diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index f1dd740b0b4..4e14c205f18 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -48,6 +48,14 @@ endif ()
 set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS 1)
 
 option (USE_CCACHE "Set to OFF to disable ccache" ON)
+if (USE_CCACHE)
+    set(NOT_USE_CCACHE 0)
+else()
+    set(NOT_USE_CCACHE 1)
+endif()
+
+option(ENABLE_PCH "Enable `Precompiled header`" OFF)
+
 include (cmake/find_ccache.cmake)
 
 if (NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE OR CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "None")
diff --git a/cmake/find_ccache.cmake b/cmake/find_ccache.cmake
index 910caebb046..71fa337a922 100644
--- a/cmake/find_ccache.cmake
+++ b/cmake/find_ccache.cmake
@@ -24,6 +24,20 @@ if (USE_CCACHE AND CCACHE_FOUND AND NOT CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER MATCHES "cca
     message ("${CCACHE_CONFIG}")
     set_property (GLOBAL PROPERTY RULE_LAUNCH_COMPILE ${CCACHE_FOUND})
     set_property (GLOBAL PROPERTY RULE_LAUNCH_LINK ${CCACHE_FOUND})
+
+    if (ENABLE_PCH)
+        execute_process (COMMAND ${CCACHE_FOUND} --get-config sloppiness OUTPUT_VARIABLE _CCACHE_SLOPPINESS OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)
+        string (FIND "${_CCACHE_SLOPPINESS}" "pch_defines" _CCACHE_SLOPPINESS_RES)
+        if (NOT _CCACHE_SLOPPINESS_RES STREQUAL "-1")
+            string (FIND "${_CCACHE_SLOPPINESS}" "time_macros" _CCACHE_SLOPPINESS_RES)
+        endif ()
+
+        if (_CCACHE_SLOPPINESS_RES STREQUAL "-1")
+            message(WARNING "`Precompiled header` won't be cached by ccache, sloppiness = `${CCACHE_SLOPPINESS}`,please execute `ccache -o sloppiness=pch_defines,time_macros`")
+            set (ENABLE_PCH FALSE CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
+        endif ()
+    endif ()
+
 else ()
     message (STATUS "Not using ccache ${CCACHE_FOUND}, USE_CCACHE=${USE_CCACHE}")
 endif ()
diff --git a/dbms/CMakeLists.txt b/dbms/CMakeLists.txt
index 21cf06cbe31..cce11bd6997 100644
--- a/dbms/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/dbms/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -259,6 +259,16 @@ target_include_directories (clickhouse_common_io BEFORE PRIVATE ${COMMON_INCLUDE
 # https://cmake.org/pipermail/cmake/2016-May/063400.html
 target_link_libraries (clickhouse_common_io PUBLIC ${TIFLASH_XXHASH_LIBRARY})
 
+function(add_target_pch context target)
+    if (ENABLE_PCH)
+        message(STATUS "Add PCH `${context}` for target `${target}`")
+        target_precompile_headers(${target} PRIVATE ${context})
+    endif ()
+    if(${ARGC} GREATER 2)
+        add_target_pch(${context} ${ARGN})
+    endif()
+endfunction()
+
 if (ENABLE_TESTS)
     include (${TiFlash_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/find_gtest.cmake)
 
@@ -297,6 +307,8 @@ if (ENABLE_TESTS)
     target_compile_options(gtests_dbms PRIVATE -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-deprecated-copy)
     add_check(gtests_dbms)
 
