diff --git a/hildr-batcher/build.gradle b/hildr-batcher/build.gradle
index d8564f54..52bde3d4 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/build.gradle
+++ b/hildr-batcher/build.gradle
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ tasks.withType(JavaExec).configureEach {
 
 dependencies {
 	implementation project(':hildr-utilities')
-	implementation('net.osslabz.evm:evm-abi-decoder:0.0.6')
 	implementation 'com.github.gestalt-config:gestalt-core:0.20.4'
 	implementation 'com.github.gestalt-config:gestalt-toml:0.20.4'
 
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/BatcherSubmitter.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/BatcherSubmitter.java
index 9658fdf7..5ba933e5 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/BatcherSubmitter.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/BatcherSubmitter.java
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutionThreadService;
 import io.optimism.batcher.channel.ChannelManager;
 import io.optimism.batcher.config.Config;
-import io.optimism.batcher.ex.BatcherExecutionException;
+import io.optimism.batcher.exception.BatcherExecutionException;
 import io.optimism.batcher.loader.BlockLoader;
 import io.optimism.batcher.loader.LoaderConfig;
 import io.optimism.batcher.publisher.ChannelDataPublisher;
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/channel/ChannelException.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/channel/ChannelException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8fe91c08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/channel/ChannelException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 q315xia@163.com
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
+ * either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package io.optimism.batcher.channel;
+
+/**
+ * Batcher Channel Exception class.
+ *
+ * @author thinkAfCod
+ * @since 0.1.1
+ */
+public class ChannelException extends RuntimeException {
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new ChannelException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   */
+  public ChannelException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new ChannelException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public ChannelException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new ChannelException.
+   *
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public ChannelException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/channel/ChannelFullException.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/channel/ChannelFullException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d1e2d0a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/channel/ChannelFullException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 q315xia@163.com
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
+ * either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package io.optimism.batcher.channel;
+
+/**
+ * ChannelFullException class.
+ *
+ * @author thinkAfCod
+ * @since 0.1.1
+ */
+public class ChannelFullException extends ChannelException {
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new ChannelFullException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   */
+  public ChannelFullException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new ChannelFullException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public ChannelFullException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new ChannelFullException.
+   *
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public ChannelFullException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/channel/ChannelManager.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/channel/ChannelManager.java
index 2dca678d..2625fd6e 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/channel/ChannelManager.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/channel/ChannelManager.java
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 package io.optimism.batcher.channel;
 
-import io.optimism.batcher.ex.ReorgException;
 import io.optimism.type.BlockId;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/ex/ReorgException.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/channel/ReorgException.java
similarity index 97%
rename from hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/ex/ReorgException.java
rename to hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/channel/ReorgException.java
index a8d2fb9d..282f0dff 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/ex/ReorgException.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/channel/ReorgException.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package io.optimism.batcher.ex;
+package io.optimism.batcher.channel;
 
 /**
  * ReorgException class. Throws this when chain occurs reorg.
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/Compressor.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/Compressor.java
index 571c3122..e8c58dab 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/Compressor.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/Compressor.java
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package io.optimism.batcher.compressor;
 
 import java.io.Closeable;
-import java.io.Flushable;
 
 /**
  * Tx data bytes compressor interface.
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@
  * @author thinkAfCod
  * @since 0.1.1
  */
-public interface Compressor extends Closeable, Readable, Flushable {
+public interface Compressor extends Closeable {
 
   /**
    * write uncompressed data which will be compressed. Should return CompressorFullException if the
@@ -59,6 +58,8 @@ public interface Compressor extends Closeable, Readable, Flushable {
    * returns CompressorFullException if the compressor is known to be full. Note that calls to Write
    * will fail if an error is returned from this method, but calls to Write can still return
    * CompressorFullErr even if this does not.
+   *
+   * @return return true if compressed data length reached the limit, otherwise return false
    */
-  void fullErr();
+  boolean isFull();
 }
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/Config.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/CompressorConfig.java
similarity index 67%
rename from hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/Config.java
rename to hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/CompressorConfig.java
index 1501386d..5e6a4ef0 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/Config.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/CompressorConfig.java
@@ -16,20 +16,37 @@
 
 package io.optimism.batcher.compressor;
 
