProduct)
(subclass IronOre Mineral)
(documentation IronOre EnglishLanguage "&%IronOre is a subclass of &%CompoundSubstance 
that contains compounds of iron, of which the most common are 
hematite and limonite.  Iron is obtained from smelting iron ores.")

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?PROCESS Separating)
    (resource ?PROCESS ?SOURCE)
    (result ?PROCESS ?PRODUCT)
    (instance ?PRODUCT Iron))
  (instance ?SOURCE IronOre)) 

(=>
  (instance ?ORE IronOre)
  (exists (?METAL)
    (and
      (instance ?METAL Iron)
      (component ?METAL ?ORE))))

;;(subclass CopperOre MiningProduct)
(subclass CopperOre Mineral)

(=>
  (instance ?ORE CopperOre)
  (exists (?METAL)
    (and
      (instance ?METAL Copper)
      (component ?METAL ?ORE))))

;;(subclass NickelOre MiningProduct)
(subclass NickelOre Mineral)

(=>
  (instance ?ORE NickelOre)
  (exists (?METAL)
    (and
      (instance ?METAL Nickel)
      (component ?METAL ?ORE))))

;;(subclass LeadOre MiningProduct)
(subclass LeadOre Mineral)

(=>
  (instance ?ORE LeadOre)
  (exists (?METAL)
    (and
      (instance ?METAL Lead)
      (component ?METAL ?ORE))))

;;(subclass ZincOre MiningProduct)
(subclass ZincOre Mineral)

(=>
  (instance ?ORE ZincOre)
  (exists (?METAL)
    (and
      (instance ?METAL Zinc)
      (component ?METAL ?ORE))))

(subclass Petroleum PetroleumProduct)
(names "petroleum" Petroleum)
(names "crude oil" Petroleum)

(documentation Petroleum EnglishLanguage "Petroleum is commonly known as crude 
oil.  It is a thick, dark brown or greenish flammable liquid, which exists 
in the upper strata of some areas of the Earth's crust.  It consists of a 
complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, 
but may vary much in appearance, composition, and purity. (from Wikipedia)
Crude oil has not be subject to the distillation that will yield a
&%RefinedPetroleumProduct.") 

(subclass Distilling Separating)

(documentation Distilling EnglishLanguage "Distillation is a means of separating &%Liquids 
through differences in their &%boilingPoints.  The device used in 
distillation is referred to as a still and consists at a minimum of a pot 
in which the source material is heated, a condenser in which the heated 
&%Gas is cooled back to the liquid state, and a receiver in which the 
concentrated or purified liquid is collected.  The equipment may effect 
separation by one of two main methods.  Firstly the vapours given off by 
the heated mixture may consist of two liquids with significantly different 
boiling points.  Thus, the vapour that is given off is in the vast 
majority of one or the other liquid, which after condensation and 
collection effects the separation.  The second method (fractional 
distillation) relies upon a gradient of temperatures existing in the 
condenser stage of the equipment.  Often in this technique, a vertical 
condenser, or column, is used.  By extracting products that are liquid at 
different heights up the column, it is possible to extract liquids that 
have different boiling points.  (from Wikipedia)") 

;; KJN: Moving this concept to Mid-level-ontology.kif as it seems to be a fundamental
;; concept in the world.
;;(subclass Electricity Substance)

;;(documentation Electricity EnglishLanguage "While electricity is typically thought of as just a difference
;;in electrical potential, one way of modeling electricity is as a substance
;;that can be moved from one point to another or consumed.  One could make the claim
;;that subatomic physics also supports the classification as a substance since electrons
;;are objects.")

(industryProductType ElectricalPowerGeneration Electricity)

;;----------------------------------------------------------------------

;; C. Manufactured Goods (1): Capital Goods
;; removing this as all products are manufactured by definition, vcvp oct2011
;(subclass ManufacturedProduct Product)

;(documentation ManufacturedProduct EnglishLanguage "&%ManufacturedProduct is 
;the subclass of &%Product that includes goods that are produced 
;or assembled in factories or other manufacturing processes, 
;in contrast to &%AgriculturalProducts.")