+    add_target_pch("pch-dbms.h" gtests_dbms)
+
     grep_bench_sources(${TiFlash_SOURCE_DIR}/dbms dbms_bench_sources)
     add_executable(bench_dbms EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
         ${dbms_bench_sources}
@@ -342,3 +354,23 @@ if (TEST_COVERAGE AND CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
         )
     endif ()
 endif ()
+
+# dbms
+add_target_pch("pch-dbms.h" dbms flash_service)
+add_target_pch("pch-common.h" clickhouse_common_io clickhouse_functions clickhouse_aggregate_functions)
+add_target_pch("pch-common.h" clickhouse_parsers clickhouse_storages_system dt-workload-lib clickhouse-server-lib)
+
+# common
+add_target_pch("pch-kvpb.h" kv_client)
+
+add_target_pch("pch-stl.h" ${Boost_SYSTEM_LIBRARY} cctz ${RE2_LIBRARY} ${RE2_ST_LIBRARY})
+
+# grpc
+add_target_pch("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pch-stl.h>" grpc grpc++)
+
+# pb
+add_target_pch("pch-stl.h" libprotobuf kvproto tipb libprotoc)
+
+# poco
+add_target_pch("pch-stl.h" Net Crypto Util Data NetSSL)
+add_target_pch("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pch-stl.h>" XML Foundation JSON)
diff --git a/dbms/pch-common.h b/dbms/pch-common.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..878254a3529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dbms/pch-common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright 2022 PingCAP, Ltd.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <Common/Exception.h>
+#include <Common/FmtUtils.h>
+#include <Common/StackTrace.h>
+#include <common/StringRef.h>
+#include <common/types.h>
+
+#include "pch-stl.h"
diff --git a/dbms/pch-dbms.h b/dbms/pch-dbms.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..60687073bf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dbms/pch-dbms.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright 2022 PingCAP, Ltd.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pch-common.h"
+#include "pch-kvpb.h"
diff --git a/dbms/pch-kvpb.h b/dbms/pch-kvpb.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d74bfc6bb89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dbms/pch-kvpb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright 2022 PingCAP, Ltd.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+/** 
+There may be unexpected behaviors for `ccache` to deal with PCH which includes those header files generated by tools: 
+    'xxx' has been modified since the precompiled header 'xxx' was built: mtime changed
+    `Precompiled header includes xxx.h, which has a new mtime`
+*/
+#include <kvproto/enginepb.pb.h>
+#include <kvproto/pdpb.grpc.pb.h>
+#include <kvproto/tikvpb.grpc.pb.h>
+
+#include "pch-stl.h"
diff --git a/dbms/pch-stl.h b/dbms/pch-stl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..01b3123650d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dbms/pch-stl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright 2022 PingCAP, Ltd.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <functional>
+#include <future>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <queue>
+#include <random>
+#include <shared_mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dbms/src/Common/FmtUtils.h b/dbms/src/Common/FmtUtils.h
index 71f93a34078..ab37194ed10 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Common/FmtUtils.h
+++ b/dbms/src/Common/FmtUtils.h
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <common/StringRef.h>
-#include <fmt/core.h>
 #include <fmt/format.h>
 
 namespace DB
@@ -32,9 +30,9 @@ class FmtBuffer
         return *this;
     }
 
-    FmtBuffer & append(StringRef s)
+    FmtBuffer & append(std::string_view s)
     {
-        buffer.append(s.data, s.data + s.size);
+        buffer.append(s.data(), s.data() + s.size());
         return *this;
     }
 
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ class FmtBuffer
     FmtBuffer & joinStr(
         Iter first,
         Iter end,
-        StringRef delimiter)
+        std::string_view delimiter)
     {
         auto func = [](const auto & s, FmtBuffer & fb) {
             fb.append(s);
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@ class FmtBuffer
         Iter first,
         Iter end,
         FF && toStringFunc, // void (const auto &, FmtBuffer &)
-        StringRef delimiter)
+        std::string_view delimiter)
     {
         if (first == end)
             return *this;
diff --git a/dbms/src/Common/TiFlashException.cpp b/dbms/src/Common/TiFlashException.cpp
index bd28a57c093..11ee229ded0 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Common/TiFlashException.cpp
+++ b/dbms/src/Common/TiFlashException.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,32 @@
 
 namespace DB
 {
+struct TiFlashErrorRegistry::Errors : std::map<std::pair<std::string, std::string>, TiFlashError>
+{
+};
+
+TiFlashErrorRegistry::Errors & TiFlashErrorRegistry::errors()
+{
+    return *inner_data;
+}
+
+TiFlashErrorRegistry::Errors & TiFlashErrorRegistry::errors() const
+{
+    return *inner_data;
+}
+
+TiFlashErrorRegistry::TiFlashErrorRegistry()
+    : inner_data(new Errors{})
+{
+    initialize();
+}
+
+TiFlashErrorRegistry::~TiFlashErrorRegistry()
+{
+    delete inner_data;
+    inner_data = nullptr;
+}
+
 void TiFlashErrorRegistry::initialize()
 {
     // Used to check uniqueness of classes
@@ -46,9 +72,9 @@ void TiFlashErrorRegistry::initialize()
 void TiFlashErrorRegistry::registerError(const std::string & error_class, const std::string & error_code, const std::string & description, const std::string & workaround, const std::string & message_template)
 {
     TiFlashError error{error_class, error_code, description, workaround, message_template};
-    if (all_errors.find({error_class, error_code}) == all_errors.end())
+    if (errors().find({error_class, error_code}) == errors().end())
     {
-        all_errors.emplace(std::make_pair(error_class, error_code), std::move(error));
+        errors().emplace(std::make_pair(error_class, error_code), std::move(error));
     }
     else
     {
@@ -77,4 +103,51 @@ std::string TiFlashException::standardText() const
     return text;
 }
 