+import io.optimism.batcher.config.Config;
+
 /**
  * Compressor Config.
  *
- * @author thinkAfCod
- * @since 0.1.1
  * @param targetFrameSize To target when creating channel frames. Note that if the realized
  *     compression ratio is worse than the approximate, more frames may actually be created. This
  *     also depends on how close the target is to the max frame size.
- * @param targetNumFrame To create in this channel. If the realized compression ratio is worse than
+ * @param targetNumFrames To create in this channel. If the realized compression ratio is worse than
  *     approxComprRatio, additional leftover frame(s) might get created.
  * @param approxComprRatio ApproxComprRatio to assume. Should be slightly smaller than average from
  *     experiments to avoid the chances of creating a small additional leftover frame.
  * @param kind Kind of compressor to use. Must be one of KindKeys. If unset, NewCompressor will
  *     default to RatioKind.
+ * @author thinkAfCod
+ * @since 0.1.1
  */
-public record Config(
-    long targetFrameSize, int targetNumFrame, double approxComprRatio, String kind) {}
+public record CompressorConfig(
+    int targetFrameSize, int targetNumFrames, String approxComprRatio, String kind) {
+
+  /**
+   * Create CompressorConfig instance from Config instance.
+   *
+   * @param config Config instance
+   * @return CompressorConfig instance
+   */
+  public static CompressorConfig from(Config config) {
+    return new CompressorConfig(
+        config.targetFrameSize(),
+        config.targetNumFrames(),
+        config.approxComprRatio(),
+        Compressors.RatioKind);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/CompressorFactory.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/CompressorFactory.java
deleted file mode 100644
index fc80e7f2..00000000
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/CompressorFactory.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2023 q315xia@163.com
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
- * software distributed under the License is distributed on
- * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
- * either express or implied. See the License for the
- * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package io.optimism.batcher.compressor;
-
-/**
- * Compressor Factory.
- *
- * @author thinkAfCod
- * @since 0.1.1
- */
-public class CompressorFactory {
-
-  private CompressorFactory() {}
-}
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/Compressors.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/Compressors.java
index 345b907b..9a25f89d 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/Compressors.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/Compressors.java
@@ -16,24 +16,33 @@
 
 package io.optimism.batcher.compressor;
 
+import io.optimism.batcher.exception.UnsupportedException;
+
 /**
  * Compressor create tool.
  *
  * @author thinkAfCod
  * @since 0.1.1
  */
-public interface Compressors {
+public class Compressors {
 
   /** Kind type of ratio. */
-  String RatioKind = "ratio";
+  public static final String RatioKind = "ratio";
 
-  /** Kind type of shadow. */
-  String ShadowKind = "shadow";
+  private Compressors() {}
 
   /**
    * Create Compressor by kind.
    *
-   * @param kind Type of Compressor
+   * @param config Config of compressor
+   * @return a compressor
    */
-  default void create(String kind) {}
+  public static Compressor create(final CompressorConfig config) {
+    String kind = config.kind();
+    if (kind.equalsIgnoreCase(RatioKind)) {
+      return new RatioCompressor(config);
+    } else {
+      throw new UnsupportedException(String.format("unsupported kind: %s", kind));
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/RatioCompressor.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/RatioCompressor.java
index 0122d86a..aec4b9b1 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/RatioCompressor.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/RatioCompressor.java
@@ -16,9 +16,12 @@
 
 package io.optimism.batcher.compressor;
 
+import io.optimism.batcher.compressor.exception.CompressorFullException;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.CharBuffer;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.RoundingMode;
+import java.util.zip.Deflater;
 
 /**
  * RatioCompressor class.
@@ -28,39 +31,88 @@
  */
 public class RatioCompressor implements Compressor {
 
-  RatioCompressor() {
-    // todo plan to use java.util.zip.Deflater
+  private final CompressorConfig config;
+
+  private final Deflater deflater;
+
+  private final int inputThreshold;
+
+  private volatile ByteArrayOutputStream bos;
+
+  private int pos;
+
+  private int inputLength;
+
+  RatioCompressor(final CompressorConfig config) {
+    this.config = config;
+    this.deflater = new Deflater(Deflater.BEST_COMPRESSION);
+    this.inputThreshold = inputThreshold();
+    this.bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(this.inputThreshold);
+    this.pos = 0;
+    this.inputLength = 0;
   }
 
   @Override
   public int write(byte[] p) {
-    return 0;
+    if (this.isFull()) {
+      throw new CompressorFullException("the target amount of input data has been reached limit");
+    }
+    this.inputLength += p.length;
+    this.deflater.setInput(p);
+    byte[] compressed = new byte[p.length];
+    int len = this.deflater.deflate(compressed);
+    this.bos.write(compressed, 0, len);
+    this.deflater.reset();
+    return p.length;
   }
 
   @Override
   public int read(byte[] p) {
-    return 0;
+    byte[] data = this.bos.toByteArray();
+    int len = this.bos.size();
+    if (pos > len) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    int readLen = p.length;
+    int avail = len - pos;
+    if (p.length > avail) {
+      readLen = avail;
+    }
+    System.arraycopy(data, pos, p, 0, readLen);
+    pos += readLen;
+    return readLen;
   }
 
   @Override
-  public int read(@NotNull CharBuffer cb) throws IOException {
-    return 0;
+  public void reset() {
+    if (this.bos != null) {
+      this.bos.reset();
+    }
+    this.deflater.reset();
+    this.pos = 0;
+    this.inputLength = 0;
   }
 
-  @Override
-  public void reset() {}
-
   @Override
   public int length() {
-    return 0;
+    return this.bos.size() - this.pos;
   }
 
   @Override
-  public void fullErr() {}
+  public boolean isFull() {
+    return this.inputLength >= this.inputThreshold;
+  }
 
   @Override
-  public void close() throws IOException {}
+  public void close() throws IOException {
+    this.deflater.finish();
+    this.deflater.end();
+  }
 