;;MS: The problematic definition of Product could be solved by changing it from a class to an attribute. For instance I have changed the term CapitalGood from a class to an Attribute, it is more about the manner how something is used and most if not all of the lowlevel subclass are not neccessary used as CapitalGood. The same goes for Product, which could be IMHO maybe even made a relation.

;;(subclass CapitalGood Product)
;;(documentation CapitalGood EnglishLanguage "&%CapitalGoods are those that are used in
;;the production of other &%Products. For example, raw materials from which end 
;;products are manufactured, or machines and other structures used in the production process.")

(instance MeanOfProduction EconomicRole)
(documentation MeanOfProduction EnglishLanguage "Means of production refers to physical, non-human inputs used in production—the factories, machines, and tools used to produce wealth — along with both infrastructural capital and natural capital. This includes the classical factors of production minus financial capital and minus human capital. They include two broad categories of objects: instruments of labour (tools, factories, infrastructure, etc.) and subjects of labour (natural resources and raw materials). (Wikipedia)")
(=>
  (attribute ?X MeanOfProduction)
  (hasPurpose ?X
    (or
      (exists (?MAKE ?PRODUCT)
        (and
          (instance ?MAKE Making)
          (involvedInEvent ?MAKE ?X)
          (not
            (result ?MAKE ?X))
          (instance ?PRODUCT Artifact)
          (result ?MAKE ?PRODUCT)
          (hasPurpose ?PRODUCT
            (exists (?SELL)
              (and
                (instance ?SELL Selling)
                (patient ?SELL ?PRODUCT))))))
      (exists (?SERVICE)
        (and
          (instance ?SERVICE CommercialService)
          (involvedInEvent ?SERVICE ?X))))))

;;(subclass IndustrialRawMaterial CapitalGood)

(subAttribute IndustrialRawMaterial MeanOfProduction)
(=>
  (attribute ?X IndustrialRawMaterial)
  (hasPurpose ?X
    (exists (?M)
      (and
        (instance ?M Manufacture)
        (resource ?M ?X)))))
        
;(subclass IndustrialSupply CapitalGood)
;(subclass IndustrialSupply Product)

(subAttribute IndustrialSupply MeanOfProduction)
(documentation IndustrialSupply EnglishLanguage "&%IndustrialSupply is the class of 
products that are used in industry but which are not raw materials 
for products being manufactured.  &%IndustrialSupply includes maintenance, 
repair, and operation (MRO) supplies, including janitorial, electrical, 
bearings, tools, machinery, accessories, fire and safety equipment, and 
other industrial items.")

(relatedInternalConcept IndustrialMachineryManufacturing IndustrialSupply)
(relatedInternalConcept IndustrialMachineryAndEquipmentWholesalers IndustrialSupply) 
(relatedInternalConcept MachineryEquipmentAndSuppliesWholesalers IndustrialSupply)

(subAttribute Machinery IndustrialSupply)
;;(subclass Machinery IndustrialSupply)
;;(subclass Machinery Device)
;;(subclass Machine Machinery)

(documentation Machinery EnglishLanguage "&%Machinery is the class of products 
that includes &%Machines, tools, and machine parts used in industrial 
or other commercial processes.")


(=>
  (attribute ?X Machinery)
  (hasPurpose ?X
    (exists (?M)
      (and
        (instance ?M Manufacture)
        (instrument ?M ?X)))))

;;(subclass MachineTool Machinery)

;(subclass ChemicalProduct ManufacturedProduct)
(subclass ChemicalProduct CompoundSubstance)
(documentation ChemicalProduct EnglishLanguage "&%ChemicalProduct is the subclass 
of &%Product comprising all chemical compounds that are end products 
or industrial products used in the manufacture of end products.")