+std::optional<TiFlashError> TiFlashErrorRegistry::get(const std::string & error_class, const std::string & error_code) const
+{
+    auto error = errors().find({error_class, error_code});
+    if (error != errors().end())
+    {
+        return error->second;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return {};
+    }
+}
+std::optional<TiFlashError> TiFlashErrorRegistry::get(const std::string & error_class, int error_code) const
+{
+    return get(error_class, std::to_string(error_code));
+}
+
+std::vector<TiFlashError> TiFlashErrorRegistry::allErrors() const
+{
+    std::vector<TiFlashError> res;
+    res.reserve(errors().size());
+    for (const auto & error : errors())
+    {
+        res.push_back(error.second);
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+TiFlashError TiFlashErrorRegistry::simpleGet(const std::string & error_class, const std::string & error_code)
+{
+    auto & m_instance = instance();
+    auto error = m_instance.get(error_class, error_code);
+    if (error.has_value())
+    {
+        return error.value();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        throw Exception("Unregistered TiFlashError: FLASH:" + error_class + ":" + error_code);
+    }
+}
+TiFlashError TiFlashErrorRegistry::simpleGet(const std::string & error_class, int error_code)
+{
+    return simpleGet(error_class, std::to_string(error_code));
+}
+
+
 } // namespace DB
diff --git a/dbms/src/Common/TiFlashException.h b/dbms/src/Common/TiFlashException.h
index 2026571859e..3b4e3d75813 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Common/TiFlashException.h
+++ b/dbms/src/Common/TiFlashException.h
@@ -194,56 +194,19 @@ class TiFlashErrorRegistry : public ext::Singleton<TiFlashErrorRegistry>
 public:
     friend ext::Singleton<TiFlashErrorRegistry>;
 
-    static TiFlashError simpleGet(const std::string & error_class, const std::string & error_code)
-    {
-        auto & m_instance = instance();
-        auto error = m_instance.get(error_class, error_code);
-        if (error.has_value())
-        {
-            return error.value();
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            throw Exception("Unregistered TiFlashError: FLASH:" + error_class + ":" + error_code);
-        }
-    }
+    static TiFlashError simpleGet(const std::string & error_class, const std::string & error_code);
 
-    static TiFlashError simpleGet(const std::string & error_class, int error_code)
-    {
-        return simpleGet(error_class, std::to_string(error_code));
-    }
+    static TiFlashError simpleGet(const std::string & error_class, int error_code);
 
-    std::optional<TiFlashError> get(const std::string & error_class, const std::string & error_code) const
-    {
-        auto error = all_errors.find({error_class, error_code});
-        if (error != all_errors.end())
-        {
-            return error->second;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return {};
-        }
-    }
+    std::optional<TiFlashError> get(const std::string & error_class, const std::string & error_code) const;
 
-    std::optional<TiFlashError> get(const std::string & error_class, int error_code) const
-    {
-        return get(error_class, std::to_string(error_code));
-    }
+    std::optional<TiFlashError> get(const std::string & error_class, int error_code) const;
 
-    std::vector<TiFlashError> allErrors() const
-    {
-        std::vector<TiFlashError> res;
-        res.reserve(all_errors.size());
-        for (const auto & error : all_errors)
-        {
-            res.push_back(error.second);
-        }
-        return res;
-    }
+    std::vector<TiFlashError> allErrors() const;
 
 protected:
-    TiFlashErrorRegistry() { initialize(); }
+    TiFlashErrorRegistry();
+    ~TiFlashErrorRegistry();
 
 private:
     void registerError(const std::string & error_class, const std::string & error_code, const std::string & description, const std::string & workaround, const std::string & message_template = "");
@@ -252,8 +215,13 @@ class TiFlashErrorRegistry : public ext::Singleton<TiFlashErrorRegistry>
 
     void initialize();
 
+    struct Errors;
+
+    Errors & errors();
+    Errors & errors() const;
+
 private:
-    std::map<std::pair<std::string, std::string>, TiFlashError> all_errors;
+    Errors * inner_data; // PImpl
 };
 