-  @Override
-  public void flush() throws IOException {}
+  private int inputThreshold() {
+    return BigDecimal.valueOf(config.targetNumFrames())
+        .multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(config.targetFrameSize()))
+        .divide(new BigDecimal(config.approxComprRatio()), 2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP)
+        .intValue();
+  }
 }
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/ShadowCompressor.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/ShadowCompressor.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 9550fbf1..00000000
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/ShadowCompressor.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2023 q315xia@163.com
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
- * software distributed under the License is distributed on
- * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
- * either express or implied. See the License for the
- * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package io.optimism.batcher.compressor;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.CharBuffer;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
-
-/**
- * ShadowCompressor class.
- *
- * @author thinkAfCod
- * @since 0.1.1
- */
-public class ShadowCompressor implements Compressor {
-
-  /** Constructor of ShadowCompressor. */
-  public ShadowCompressor() {}
-
-  @Override
-  public int write(byte[] p) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public int read(byte[] p) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public int read(@NotNull CharBuffer cb) throws IOException {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void reset() {}
-
-  @Override
-  public int length() {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void fullErr() {}
-
-  @Override
-  public void close() throws IOException {}
-
-  @Override
-  public void flush() throws IOException {}
-}
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/ex/CompressorFullException.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/exception/CompressorFullException.java
similarity index 95%
rename from hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/ex/CompressorFullException.java
rename to hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/exception/CompressorFullException.java
index 5f321196..de0e7056 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/ex/CompressorFullException.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/compressor/exception/CompressorFullException.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package io.optimism.batcher.compressor.ex;
+package io.optimism.batcher.compressor.exception;
 
 /**
  * If the compressor is full and no more data should be written or the compressor is known to be
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/config/Config.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/config/Config.java
index 5a1ed812..79e16b99 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/config/Config.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/config/Config.java
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@
  * @param subSafetyMargin Sub-safety margin
  * @param pollInterval Milliseconds of poll interval
  * @param maxL1TxSize Max L1 Tx Size
+ * @param targetFrameSize Max L1 Tx Size
+ * @param targetNumFrames Max L1 Tx Size
+ * @param approxComprRatio Max L1 Tx Size
  * @author thinkAfCod
  * @since 0.1.1
  */
@@ -38,4 +41,7 @@ public record Config(
     String batchInboxAddress,
     Long subSafetyMargin,
     Long pollInterval,
-    Long maxL1TxSize) {}
+    Long maxL1TxSize,
+    Integer targetFrameSize,
+    Integer targetNumFrames,
+    String approxComprRatio) {}
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/ex/BatcherExecutionException.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/exception/BatcherExecutionException.java
similarity index 97%
rename from hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/ex/BatcherExecutionException.java
rename to hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/exception/BatcherExecutionException.java
index 7760adc2..778c1750 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/ex/BatcherExecutionException.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/exception/BatcherExecutionException.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package io.optimism.batcher.ex;
+package io.optimism.batcher.exception;
 
 /**
  * The execution exception of Bathcer.
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/exception/UnsupportedException.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/exception/UnsupportedException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cff4e874
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/exception/UnsupportedException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 q315xia@163.com
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
+ * either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package io.optimism.batcher.exception;
+
+/**
+ * UnsupportedException class. Throws This when field or operation not supported.
+ *
+ * @author thinkAfCod
+ * @since 0.1.1
+ */
+public class UnsupportedException extends RuntimeException {
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new UnsupportedException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   */
+  public UnsupportedException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new UnsupportedException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public UnsupportedException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new UnsupportedException.
+   *
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public UnsupportedException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/ex/Web3jCallException.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/exception/Web3jCallException.java
similarity index 53%
rename from hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/ex/Web3jCallException.java
rename to hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/exception/Web3jCallException.java
index 5531dcb8..a4f1bb27 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/ex/Web3jCallException.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/exception/Web3jCallException.java
@@ -1,4 +1,20 @@
-package io.optimism.batcher.ex;
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 q315xia@163.com
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
+ * either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package io.optimism.batcher.exception;
 
 /**
  * Web3jCallException class. Throws it when the call of web3j request task failed.
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/loader/BlockLoader.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/loader/BlockLoader.java
index c9d6c2bb..b4e967ac 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/loader/BlockLoader.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/loader/BlockLoader.java
@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@
 
 package io.optimism.batcher.loader;
 
-import io.optimism.batcher.ex.ReorgException;
-import io.optimism.batcher.ex.SyncStatusException;
-import io.optimism.batcher.ex.Web3jCallException;
+import io.optimism.batcher.channel.ReorgException;
+import io.optimism.batcher.exception.Web3jCallException;
 import io.optimism.type.BlockId;
 import io.optimism.type.Genesis;
 import io.optimism.type.L1BlockInfo;
@@ -121,7 +120,6 @@ private RollupConfigRes.RollupConfig loadRollConfig() {
       return future.resultNow();
     } catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
       Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
-      // todo add description
       throw new Web3jCallException("failed to get op-rollup config", e);
     }
   }
@@ -140,8 +138,7 @@ private void loadBlocksIntoState() {
       lastestBlock = block;
     }
     if (lastestBlock == null) {
-      // todo create BlockLoaderException
-      throw new RuntimeException("");
+      throw new BlockLoaderException("get latest block failed");
     }
     var ignore = l2BlockToBlockRef(lastestBlock, rollupConfig.genesis());
     // todo metrics.RecordL2BlocksLoaded l2Ref
@@ -169,8 +166,7 @@ private Tuple2<BlockId, BigInteger> calculateL2BlockRangeToStore() {
 
