diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
index 43193ea5..beaf9d12 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         python:
-          - "3.8"
           - "3.9"
           - "3.10"
           - "3.11"
diff --git a/docs/howto/django.rst b/docs/howto/django.rst
index dada9c5e..4fe2311c 100644
--- a/docs/howto/django.rst
+++ b/docs/howto/django.rst
@@ -121,8 +121,7 @@ authentication fails, it closes the connection and exits.
 When we call an API that makes a database query such as ``get_user()``, we
 wrap the call in :func:`~asyncio.to_thread`. Indeed, the Django ORM doesn't
 support asynchronous I/O. It would block the event loop if it didn't run in a
-separate thread. :func:`~asyncio.to_thread` is available since Python 3.9. In
-earlier versions, use :meth:`~asyncio.loop.run_in_executor` instead.
+separate thread.
 
 Finally, we start a server with :func:`~websockets.asyncio.server.serve`.
 
diff --git a/docs/intro/index.rst b/docs/intro/index.rst
index 095262a2..642e5009 100644
--- a/docs/intro/index.rst
+++ b/docs/intro/index.rst
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Getting started
 Requirements
 ------------
 
-websockets requires Python ≥ 3.8.
+websockets requires Python ≥ 3.9.
 
 .. admonition:: Use the most recent Python release
     :class: tip
diff --git a/docs/project/changelog.rst b/docs/project/changelog.rst
index 65e26008..5f07fc09 100644
--- a/docs/project/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/project/changelog.rst
@@ -32,6 +32,15 @@ notice.
 
 *In development*
 
+Backwards-incompatible changes
+..............................
+
+.. admonition:: websockets 14.0 requires Python ≥ 3.9.
+    :class: tip
+
+    websockets 13.1 is the last version supporting Python 3.8.
+
+
 .. _13.1:
 
 13.1
@@ -106,11 +115,6 @@ Bug fixes
 Backwards-incompatible changes
 ..............................
 
-.. admonition:: websockets 13.0 requires Python ≥ 3.8.
-    :class: tip
-
-    websockets 12.0 is the last version supporting Python 3.7.
-
 .. admonition:: Receiving the request path in the second parameter of connection
     handlers is deprecated.
     :class: note
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index fde9c322..6a0ab8d7 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 [project]
 name = "websockets"
 description = "An implementation of the WebSocket Protocol (RFC 6455 & 7692)"
-requires-python = ">=3.8"
+requires-python = ">=3.9"
 license = { text = "BSD-3-Clause" }
 authors = [
     { name = "Aymeric Augustin", email = "aymeric.augustin@m4x.org" },
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ classifiers = [
     "Operating System :: OS Independent",
     "Programming Language :: Python",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
diff --git a/src/websockets/asyncio/client.py b/src/websockets/asyncio/client.py
index b1beb3e0..23b1a348 100644
--- a/src/websockets/asyncio/client.py
+++ b/src/websockets/asyncio/client.py
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@
 import logging
 import os
 import urllib.parse
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Generator, Sequence
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import Any, AsyncIterator, Callable, Generator, Sequence
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 from ..client import ClientProtocol, backoff
 from ..datastructures import HeadersLike
@@ -492,7 +493,7 @@ async def __aexit__(
     # async for ... in connect(...):
 
     async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[ClientConnection]:
-        delays: Generator[float, None, None] | None = None
+        delays: Generator[float] | None = None
         while True:
             try:
                 async with self as protocol:
diff --git a/src/websockets/asyncio/connection.py b/src/websockets/asyncio/connection.py
index 6af61a4a..702e6999 100644
--- a/src/websockets/asyncio/connection.py
+++ b/src/websockets/asyncio/connection.py
@@ -8,16 +8,9 @@
 import struct
 import sys
 import uuid
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Iterable, Mapping
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    AsyncIterable,
-    AsyncIterator,
-    Awaitable,
-    Iterable,
-    Mapping,
-    cast,
-)
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 from ..exceptions import (
     ConcurrencyError,
diff --git a/src/websockets/asyncio/messages.py b/src/websockets/asyncio/messages.py
index c2b4afd6..e3ec5062 100644
--- a/src/websockets/asyncio/messages.py
+++ b/src/websockets/asyncio/messages.py
@@ -3,14 +3,8 @@
 import asyncio
 import codecs
 import collections
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    AsyncIterator,
-    Callable,
-    Generic,
-    Iterable,
-    TypeVar,
-)
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterable
+from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, TypeVar
 
