diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
index 9a0c379b4e44d..95e72184ff037 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ use super::command::Command;
 use super::linker::{self, Linker};
 use super::metadata::{create_rmeta_file, MetadataPosition};
 use super::rpath::{self, RPathConfig};
-use crate::{looks_like_rust_object_file, CodegenResults, CompiledModule, CrateInfo, NativeLib};
+use crate::{
+    errors, looks_like_rust_object_file, CodegenResults, CompiledModule, CrateInfo, NativeLib,
+};
 
 use cc::windows_registry;
 use regex::Regex;
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ pub fn link_binary<'a>(
             let tmpdir = TempFileBuilder::new()
                 .prefix("rustc")
                 .tempdir()
-                .unwrap_or_else(|err| sess.fatal(&format!("couldn't create a temp dir: {}", err)));
+                .unwrap_or_else(|error| sess.emit_fatal(errors::CreateTempDir { error }));
             let path = MaybeTempDir::new(tmpdir, sess.opts.cg.save_temps);
             let out_filename = out_filename(
                 sess,
@@ -208,7 +210,7 @@ pub fn link_binary<'a>(
 pub fn each_linked_rlib(
     info: &CrateInfo,
     f: &mut dyn FnMut(CrateNum, &Path),
-) -> Result<(), String> {
+) -> Result<(), errors::LinkRlibError> {
     let crates = info.used_crates.iter();
     let mut fmts = None;
     for (ty, list) in info.dependency_formats.iter() {
@@ -224,26 +226,23 @@ pub fn each_linked_rlib(
         }
     }
     let Some(fmts) = fmts else {
-        return Err("could not find formats for rlibs".to_string());
+        return Err(errors::LinkRlibError::MissingFormat);
     };
     for &cnum in crates {
         match fmts.get(cnum.as_usize() - 1) {
             Some(&Linkage::NotLinked | &Linkage::IncludedFromDylib) => continue,
             Some(_) => {}
-            None => return Err("could not find formats for rlibs".to_string()),
+            None => return Err(errors::LinkRlibError::MissingFormat),
         }
-        let name = info.crate_name[&cnum];
+        let crate_name = info.crate_name[&cnum];
         let used_crate_source = &info.used_crate_source[&cnum];
         if let Some((path, _)) = &used_crate_source.rlib {
             f(cnum, &path);
         } else {
             if used_crate_source.rmeta.is_some() {
-                return Err(format!(
-                    "could not find rlib for: `{}`, found rmeta (metadata) file",
-                    name
-                ));
+                return Err(errors::LinkRlibError::OnlyRmetaFound { crate_name });
             } else {
-                return Err(format!("could not find rlib for: `{}`", name));
+                return Err(errors::LinkRlibError::NotFound { crate_name });
             }
         }
     }
@@ -340,10 +339,7 @@ fn link_rlib<'a>(
                 // -whole-archive and it isn't clear how we can currently handle such a
                 // situation correctly.
                 // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/88085#issuecomment-901050897
-                sess.err(
-                    "the linking modifiers `+bundle` and `+whole-archive` are not compatible \
-                        with each other when generating rlibs",
-                );
+                sess.emit_err(errors::IncompatibleLinkingModifiers);
             }
             NativeLibKind::Static { bundle: None | Some(true), .. } => {}
             NativeLibKind::Static { bundle: Some(false), .. }
@@ -365,12 +361,8 @@ fn link_rlib<'a>(
                 ));
                 continue;
             }
-            ab.add_archive(&location, Box::new(|_| false)).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-                sess.fatal(&format!(
-                    "failed to add native library {}: {}",
-                    location.to_string_lossy(),
-                    e
-                ));
+            ab.add_archive(&location, Box::new(|_| false)).unwrap_or_else(|error| {
+                sess.emit_fatal(errors::AddNativeLibrary { library_path: location, error });
             });
         }
     }
@@ -385,8 +377,8 @@ fn link_rlib<'a>(
             tmpdir.as_ref(),
         );
 
-        ab.add_archive(&output_path, Box::new(|_| false)).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-            sess.fatal(&format!("failed to add native library {}: {}", output_path.display(), e));
+        ab.add_archive(&output_path, Box::new(|_| false)).unwrap_or_else(|error| {
+            sess.emit_fatal(errors::AddNativeLibrary { library_path: output_path, error });
         });
     }
 
@@ -451,14 +443,11 @@ fn collate_raw_dylibs(
                     // FIXME: when we add support for ordinals, figure out if we need to do anything
                     // if we have two DllImport values with the same name but different ordinals.