       if (syncStatus.safeL2().number().compareTo(syncStatus.unsafeL2().number()) >= 0
           || latestLoadedBlock.number().compareTo(syncStatus.unsafeL2().number()) >= 0) {
-        // todo create BlockLoaderException
-        throw new RuntimeException("L2 safe head ahead of L2 unsafe head");
+        throw new SyncStatusException("L2 safe head ahead of L2 unsafe head");
       }
       return new Tuple2<>(latestLoadedBlock, syncStatus.unsafeL2().number());
     } catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
@@ -184,8 +180,7 @@ private L2BlockRef l2BlockToBlockRef(final EthBlock.Block block, Genesis genesis
     BigInteger sequenceNumber = null;
     if (block.getNumber().compareTo(genesis.l2().number()) == 0) {
       if (!block.getHash().equals(genesis.l2().hash())) {
-        // todo replace to BlockLoaderException
-        throw new RuntimeException(
+        throw new BlockLoaderException(
             String.format(
                 "expected L2 genesis hash to match L2 block at genesis block number %d: %s <> %s",
                 genesis.l2().number(), block.getHash(), genesis.l2().hash()));
@@ -195,15 +190,13 @@ private L2BlockRef l2BlockToBlockRef(final EthBlock.Block block, Genesis genesis
     } else {
       var txs = block.getTransactions();
       if (txs == null || txs.size() == 0) {
-        // todo replace BlockLoaderException
-        throw new RuntimeException(
+        throw new BlockLoaderException(
             String.format(
                 "l2 block is missing L1 info deposit tx, block hash: %s", block.getHash()));
       }
       EthBlock.TransactionObject tx = (EthBlock.TransactionObject) txs.get(0).get();
       if (!DEPOSIT_TX_TYPE.equalsIgnoreCase(tx.getType())) {
-        // todo replace to BlockLoaderException
-        throw new RuntimeException(
+        throw new BlockLoaderException(
             String.format("first payload tx has unexpected tx type: %s", tx.getType()));
       }
       final byte[] input = Numeric.hexStringToByteArray(tx.getInput());
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/loader/BlockLoaderException.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/loader/BlockLoaderException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d9137c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/loader/BlockLoaderException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 q315xia@163.com
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
+ * either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package io.optimism.batcher.loader;
+
+/**
+ * BlockLoaderException class. Throws this when occurs error while executing BlockLoader.
+ *
+ * @author thinkAfCod
+ * @since 0.1.1
+ */
+public class BlockLoaderException extends RuntimeException {
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new BlockLoaderException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   */
+  public BlockLoaderException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new BlockLoaderException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public BlockLoaderException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new BlockLoaderException.
+   *
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public BlockLoaderException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/loader/ParseBlockException.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/loader/ParseBlockException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..05ab0af7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/loader/ParseBlockException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 q315xia@163.com
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
+ * either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package io.optimism.batcher.loader;
+
+/**
+ * ParseBlockException class.
+ *
+ * @author thinkAfCod
+ * @since 0.1.1
+ */
+public class ParseBlockException extends RuntimeException {
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new ParseBlockException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   */
+  public ParseBlockException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new ParseBlockException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public ParseBlockException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new ParseBlockException.
+   *
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public ParseBlockException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/ex/SyncStatusException.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/loader/SyncStatusException.java
similarity index 97%
rename from hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/ex/SyncStatusException.java
rename to hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/loader/SyncStatusException.java
index d842adb2..e719b71d 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/ex/SyncStatusException.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/loader/SyncStatusException.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package io.optimism.batcher.ex;
+package io.optimism.batcher.loader;
 
 /**
  * Sync status exception. Throws this when the call to the SyncStatus API fails.
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/publisher/ChannelDataPublisher.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/publisher/ChannelDataPublisher.java
index 8f57b926..2a464dd4 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/publisher/ChannelDataPublisher.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/publisher/ChannelDataPublisher.java
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 package io.optimism.batcher.publisher;
 