 /// TiFlashException implements TiDB's standardized error.
diff --git a/dbms/src/DataStreams/TiRemoteBlockInputStream.h b/dbms/src/DataStreams/TiRemoteBlockInputStream.h
index f8e313a25be..f249bf1a0dc 100644
--- a/dbms/src/DataStreams/TiRemoteBlockInputStream.h
+++ b/dbms/src/DataStreams/TiRemoteBlockInputStream.h
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <Flash/Mpp/ExchangeReceiver.h>
 #include <Flash/Statistics/ConnectionProfileInfo.h>
 #include <Interpreters/Context.h>
-#include <Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h>
 #include <common/logger_useful.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
diff --git a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/CoprocessorReader.h b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/CoprocessorReader.h
index 8a3eb471e54..25c07cff49c 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/CoprocessorReader.h
+++ b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/CoprocessorReader.h
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include <Flash/Coprocessor/DecodeDetail.h>
 #include <Flash/Coprocessor/DefaultChunkCodec.h>
 #include <Interpreters/Context.h>
-#include <Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h>
 #include <common/logger_useful.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
@@ -29,6 +28,7 @@
 
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
 #include <kvproto/mpp.pb.h>
 #include <pingcap/coprocessor/Client.h>
 #include <pingcap/kv/Rpc.h>
diff --git a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/DAGStorageInterpreter.cpp b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/DAGStorageInterpreter.cpp
index 11a1b7e2d3e..df7e504d2c4 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/DAGStorageInterpreter.cpp
+++ b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/DAGStorageInterpreter.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include <Storages/MutableSupport.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/KVStore.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/LockException.h>
+#include <Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h>
 #include <TiDB/Schema/SchemaSyncer.h>
 
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
diff --git a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/DAGStorageInterpreter.h b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/DAGStorageInterpreter.h
index d86274a1e22..0425abe04db 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/DAGStorageInterpreter.h
+++ b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/DAGStorageInterpreter.h
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 #include <Storages/SelectQueryInfo.h>
 #include <Storages/TableLockHolder.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/LearnerRead.h>
-#include <Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/TMTStorages.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/Types.h>
 #include <pingcap/coprocessor/Client.h>
@@ -33,6 +32,7 @@
 
 namespace DB
 {
+class TMTContext;
 using TablesRegionInfoMap = std::unordered_map<Int64, std::reference_wrapper<const RegionInfoMap>>;
 /// DAGStorageInterpreter encapsulates operations around storage during interprete stage.
 /// It's only intended to be used by DAGQueryBlockInterpreter.
diff --git a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/GenSchemaAndColumn.cpp b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/GenSchemaAndColumn.cpp
index e7964021709..be3475f714f 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/GenSchemaAndColumn.cpp
+++ b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/GenSchemaAndColumn.cpp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 #include <Flash/Coprocessor/GenSchemaAndColumn.h>
 #include <Storages/MutableSupport.h>
+#include <Storages/Transaction/TypeMapping.h>
 
 namespace DB
 {
diff --git a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/RemoteRequest.cpp b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/RemoteRequest.cpp
index 086cdb43d20..d3b5c202136 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/RemoteRequest.cpp
+++ b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/RemoteRequest.cpp
@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #include <Common/FmtUtils.h>
+#include <Flash/Coprocessor/ChunkCodec.h>
 #include <Flash/Coprocessor/RemoteRequest.h>
 #include <Storages/MutableSupport.h>
+#include <common/logger_useful.h>
 
 namespace DB
 {
diff --git a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/RemoteRequest.h b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/RemoteRequest.h
index 1e42e18a7bd..5af3f66298c 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/RemoteRequest.h
+++ b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/RemoteRequest.h
@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@
 #include <Flash/Coprocessor/PushDownFilter.h>
 #include <Flash/Coprocessor/TiDBTableScan.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/TiDB.h>
-#include <pingcap/coprocessor/Client.h>
 