 from ..exceptions import ConcurrencyError
 from ..frames import OP_BINARY, OP_CONT, OP_TEXT, Frame
diff --git a/src/websockets/asyncio/server.py b/src/websockets/asyncio/server.py
index 19dae44b..e11dd91f 100644
--- a/src/websockets/asyncio/server.py
+++ b/src/websockets/asyncio/server.py
@@ -6,17 +6,9 @@
 import logging
 import socket
 import sys
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Generator, Iterable, Sequence
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Awaitable,
-    Callable,
-    Generator,
-    Iterable,
-    Sequence,
-    Tuple,
-    cast,
-)
+from typing import Any, Callable, cast
 
 from ..exceptions import InvalidHeader
 from ..extensions.base import ServerExtensionFactory
@@ -905,9 +897,9 @@ def basic_auth(
 
     if credentials is not None:
         if is_credentials(credentials):
-            credentials_list = [cast(Tuple[str, str], credentials)]
+            credentials_list = [cast(tuple[str, str], credentials)]
         elif isinstance(credentials, Iterable):
-            credentials_list = list(cast(Iterable[Tuple[str, str]], credentials))
+            credentials_list = list(cast(Iterable[tuple[str, str]], credentials))
             if not all(is_credentials(item) for item in credentials_list):
                 raise TypeError(f"invalid credentials argument: {credentials}")
         else:
diff --git a/src/websockets/client.py b/src/websockets/client.py
index e5f29498..bce82d66 100644
--- a/src/websockets/client.py
+++ b/src/websockets/client.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 import os
 import random
 import warnings
-from typing import Any, Generator, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+from typing import Any
 
 from .datastructures import Headers, MultipleValuesError
 from .exceptions import (
@@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ def send_request(self, request: Request) -> None:
 
         self.writes.append(request.serialize())
 
-    def parse(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    def parse(self) -> Generator[None]:
         if self.state is CONNECTING:
             try:
                 response = yield from Response.parse(
@@ -374,7 +375,7 @@ def backoff(
     min_delay: float = BACKOFF_MIN_DELAY,
     max_delay: float = BACKOFF_MAX_DELAY,
     factor: float = BACKOFF_FACTOR,
-) -> Generator[float, None, None]:
+) -> Generator[float]:
     """
     Generate a series of backoff delays between reconnection attempts.
 
diff --git a/src/websockets/datastructures.py b/src/websockets/datastructures.py
index 106d6f39..77b6f86f 100644
--- a/src/websockets/datastructures.py
+++ b/src/websockets/datastructures.py
@@ -1,15 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    Mapping,
-    MutableMapping,
-    Protocol,
-    Tuple,
-    Union,
-)
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from typing import Any, Protocol, Union
 
 
 __all__ = ["Headers", "HeadersLike", "MultipleValuesError"]
@@ -179,8 +171,7 @@ def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str: ...
 HeadersLike = Union[
     Headers,
     Mapping[str, str],
-    # Change to tuple[str, str] when dropping Python < 3.9.
-    Iterable[Tuple[str, str]],
+    Iterable[tuple[str, str]],
     SupportsKeysAndGetItem,
 ]
 """
diff --git a/src/websockets/extensions/base.py b/src/websockets/extensions/base.py
index 75bae6b7..42dd6c5f 100644
--- a/src/websockets/extensions/base.py
+++ b/src/websockets/extensions/base.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Sequence
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 from ..frames import Frame
 from ..typing import ExtensionName, ExtensionParameter
diff --git a/src/websockets/extensions/permessage_deflate.py b/src/websockets/extensions/permessage_deflate.py
index 25d2c1c4..f962b65f 100644
--- a/src/websockets/extensions/permessage_deflate.py
+++ b/src/websockets/extensions/permessage_deflate.py
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 
 import dataclasses
 import zlib
-from typing import Any, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any
 