 import io.optimism.batcher.channel.Channel;
-import io.optimism.batcher.ex.Web3jCallException;
+import io.optimism.batcher.exception.Web3jCallException;
 import io.optimism.type.BlockId;
 import io.optimism.type.L1BlockRef;
 import io.optimism.type.TxCandidate;
@@ -109,8 +109,7 @@ private boolean publishTxToL1() {
     Channel.TxData txData = dataSupplier.apply(l1HeadBlockRef.toId());
     if (txData == null) {
       LOGGER.trace("no transaction data available");
-      // todo create PublishException
-      throw new RuntimeException("");
+      throw new NoDataPublishException("no transaction data available");
     }
     this.sendTx(txData);
     return true;
@@ -154,8 +153,7 @@ private L1BlockRef getL1HeadBlockRef() {
       scope.throwIfFailed();
       var block = headBlockFuture.get();
       if (block == null) {
-        // todo create PublishException
-        throw new RuntimeException("");
+        throw new Web3jCallException("get l1 latest block failed");
       }
       return L1BlockRef.from(block);
     } catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/publisher/NoDataPublishException.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/publisher/NoDataPublishException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ae477a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/publisher/NoDataPublishException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 q315xia@163.com
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
+ * either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package io.optimism.batcher.publisher;
+
+/**
+ * NoDataPublishException class. Throws this when no available data publish to L1.
+ *
+ * @author thinkAfCod
+ * @since 0.1.1
+ */
+public class NoDataPublishException extends RuntimeException {
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new NoDataPublishException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   */
+  public NoDataPublishException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new NoDataPublishException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public NoDataPublishException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new NoDataPublishException.
+   *
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public NoDataPublishException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/publisher/PublishException.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/publisher/PublishException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2781f129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/batcher/publisher/PublishException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 q315xia@163.com
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
+ * either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package io.optimism.batcher.publisher;
+
+/**
+ * PublishException class. Throws this when publish data to L1.
+ *
+ * @author thinkAfCod
+ * @since 0.1.1
+ */
+public class PublishException extends RuntimeException {
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new PublishException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   */
+  public PublishException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new PublishException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public PublishException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new PublishException.
+   *
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public PublishException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/type/L1BlockInfo.java b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/type/L1BlockInfo.java
index a13b4533..6ab01040 100644
--- a/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/type/L1BlockInfo.java
+++ b/hildr-batcher/src/main/java/io/optimism/type/L1BlockInfo.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package io.optimism.type;
 
+import io.optimism.batcher.loader.ParseBlockException;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -64,13 +65,11 @@ public record L1BlockInfo(
    */
   public static L1BlockInfo from(byte[] data) {
     if (data == null || data.length != L1_INFO_LENGTH) {
-      // todo create ParseBlockException
-      throw new RuntimeException(
+      throw new ParseBlockException(
           String.format("data is unexpected length: %d", data == null ? 0 : data.length));
     }
     if (!Objects.deepEquals(ArrayUtils.subarray(data, 0, 4), SIGNATURE_BYTES)) {
-      // todo create ParseBlockException
-      throw new RuntimeException("");
+      throw new ParseBlockException("");
     }
     BigInteger number = Numeric.toBigInt(data, 4, 32);
     BigInteger time = Numeric.toBigInt(data, 36, 32);
diff --git a/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/Attributes.java b/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/Attributes.java
index 64fc1b95..f9a7c120 100644
--- a/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/Attributes.java
+++ b/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/Attributes.java
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@
 import io.optimism.config.Config.SystemAccounts;
 import io.optimism.derive.PurgeableIterator;
 import io.optimism.derive.State;
-import io.optimism.derive.stages.Batches.Batch;
 import io.optimism.engine.ExecutionPayload.PayloadAttributes;
 import io.optimism.l1.L1Info;
+import io.optimism.utilities.derive.stages.Batch;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
diff --git a/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/BatcherTransactions.java b/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/BatcherTransactions.java
index 58b5e751..10c194d8 100644
--- a/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/BatcherTransactions.java
+++ b/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/BatcherTransactions.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package io.optimism.derive.stages;
 
 import io.optimism.derive.PurgeableIterator;
+import io.optimism.utilities.derive.stages.Frame;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.util.ArrayDeque;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -27,7 +28,6 @@
 import org.jctools.queues.MessagePassingQueue;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import org.web3j.utils.Numeric;
 
 /**
  * The type BatcherTransactions.
@@ -119,63 +119,4 @@ public static BatcherTransaction create(byte[] data, BigInteger l1Origin) {
    * @since 0.1.0
    */
   public record BatcherTransactionMessage(List<byte[]> txs, BigInteger l1Origin) {}
-
-  /**
-   * The type Frame.
-   *
-   * @param channelId the channel id
-   * @param frameNumber the frame number
-   * @param frameDataLen the frame data len
-   * @param frameData the frame data
-   * @param isLastFrame the is last frame
-   * @param l1InclusionBlock the L1 inclusion block
-   * @author grapebaba
-   * @since 0.1.0
-   */
-  public record Frame(
-      BigInteger channelId,
-      Integer frameNumber,
-      Integer frameDataLen,
-      byte[] frameData,
-      Boolean isLastFrame,
-      BigInteger l1InclusionBlock) {
-
-    /**
-     * From data immutable pair.
-     *
-     * @param data the data
-     * @param offset the offset
-     * @param l1InclusionBlock the L1 inclusion block
-     * @return the immutable pair
-     */
-    public static ImmutablePair<Frame, Integer> from(
-        byte[] data, int offset, BigInteger l1InclusionBlock) {
-      final byte[] frameDataMessage = ArrayUtils.subarray(data, offset, data.length);
-      if (frameDataMessage.length < 23) {
-        throw new InvalidFrameSizeException("invalid frame size");
-      }
-
-      final BigInteger channelId = Numeric.toBigInt(ArrayUtils.subarray(frameDataMessage, 0, 16));
-      final int frameNumber =
-          Numeric.toBigInt(ArrayUtils.subarray(frameDataMessage, 16, 18)).intValue();
-      final int frameDataLen =
-          Numeric.toBigInt(ArrayUtils.subarray(frameDataMessage, 18, 22)).intValue();
-      final int frameDataEnd = 22 + frameDataLen;
-
-      if (frameDataMessage.length < frameDataEnd) {
-        throw new InvalidFrameSizeException("invalid frame size");
-      }
-
-      final byte[] frameData = ArrayUtils.subarray(frameDataMessage, 22, frameDataEnd);
-      final boolean isLastFrame = frameDataMessage[frameDataEnd] != 0;
-      final Frame frame =
-          new Frame(channelId, frameNumber, frameDataLen, frameData, isLastFrame, l1InclusionBlock);
-      LOGGER.debug(
-          String.format(
-              "saw batcher tx: block=%d, number=%d, is_last=%b",
-              l1InclusionBlock, frameNumber, isLastFrame));
-
-      return new ImmutablePair<>(frame, offset + frameDataMessage.length);
-    }
-  }
 }
diff --git a/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/Batches.java b/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/Batches.java
index acec7298..b54bc168 100644
--- a/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/Batches.java
+++ b/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/Batches.java
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 import io.optimism.config.Config;
 import io.optimism.derive.PurgeableIterator;
 import io.optimism.derive.State;
-import io.optimism.derive.stages.Batches.Batch;
 import io.optimism.derive.stages.Channels.Channel;
+import io.optimism.utilities.derive.stages.Batch;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -33,14 +33,12 @@
 import java.util.zip.DataFormatException;
 import java.util.zip.Inflater;
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
-import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 import org.web3j.rlp.RlpDecoder;
 import org.web3j.rlp.RlpList;
 import org.web3j.rlp.RlpString;
 import org.web3j.rlp.RlpType;
-import org.web3j.utils.Numeric;
 