;;(subclass Plastic ManufacturedProduct)
;;(industryProductType PlasticsProductManufacturing Plastic)

;; Manufactured metal products:
;;(relatedInternalConcept MetalProduct Metal)

;;(=>
;;  (instance ?ITEM MetalProduct)
;;  (or
;;    (instance ?ITEM Metal)
;;    (exists (?PART)
;;      (and
;;        (instance ?PART Metal)
;;        (or
;;          (part ?PART ?ITEM)
;;          (component ?PART ?ITEM))))))

;; TERM :
;; KJN: Removing this for now - same issue with everything about Product --- are all
;; Steel instances MetalProduct / ManufacturedProduct instances?
;;(subclass Steel MetalProduct)
;;(relatedInternalConcept Steel Iron)

;;(=>
;;  (instance ?ITEM Steel)
;;  (exists (?PART)
;;    (and
;;      (instance ?PART Iron)
;;      (part ?PART ?ITEM))))

;;(=>
;;  (instance ?ITEM Steel)
;;  (exists (?PART)
;;    (and
;;      (instance ?PART Carbon)
;;      (part ?PART ?ITEM))))

;;(subclass IronMetal MetalProduct)
;;(relatedInternalConcept IronMetal Iron)

;;(=>
;;  (instance ?ITEM IronMetal)
;;  (exists (?PART)
;;    (and
;;      (instance ?PART Iron)
;;      (part ?PART ?ITEM))))

;;(subclass AluminumMetal MetalProduct)
;;(relatedInternalConcept AluminumMetal Aluminum)

;;(=>
;;  (instance ?ITEM AluminumMetal)
;;  (exists (?PART)
;;    (and
;;      (instance ?PART Aluminum)
;;      (part ?PART ?ITEM))))

;;(subclass LeadMetal MetalProduct)
;;(relatedInternalConcept LeadMetal Lead)

;;(=>
;;  (instance ?ITEM LeadMetal)
;;  (exists (?PART)
;;    (and
;;      (instance ?PART Lead)
;;      (part ?PART ?ITEM))))

;(subclass LeadProduct ManufacturedProduct)
;(subclass LeadProduct LeadMetal)

;(subclass ZincProduct ManufacturedProduct)
;(subclass ZincProduct MetalProduct)

;(subclass Concrete ManufacturedProduct)
(subclass Concrete Mixture)
(industryProductType ConcretePipeBrickAndBlockManufacturing Concrete)
(industryProductType OtherConcreteProductManufacturing Concrete)

(documentation Concrete EnglishLanguage "&%Concrete is a class of &%CompoundSubstances 
used as building materials.  Concrete is made up of &%Mineral pieces 
(sand or gravel) and a &%Cement material used to bind them together.") 

(=>
  (instance ?CONCRETE Concrete)
  (exists (?PART)
    (and
      (instance ?PART Mineral)
      (component ?PART ?CONCRETE))))

(=>
  (instance ?CONCRETE Concrete)
  (exists (?PART)
    (and
      (instance ?PART Cement)
      (component ?PART ?CONCRETE))))

(subclass ReadyMixConcrete Concrete)
(industryProductType ReadyMixConcreteManufacturing ReadyMixConcrete)

;(subclass Cement ManufacturedProduct)
(subclass Cement CompoundSubstance)

(documentation Cement EnglishLanguage "&%Cement is a subclass of &%CompoundSubstance 
whose instances may contain various minerals or ores, prepared by 
heating and pulverizing, and used in binding &%Concrete or in laying 
brick or stone.")

;; AXIOMS:
(subclass RefinedPetroleumProduct PetroleumProduct)
(documentation RefinedPetroleumProduct EnglishLanguage "A &%Substance that is the result
of the &%Distilling of &%Petroleum.")

(subclass LiquefiedPetroleumGas RefinedPetroleumProduct)

(subclass PetroleumLubricant RefinedPetroleumProduct)
(documentation PetroleumLubricant EnglishLanguage "PetroleumLubricant is the subclass of 
RefinedPetroleumProducts that are lubricants.")

(subclass MotorOil PetroleumLubricant)
(documentation MotorOil EnglishLanguage "MotorOil is the subclass of PetroleumLubricants 
that are used to lubricate motors.")

;; KJN: Moving this to Mid-level-ontology.kif as it is a common enough concept and
;; is used in a couple other axioms there.
;;(subclass Gasoline FossilFuel)
;;(documentation Gasoline EnglishLanguage "Gasoline is the subclass of 
;;RefinedPetroleumProducts that are fuels for internal combustion engines.")