 from .. import frames
 from ..exceptions import (
diff --git a/src/websockets/frames.py b/src/websockets/frames.py
index a63bdc3b..dace2c90 100644
--- a/src/websockets/frames.py
+++ b/src/websockets/frames.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 import os
 import secrets
 import struct
-from typing import Callable, Generator, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+from typing import Callable
 
 from .exceptions import PayloadTooBig, ProtocolError
 
diff --git a/src/websockets/headers.py b/src/websockets/headers.py
index 9103018a..e05948a1 100644
--- a/src/websockets/headers.py
+++ b/src/websockets/headers.py
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 import binascii
 import ipaddress
 import re
-from typing import Callable, Sequence, TypeVar, cast
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Callable, TypeVar, cast
 
 from .exceptions import InvalidHeaderFormat, InvalidHeaderValue
 from .typing import (
diff --git a/src/websockets/http11.py b/src/websockets/http11.py
index 47cef7a9..af542c77 100644
--- a/src/websockets/http11.py
+++ b/src/websockets/http11.py
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 import re
 import sys
 import warnings
-from typing import Callable, Generator
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from typing import Callable
 
 from .datastructures import Headers
 from .exceptions import SecurityError
diff --git a/src/websockets/imports.py b/src/websockets/imports.py
index bb80e4ea..c63fb212 100644
--- a/src/websockets/imports.py
+++ b/src/websockets/imports.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import warnings
-from typing import Any, Iterable
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import Any
 
 
 __all__ = ["lazy_import"]
diff --git a/src/websockets/legacy/auth.py b/src/websockets/legacy/auth.py
index 4d030e5e..a262fcd7 100644
--- a/src/websockets/legacy/auth.py
+++ b/src/websockets/legacy/auth.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 import functools
 import hmac
 import http
-from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, Iterable, Tuple, cast
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Iterable
+from typing import Any, Callable, cast
 
 from ..datastructures import Headers
 from ..exceptions import InvalidHeader
@@ -13,8 +14,7 @@
 
 __all__ = ["BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol", "basic_auth_protocol_factory"]
 
-# Change to tuple[str, str] when dropping Python < 3.9.
-Credentials = Tuple[str, str]
+Credentials = tuple[str, str]
 
 
 def is_credentials(value: Any) -> bool:
diff --git a/src/websockets/legacy/client.py b/src/websockets/legacy/client.py
index ec4c2ff6..116445e2 100644
--- a/src/websockets/legacy/client.py
+++ b/src/websockets/legacy/client.py
@@ -7,15 +7,9 @@
 import random
 import urllib.parse
 import warnings
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Generator, Sequence
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    AsyncIterator,
-    Callable,
-    Generator,
-    Sequence,
-    cast,
-)
+from typing import Any, Callable, cast
 
 from ..asyncio.compatibility import asyncio_timeout
 from ..datastructures import Headers, HeadersLike
diff --git a/src/websockets/legacy/framing.py b/src/websockets/legacy/framing.py
index 4c2f8c23..4ec194ed 100644
--- a/src/websockets/legacy/framing.py
+++ b/src/websockets/legacy/framing.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import struct
-from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, NamedTuple, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Sequence
+from typing import Any, Callable, NamedTuple
 
 from .. import extensions, frames
 from ..exceptions import PayloadTooBig, ProtocolError
diff --git a/src/websockets/legacy/protocol.py b/src/websockets/legacy/protocol.py
index 998e390d..cedde620 100644
--- a/src/websockets/legacy/protocol.py
+++ b/src/websockets/legacy/protocol.py
@@ -11,17 +11,8 @@
 import time
 import uuid
 import warnings
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    AsyncIterable,
-    AsyncIterator,
-    Awaitable,
-    Callable,
-    Deque,
-    Iterable,
-    Mapping,
-    cast,
-)
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Iterable, Mapping
+from typing import Any, Callable, Deque, cast
 