                     if import.calling_convention != old_import.calling_convention {
-                        sess.span_err(
-                            import.span,
-                            &format!(
-                                "multiple declarations of external function `{}` from \
-                                 library `{}` have different calling conventions",
-                                import.name, name,
-                            ),
-                        );
+                        sess.emit_err(errors::MultipleExternalFuncDecl {
+                            span: import.span,
+                            function: import.name,
+                            library_name: &name,
+                        });
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -560,7 +549,7 @@ fn link_staticlib<'a>(
         all_native_libs.extend(codegen_results.crate_info.native_libraries[&cnum].iter().cloned());
     });
     if let Err(e) = res {
-        sess.fatal(&e);
+        sess.emit_fatal(e);
     }
 
     ab.build(out_filename);
@@ -673,9 +662,7 @@ fn link_dwarf_object<'a>(
     }) {
         Ok(()) => {}
         Err(e) => {
-            sess.struct_err("linking dwarf objects with thorin failed")
-                .note(&format!("{:?}", e))
-                .emit();
+            sess.emit_err(errors::ThorinErrorWrapper(e));
             sess.abort_if_errors();
         }
     }
@@ -879,23 +866,14 @@ fn link_natively<'a>(
                 let mut output = prog.stderr.clone();
                 output.extend_from_slice(&prog.stdout);
                 let escaped_output = escape_string(&output);
-                let mut err = sess.struct_err(&format!(
-                    "linking with `{}` failed: {}",
-                    linker_path.display(),
-                    prog.status
-                ));
-                err.note(&format!("{:?}", &cmd)).note(&escaped_output);
-                if escaped_output.contains("undefined reference to") {
-                    err.help(
-                        "some `extern` functions couldn't be found; some native libraries may \
-                         need to be installed or have their path specified",
-                    );
-                    err.note("use the `-l` flag to specify native libraries to link");
-                    err.note("use the `cargo:rustc-link-lib` directive to specify the native \
-                              libraries to link with Cargo (see https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html#cargorustc-link-libkindname)");
-                }
-                err.emit();
-
+                // FIXME: Add UI tests for this error.
+                let err = errors::LinkingFailed {
+                    linker_path: &linker_path,
+                    exit_status: prog.status,
+                    command: &cmd,
+                    escaped_output: &escaped_output,
+                };
+                sess.diagnostic().emit_err(err);
                 // If MSVC's `link.exe` was expected but the return code
                 // is not a Microsoft LNK error then suggest a way to fix or
                 // install the Visual Studio build tools.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs
index c71d332475a5f..bad22ccb1fedd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use super::command::Command;
 use super::symbol_export;
+use crate::errors;
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 
 use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
@@ -434,11 +435,11 @@ impl<'a> Linker for GccLinker<'a> {
                 // FIXME(81490): ld64 doesn't support these flags but macOS 11
                 // has -needed-l{} / -needed_library {}
                 // but we have no way to detect that here.
-                self.sess.warn("`as-needed` modifier not implemented yet for ld64");
+                self.sess.emit_warning(errors::Ld64UnimplementedModifier);
             } else if self.is_gnu && !self.sess.target.is_like_windows {
                 self.linker_arg("--no-as-needed");
             } else {
-                self.sess.warn("`as-needed` modifier not supported for current linker");
+                self.sess.emit_warning(errors::LinkerUnsupportedModifier);
             }
         }
         self.hint_dynamic();
@@ -492,7 +493,7 @@ impl<'a> Linker for GccLinker<'a> {
             // FIXME(81490): ld64 as of macOS 11 supports the -needed_framework
             // flag but we have no way to detect that here.
