diff --git a/node/core/provisioner/src/error.rs b/node/core/provisioner/src/error.rs
index 7f5807c7c7a3..4589ab02cf31 100644
--- a/node/core/provisioner/src/error.rs
+++ b/node/core/provisioner/src/error.rs
@@ -15,16 +15,18 @@
 // along with Polkadot.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 ///! Error types for provisioner module
-use fatality;
+use fatality::Nested;
 use futures::channel::{mpsc, oneshot};
-use polkadot_node_subsystem::errors::{ChainApiError, RuntimeApiError};
+use polkadot_node_subsystem::errors::{ChainApiError, RuntimeApiError, SubsystemError};
 use polkadot_node_subsystem_util as util;
 use polkadot_primitives::v2::Hash;
-use thiserror::Error;
+
+pub type FatalResult<T> = std::result::Result<T, FatalError>;
+pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
 
 /// Errors in the provisioner.
-#[derive(Debug, Error)]
 #[allow(missing_docs)]
+#[fatality::fatality(splitable)]
 pub enum Error {
 	#[error(transparent)]
 	Util(#[from] util::Error),
@@ -63,6 +65,13 @@ pub enum Error {
 		"backed candidate does not correspond to selected candidate; check logic in provisioner"
 	)]
 	BackedCandidateOrderingProblem,
+
+	#[fatal]
+	#[error("Failed to spawn background task")]
+	FailedToSpawnBackgroundTask,
+
+	#[error(transparent)]
+	SubsystemError(#[from] SubsystemError),
 }
 
 /// Used by `get_onchain_disputes` to represent errors related to fetching on-chain disputes from the Runtime
@@ -81,3 +90,20 @@ pub enum GetOnchainDisputesError {
 	)]
 	NotSupported(#[source] RuntimeApiError, Hash),
 }
+
+pub fn log_error(result: Result<()>) -> std::result::Result<(), FatalError> {
+	match result.into_nested()? {
+		Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+		Err(jfyi) => {
+			jfyi.log();
+			Ok(())
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+impl JfyiError {
+	/// Log a `JfyiError`.
+	pub fn log(self) {
+		gum::debug!(target: super::LOG_TARGET, error = ?self);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/node/core/provisioner/src/lib.rs b/node/core/provisioner/src/lib.rs
index bef9c6423524..4c41eb8256a7 100644
--- a/node/core/provisioner/src/lib.rs
+++ b/node/core/provisioner/src/lib.rs
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@
 
 use bitvec::vec::BitVec;
 use futures::{
-	channel::{mpsc, oneshot},
-	prelude::*,
+	channel::oneshot, future::BoxFuture, prelude::*, stream::FuturesUnordered, FutureExt,
 };
 use futures_timer::Delay;
+
 use polkadot_node_primitives::CandidateVotes;
 use polkadot_node_subsystem::{
 	jaeger,
@@ -32,28 +32,23 @@ use polkadot_node_subsystem::{
 		CandidateBackingMessage, ChainApiMessage, DisputeCoordinatorMessage, ProvisionableData,
 		ProvisionerInherentData, ProvisionerMessage,
 	},
-	overseer, ActivatedLeaf, LeafStatus, PerLeafSpan,
-};
-use polkadot_node_subsystem_util::{
-	request_availability_cores, request_persisted_validation_data, JobSender, JobSubsystem,
-	JobTrait,
+	overseer, ActivatedLeaf, ActiveLeavesUpdate, FromOrchestra, LeafStatus, OverseerSignal,
+	PerLeafSpan, SpawnedSubsystem, SubsystemError,
 };
+use polkadot_node_subsystem_util::{request_availability_cores, request_persisted_validation_data};
 use polkadot_primitives::v2::{
 	BackedCandidate, BlockNumber, CandidateHash, CandidateReceipt, CoreState, DisputeState,
 	DisputeStatement, DisputeStatementSet, Hash, MultiDisputeStatementSet, OccupiedCoreAssumption,
 	SessionIndex, SignedAvailabilityBitfield, ValidatorIndex,
 };
-use std::{
-	collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet},
-	pin::Pin,
-};
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet};
 
 mod error;
 mod metrics;
 mod onchain_disputes;
 
 pub use self::metrics::*;
-use error::Error;
+use error::{Error, FatalResult};
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
@@ -63,198 +58,230 @@ const PRE_PROPOSE_TIMEOUT: std::time::Duration = core::time::Duration::from_mill
 
 const LOG_TARGET: &str = "parachain::provisioner";
 