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
 #include <kvproto/coprocessor.pb.h>
+#include <pingcap/coprocessor/Client.h>
 #include <tipb/select.pb.h>
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
diff --git a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/TablesRegionsInfo.cpp b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/TablesRegionsInfo.cpp
index 7c4ddedabf4..ab4a0f82e95 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/TablesRegionsInfo.cpp
+++ b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/TablesRegionsInfo.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <Flash/Coprocessor/TablesRegionsInfo.h>
 #include <Flash/CoprocessorHandler.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/KVStore.h>
+#include <Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h>
 
 namespace DB
 {
diff --git a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/TablesRegionsInfo.h b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/TablesRegionsInfo.h
index dccb8b95466..f80a44b92a3 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/TablesRegionsInfo.h
+++ b/dbms/src/Flash/Coprocessor/TablesRegionsInfo.h
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <Flash/Coprocessor/DAGUtils.h>
 #include <Flash/Coprocessor/RegionInfo.h>
-#include <Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h>
+
 
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 namespace DB
 {
+class TMTContext;
 struct SingleTableRegions
 {
     RegionInfoMap local_regions;
diff --git a/dbms/src/Flash/Management/tests/gtest_manual_compact.cpp b/dbms/src/Flash/Management/tests/gtest_manual_compact.cpp
index 4527892e353..df6c881c306 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Flash/Management/tests/gtest_manual_compact.cpp
+++ b/dbms/src/Flash/Management/tests/gtest_manual_compact.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <Storages/DeltaMerge/tests/DMTestEnv.h>
 #include <Storages/DeltaMerge/tests/MultiSegmentTestUtil.h>
 #include <Storages/StorageDeltaMerge.h>
+#include <Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h>
 #include <Storages/tests/TiFlashStorageTestBasic.h>
 #include <common/types.h>
 #include <fmt/ranges.h>
diff --git a/dbms/src/Flash/Mpp/MinTSOScheduler.h b/dbms/src/Flash/Mpp/MinTSOScheduler.h
index 17ab1f4dfa3..dbc0cb84cc3 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Flash/Mpp/MinTSOScheduler.h
+++ b/dbms/src/Flash/Mpp/MinTSOScheduler.h
@@ -15,12 +15,19 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <Flash/Mpp/MPPTask.h>
-#include <Flash/Mpp/MPPTaskManager.h>
-#include <Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h>
 #include <common/logger_useful.h>
 
 namespace DB
 {
+class MinTSOScheduler;
+using MPPTaskSchedulerPtr = std::unique_ptr<MinTSOScheduler>;
+
+class MPPTaskManager;
+using MPPTaskManagerPtr = std::shared_ptr<MPPTaskManager>;
+
+struct MPPQueryTaskSet;
+using MPPQueryTaskSetPtr = std::shared_ptr<MPPQueryTaskSet>;
+
 /// scheduling tasks in the set according to the tso order under the soft limit of threads, but allow the min_tso query to preempt threads under the hard limit of threads.
 /// The min_tso query avoids the deadlock resulted from threads competition among nodes.
 /// schedule tasks under the lock protection of the task manager.
diff --git a/dbms/src/Interpreters/Context.h b/dbms/src/Interpreters/Context.h
index 63aefcbece9..5d5c39263c6 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Interpreters/Context.h
+++ b/dbms/src/Interpreters/Context.h
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <Core/NamesAndTypes.h>
 #include <Core/Types.h>
 #include <IO/CompressionSettings.h>
 #include <Interpreters/ClientInfo.h>
diff --git a/dbms/src/Server/CLIService.h b/dbms/src/Server/CLIService.h
index 18c9d61260f..9078fa991f3 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Server/CLIService.h
+++ b/dbms/src/Server/CLIService.h
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #include <Server/IServer.h>
 #include <Server/RaftConfigParser.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/ProxyFFI.h>
-#include <Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h>
 #include <daemon/BaseDaemon.h>
 #include <pingcap/Config.h>
 
diff --git a/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/KVStore.cpp b/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/KVStore.cpp
index 2b82220cbc4..318a04c6ed9 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/KVStore.cpp
+++ b/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/KVStore.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <Storages/Transaction/ReadIndexWorker.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/Region.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/RegionExecutionResult.h>
+#include <Storages/Transaction/RegionPersister.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/RegionTable.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h>
 #include <common/likely.h>
@@ -38,15 +39,15 @@ extern const int TABLE_IS_DROPPED;
 } // namespace ErrorCodes
 