;;(subclass DieselFuel FossilFuel)
;;(documentation DieselFuel EnglishLanguage "DieselFuel is the subclass of 
;;RefinedPetroleumProducts that are fuels for diesel engines.")

(subclass Asphalt RefinedPetroleumProduct)
(disjoint Asphalt FossilFuel)
(documentation Asphalt EnglishLanguage "Asphalt is a highly viscous liquid that occurs 
naturally in most crude petroleums.  Asphalt can be separated from the 
other components in crude oil (such as naphtha, gasoline and diesel) by 
the process of fractional distillation, usually under vacuum conditions.  
Both tars and asphalts are classified as bitumens, a classification that 
includes all materials entirely soluble in carbon disulphide.  Asphalt is 
commonly used in roofing shingles, and combined with mineral aggregate to 
make asphalt concrete for making roads.  (definition from Wikipedia)") 

;; TERMS:
(subclass Soap Surfactant)

(documentation Soap EnglishLanguage "Soap is a &%Surfactant &%Cleaning mixture used for 
personal or minor cleaning.  It usually comes in solid moulded form.  In 
the developed world, synthetic detergents have superseded soap as a 
laundry aid.  Many soaps are mixtures of sodium or potassium salts of 
fatty acids which can be derived from oils or fats by reacting them with 
an alkali (such as sodium or potassium hydroxide) at 80-100 degrees Celsius in a 
process known as saponification. (from Wikipedia)") 

(subclass Fertilizer Mixture)
(documentation Fertilizer EnglishLanguage "Any Mixture which is used to provide nutrients to 
living Plants.  Fertilizers can be made up of plant or animal material, e.g. 
compost, or they can be entirely synthetic, e.g. ammonium nitrate.")
(relatedInternalConcept Fertilizer Nitrogen)
(relatedInternalConcept Fertilizer Potash)
(relatedInternalConcept Fertilizer PhosphoricAcid)

(subclass PhosphoricAcid CompoundSubstance)
(relatedInternalConcept PhosphoricAcid Phosphorus)

(subclass Lathe Machine)
(documentation Lathe EnglishLanguage "A &%Machine designed to shape (or change the 
surface of) a &%Object made of different materials by means of &%Rotating the &%Object 
against a &%Device making the change.")
(=>
  (instance ?L Lathe)
  (hasPurpose ?L
    (exists (?PROC ?OBJ)
      (and
        (instrument ?PROC ?L)
        (patient ?PROC ?OBJ)
        (or
          (instance ?PROC ShapeChange)
          (instance ?PROC SurfaceChange))))))
(=>
  (and
    (instance ?L Lathe)
    (instance ?OBJ Object)
    (instrument ?PROC ?L)
    (patient ?PROC ?OBJ))
  (exists (?R)
    (and
      (instance ?R Rotating)
      (subProcess ?PROC ?R)
      (patient ?R ?OBJ)
      (agent ?R ?L))))
      
(subclass Planer Machine)
(subclass Planer CuttingDevice)
(documentation Planer EnglishLanguage "A &%Machine designed to produce a &%Flat surface on a wooden board.")
;;Maybe it would be worth reviewing the definition of Flat and LevelShape.
(=>
  (instance ?PLANER Planer)
  (hasPurpose ?PLANER
    (exists (?CUT ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?U ?H1 ?H2)
      (and
        (instance ?CUT Cutting)
        (instrument ?CUT ?PLANER)
        (resource ?CUT ?OBJ1)
        (instance ?OBJ1 Object)
        (material ?OBJ1 Wood)
        (result ?CUT ?OBJ2)
        (instance ?OBJ2 Object)
        (material Wood ?OBJ2)
        (attribute ?OBJ2 Flat)
        (instance ?U UnitOfLength)
        (height ?OBJ1 
          (MeasureFn ?H1 ?U))
        (height ?OBJ2 
          (MeasureFn ?H2 ?U))
        (greaterThan ?H1 ?H2)))))
;;----------------------------------------------------------------------

;;  D.  Manufactured Goods (2): Consumer Goods

;; (a) Durable Goods 

;(subclass DurableGood ManufacturedProduct)

;; KJN: Because DurableGood was commented out due to ManufacturedProduct, I am
;; commenting out the the documentation statement, as well as all other subclasses
;; of DurableGood
;;(documentation DurableGood EnglishLanguage "&%DurableGood is the subclass of 
;;&%Products which are designed to last for three years 
;;or more.")