-enum InherentAfter {
-	Ready,
-	Wait(Delay),
+/// The provisioner subsystem.
+pub struct ProvisionerSubsystem {
+	metrics: Metrics,
 }
 
-impl InherentAfter {
-	fn new_from_now() -> Self {
-		InherentAfter::Wait(Delay::new(PRE_PROPOSE_TIMEOUT))
-	}
-
-	fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
-		match *self {
-			InherentAfter::Ready => true,
-			InherentAfter::Wait(_) => false,
-		}
-	}
-
-	async fn ready(&mut self) {
-		match *self {
-			InherentAfter::Ready => {
-				// Make sure we never end the returned future.
-				// This is required because the `select!` that calls this future will end in a busy loop.
-				futures::pending!()
-			},
-			InherentAfter::Wait(ref mut d) => {
-				d.await;
-				*self = InherentAfter::Ready;
-			},
-		}
+impl ProvisionerSubsystem {
+	/// Create a new instance of the `ProvisionerSubsystem`.
+	pub fn new(metrics: Metrics) -> Self {
+		Self { metrics }
 	}
 }
 
-/// Provisioner run arguments.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct ProvisionerConfig;
-
-/// A per-relay-parent job for the provisioning subsystem.
-pub struct ProvisionerJob<Sender> {
+/// A per-relay-parent state for the provisioning subsystem.
+pub struct PerRelayParent {
 	leaf: ActivatedLeaf,
-	receiver: mpsc::Receiver<ProvisionerMessage>,
 	backed_candidates: Vec<CandidateReceipt>,
 	signed_bitfields: Vec<SignedAvailabilityBitfield>,
-	metrics: Metrics,
-	inherent_after: InherentAfter,
+	is_inherent_ready: bool,
 	awaiting_inherent: Vec<oneshot::Sender<ProvisionerInherentData>>,
-	_phantom: std::marker::PhantomData<Sender>,
+	span: PerLeafSpan,
 }
 
-impl<Sender> JobTrait for ProvisionerJob<Sender>
-where
-	Sender: overseer::ProvisionerSenderTrait + std::marker::Unpin,
-{
-	type ToJob = ProvisionerMessage;
-	type OutgoingMessages = overseer::ProvisionerOutgoingMessages;
-	type Sender = Sender;
-	type Error = Error;
-	type RunArgs = ProvisionerConfig;
-	type Metrics = Metrics;
+impl PerRelayParent {
+	fn new(leaf: ActivatedLeaf) -> Self {
+		let span = PerLeafSpan::new(leaf.span.clone(), "provisioner");
+
+		Self {
+			leaf,
+			backed_candidates: Vec::new(),
+			signed_bitfields: Vec::new(),
+			is_inherent_ready: false,
+			awaiting_inherent: Vec::new(),
+			span,
+		}
+	}
+}
 
-	const NAME: &'static str = "provisioner-job";
+type InherentDelays = FuturesUnordered<BoxFuture<'static, Hash>>;
 
-	/// Run a job for the parent block indicated
-	//
-	// this function is in charge of creating and executing the job's main loop
-	fn run(
-		leaf: ActivatedLeaf,
-		_: Self::RunArgs,
-		metrics: Self::Metrics,
-		receiver: mpsc::Receiver<ProvisionerMessage>,
-		mut sender: JobSender<Sender>,
-	) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<(), Self::Error>> + Send>> {
-		let span = leaf.span.clone();
-		async move {
-			let job = ProvisionerJob::new(leaf, metrics, receiver);
-
-			job.run_loop(sender.subsystem_sender(), PerLeafSpan::new(span, "provisioner"))
+#[overseer::subsystem(Provisioner, error=SubsystemError, prefix=self::overseer)]
+impl<Context> ProvisionerSubsystem {
+	fn start(self, ctx: Context) -> SpawnedSubsystem {
+		let future = async move {
+			run(ctx, self.metrics)
 				.await
+				.map_err(|e| SubsystemError::with_origin("provisioner", e))
 		}
-		.boxed()
+		.boxed();
+
+		SpawnedSubsystem { name: "provisioner-subsystem", future }
 	}
 }
 