             // self.cmd.arg("-needed_framework").arg(framework);
-            self.sess.warn("`as-needed` modifier not implemented yet for ld64");
+            self.sess.emit_warning(errors::Ld64UnimplementedModifier);
         }
         self.cmd.arg("-framework").arg(framework);
     }
@@ -665,8 +666,8 @@ impl<'a> Linker for GccLinker<'a> {
                     writeln!(f, "_{}", sym)?;
                 }
             };
-            if let Err(e) = res {
-                self.sess.fatal(&format!("failed to write lib.def file: {}", e));
+            if let Err(error) = res {
+                self.sess.emit_fatal(errors::LibDefWriteFailure { error });
             }
         } else if is_windows {
             let res: io::Result<()> = try {
@@ -680,8 +681,8 @@ impl<'a> Linker for GccLinker<'a> {
                     writeln!(f, "  {}", symbol)?;
                 }
             };
-            if let Err(e) = res {
-                self.sess.fatal(&format!("failed to write list.def file: {}", e));
+            if let Err(error) = res {
+                self.sess.emit_fatal(errors::LibDefWriteFailure { error });
             }
         } else {
             // Write an LD version script
@@ -697,8 +698,8 @@ impl<'a> Linker for GccLinker<'a> {
                 }
                 writeln!(f, "\n  local:\n    *;\n}};")?;
             };
-            if let Err(e) = res {
-                self.sess.fatal(&format!("failed to write version script: {}", e));
+            if let Err(error) = res {
+                self.sess.emit_fatal(errors::VersionScriptWriteFailure { error });
             }
         }
 
@@ -915,9 +916,8 @@ impl<'a> Linker for MsvcLinker<'a> {
                                     self.cmd.arg(arg);
                                 }
                             }
-                            Err(err) => {
-                                self.sess
-                                    .warn(&format!("error enumerating natvis directory: {}", err));
+                            Err(error) => {
+                                self.sess.emit_warning(errors::NoNatvisDirectory { error });
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -971,8 +971,8 @@ impl<'a> Linker for MsvcLinker<'a> {
                 writeln!(f, "  {}", symbol)?;
             }
         };
-        if let Err(e) = res {
-            self.sess.fatal(&format!("failed to write lib.def file: {}", e));
+        if let Err(error) = res {
+            self.sess.emit_fatal(errors::LibDefWriteFailure { error });
         }
         let mut arg = OsString::from("/DEF:");
         arg.push(path);
@@ -1435,7 +1435,7 @@ impl<'a> Linker for L4Bender<'a> {
 
     fn export_symbols(&mut self, _: &Path, _: CrateType, _: &[String]) {
         // ToDo, not implemented, copy from GCC
-        self.sess.warn("exporting symbols not implemented yet for L4Bender");
+        self.sess.emit_warning(errors::L4BenderExportingSymbolsUnimplemented);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1727,8 +1727,8 @@ impl<'a> Linker for BpfLinker<'a> {
                 writeln!(f, "{}", sym)?;
             }
         };
-        if let Err(e) = res {
-            self.sess.fatal(&format!("failed to write symbols file: {}", e));
+        if let Err(error) = res {
+            self.sess.emit_fatal(errors::SymbolFileWriteFailure { error });
         } else {
             self.cmd.arg("--export-symbols").arg(&path);
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs
index 6188094bbbdd4..1f577e9f3524f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ use super::link::{self, ensure_removed};
 use super::lto::{self, SerializedModule};
 use super::symbol_export::symbol_name_for_instance_in_crate;
 
+use crate::errors;
+use crate::traits::*;
 use crate::{
     CachedModuleCodegen, CodegenResults, CompiledModule, CrateInfo, ModuleCodegen, ModuleKind,
 };
-
-use crate::traits::*;
 use jobserver::{Acquired, Client};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_data_structures::memmap::Mmap;
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ fn produce_final_output_artifacts(
     // Produce final compile outputs.
     let copy_gracefully = |from: &Path, to: &Path| {
         if let Err(e) = fs::copy(from, to) {
-            sess.err(&format!("could not copy {:?} to {:?}: {}", from, to, e));
+            sess.emit_err(errors::CopyPath::new(from, to, e));
         }
     };
 
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ fn produce_final_output_artifacts(
                 ensure_removed(sess.diagnostic(), &path);
             }
         } else {
-            let ext = crate_output
+            let extension = crate_output
                 .temp_path(output_type, None)
                 .extension()
                 .unwrap()
@@ -557,19 +557,11 @@ fn produce_final_output_artifacts(
             if crate_output.outputs.contains_key(&output_type) {
                 // 2) Multiple codegen units, with `--emit foo=some_name`.  We have
                 //    no good solution for this case, so warn the user.