 from ..asyncio.compatibility import asyncio_timeout
 from ..datastructures import Headers
diff --git a/src/websockets/legacy/server.py b/src/websockets/legacy/server.py
index 2cb9b1ab..9326b610 100644
--- a/src/websockets/legacy/server.py
+++ b/src/websockets/legacy/server.py
@@ -8,18 +8,9 @@
 import logging
 import socket
 import warnings
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Generator, Iterable, Sequence
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Awaitable,
-    Callable,
-    Generator,
-    Iterable,
-    Sequence,
-    Tuple,
-    Union,
-    cast,
-)
+from typing import Any, Callable, Union, cast
 
 from ..asyncio.compatibility import asyncio_timeout
 from ..datastructures import Headers, HeadersLike, MultipleValuesError
@@ -59,8 +50,7 @@
 # Change to HeadersLike | ... when dropping Python < 3.10.
 HeadersLikeOrCallable = Union[HeadersLike, Callable[[str, Headers], HeadersLike]]
 
-# Change to tuple[...] when dropping Python < 3.9.
-HTTPResponse = Tuple[StatusLike, HeadersLike, bytes]
+HTTPResponse = tuple[StatusLike, HeadersLike, bytes]
 
 
 class WebSocketServerProtocol(WebSocketCommonProtocol):
diff --git a/src/websockets/protocol.py b/src/websockets/protocol.py
index 8751ebdb..091b4a23 100644
--- a/src/websockets/protocol.py
+++ b/src/websockets/protocol.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 import enum
 import logging
 import uuid
-from typing import Generator, Union
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from typing import Union
 
 from .exceptions import (
     ConnectionClosed,
@@ -529,7 +530,7 @@ def close_expected(self) -> bool:
 
     # Private methods for receiving data.
 
-    def parse(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    def parse(self) -> Generator[None]:
         """
         Parse incoming data into frames.
 
@@ -600,7 +601,7 @@ def parse(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
         yield
         raise AssertionError("parse() shouldn't step after error")
 
-    def discard(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    def discard(self) -> Generator[None]:
         """
         Discard incoming data.
 
diff --git a/src/websockets/server.py b/src/websockets/server.py
index 006d5bdd..9fe97061 100644
--- a/src/websockets/server.py
+++ b/src/websockets/server.py
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 import email.utils
 import http
 import warnings
-from typing import Any, Callable, Generator, Sequence, cast
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+from typing import Any, Callable, cast
 
 from .datastructures import Headers, MultipleValuesError
 from .exceptions import (
@@ -555,7 +556,7 @@ def send_response(self, response: Response) -> None:
             self.parser = self.discard()
             next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
 
-    def parse(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    def parse(self) -> Generator[None]:
         if self.state is CONNECTING:
             try:
                 request = yield from Request.parse(
diff --git a/src/websockets/streams.py b/src/websockets/streams.py
index 956f139d..f52e6193 100644
--- a/src/websockets/streams.py
+++ b/src/websockets/streams.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Generator
+from collections.abc import Generator
 
 
 class StreamReader:
diff --git a/src/websockets/sync/client.py b/src/websockets/sync/client.py
index d1e20a75..5e1ba6d8 100644
--- a/src/websockets/sync/client.py
+++ b/src/websockets/sync/client.py
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 import ssl as ssl_module
 import threading
 import warnings
-from typing import Any, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any
 
 from ..client import ClientProtocol
 from ..datastructures import HeadersLike
diff --git a/src/websockets/sync/connection.py b/src/websockets/sync/connection.py
index 97588870..8c5df959 100644
--- a/src/websockets/sync/connection.py
+++ b/src/websockets/sync/connection.py
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@
 import struct
 import threading
 import uuid
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Mapping
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import Any, Iterable, Iterator, Mapping
+from typing import Any
 
 from ..exceptions import (
     ConcurrencyError,
@@ -239,8 +240,7 @@ def recv_streaming(self) -> Iterator[Data]:
 