-impl<Sender> ProvisionerJob<Sender>
-where
-	Sender: overseer::ProvisionerSenderTrait,
-{
-	fn new(
-		leaf: ActivatedLeaf,
-		metrics: Metrics,
-		receiver: mpsc::Receiver<ProvisionerMessage>,
-	) -> Self {
-		Self {
-			leaf,
-			receiver,
-			backed_candidates: Vec::new(),
-			signed_bitfields: Vec::new(),
-			metrics,
-			inherent_after: InherentAfter::new_from_now(),
-			awaiting_inherent: Vec::new(),
-			_phantom: std::marker::PhantomData::<Sender>::default(),
+#[overseer::contextbounds(Provisioner, prefix = self::overseer)]
+async fn run<Context>(mut ctx: Context, metrics: Metrics) -> FatalResult<()> {
+	let mut inherent_delays = InherentDelays::new();
+	let mut per_relay_parent = HashMap::new();
+
+	loop {
+		let result =
+			run_iteration(&mut ctx, &mut per_relay_parent, &mut inherent_delays, &metrics).await;
+
+		match result {
+			Ok(()) => break,
+			err => crate::error::log_error(err)?,
 		}
 	}
 
-	async fn run_loop(mut self, sender: &mut Sender, span: PerLeafSpan) -> Result<(), Error> {
-		loop {
-			futures::select! {
-				msg = self.receiver.next() => match msg {
-					Some(ProvisionerMessage::RequestInherentData(_, return_sender)) => {
-						let _span = span.child("req-inherent-data");
-						let _timer = self.metrics.time_request_inherent_data();
-
-						if self.inherent_after.is_ready() {
-							self.send_inherent_data(sender, vec![return_sender]).await;
-						} else {
-							self.awaiting_inherent.push(return_sender);
-						}
-					}
-					Some(ProvisionerMessage::ProvisionableData(_, data)) => {
-						let span = span.child("provisionable-data");
-						let _timer = self.metrics.time_provisionable_data();
+	Ok(())
+}
 
-						self.note_provisionable_data(&span, data);
-					}
-					None => break,
-				},
-				_ = self.inherent_after.ready().fuse() => {
-					let _span = span.child("send-inherent-data");
-					let return_senders = std::mem::take(&mut self.awaiting_inherent);
+#[overseer::contextbounds(Provisioner, prefix = self::overseer)]
+async fn run_iteration<Context>(
+	ctx: &mut Context,
+	per_relay_parent: &mut HashMap<Hash, PerRelayParent>,
+	inherent_delays: &mut InherentDelays,
+	metrics: &Metrics,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	loop {
+		futures::select! {
+			from_overseer = ctx.recv().fuse() => {
+				match from_overseer? {
+					FromOrchestra::Signal(OverseerSignal::ActiveLeaves(update)) =>
+						handle_active_leaves_update(update, per_relay_parent, inherent_delays),
+					FromOrchestra::Signal(OverseerSignal::BlockFinalized(..)) => {},
+					FromOrchestra::Signal(OverseerSignal::Conclude) => return Ok(()),
+					FromOrchestra::Communication { msg } => {
+						handle_communication(ctx, per_relay_parent, msg, metrics).await?;
+					},
+				}
+			},
+			hash = inherent_delays.select_next_some() => {
+				if let Some(state) = per_relay_parent.get_mut(&hash) {
+					state.is_inherent_ready = true;
+
+					let return_senders = std::mem::take(&mut state.awaiting_inherent);
 					if !return_senders.is_empty() {
-						self.send_inherent_data(sender, return_senders).await;
+						send_inherent_data_bg(ctx, &state, return_senders, metrics.clone()).await?;
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
+	}
+}
 
-		Ok(())
+fn handle_active_leaves_update(
+	update: ActiveLeavesUpdate,
+	per_relay_parent: &mut HashMap<Hash, PerRelayParent>,
+	inherent_delays: &mut InherentDelays,
+) {
+	for deactivated in &update.deactivated {
+		per_relay_parent.remove(deactivated);
+	}
+
+	for leaf in update.activated {
+		let delay_fut = Delay::new(PRE_PROPOSE_TIMEOUT).map(move |_| leaf.hash).boxed();
+		per_relay_parent.insert(leaf.hash, PerRelayParent::new(leaf));
+		inherent_delays.push(delay_fut);
+	}
+}
+
+#[overseer::contextbounds(Provisioner, prefix = self::overseer)]
+async fn handle_communication<Context>(
+	ctx: &mut Context,
+	per_relay_parent: &mut HashMap<Hash, PerRelayParent>,
+	message: ProvisionerMessage,
+	metrics: &Metrics,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	match message {
+		ProvisionerMessage::RequestInherentData(relay_parent, return_sender) => {
+			if let Some(state) = per_relay_parent.get_mut(&relay_parent) {
+				if state.is_inherent_ready {
+					send_inherent_data_bg(ctx, &state, vec![return_sender], metrics.clone())
+						.await?;
+				} else {
+					state.awaiting_inherent.push(return_sender);
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		ProvisionerMessage::ProvisionableData(relay_parent, data) => {
+			if let Some(state) = per_relay_parent.get_mut(&relay_parent) {
+				let span = state.span.child("provisionable-data");
+				let _timer = metrics.time_provisionable_data();
+
+				note_provisionable_data(state, &span, data);
+			}
+		},
 	}
 