;;(subclass MajorAppliance DurableGood)
;; KJN: Moving these to MILO for now
;;(subclass MajorAppliance Device)

;; TERMS - subclasses of &%MajorAppliance:
;;(subclass Refrigerator MajorAppliance)
;;(subclass Freezer MajorAppliance)
;;(subclass CookingRange MajorAppliance)
;;(subclass CookingOven MajorAppliance)
;;(subclass HotWaterHeater MajorAppliance)
;;(subclass ClothesWashingMachine MajorAppliance)
;;(subclass ClothesDryer MajorAppliance)
;;(subclass Dishwasher MajorAppliance)

;; Other durable goods:
;; cancelling this subclasses after discussion with Adam on artisanal products, like artsy chairs and handmade cheeses
;(subclass Furniture DurableGood)  ;; &%Furniture is defined in naics.kif vcvp:not really Furniture is defined in Mid-level-ontology.kif 2856-2860
;(subclass Lumber DurableGood)
;(subclass MetalProduct DurableGood)
;(subclass Machinery DurableGood)

;; (b) Non-durable Consumer Goods

;; TERM
;(subclass ConsumerGood ManufacturedProduct) 

;(subclass TextileProduct ManufacturedProduct)
;(industryProductType TextileMills TextileProduct)
;(industryProductType TextileProductMills TextileProduct)

;(subclass HandicraftProduct Product)

;(documentation HandicraftProduct EnglishLanguage "&%HandicraftProduct is the class of 
;&%Products that are manufactured by hand with a special skill.")

;(subclass HandwovenCarpet TextileProduct)
;(subclass HandwovenCarpet HandicraftProduct)

(subclass PersonalAdornment WearableItem)

(documentation PersonalAdornment EnglishLanguage "&%PersonalAdornment is the subclass 
of &%WearableItems that are worn primarily for decorative purposes.")

;;(subclass PreciousGemstone MiningProduct)
;;(subclass SemipreciousGemstone MiningProduct)

(subclass Gemstone Mixture)
(subclass PreciousGemstone Gemstone)

(documentation PreciousGemstone EnglishLanguage "&%PreciousGemstone is the class of 
&%Minerals and fossilized substances that have great monetary value.")

(subclass SemipreciousGemstone Gemstone)

(documentation SemipreciousGemstone EnglishLanguage "&%SemipreciousGemstone is the 
class of &%Minerals and other substances that have significant 
monetary value, but less than those of the class &%PreciousGemstone.")

(subclass Pearl Jewelry)

(documentation Gemstone EnglishLanguage "&%Gemstone is the subclass of &%Mineral items 
that are especially valued for use in jewelry and other decorative items, and also in some mechanical and industrial applications.")

(subclass Jewelry PersonalAdornment)
(subclass Jewelry WearableItem)

(documentation Jewelry EnglishLanguage "&%Jewelry is the subclass of &%PersonalAdornment 
items that are typically made of metals (especially precious metals), 
gems, and other non-cloth materials.")

;(subclass PharmaceuticalProduct ManufacturedProduct)
;(relatedInternalConcept PharmaceuticalProduct ChemicalProduct)
;(industryProductType PharmaceuticalPreparationManufacturing PharmaceuticalProduct)

;;---------------------------------------------------------------------
;;
;; E. Agricultural Production Processes

;; &%Agriculture defined in Geography.kif, &%CropProduction in naics.kif

;; FUNCTION:

;; KJN: Commenting this out for now as AgriculturalProduct has been commented out.
;;(instance AgricultureFn UnaryFunction)
;;(domainSubclass AgricultureFn 1 AgriculturalProduct)
;;(rangeSubclass AgricultureFn Agriculture)  

;;(documentation AgricultureFn EnglishLanguage "(&%AgricultureFn ?PRODUCT) denotes the 
;;subclass of &%Agriculture processes in which the &%AgriculturalProduct 
;;?PRODUCT is cultivated.")