-                sess.warn(&format!(
-                    "ignoring emit path because multiple .{} files \
-                                    were produced",
-                    ext
-                ));
+                sess.emit_warning(errors::IgnoringEmitPath { extension });
             } else if crate_output.single_output_file.is_some() {
                 // 3) Multiple codegen units, with `-o some_name`.  We have
                 //    no good solution for this case, so warn the user.
-                sess.warn(&format!(
-                    "ignoring -o because multiple .{} files \
-                                    were produced",
-                    ext
-                ));
+                sess.emit_warning(errors::IgnoringOutput { extension });
             } else {
                 // 4) Multiple codegen units, but no explicit name.  We
                 //    just leave the `foo.0.x` files in place.
@@ -880,14 +872,12 @@ fn execute_copy_from_cache_work_item<B: ExtraBackendMethods>(
         );
         match link_or_copy(&source_file, &output_path) {
             Ok(_) => Some(output_path),
-            Err(err) => {
-                let diag_handler = cgcx.create_diag_handler();
-                diag_handler.err(&format!(
-                    "unable to copy {} to {}: {}",
-                    source_file.display(),
-                    output_path.display(),
-                    err
-                ));
+            Err(error) => {
+                cgcx.create_diag_handler().emit_err(errors::CopyPathBuf {
+                    source_file,
+                    output_path,
+                    error,
+                });
                 None
             }
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/errors.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0ffe887202261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/errors.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+//! Errors emitted by codegen_ssa
+
+use crate::back::command::Command;
+use rustc_errors::{
+    fluent, DiagnosticArgValue, DiagnosticBuilder, ErrorGuaranteed, Handler, IntoDiagnostic,
+    IntoDiagnosticArg,
+};
+use rustc_macros::Diagnostic;
+use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::io::Error;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process::ExitStatus;
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::lib_def_write_failure)]
+pub struct LibDefWriteFailure {
+    pub error: Error,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::version_script_write_failure)]
+pub struct VersionScriptWriteFailure {
+    pub error: Error,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::symbol_file_write_failure)]
+pub struct SymbolFileWriteFailure {
+    pub error: Error,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::ld64_unimplemented_modifier)]
+pub struct Ld64UnimplementedModifier;
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::linker_unsupported_modifier)]
+pub struct LinkerUnsupportedModifier;
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::L4Bender_exporting_symbols_unimplemented)]
+pub struct L4BenderExportingSymbolsUnimplemented;
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::no_natvis_directory)]
+pub struct NoNatvisDirectory {
+    pub error: Error,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::copy_path_buf)]
+pub struct CopyPathBuf {
+    pub source_file: PathBuf,
+    pub output_path: PathBuf,
+    pub error: Error,
+}
+
+// Reports Paths using `Debug` implementation rather than Path's `Display` implementation.
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::copy_path)]
+pub struct CopyPath<'a> {
+    from: DebugArgPath<'a>,
+    to: DebugArgPath<'a>,
+    error: Error,
+}
+
+impl<'a> CopyPath<'a> {
+    pub fn new(from: &'a Path, to: &'a Path, error: Error) -> CopyPath<'a> {
+        CopyPath { from: DebugArgPath(from), to: DebugArgPath(to), error }
+    }
+}
+
+struct DebugArgPath<'a>(pub &'a Path);
+
+impl IntoDiagnosticArg for DebugArgPath<'_> {
+    fn into_diagnostic_arg(self) -> rustc_errors::DiagnosticArgValue<'static> {
+        DiagnosticArgValue::Str(Cow::Owned(format!("{:?}", self.0)))
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::ignoring_emit_path)]
+pub struct IgnoringEmitPath {
+    pub extension: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::ignoring_output)]
+pub struct IgnoringOutput {
+    pub extension: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::create_temp_dir)]
+pub struct CreateTempDir {
+    pub error: Error,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::incompatible_linking_modifiers)]
+pub struct IncompatibleLinkingModifiers;
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::add_native_library)]
+pub struct AddNativeLibrary {
+    pub library_path: PathBuf,
+    pub error: Error,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(codegen_ssa::multiple_external_func_decl)]
+pub struct MultipleExternalFuncDecl<'a> {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub function: Symbol,
+    pub library_name: &'a str,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+pub enum LinkRlibError {
+    #[diag(codegen_ssa::rlib_missing_format)]
+    MissingFormat,
+
+    #[diag(codegen_ssa::rlib_only_rmeta_found)]
+    OnlyRmetaFound { crate_name: Symbol },
+
+    #[diag(codegen_ssa::rlib_not_found)]
+    NotFound { crate_name: Symbol },
+}
+
+pub struct ThorinErrorWrapper(pub thorin::Error);
+
+impl IntoDiagnostic<'_> for ThorinErrorWrapper {
+    fn into_diagnostic(self, handler: &Handler) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'_, ErrorGuaranteed> {
+        let mut diag;
+        match self.0 {
+            thorin::Error::ReadInput(_) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_read_input_failure);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::ParseFileKind(_) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_parse_input_file_kind);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::ParseObjectFile(_) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_parse_input_object_file);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::ParseArchiveFile(_) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_parse_input_archive_file);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::ParseArchiveMember(_) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_parse_archive_member);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::InvalidInputKind => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_invalid_input_kind);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::DecompressData(_) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_decompress_data);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::NamelessSection(_, offset) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_section_without_name);
