diff --git a/pandas/core/arrays/categorical.py b/pandas/core/arrays/categorical.py
index 2675d198f64355..3c16999f37c552 100644
--- a/pandas/core/arrays/categorical.py
+++ b/pandas/core/arrays/categorical.py
@@ -1601,6 +1601,9 @@ def sort_values(self, inplace=False, ascending=True, na_position="last", key=Non
         na_position : {'first', 'last'} (optional, default='last')
             'first' puts NaNs at the beginning
             'last' puts NaNs at the end
+        key : Callable, default None
+            If not None, apply the key function to every value before
+            sorting. Identical to key argument in built-in sorted function.
 
         Returns
         -------
diff --git a/pandas/core/frame.py b/pandas/core/frame.py
index 9eb8d29b2924ed..05d803cdd696b5 100644
--- a/pandas/core/frame.py
+++ b/pandas/core/frame.py
@@ -4705,10 +4705,9 @@ def f(vals):
 
     # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Sorting
-
     @Substitution(**_shared_doc_kwargs)
     @Appender(NDFrame.sort_values.__doc__)
-    def sort_values(  # type: ignore
+    def sort_values(
         self,
         by,
         axis=0,
@@ -4716,7 +4715,7 @@ def sort_values(  # type: ignore
         inplace=False,
         kind="quicksort",
         na_position="last",
-        key: Optional[Callable] = None,
+        key=None,
     ):
         inplace = validate_bool_kwarg(inplace, "inplace")
         axis = self._get_axis_number(axis)
@@ -4759,7 +4758,7 @@ def sort_values(  # type: ignore
 
     @Substitution(**_shared_doc_kwargs)
     @Appender(NDFrame.sort_index.__doc__)
-    def sort_index(  # type: ignore
+    def sort_index(
         self,
         axis=0,
         level=None,
diff --git a/pandas/core/indexes/datetimelike.py b/pandas/core/indexes/datetimelike.py
index 3c6673ee115e94..301d572131e0d4 100644
--- a/pandas/core/indexes/datetimelike.py
+++ b/pandas/core/indexes/datetimelike.py
@@ -279,6 +279,9 @@ def sort_values(
         """
         Return sorted copy of Index.
         """
+        if not isinstance(self, Index):
+            raise TypeError("sort_values must be called on an Index object")
+
         if key:
             idx = self.map(key, na_action="ignore")
         else:
@@ -308,7 +311,7 @@ def sort_values(
             if not ascending:
                 sorted_values = sorted_values[::-1]
 
-            return self._simple_new(sorted_values, **attribs)  # type: ignore
+            return self._simple_new(sorted_values, **attribs)
 
     @Appender(_index_shared_docs["take"] % _index_doc_kwargs)
     def take(self, indices, axis=0, allow_fill=True, fill_value=None, **kwargs):
diff --git a/pandas/core/series.py b/pandas/core/series.py
index fad3ed654da128..b7c35efdd8e0e6 100644
--- a/pandas/core/series.py
+++ b/pandas/core/series.py
@@ -2828,14 +2828,14 @@ def update(self, other):
     # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Reindexing, sorting
 
-    def sort_values(  # type: ignore
+    def sort_values(
         self,
         axis=0,
         ascending=True,
         inplace=False,
         kind="quicksort",
         na_position="last",
-        key: Optional[Callable] = None,
+        key=None,
     ):
         """
         Sort by the values.
@@ -3026,7 +3026,7 @@ def _try_kind_sort(arr):
         else:
             return result.__finalize__(self)
 
-    def sort_index(  # type: ignore
+    def sort_index(
         self,
         axis=0,
         level=None,