-	async fn send_inherent_data(
-		&mut self,
-		sender: &mut Sender,
-		return_senders: Vec<oneshot::Sender<ProvisionerInherentData>>,
-	) {
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+#[overseer::contextbounds(Provisioner, prefix = self::overseer)]
+async fn send_inherent_data_bg<Context>(
+	ctx: &mut Context,
+	per_relay_parent: &PerRelayParent,
+	return_senders: Vec<oneshot::Sender<ProvisionerInherentData>>,
+	metrics: Metrics,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	let leaf = per_relay_parent.leaf.clone();
+	let signed_bitfields = per_relay_parent.signed_bitfields.clone();
+	let backed_candidates = per_relay_parent.backed_candidates.clone();
+	let span = per_relay_parent.span.child("req-inherent-data");
+
+	let mut sender = ctx.sender().clone();
+
+	let bg = async move {
+		let _span = span;
+		let _timer = metrics.time_request_inherent_data();
+
 		if let Err(err) = send_inherent_data(
-			&self.leaf,
-			&self.signed_bitfields,
-			&self.backed_candidates,
+			&leaf,
+			&signed_bitfields,
+			&backed_candidates,
 			return_senders,
-			sender,
-			&self.metrics,
+			&mut sender,
+			&metrics,
 		)
 		.await
 		{
 			gum::warn!(target: LOG_TARGET, err = ?err, "failed to assemble or send inherent data");
-			self.metrics.on_inherent_data_request(Err(()));
+			metrics.on_inherent_data_request(Err(()));
 		} else {
-			self.metrics.on_inherent_data_request(Ok(()));
+			metrics.on_inherent_data_request(Ok(()));
 			gum::debug!(
 				target: LOG_TARGET,
-				signed_bitfield_count = self.signed_bitfields.len(),
-				backed_candidates_count = self.backed_candidates.len(),
-				leaf_hash = ?self.leaf.hash,
+				signed_bitfield_count = signed_bitfields.len(),
+				backed_candidates_count = backed_candidates.len(),
+				leaf_hash = ?leaf.hash,
 				"inherent data sent successfully"
 			);
-			self.metrics.observe_inherent_data_bitfields_count(self.signed_bitfields.len());
+			metrics.observe_inherent_data_bitfields_count(signed_bitfields.len());
 		}
-	}
+	};
 
-	fn note_provisionable_data(
-		&mut self,
-		span: &jaeger::Span,
-		provisionable_data: ProvisionableData,
-	) {
-		match provisionable_data {
-			ProvisionableData::Bitfield(_, signed_bitfield) =>
-				self.signed_bitfields.push(signed_bitfield),
-			ProvisionableData::BackedCandidate(backed_candidate) => {
-				let candidate_hash = backed_candidate.hash();
-				gum::trace!(
-					target: LOG_TARGET,
-					?candidate_hash,
-					para = ?backed_candidate.descriptor().para_id,
-					"noted backed candidate",
-				);
-				let _span = span
-					.child("provisionable-backed")
-					.with_candidate(candidate_hash)
-					.with_para_id(backed_candidate.descriptor().para_id);
-				self.backed_candidates.push(backed_candidate)
-			},
-			_ => {},
-		}
+	ctx.spawn("send-inherent-data", bg.boxed())
+		.map_err(|_| Error::FailedToSpawnBackgroundTask)?;
+
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+fn note_provisionable_data(
+	per_relay_parent: &mut PerRelayParent,
+	span: &jaeger::Span,
+	provisionable_data: ProvisionableData,
+) {
+	match provisionable_data {
+		ProvisionableData::Bitfield(_, signed_bitfield) =>
+			per_relay_parent.signed_bitfields.push(signed_bitfield),
+		ProvisionableData::BackedCandidate(backed_candidate) => {
+			let candidate_hash = backed_candidate.hash();
+			gum::trace!(
+				target: LOG_TARGET,
+				?candidate_hash,
+				para = ?backed_candidate.descriptor().para_id,
+				"noted backed candidate",
+			);
+			let _span = span
+				.child("provisionable-backed")
+				.with_candidate(candidate_hash)
+				.with_para_id(backed_candidate.descriptor().para_id);
+			per_relay_parent.backed_candidates.push(backed_candidate)
+		},
+		_ => {},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -807,6 +834,3 @@ async fn select_disputes(
 		})
 		.collect())
 }
-
-/// The provisioner subsystem.
-pub type ProvisionerSubsystem<Spawner, Sender> = JobSubsystem<ProvisionerJob<Sender>, Spawner>;
diff --git a/node/core/provisioner/src/tests.rs b/node/core/provisioner/src/tests.rs
index f87fbb8ce16a..a58e22d7efc2 100644
--- a/node/core/provisioner/src/tests.rs
+++ b/node/core/provisioner/src/tests.rs
@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@ mod select_availability_bitfields {
 
