We should partition (but likely not batch) check inputs

[thejcannon]

Describe the bug
fmt lint fix and test (soon) are all partitioning their inputs on plugin-provided criteria.

mypy is a great example of this, and I think it helps the code to have the split be built-in to the core rule.

[sureshjoshi]

cough... pyright... cough cough...

[stuhood]

Agreed. #17315 also suggests that we should be partitioning in check rather than in implementations.

[stuhood]

I'm not sure that the "bug" label is accurate though, as all implementations which need partitioning are already doing it internally.

[thejcannon]

Oh feel free to change the label 😛

[chrisjrn]

Per #17315, whatever partitioning mechanism exists should be able to partition based on environment field, and there should be a facility to ask for this at the @goal_rule level.

[thejcannon]

What makes check different from fmt/fix/lint in this regard?