Add getprotobynumber to socket module

[wbooth]

BPO	24809
Nosy	@vstinner, @1st1, @brianphaley
Files	proto.diff

^{Note: these values reflect the state of the issue at the time it was migrated and might not reflect the current state.}

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GitHub fields:

assignee = None
closed_at = <Date 2018-07-31.14:27:56.593>
created_at = <Date 2015-08-06.14:08:39.811>
labels = ['extension-modules', 'type-feature']
title = 'Add getprotobynumber to socket module'
updated_at = <Date 2018-07-31.14:27:56.592>
user = 'https://bugs.python.org/wbooth'

bugs.python.org fields:

activity = <Date 2018-07-31.14:27:56.592>
actor = 'vstinner'
assignee = 'none'
closed = True
closed_date = <Date 2018-07-31.14:27:56.593>
closer = 'vstinner'
components = ['Extension Modules']
creation = <Date 2015-08-06.14:08:39.811>
creator = 'wbooth'
dependencies = []
files = ['40137']
hgrepos = []
issue_num = 24809
keywords = ['patch']
message_count = 5.0
messages = ['248128', '248132', '248136', '322686', '322782']
nosy_count = 4.0
nosy_names = ['vstinner', 'yselivanov', 'wbooth', 'brianphaley']
pr_nums = []
priority = 'normal'
resolution = 'rejected'
stage = 'resolved'
status = 'closed'
superseder = None
type = 'enhancement'
url = 'https://bugs.python.org/issue24809'
versions = ['Python 3.6']

[wbooth]

Add an old method from netdb to python for a best-effort, centerized look up. For the function to work, /etc/protocols would also need to be present. If the protocol doesn't exist OSError is raised.

Patch attached.

[1st1]

What are the use cases?

If it's "(Rarely used.)" (as docstring indicates), then, perhaps, a package on PyPI is a better solution.

[wbooth]

Allow users to translate protocol numbers from IPv4/IPv6 headers to a friendly human readable string.

Just filling a gap in the API. There might be a PyPI package out there similar to socket. However, it's complementary function,'getprotobyname', already exist here. getprotobynumber just flips getprotobyname around.

[brianphaley]

Any chance this will get accepted? I actually have a use case in Openstack where we might get a protocol number and want to save the name along with it. Right now we're looking at using libc getprotoent() directly which isn't that pretty. Thanks!

[vstinner]

I concur with Yury that there is not enough users and use cases needing this feature, so it doesn't deserve to pay the maintenance burden in the standard library. Start with a project on PyPI.