forked from adambard/learnxinyminutes-docs
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
haml.html.markdown
222 lines (157 loc) · 5.59 KB
/
haml.html.markdown
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
---
language: haml
filename: learnhaml.haml
contributors:
- ["Simon Neveu", "https://github.com/sneveu"]
- ["Vasiliy Petrov", "https://github.com/Saugardas"]
---
Haml is a markup language predominantly used with Ruby that cleanly and simply describes the HTML of any web document without the use of inline code. It is a popular alternative to using Rails templating language (.erb) and allows you to embed Ruby code into your markup.
It aims to reduce repetition in your markup by closing tags for you based on the structure of the indents in your code. The result is markup that is well-structured, DRY, logical, and easier to read.
You can also use Haml on a project independent of Ruby, by installing the Haml gem on your machine and using the command line to convert it to html.
```shell
$ haml input_file.haml output_file.html
```
```haml
/ -------------------------------------------
/ Indenting
/ -------------------------------------------
/
Because of the importance indentation has on how your code is rendered, the
indents should be consistent throughout the document. Any differences in
indentation will throw an error. It's common-practice to use two spaces,
but it's really up to you, as long as they're constant.
/ -------------------------------------------
/ Comments
/ -------------------------------------------
/ This is what a comment looks like in Haml.
/
To write a multi line comment, indent your commented code to be
wrapped by the forward slash
-# This is a silent comment, which means it won't be rendered into the doc at all
/ -------------------------------------------
/ Html elements
/ -------------------------------------------
/ To write your tags, use the percent sign followed by the name of the tag
%body
%header
%nav
/ Notice no closing tags. The above code would output
<body>
<header>
<nav></nav>
</header>
</body>
/
The div tag is the default element, so it can be omitted.
You can define only class/id using . or #
For example
%div.my_class
%div#my_id
/ Can be written
.my_class
#my_id
/ To add content to a tag, add the text directly after the declaration
%h1 Headline copy
/ To write multiline content, nest it instead
%p
This is a lot of content that we could probably split onto two
separate lines.
/
You can escape html by using the ampersand and equals sign ( &= ). This
converts html-sensitive characters (&, /, :) into their html encoded
equivalents. For example
%p
&= "Yes & yes"
/ would output 'Yes & yes'
/ You can unescape html by using the bang and equals sign ( != )
%p
!= "This is how you write a paragraph tag <p></p>"
/ which would output 'This is how you write a paragraph tag <p></p>'
/ CSS classes can be added to your tags either by chaining .classnames to the tag
%div.foo.bar
/ or as part of a Ruby hash
%div{:class => 'foo bar'}
/ Attributes for any tag can be added in the hash
%a{:href => '#', :class => 'bar', :title => 'Bar'}
/ For boolean attributes assign the value 'true'
%input{:selected => true}
/ To write data-attributes, use the :data key with its value as another hash
%div{:data => {:attribute => 'foo'}}
/ For Ruby version 1.9 or higher you can use Ruby's new hash syntax
%div{ data: { attribute: 'foo' } }
/ Also you can use HTML-style attribute syntax.
%a(href='#' title='bar')
/ And both syntaxes together
%a(href='#'){ title: @my_class.title }
/ -------------------------------------------
/ Inserting Ruby
/ -------------------------------------------
/
To output a Ruby value as the contents of a tag, use an equals sign followed
by the Ruby code
%h1= book.name
%p
= book.author
= book.publisher
/ To run some Ruby code without rendering it to the html, use a hyphen instead
- books = ['book 1', 'book 2', 'book 3']
/ Allowing you to do all sorts of awesome, like Ruby blocks
- books.shuffle.each_with_index do |book, index|
%h1= book
- if book do
%p This is a book
/ Adding ordered / unordered list
%ul
%li
=item1
=item2
/
Again, no need to add the closing tags to the block, even for the Ruby.
Indentation will take care of that for you.
/ -------------------------------------------
/ Inserting Table with bootstrap classes
/ -------------------------------------------
%table.table.table-hover
%thead
%tr
%th Header 1
%th Header 2
%tr
%td Value1
%td value2
%tfoot
%tr
%td
Foot value
/ -------------------------------------------
/ Inline Ruby / Ruby interpolation
/ -------------------------------------------
/ Include a Ruby variable in a line of plain text using #{}
%p Your highest scoring game is #{best_game}
/ -------------------------------------------
/ Filters
/ -------------------------------------------
/
Filters pass the block to another filtering program and return the result in Haml
To use a filter, type a colon and the name of the filter
/ Markdown filter
:markdown
# Header
Text **inside** the *block*
/ The code above is compiled into
<h1>Header</h1>
<p>Text <strong>inside</strong> the <em>block</em></p>
/ Javascript filter
:javascript
console.log('This is inline <script>');
/ is compiled into
<script>
console.log('This is inline <script>');
</script>
/
There are many types of filters (:markdown, :javascript, :coffee, :css, :ruby and so on)
Also you can define your own filters using Haml::Filters
```
## Additional resources
- [What is HAML?](http://haml.info/) - A good introduction that does a much better job of explaining the benefits of using HAML.
- [Official Docs](http://haml.info/docs/yardoc/file.REFERENCE.html) - If you'd like to go a little deeper.