diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/expect_actual.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/expect_actual.rb
index 43bf1e7a6..7a15aa25d 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/expect_actual.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/expect_actual.rb
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ def simple_literal?(node)
 
         def complex_literal?(node)
           COMPLEX_LITERALS.include?(node.type) &&
-            node.each_child_node.all? { literal?(_1) }
+            node.each_child_node.all? { |child_node| literal?(child_node) }
         end
       end
     end
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/file_path.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/file_path.rb
index 09ca463fe..d0cbdf095 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/file_path.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/file_path.rb
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ def ensure_correct_file_path(send_node, example_group, arguments)
         end
 
         def routing_spec?(args)
-          args.any? { routing_metadata?(_1) } || routing_spec_path?
+          args.any? { |arg| routing_metadata?(arg) } || routing_spec_path?
         end
 
         def pattern_for(example_group, arguments)
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/leaky_constant_declaration.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/leaky_constant_declaration.rb
index 0591930aa..907b97dea 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/leaky_constant_declaration.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/leaky_constant_declaration.rb
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ def on_module(node)
         private
 
         def inside_describe_block?(node)
-          node.each_ancestor(:block).any? { spec_group?(_1) }
+          node.each_ancestor(:block).any? { |ancestor| spec_group?(ancestor) }
         end
       end
     end
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/multiple_describes.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/multiple_describes.rb
index 43ff656a8..69199a592 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/multiple_describes.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/multiple_describes.rb
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class MultipleDescribes < Base
 
         def on_top_level_group(node)
           top_level_example_groups =
-            top_level_groups.select { example_group?(_1) }
+            top_level_groups.select { |group| example_group?(group) }
 
           return if top_level_example_groups.one?
           return unless top_level_example_groups.first.equal?(node)
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/multiple_memoized_helpers.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/multiple_memoized_helpers.rb
index b30beeec7..e386c5c68 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/multiple_memoized_helpers.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/multiple_memoized_helpers.rb
@@ -108,10 +108,8 @@ def on_new_investigation
         attr_reader :example_group_memoized_helpers
 
         def all_helpers(node)
-          [
-            *helpers(node),
-            *node.each_ancestor(:block).flat_map { helpers(_1) }
-          ]
+          helpers(node) +
+            node.each_ancestor(:block).flat_map { |ancestor| helpers(ancestor) }
         end
 
         def helpers(node)
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/named_subject.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/named_subject.rb
index 6bab5683b..f69480051 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/named_subject.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/named_subject.rb
@@ -107,8 +107,11 @@ def on_block(node) # rubocop:disable InternalAffairs/NumblockHandler
         private
 
         def ignored_shared_example?(node)
-          cop_config['IgnoreSharedExamples'] &&
-            node.each_ancestor(:block).any? { shared_example?(_1) }
+          return false unless cop_config['IgnoreSharedExamples']
+
+          node.each_ancestor(:block).any? do |ancestor|
+            shared_example?(ancestor)
+          end
         end
 
         def check_explicit_subject(node)
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/subject_stub.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/subject_stub.rb
index 415f031a3..273e4fea9 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/subject_stub.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/subject_stub.rb
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ class SubjectStub < Base
         PATTERN
 
         def on_top_level_group(node)
-          @explicit_subjects = find_all_explicit(node) { subject?(_1) }
-          @subject_overrides = find_all_explicit(node) { let?(_1) }
+          @explicit_subjects = find_all_explicit(node) { |n| subject?(n) }
+          @subject_overrides = find_all_explicit(node) { |n| let?(n) }
 
           find_subject_expectations(node) do |stub|
             add_offense(stub)
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/rspec/shared_contexts/default_rspec_language_config_context.rb b/lib/rubocop/rspec/shared_contexts/default_rspec_language_config_context.rb
index 9efbc24b5..f130fdb4d 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/rspec/shared_contexts/default_rspec_language_config_context.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/rspec/shared_contexts/default_rspec_language_config_context.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def deep_dup(object)
     when Array
       object.map { |item| deep_dup(item) }
     when Hash
-      object.transform_values { deep_dup(_1) }
+      object.transform_values { |value| deep_dup(value) }
     else
       object # only collections undergo modifications and need duping
     end
diff --git a/spec/spec_helper.rb b/spec/spec_helper.rb
index bca7a9197..b39d1e6fe 100644
--- a/spec/spec_helper.rb
+++ b/spec/spec_helper.rb
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ module SpecHelper
 Dir
   .glob(File.expand_path(spec_helper_glob, __dir__))
   .sort
-  .each { require(_1) }
+  .each { |path| require path }
 
 RSpec.configure do |config|
   # Set metadata so smoke tests are run on all cop specs