;;(=>
;;  (subclass ?ITEM FruitOrVegetable)
;;  (attribute (AgricultureFn ?ITEM) CropProduction))

;;(=>
;;   (and
;;  (subAttribute ?INDUSTRY AnimalProduction)
;;  (industryProductType ?INDUSTRY ?ANIMAL)
;;  (subclass ?ANIMAL Livestock))
;;  (attribute (AgricultureFn ?ANIMAL) ?INDUSTRY))

(instance CerealGrainFarming IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute CerealGrainFarming OilseedAndGrainFarming)
(industryProductType CerealGrainFarming CerealGrain)

;; AXIOMS for terms defined in naics.kif:
(subAttribute CornFarming CerealGrainFarming)
(subAttribute RiceFarming CerealGrainFarming)
(subAttribute WheatFarming CerealGrainFarming)
(industryProductType CornFarming MaizeGrain)
(industryProductType WheatFarming WheatGrain)
(industryProductType RiceFarming RiceGrain)

(instance OatFarming IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute OatFarming CerealGrainFarming)
(subAttribute OatFarming OtherGrainFarming)
(industryProductType OatFarming OatGrain)

(instance BarleyFarming IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute BarleyFarming CerealGrainFarming)
(subAttribute BarleyFarming OtherGrainFarming)
(industryProductType BarleyFarming BarleyGrain)

(instance RyeFarming IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute RyeFarming CerealGrainFarming)
(subAttribute RyeFarming OtherGrainFarming)
(industryProductType RyeFarming RyeGrain)

(instance SorghumFarming IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute SorghumFarming CerealGrainFarming)
(subAttribute SorghumFarming OtherGrainFarming)
(industryProductType SorghumFarming SorghumGrain)

(instance MilletFarming IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute MilletFarming CerealGrainFarming)
(subAttribute MilletFarming OtherGrainFarming)
(industryProductType MilletFarming MilletGrain)

(instance FruitFarming IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute FruitFarming FruitAndTreeNutFarming)
(industryProductType FruitFarming Fruit)

(instance VegetableFarming IndustryAttribute)
(subAttribute VegetableFarming VegetableAndMelonFarming)
(industryProductType VegetableFarming Vegetable)

;; AXIOMS for industries defined in naics.kif:
;(industryProductType ForestryAndLogging ForestProduct)
(industryProductType TreeNutFarming EdibleNut)
(industryProductType PeanutFarming Groundnut)
(industryProductType CattleRanchingAndFarming Cattle)
(industryProductType SheepFarming Sheep)
(industryProductType GoatFarming Goat)
(industryProductType HogAndPigFarming Pork)
(industryProductType PotatoFarming PotatoTuber)
(industryProductType SugarBeetFarming SugarBeet)
(industryProductType CottonFarming Cotton)
(industryProductType PoultryAndEggProduction Poultry)
;(industryProductType PoultryAndEggProduction FoodEgg)
;(industryProductType DairyCattleAndMilkProduction DairyProduct)

(subAttribute WineGrapeVineyards GrapeVineyards)
;(industryProductType WineGrapeVineyards WineGrape)

;; TERM
(subclass OpiumPoppyFarming Farming)
(industryProductType OpiumPoppyFarming OpiumPoppy)

;;======================================================================
;; Jennie Pease
;; 9th March 2023
;; Moved some agriculture terms from Society.kif to here
;;

(subclass Aloes Succulent)
(documentation Aloes EnglishLanguage "&%Aloes is the class of 
&%Succulent &%FlowringPlant with over 650 species. The most well-known species is
&%AloeveraPlant.")

(subclass AloeveraPlant Aloes)
(documentation AloeveraPlant EnglishLanguage "&%AloeveraPlant is the class of the
most well-known &%Aloes species which is a kind of &%Succulent &%FlowringPlant.")

(subclass AloeveraGel PlantSubstance)
(subclass AloveraGel Gel)
(documentation AloeveraGel EnglishLanguage "&%AloeveraGel is extract from &%AloeveraPlants typically used to make 
topical medications.")