 KVStore::KVStore(Context & context, TiDB::SnapshotApplyMethod snapshot_apply_method_)
-    : region_persister(context, region_manager)
+    : region_persister(std::make_unique<RegionPersister>(context, region_manager))
     , raft_cmd_res(std::make_unique<RaftCommandResult>())
     , snapshot_apply_method(snapshot_apply_method_)
     , log(&Poco::Logger::get("KVStore"))
+    , region_compact_log_period(120)
+    , region_compact_log_min_rows(40 * 1024)
+    , region_compact_log_min_bytes(32 * 1024 * 1024)
 {
     // default config about compact-log: period 120s, rows 40k, bytes 32MB.
-    REGION_COMPACT_LOG_PERIOD = 120;
-    REGION_COMPACT_LOG_MIN_ROWS = 40 * 1024;
-    REGION_COMPACT_LOG_MIN_BYTES = 32 * 1024 * 1024;
 }
 
 void KVStore::restore(const TiFlashRaftProxyHelper * proxy_helper)
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ void KVStore::restore(const TiFlashRaftProxyHelper * proxy_helper)
     auto manage_lock = genRegionWriteLock(task_lock);
 
     this->proxy_helper = proxy_helper;
-    manage_lock.regions = region_persister.restore(proxy_helper);
+    manage_lock.regions = region_persister->restore(proxy_helper);
 
     LOG_FMT_INFO(log, "Restored {} regions", manage_lock.regions.size());
 
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ void KVStore::tryPersist(RegionID region_id)
     if (region)
     {
         LOG_FMT_INFO(log, "Try to persist {}", region->toString(false));
-        region_persister.persist(*region);
+        region_persister->persist(*region);
         LOG_FMT_INFO(log, "After persisted {}, cache {} bytes", region->toString(false), region->dataSize());
     }
 }
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ void KVStore::gcRegionPersistedCache(Seconds gc_persist_period)
     if (now < (last_gc_time.load() + gc_persist_period))
         return;
     last_gc_time = now;
-    region_persister.gc();
+    region_persister->gc();
 }
 
 void KVStore::removeRegion(RegionID region_id, bool remove_data, RegionTable & region_table, const KVStoreTaskLock & task_lock, const RegionTaskLock & region_lock)
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ void KVStore::removeRegion(RegionID region_id, bool remove_data, RegionTable & r
         }
     }
 
-    region_persister.drop(region_id, region_lock);
+    region_persister->drop(region_id, region_lock);
     LOG_FMT_INFO(log, "Persisted [region {}] deleted", region_id);
 
     region_table.removeRegion(region_id, remove_data, region_lock);
@@ -306,9 +307,9 @@ void KVStore::handleDestroy(UInt64 region_id, TMTContext & tmt, const KVStoreTas
 
 void KVStore::setRegionCompactLogConfig(UInt64 sec, UInt64 rows, UInt64 bytes)
 {
-    REGION_COMPACT_LOG_PERIOD = sec;
-    REGION_COMPACT_LOG_MIN_ROWS = rows;
-    REGION_COMPACT_LOG_MIN_BYTES = bytes;
+    region_compact_log_period = sec;
+    region_compact_log_min_rows = rows;
+    region_compact_log_min_bytes = bytes;
 
     LOG_FMT_INFO(
         log,
@@ -321,7 +322,7 @@ void KVStore::setRegionCompactLogConfig(UInt64 sec, UInt64 rows, UInt64 bytes)
 void KVStore::persistRegion(const Region & region, const RegionTaskLock & region_task_lock, const char * caller)
 {
     LOG_FMT_INFO(log, "Start to persist {}, cache size: {} bytes for `{}`", region.toString(true), region.dataSize(), caller);
-    region_persister.persist(region, region_task_lock);
+    region_persister->persist(region, region_task_lock);
     LOG_FMT_DEBUG(log, "Persist {} done", region.toString(false));
 }
 
@@ -362,8 +363,8 @@ EngineStoreApplyRes KVStore::handleUselessAdminRaftCmd(
 
             LOG_FMT_DEBUG(log, "{} approx mem cache info: rows {}, bytes {}", curr_region.toString(false), rows, size_bytes);
 
-            if (rows >= REGION_COMPACT_LOG_MIN_ROWS.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)
-                || size_bytes >= REGION_COMPACT_LOG_MIN_BYTES.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
+            if (rows >= region_compact_log_min_rows.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)
+                || size_bytes >= region_compact_log_min_bytes.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
             {
                 // if rows or bytes more than threshold, flush cache and perist mem data.
                 return true;
@@ -372,7 +373,7 @@ EngineStoreApplyRes KVStore::handleUselessAdminRaftCmd(
             {
                 // if thhere is little data in mem, wait until time interval reached threshold.
                 // use random period so that lots of regions will not be persisted at same time.
-                auto compact_log_period = std::rand() % REGION_COMPACT_LOG_PERIOD.load(std::memory_order_relaxed); // NOLINT
+                auto compact_log_period = std::rand() % region_compact_log_period.load(std::memory_order_relaxed); // NOLINT
                 return !(curr_region.lastCompactLogTime() + Seconds{compact_log_period} > Clock::now());
             }
         }
@@ -765,4 +766,9 @@ KVStore::~KVStore()
     releaseReadIndexWorkers();
 }
 
