diff --git a/src/common/src/types/mod.rs b/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
index d0e155f784546..2508d90f9632c 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/mod.rs
@@ -443,6 +443,14 @@ impl DataType {
         }
         d
     }
+
+    /// Compares the datatype with another, ignoring nested field names and metadata.
+    pub fn equals_datatype(&self, other: &DataType) -> bool {
+        match (self, other) {
+            (Self::Struct(s1), Self::Struct(s2)) => s1.equals_datatype(s2),
+            _ => self == other,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl From<DataType> for PbDataType {
diff --git a/src/common/src/types/struct_type.rs b/src/common/src/types/struct_type.rs
index 340ffa7857c1d..239f506db8267 100644
--- a/src/common/src/types/struct_type.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/types/struct_type.rs
@@ -117,6 +117,16 @@ impl StructType {
             .chain(std::iter::repeat("").take(self.0.field_types.len() - self.0.field_names.len()))
             .zip_eq_debug(self.0.field_types.iter())
     }
+
+    /// Compares the datatype with another, ignoring nested field names and metadata.
+    pub fn equals_datatype(&self, other: &StructType) -> bool {
+        if self.0.field_types.len() != other.0.field_types.len() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        (self.0.field_types.iter())
+            .zip_eq_fast(other.0.field_types.iter())
+            .all(|(a, b)| a.equals_datatype(b))
+    }
 }
 
 impl Display for StructType {
diff --git a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
index 3bb1583e26224..d0ecf58c3af98 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/expr/expr_udf.rs
@@ -103,6 +103,13 @@ impl UdfExpression {
         };
         let mut array = ArrayImpl::try_from(arrow_array)?;
         array.set_bitmap(array.null_bitmap() & vis);
+        if !array.data_type().equals_datatype(&self.return_type) {
+            bail!(
+                "UDF returned {:?}, but expected {:?}",
+                array.data_type(),
+                self.return_type,
+            );
+        }
         Ok(Arc::new(array))
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs b/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
index 21d3801cce47d..7b0385854c544 100644
--- a/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
+++ b/src/expr/src/table_function/user_defined.rs
@@ -67,9 +67,39 @@ impl UserDefinedTableFunction {
             .await?
         {
             let output = DataChunk::try_from(&res?)?;
+            self.check_output(&output)?;
             yield output;
         }
     }
+
+    /// Check if the output chunk is valid.
+    fn check_output(&self, output: &DataChunk) -> Result<()> {
+        if output.columns().len() != 2 {
+            bail!(
+                "UDF returned {} columns, but expected 2",
+                output.columns().len()
+            );
+        }
+        if output.column_at(0).data_type() != DataType::Int32 {
+            bail!(
+                "UDF returned {:?} at column 0, but expected {:?}",
+                output.column_at(0).data_type(),
+                DataType::Int32,
+            );
+        }
+        if !output
+            .column_at(1)
+            .data_type()
+            .equals_datatype(&self.return_type)
+        {
+            bail!(
+                "UDF returned {:?} at column 1, but expected {:?}",
+                output.column_at(1).data_type(),
+                &self.return_type,
+            );
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(madsim))]