 mod common {
 	use super::super::*;
+	use futures::channel::mpsc;
 	use polkadot_node_subsystem::messages::AllMessages;
 	use polkadot_node_subsystem_test_helpers::TestSubsystemSender;
 
@@ -225,6 +226,7 @@ mod select_candidates {
 		scheduled_core,
 	};
 	use ::test_helpers::{dummy_candidate_descriptor, dummy_hash};
+	use futures::channel::mpsc;
 	use polkadot_node_subsystem::messages::{
 		AllMessages, RuntimeApiMessage,
 		RuntimeApiRequest::{
@@ -497,8 +499,8 @@ mod select_candidates {
 }
 
 mod select_disputes {
-
 	use super::{super::*, common::test_harness};
+	use futures::channel::mpsc;
 	use polkadot_node_subsystem::{
 		messages::{AllMessages, DisputeCoordinatorMessage, RuntimeApiMessage, RuntimeApiRequest},
 		RuntimeApiError,
diff --git a/node/service/src/overseer.rs b/node/service/src/overseer.rs
index 06d47d7de0c5..c1f2352dd622 100644
--- a/node/service/src/overseer.rs
+++ b/node/service/src/overseer.rs
@@ -24,18 +24,15 @@ use polkadot_node_core_av_store::Config as AvailabilityConfig;
 use polkadot_node_core_candidate_validation::Config as CandidateValidationConfig;
 use polkadot_node_core_chain_selection::Config as ChainSelectionConfig;
 use polkadot_node_core_dispute_coordinator::Config as DisputeCoordinatorConfig;
-use polkadot_node_core_provisioner::ProvisionerConfig;
 use polkadot_node_network_protocol::request_response::{v1 as request_v1, IncomingRequestReceiver};
-use polkadot_node_subsystem_types::messages::ProvisionerMessage;
 #[cfg(any(feature = "malus", test))]
 pub use polkadot_overseer::{
 	dummy::{dummy_overseer_builder, DummySubsystem},
 	HeadSupportsParachains,
 };
 use polkadot_overseer::{
-	gen::SubsystemContext, metrics::Metrics as OverseerMetrics, BlockInfo,
-	InitializedOverseerBuilder, MetricsTrait, Overseer, OverseerConnector, OverseerHandle,
-	OverseerSubsystemContext, SpawnGlue,
+	metrics::Metrics as OverseerMetrics, BlockInfo, InitializedOverseerBuilder, MetricsTrait,
+	Overseer, OverseerConnector, OverseerHandle, SpawnGlue,
 };
 
 use polkadot_primitives::runtime_api::ParachainHost;
@@ -158,10 +155,7 @@ pub fn prepared_overseer_builder<'a, Spawner, RuntimeClient>(
 		AvailabilityRecoverySubsystem,
 		BitfieldSigningSubsystem,
 		BitfieldDistributionSubsystem,
-		ProvisionerSubsystem<
-			SpawnGlue<Spawner>,
-			<OverseerSubsystemContext<ProvisionerMessage> as SubsystemContext>::Sender,
-		>,
+		ProvisionerSubsystem,
 		RuntimeApiSubsystem<RuntimeClient>,
 		AvailabilityStoreSubsystem,
 		NetworkBridgeSubsystem<
@@ -249,11 +243,7 @@ where
 			Box::new(network_service.clone()),
 			Metrics::register(registry)?,
 		))
-		.provisioner(ProvisionerSubsystem::new(
-			spawner.clone(),
-			ProvisionerConfig,
-			Metrics::register(registry)?,
-		))
+		.provisioner(ProvisionerSubsystem::new(Metrics::register(registry)?))
 		.runtime_api(RuntimeApiSubsystem::new(
 			runtime_client.clone(),
 			Metrics::register(registry)?,