+FileUsageStatistics KVStore::getFileUsageStatistics() const
+{
+    return region_persister->getFileUsageStatistics();
+}
+
 } // namespace DB
diff --git a/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/KVStore.h b/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/KVStore.h
index 8673cae3ff3..bb45e65d18b 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/KVStore.h
+++ b/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/KVStore.h
@@ -16,20 +16,19 @@
 
 #include <Storages/Transaction/RegionDataRead.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/RegionManager.h>
-#include <Storages/Transaction/RegionPersister.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/StorageEngineType.h>
 
-
 namespace TiDB
 {
 struct TableInfo;
 }
 namespace DB
 {
+class Context;
 namespace RegionBench
 {
 extern void concurrentBatchInsert(const TiDB::TableInfo &, Int64, Int64, Int64, UInt64, UInt64, Context &);
-}
+} // namespace RegionBench
 namespace DM
 {
 enum class FileConvertJobType;
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ namespace tests
 class RegionKVStoreTest;
 }
 
-class Context;
 class IAST;
 using ASTPtr = std::shared_ptr<IAST>;
 using ASTs = std::vector<ASTPtr>;
@@ -71,6 +69,8 @@ using RegionPreDecodeBlockDataPtr = std::unique_ptr<RegionPreDecodeBlockData>;
 class ReadIndexWorkerManager;
 using BatchReadIndexRes = std::vector<std::pair<kvrpcpb::ReadIndexResponse, uint64_t>>;
 class ReadIndexStressTest;
+struct FileUsageStatistics;
+class RegionPersister;
 
 /// TODO: brief design document.
 class KVStore final : private boost::noncopyable
@@ -157,10 +157,7 @@ class KVStore final : private boost::noncopyable
 
     ~KVStore();
 
-    FileUsageStatistics getFileUsageStatistics() const
-    {
-        return region_persister.getFileUsageStatistics();
-    }
+    FileUsageStatistics getFileUsageStatistics() const;
 
 private:
     friend class MockTiDB;
@@ -229,7 +226,7 @@ class KVStore final : private boost::noncopyable
 private:
     RegionManager region_manager;
 
-    RegionPersister region_persister;
+    std::unique_ptr<RegionPersister> region_persister;
 
     std::atomic<Timepoint> last_gc_time = Timepoint::min();
 
@@ -242,9 +239,9 @@ class KVStore final : private boost::noncopyable
 
     Poco::Logger * log;
 
-    std::atomic<UInt64> REGION_COMPACT_LOG_PERIOD;
-    std::atomic<UInt64> REGION_COMPACT_LOG_MIN_ROWS;
-    std::atomic<UInt64> REGION_COMPACT_LOG_MIN_BYTES;
+    std::atomic<UInt64> region_compact_log_period;
+    std::atomic<UInt64> region_compact_log_min_rows;
+    std::atomic<UInt64> region_compact_log_min_bytes;
 
     mutable std::mutex bg_gc_region_data_mutex;
     std::list<RegionDataReadInfoList> bg_gc_region_data;
diff --git a/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/ProxyFFI.cpp b/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/ProxyFFI.cpp
index cc7d1e10a49..8a40ca9b15e 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/ProxyFFI.cpp
+++ b/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/ProxyFFI.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 #include <Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h>
 #include <kvproto/diagnosticspb.pb.h>
 
+#include <ext/scope_guard.h>
+
 #define CHECK_PARSE_PB_BUFF_IMPL(n, a, b, c)                                              \
     do                                                                                    \
     {                                                                                     \
diff --git a/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/ReadIndexWorker.cpp b/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/ReadIndexWorker.cpp
index 97a8f4b3e0b..3223c815989 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/ReadIndexWorker.cpp
+++ b/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/ReadIndexWorker.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <fmt/chrono.h>
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <queue>
 
 namespace DB
 {
@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ struct BlockedReadIndexHelper : BlockedReadIndexHelperTrait
         return waker.waitFor(tm);
     }
 
