diff --git a/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs b/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs
index b763f5b317f..1995501b6cc 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ fn build_base_args<'a, 'cfg>(
             let exe_path = cx
                 .files()
                 .bin_link_for_target(bin_target, unit.kind, cx.bcx)?;
-            let key = format!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_{}", bin_target.crate_name().to_uppercase());
+            let key = format!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_{}", bin_target.name());
             cmd.env(&key, exe_path);
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/doc/src/reference/environment-variables.md b/src/doc/src/reference/environment-variables.md
index c99f708e236..6ba68c6ae7a 100644
--- a/src/doc/src/reference/environment-variables.md
+++ b/src/doc/src/reference/environment-variables.md
@@ -190,9 +190,10 @@ let version = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
 * `CARGO_BIN_EXE_<name>` — The absolute path to a binary target's executable.
   This is only set when building an [integration test] or benchmark. This may
   be used with the [`env` macro] to find the executable to run for testing
-  purposes. The `<name>` is the name of the binary converted to uppercase, and
-  `-` converted to `_`. Binaries are automatically built when the test is
-  built, unless the binary has required features that are not enabled.
+  purposes. The `<name>` is the name of the binary target, exactly as-is. For
+  example, `CARGO_BIN_EXE_my-program` for a binary named `my-program`.
+  Binaries are automatically built when the test is built, unless the binary
+  has required features that are not enabled.
 
 [integration test]: manifest.md#integration-tests
 [`env` macro]: ../../std/macro.env.html
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/test.rs b/tests/testsuite/test.rs
index c685b51ce8c..9d356bc92fe 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/test.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/test.rs
@@ -4029,9 +4029,9 @@ fn bin_env_for_test() {
         &r#"
             #[test]
             fn run_bins() {
-                assert_eq!(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_FOO"), "<FOO_PATH>");
-                assert_eq!(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_WITH_DASH"), "<WITH_DASH_PATH>");
-                assert_eq!(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_GRÜSSEN"), "<GRÜSSEN_PATH>");
+                assert_eq!(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_foo"), "<FOO_PATH>");
+                assert_eq!(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_with-dash"), "<WITH_DASH_PATH>");
+                assert_eq!(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_grüßen"), "<GRÜSSEN_PATH>");
             }
         "#
         .replace("<FOO_PATH>", &bin_path("foo"))