 /**
  * The type Batches.
@@ -308,60 +306,4 @@ public enum BatchStatus {
     /** Future batch status. */
     Future,
   }
-
-  /**
-   * The type Batch.
-   *
-   * @param parentHash the parent hash
-   * @param epochNum the epoch num
-   * @param epochHash the epoch hash
-   * @param timestamp the timestamp
-   * @param transactions the transactions
-   * @param l1InclusionBlock L1 inclusion block
-   * @author grapebaba
-   * @since 0.1.0
-   */
-  public record Batch(
-      String parentHash,
-      BigInteger epochNum,
-      String epochHash,
-      BigInteger timestamp,
-      List<String> transactions,
-      BigInteger l1InclusionBlock) {
-
-    /**
-     * Decode batch.
-     *
-     * @param rlp the rlp
-     * @param l1InclusionBlock L1 inclusion block
-     * @return the batch
-     */
-    public static Batch decode(RlpList rlp, BigInteger l1InclusionBlock) {
-      String parentHash = ((RlpString) rlp.getValues().get(0)).asString();
-      BigInteger epochNum = ((RlpString) rlp.getValues().get(1)).asPositiveBigInteger();
-      String epochHash = ((RlpString) rlp.getValues().get(2)).asString();
-      BigInteger timestamp = ((RlpString) rlp.getValues().get(3)).asPositiveBigInteger();
-      List<String> transactions =
-          ((RlpList) rlp.getValues().get(4))
-              .getValues().stream()
-                  .map(rlpString -> ((RlpString) rlpString).asString())
-                  .collect(Collectors.toList());
-      return new Batch(parentHash, epochNum, epochHash, timestamp, transactions, l1InclusionBlock);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Has invalid transactions boolean.
-     *
-     * @return the boolean
-     */
-    public boolean hasInvalidTransactions() {
-      return this.transactions.stream()
-          .anyMatch(
-              s ->
-                  StringUtils.isEmpty(s)
-                      || (Numeric.containsHexPrefix("0x")
-                          ? StringUtils.startsWithIgnoreCase(s, "0x7E")
-                          : StringUtils.startsWithIgnoreCase(s, "7E")));
-    }
-  }
 }
diff --git a/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/Channels.java b/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/Channels.java
index 86789156..95c8b646 100644
--- a/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/Channels.java
+++ b/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/Channels.java
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 import io.optimism.config.Config;
 import io.optimism.derive.PurgeableIterator;
 import io.optimism.derive.stages.BatcherTransactions.BatcherTransaction;
-import io.optimism.derive.stages.BatcherTransactions.Frame;
 import io.optimism.derive.stages.Channels.Channel;
+import io.optimism.utilities.derive.stages.Frame;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.List;
diff --git a/hildr-node/src/test/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/BatcherTransactionsTest.java b/hildr-node/src/test/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/BatcherTransactionsTest.java
index 3e1fa975..bacf211e 100644
--- a/hildr-node/src/test/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/BatcherTransactionsTest.java
+++ b/hildr-node/src/test/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/BatcherTransactionsTest.java
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import io.optimism.derive.stages.BatcherTransactions.BatcherTransaction;
-import io.optimism.derive.stages.BatcherTransactions.Frame;
+import io.optimism.utilities.derive.stages.Frame;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
diff --git a/hildr-node/src/test/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/BatchesTest.java b/hildr-node/src/test/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/BatchesTest.java
index 28288f81..8793841d 100644
--- a/hildr-node/src/test/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/BatchesTest.java
+++ b/hildr-node/src/test/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/BatchesTest.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 import io.optimism.derive.stages.Channels.Channel;
+import io.optimism.utilities.derive.stages.Batch;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.util.List;
 import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ void decodeBatches() {
             + "4c665ca197cebff1c90e5484cc8a6cb2c5b1badab35aefa35c1384f0bb64"
             + "59061ad574c2f37f8bbbd2e8dff5f27f020000ffff8db46838";
     Channel channel = new Channel(BigInteger.ONE, Hex.decode(data), BigInteger.ONE);
-    List<Batches.Batch> batches = Batches.decodeBatches(channel);
+    List<Batch> batches = Batches.decodeBatches(channel);
     System.out.println(batches);
 