-    virtual ~BlockedReadIndexHelper() = default;
+    ~BlockedReadIndexHelper() override = default;
 
 private:
     AsyncWaker & waker;
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ struct BlockedReadIndexHelperV3 : BlockedReadIndexHelperTrait
         return notifier.blockedWaitFor(tm);
     }
 
-    virtual ~BlockedReadIndexHelperV3() = default;
+    ~BlockedReadIndexHelperV3() override = default;
 
 private:
     AsyncWaker::Notifier & notifier;
@@ -342,7 +343,7 @@ struct RegionReadIndexNotifier : AsyncNotifier
         notify->wake();
     }
 
-    virtual ~RegionReadIndexNotifier() = default;
+    ~RegionReadIndexNotifier() override = default;
 
     RegionReadIndexNotifier(
         RegionID region_id_,
diff --git a/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h b/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h
index bd592dad315..8e26c0da88c 100644
--- a/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h
+++ b/dbms/src/Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h
@@ -34,15 +34,9 @@ using SchemaSyncerPtr = std::shared_ptr<SchemaSyncer>;
 class BackgroundService;
 using BackGroundServicePtr = std::unique_ptr<BackgroundService>;
 
-class MinTSOScheduler;
-using MPPTaskSchedulerPtr = std::unique_ptr<MinTSOScheduler>;
-
 class MPPTaskManager;
 using MPPTaskManagerPtr = std::shared_ptr<MPPTaskManager>;
 
-struct MPPQueryTaskSet;
-using MPPQueryTaskSetPtr = std::shared_ptr<MPPQueryTaskSet>;
-
 class GCManager;
 using GCManagerPtr = std::shared_ptr<GCManager>;
 
diff --git a/dbms/src/TestUtils/ColumnsToTiPBExpr.cpp b/dbms/src/TestUtils/ColumnsToTiPBExpr.cpp
index 2c3bf243176..dcf727614b1 100644
--- a/dbms/src/TestUtils/ColumnsToTiPBExpr.cpp
+++ b/dbms/src/TestUtils/ColumnsToTiPBExpr.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <Columns/ColumnNullable.h>
 #include <Debug/astToExecutor.h>
 #include <Flash/Coprocessor/DAGCodec.h>
+#include <Storages/Transaction/TypeMapping.h>
 #include <TestUtils/ColumnsToTiPBExpr.h>
 
 namespace DB
diff --git a/dbms/src/TiDB/Schema/TiDBSchemaSyncer.h b/dbms/src/TiDB/Schema/TiDBSchemaSyncer.h
index 8aab2b3302e..4fdba195acb 100644
--- a/dbms/src/TiDB/Schema/TiDBSchemaSyncer.h
+++ b/dbms/src/TiDB/Schema/TiDBSchemaSyncer.h
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #include <Common/TiFlashMetrics.h>
 #include <Debug/MockSchemaGetter.h>
 #include <Debug/MockSchemaNameMapper.h>
-#include <Storages/Transaction/TMTContext.h>
 #include <Storages/Transaction/TiDB.h>
 #include <TiDB/Schema/SchemaBuilder.h>
 #include <pingcap/kv/Cluster.h>
diff --git a/release-centos7-llvm/scripts/build-tiflash-release.sh b/release-centos7-llvm/scripts/build-tiflash-release.sh
index bb62e4743f6..42993b51afe 100755
--- a/release-centos7-llvm/scripts/build-tiflash-release.sh
+++ b/release-centos7-llvm/scripts/build-tiflash-release.sh
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ SRCPATH=$(
 )
 NPROC=${NPROC:-$(nproc || grep -c ^processor /proc/cpuinfo)}
 ENABLE_THINLTO=${ENABLE_THINLTO:-ON}
+ENABLE_PCH=${ENABLE_PCH:-ON}
 
 INSTALL_DIR="${SRCPATH}/release-centos7-llvm/tiflash"
 rm -rf ${INSTALL_DIR} && mkdir -p ${INSTALL_DIR}
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ cmake -S "${SRCPATH}" \
   -DRUN_HAVE_STD_REGEX=0 \
   -DENABLE_THINLTO=${ENABLE_THINLTO} \
   -DTHINLTO_JOBS=${NPROC} \
+  -DENABLE_PCH=${ENABLE_PCH} \
   -GNinja
 
 cmake --build . --target tiflash --parallel ${NPROC}