diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 2ca16223768..f2e40934994 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.htm
 
 - `Processor.OnEmit` in `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log` now accepts a pointer to `Record` instead of a value so that the record modifications done in a processor are propagated to subsequent registered processors. (#5636)
 - `SimpleProcessor.Enabled` in `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log` now returns `false` if the exporter is `nil`. (#5665)
+- Update the concurrency requirements of `Exporter` in `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log`. (#5666)
+- `SimpleProcessor` in `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log` synchronizes `OnEmit` calls. (#5666)
 
 ### Fixed
 
diff --git a/sdk/log/exporter.go b/sdk/log/exporter.go
index 92ff1429a0b..e4e3c5402bf 100644
--- a/sdk/log/exporter.go
+++ b/sdk/log/exporter.go
@@ -15,10 +15,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 // Exporter handles the delivery of log records to external receivers.
-//
-// Any of the Exporter's methods may be called concurrently with itself
-// or with other methods. It is the responsibility of the Exporter to manage
-// this concurrency.
 type Exporter interface {
 	// Export transmits log records to a receiver.
 	//
@@ -34,6 +30,9 @@ type Exporter interface {
 	//
 	// Before modifying a Record, the implementation must use Record.Clone
 	// to create a copy that shares no state with the original.
+	//
+	// Export should never be called concurrently with other Export calls.
+	// However, it may be called concurrently with other methods.
 	Export(ctx context.Context, records []Record) error
 
 	// Shutdown is called when the SDK shuts down. Any cleanup or release of
@@ -44,6 +43,8 @@ type Exporter interface {
 	//
 	// After Shutdown is called, calls to Export, Shutdown, or ForceFlush
 	// should perform no operation and return nil error.
+	//
+	// Shutdown may be called concurrently with itself or with other methods.
 	Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error
 
 	// ForceFlush exports log records to the configured Exporter that have not yet
@@ -51,6 +52,8 @@ type Exporter interface {
 	//
 	// The deadline or cancellation of the passed context must be honored. An
 	// appropriate error should be returned in these situations.
+	//
+	// ForceFlush may be called concurrently with itself or with other methods.
 	ForceFlush(ctx context.Context) error
 }
 
diff --git a/sdk/log/simple.go b/sdk/log/simple.go
index cf7c315a62d..863be8df787 100644
--- a/sdk/log/simple.go
+++ b/sdk/log/simple.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ var _ Processor = (*SimpleProcessor)(nil)
 //
 // Use [NewSimpleProcessor] to create a SimpleProcessor.
 type SimpleProcessor struct {
+	mu       sync.Mutex
 	exporter Exporter
 }
 
@@ -43,6 +44,9 @@ func (s *SimpleProcessor) OnEmit(ctx context.Context, r *Record) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
 	records := simpleProcRecordsPool.Get().(*[]Record)
 	(*records)[0] = *r
 	defer func() {
diff --git a/sdk/log/simple_test.go b/sdk/log/simple_test.go
index b20f2071e1b..cc71360f8fc 100644
--- a/sdk/log/simple_test.go
+++ b/sdk/log/simple_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ package log_test
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -70,6 +72,25 @@ func TestSimpleProcessorForceFlush(t *testing.T) {
 	require.True(t, e.forceFlushCalled, "exporter ForceFlush not called")
 }
 
+type writerExporter struct {
+	io.Writer
+}
+
+func (e *writerExporter) Export(_ context.Context, records []log.Record) error {
+	for _, r := range records {
+		_, _ = io.WriteString(e.Writer, r.Body().String())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *writerExporter) Shutdown(context.Context) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *writerExporter) ForceFlush(context.Context) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func TestSimpleProcessorEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
 		var s log.SimpleProcessor
@@ -91,7 +112,8 @@ func TestSimpleProcessorConcurrentSafe(t *testing.T) {
 	r := new(log.Record)
 	r.SetSeverityText("test")
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	s := log.NewSimpleProcessor(nil)
+	e := &writerExporter{new(strings.Builder)}
+	s := log.NewSimpleProcessor(e)
 	for i := 0; i < goRoutineN; i++ {
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()