     assertEquals(6, batches.size());
diff --git a/hildr-node/src/test/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/ChannelsTest.java b/hildr-node/src/test/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/ChannelsTest.java
index 63ed848a..46c7ca63 100644
--- a/hildr-node/src/test/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/ChannelsTest.java
+++ b/hildr-node/src/test/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/ChannelsTest.java
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 import io.optimism.config.Config;
 import io.optimism.config.Config.ChainConfig;
 import io.optimism.derive.stages.BatcherTransactions.BatcherTransactionMessage;
-import io.optimism.derive.stages.BatcherTransactions.Frame;
 import io.optimism.derive.stages.Channels.Channel;
+import io.optimism.utilities.derive.stages.Frame;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import org.jctools.queues.MessagePassingQueue;
diff --git a/hildr-utilities/build.gradle b/hildr-utilities/build.gradle
index 3aad0938..300eb388 100644
--- a/hildr-utilities/build.gradle
+++ b/hildr-utilities/build.gradle
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ repositories {
 dependencies {
     api 'com.google.guava:guava:31.1-jre'
     api 'com.github.rholder:guava-retrying:2.0.0'
+    api 'org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.12.0'
 
     api("com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:5.0.0-alpha.2")
     api("com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:5.0.0-alpha.2")
diff --git a/hildr-utilities/src/main/java/io/optimism/utilities/derive/stages/Batch.java b/hildr-utilities/src/main/java/io/optimism/utilities/derive/stages/Batch.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6706c931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hildr-utilities/src/main/java/io/optimism/utilities/derive/stages/Batch.java
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 q315xia@163.com
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
+ * either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package io.optimism.utilities.derive.stages;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.web3j.rlp.RlpEncoder;
+import org.web3j.rlp.RlpList;
+import org.web3j.rlp.RlpString;
+import org.web3j.rlp.RlpType;
+import org.web3j.utils.Numeric;
+
+/**
+ * The type Batch.
+ *
+ * @param parentHash the parent hash
+ * @param epochNum the epoch num
+ * @param epochHash the epoch hash
+ * @param timestamp the timestamp
+ * @param transactions the transactions
+ * @param l1InclusionBlock L1 inclusion block
+ * @author grapebaba
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ */
+public record Batch(
+    String parentHash,
+    BigInteger epochNum,
+    String epochHash,
+    BigInteger timestamp,
+    List<String> transactions,
+    BigInteger l1InclusionBlock) {
+
+  /**
+   * Encode batch.
+   *
+   * @return encoded bytes by the batch
+   */
+  public byte[] encode() {
+    List<RlpType> collect = transactions().stream()
+        .map(tx -> (RlpType) RlpString.create(tx))
+        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    return RlpEncoder.encode(new RlpList(
+        RlpString.create(parentHash()),
+        RlpString.create(epochNum()),
+        RlpString.create(epochHash()),
+        RlpString.create(timestamp()),
+        new RlpList(collect)));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decode batch.
+   *
+   * @param rlp the rlp
+   * @param l1InclusionBlock L1 inclusion block
+   * @return the batch
+   */
+  public static Batch decode(RlpList rlp, BigInteger l1InclusionBlock) {
+    String parentHash = ((RlpString) rlp.getValues().get(0)).asString();
+    BigInteger epochNum = ((RlpString) rlp.getValues().get(1)).asPositiveBigInteger();
+    String epochHash = ((RlpString) rlp.getValues().get(2)).asString();
+    BigInteger timestamp = ((RlpString) rlp.getValues().get(3)).asPositiveBigInteger();
+    List<String> transactions =
+        ((RlpList) rlp.getValues().get(4))
+            .getValues().stream()
+            .map(rlpString -> ((RlpString) rlpString).asString())
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    return new Batch(parentHash, epochNum, epochHash, timestamp, transactions, l1InclusionBlock);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Has invalid transactions boolean.
+   *
+   * @return the boolean
+   */
+  public boolean hasInvalidTransactions() {
+    return this.transactions.stream()
+        .anyMatch(
+            s ->
+                StringUtils.isEmpty(s)
+                    || (Numeric.containsHexPrefix("0x")
+                    ? StringUtils.startsWithIgnoreCase(s, "0x7E")
+                    : StringUtils.startsWithIgnoreCase(s, "7E")));
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/hildr-utilities/src/main/java/io/optimism/utilities/derive/stages/Frame.java b/hildr-utilities/src/main/java/io/optimism/utilities/derive/stages/Frame.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..80fd59bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hildr-utilities/src/main/java/io/optimism/utilities/derive/stages/Frame.java
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 q315xia@163.com
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
+ * either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package io.optimism.utilities.derive.stages;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Objects;
+import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