         """
         try:
-            for frame in self.recv_messages.get_iter():
-                yield frame
+            yield from self.recv_messages.get_iter()
         except EOFError:
             # Wait for the protocol state to be CLOSED before accessing close_exc.
             self.recv_events_thread.join()
diff --git a/src/websockets/sync/messages.py b/src/websockets/sync/messages.py
index 8d090538..b96cd688 100644
--- a/src/websockets/sync/messages.py
+++ b/src/websockets/sync/messages.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 import codecs
 import queue
 import threading
-from typing import Iterator, cast
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from typing import cast
 
 from ..exceptions import ConcurrencyError
 from ..frames import OP_BINARY, OP_CONT, OP_TEXT, Frame
@@ -150,8 +151,7 @@ def get_iter(self) -> Iterator[Data]:
             chunks = self.chunks
             self.chunks = []
             self.chunks_queue = cast(
-                # Remove quotes around type when dropping Python < 3.9.
-                "queue.SimpleQueue[Data | None]",
+                queue.SimpleQueue[Data | None],
                 queue.SimpleQueue(),
             )
 
diff --git a/src/websockets/sync/server.py b/src/websockets/sync/server.py
index 1b7cbb4b..464c4a17 100644
--- a/src/websockets/sync/server.py
+++ b/src/websockets/sync/server.py
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@
 import sys
 import threading
 import warnings
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Sequence, Tuple, cast
+from typing import Any, Callable, cast
 
 from ..exceptions import InvalidHeader
 from ..extensions.base import ServerExtensionFactory
@@ -663,9 +664,9 @@ def basic_auth(
 
     if credentials is not None:
         if is_credentials(credentials):
-            credentials_list = [cast(Tuple[str, str], credentials)]
+            credentials_list = [cast(tuple[str, str], credentials)]
         elif isinstance(credentials, Iterable):
-            credentials_list = list(cast(Iterable[Tuple[str, str]], credentials))
+            credentials_list = list(cast(Iterable[tuple[str, str]], credentials))
             if not all(is_credentials(item) for item in credentials_list):
                 raise TypeError(f"invalid credentials argument: {credentials}")
         else:
diff --git a/src/websockets/typing.py b/src/websockets/typing.py
index 447fe79d..0a37141c 100644
--- a/src/websockets/typing.py
+++ b/src/websockets/typing.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import http
 import logging
 import typing
-from typing import Any, List, NewType, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any, NewType, Optional, Union
 
 
 __all__ = [
@@ -56,16 +56,14 @@
 ExtensionName = NewType("ExtensionName", str)
 """Name of a WebSocket extension."""
 
-# Change to tuple[str, Optional[str]] when dropping Python < 3.9.
 # Change to tuple[str, str | None] when dropping Python < 3.10.
-ExtensionParameter = Tuple[str, Optional[str]]
+ExtensionParameter = tuple[str, Optional[str]]
 """Parameter of a WebSocket extension."""
 
 
 # Private types
 
-# Change to tuple[.., list[...]] when dropping Python < 3.9.
-ExtensionHeader = Tuple[ExtensionName, List[ExtensionParameter]]
+ExtensionHeader = tuple[ExtensionName, list[ExtensionParameter]]
 """Extension in a ``Sec-WebSocket-Extensions`` header."""
 
 
diff --git a/tests/asyncio/test_client.py b/tests/asyncio/test_client.py
index 999ef1b7..9354a6e0 100644
--- a/tests/asyncio/test_client.py
+++ b/tests/asyncio/test_client.py
@@ -177,10 +177,6 @@ def process_request(connection, request):
         self.assertEqual(iterations, 5)
         self.assertEqual(successful, 2)
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(
-        hasattr(http.HTTPStatus, "IM_A_TEAPOT"),
-        "test requires Python 3.9",
-    )
     async def test_reconnect_with_custom_process_exception(self):
         """Client runs process_exception to tell if errors are retryable or fatal."""
         iteration = 0
@@ -214,10 +210,6 @@ def process_exception(exc):
             "🫖 💔 ☕️",
         )
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(
-        hasattr(http.HTTPStatus, "IM_A_TEAPOT"),
-        "test requires Python 3.9",
-    )
     async def test_reconnect_with_custom_process_exception_raising_exception(self):
         """Client supports raising an exception in process_exception."""
 
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index cba9b290..0bcec5de 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 [tox]
 env_list =
-    py38
     py39
     py310
     py311