+import com.google.common.primitives.Shorts;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.ImmutablePair;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.web3j.utils.Numeric;
+
+/**
+ * The type Frame.
+ *
+ * @param channelId the channel id
+ * @param frameNumber the frame number
+ * @param frameDataLen the frame data len
+ * @param frameData the frame data
+ * @param isLastFrame the is last frame
+ * @param l1InclusionBlock the L1 inclusion block
+ * @author grapebaba
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ */
+public record Frame(
+    BigInteger channelId,
+    Integer frameNumber,
+    Integer frameDataLen,
+    byte[] frameData,
+    Boolean isLastFrame,
+    BigInteger l1InclusionBlock) {
+
+  private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Frame.class);
+
+  /** Derivation version. */
+  public static final byte DERIVATION_VERSION_0 = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * Frame over head size.
+   */
+  public static final int FRAME_V0_OVER_HEAD_SIZE = 23;
+
+  /**
+   * Get tx bytes.
+   *
+   * @return tx bytes
+   */
+  public byte[] txBytes() {
+    return ArrayUtils.addAll(new byte[] {DERIVATION_VERSION_0}, frameData());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get Tx data unique code.
+   *
+   * @return unique code.
+   */
+  public String code() {
+    return String.valueOf(Objects.hashCode(channelId, frameNumber));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Encode this Frame to bytes.
+   *
+   * @return encoded bytes from frame
+   */
+  public byte[] encode() {
+    var bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    bos.writeBytes(Numeric.toBytesPadded(channelId, 16));
+    bos.writeBytes(Shorts.toByteArray((short) frameNumber().intValue()));
+    bos.writeBytes(Ints.toByteArray(frameData().length));
+    bos.writeBytes(frameData());
+    bos.write(isLastFrame() ? 1 : 0);
+    return bos.toByteArray();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * From data immutable pair.
+   *
+   * @param data the data
+   * @param offset the offset
+   * @param l1InclusionBlock the L1 inclusion block
+   * @return the immutable pair
+   */
+  public static ImmutablePair<Frame, Integer> from(
+      byte[] data, int offset, BigInteger l1InclusionBlock) {
+    final byte[] frameDataMessage = ArrayUtils.subarray(data, offset, data.length);
+    if (frameDataMessage.length < 23) {
+      throw new InvalidFrameSizeException("invalid frame size");
+    }
+
+    final BigInteger channelId = Numeric.toBigInt(ArrayUtils.subarray(frameDataMessage, 0, 16));
+    final int frameNumber =
+        Numeric.toBigInt(ArrayUtils.subarray(frameDataMessage, 16, 18)).intValue();
+    final int frameDataLen =
+        Numeric.toBigInt(ArrayUtils.subarray(frameDataMessage, 18, 22)).intValue();
+    final int frameDataEnd = 22 + frameDataLen;
+
+    if (frameDataMessage.length < frameDataEnd) {
+      throw new InvalidFrameSizeException("invalid frame size");
+    }
+
+    final byte[] frameData = ArrayUtils.subarray(frameDataMessage, 22, frameDataEnd);
+    final boolean isLastFrame = frameDataMessage[frameDataEnd] != 0;
+    final Frame frame =
+        new Frame(channelId, frameNumber, frameDataLen, frameData, isLastFrame, l1InclusionBlock);
+    LOGGER.debug(
+        String.format(
+            "saw batcher tx: block=%d, number=%d, is_last=%b",
+            l1InclusionBlock, frameNumber, isLastFrame));
+
+    return new ImmutablePair<>(frame, offset + frameDataMessage.length);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/InvalidFrameSizeException.java b/hildr-utilities/src/main/java/io/optimism/utilities/derive/stages/InvalidFrameSizeException.java
similarity index 95%
rename from hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/InvalidFrameSizeException.java
rename to hildr-utilities/src/main/java/io/optimism/utilities/derive/stages/InvalidFrameSizeException.java
index b6bb3eb8..3eb8f609 100644
--- a/hildr-node/src/main/java/io/optimism/derive/stages/InvalidFrameSizeException.java
+++ b/hildr-utilities/src/main/java/io/optimism/utilities/derive/stages/InvalidFrameSizeException.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package io.optimism.derive.stages;
+package io.optimism.utilities.derive.stages;
 
 /**
  * The type InvalidFrameSizeException.
diff --git a/hildr-utilities/src/main/java/io/optimism/utilities/exception/GasOverflowException.java b/hildr-utilities/src/main/java/io/optimism/utilities/exception/GasOverflowException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6597dc8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hildr-utilities/src/main/java/io/optimism/utilities/exception/GasOverflowException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 q315xia@163.com
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
+ * either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package io.optimism.utilities.exception;
+
+/**
+ * GasOverflowException class.
+ *
+ * @author thinkAfCod
+ * @since 0.1.1
+ */
+public class GasOverflowException extends RuntimeException {
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new GasOverflowException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   */
+  public GasOverflowException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new GasOverflowException.
+   *
+   * @param message the message
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public GasOverflowException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiates a new GasOverflowException.
+   *
+   * @param cause the cause
+   */
+  public GasOverflowException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+}