+                diag.set_arg("offset", format!("0x{:08x}", offset));
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::RelocationWithInvalidSymbol(section, offset) => {
+                diag =
+                    handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_relocation_with_invalid_symbol);
+                diag.set_arg("section", section);
+                diag.set_arg("offset", format!("0x{:08x}", offset));
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::MultipleRelocations(section, offset) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_multiple_relocations);
+                diag.set_arg("section", section);
+                diag.set_arg("offset", format!("0x{:08x}", offset));
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::UnsupportedRelocation(section, offset) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_unsupported_relocation);
+                diag.set_arg("section", section);
+                diag.set_arg("offset", format!("0x{:08x}", offset));
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::MissingDwoName(id) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_missing_dwo_name);
+                diag.set_arg("id", format!("0x{:08x}", id));
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::NoCompilationUnits => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_no_compilation_units);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::NoDie => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_no_die);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::TopLevelDieNotUnit => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_top_level_die_not_unit);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::MissingRequiredSection(section) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_missing_required_section);
+                diag.set_arg("section", section);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::ParseUnitAbbreviations(_) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_parse_unit_abbreviations);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::ParseUnitAttribute(_) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_parse_unit_attribute);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::ParseUnitHeader(_) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_parse_unit_header);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::ParseUnit(_) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_parse_unit);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::IncompatibleIndexVersion(section, format, actual) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_incompatible_index_version);
+                diag.set_arg("section", section);
+                diag.set_arg("actual", actual);
+                diag.set_arg("format", format);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::OffsetAtIndex(_, index) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_offset_at_index);
+                diag.set_arg("index", index);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::StrAtOffset(_, offset) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_str_at_offset);
+                diag.set_arg("offset", format!("0x{:08x}", offset));
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::ParseIndex(_, section) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_parse_index);
+                diag.set_arg("section", section);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::UnitNotInIndex(unit) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_unit_not_in_index);
+                diag.set_arg("unit", format!("0x{:08x}", unit));
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::RowNotInIndex(_, row) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_row_not_in_index);
+                diag.set_arg("row", row);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::SectionNotInRow => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_section_not_in_row);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::EmptyUnit(unit) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_empty_unit);
+                diag.set_arg("unit", format!("0x{:08x}", unit));
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::MultipleDebugInfoSection => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_multiple_debug_info_section);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::MultipleDebugTypesSection => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_multiple_debug_types_section);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::NotSplitUnit => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_not_split_unit);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::DuplicateUnit(unit) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_duplicate_unit);
+                diag.set_arg("unit", format!("0x{:08x}", unit));
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::MissingReferencedUnit(unit) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_missing_referenced_unit);
+                diag.set_arg("unit", format!("0x{:08x}", unit));
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::NoOutputObjectCreated => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_not_output_object_created);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::MixedInputEncodings => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_mixed_input_encodings);
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::Io(e) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_io);
+                diag.set_arg("error", format!("{e}"));
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::ObjectRead(e) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_object_read);
+                diag.set_arg("error", format!("{e}"));
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::ObjectWrite(e) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_object_write);
+                diag.set_arg("error", format!("{e}"));
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::GimliRead(e) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_gimli_read);
+                diag.set_arg("error", format!("{e}"));
+                diag
+            }
+            thorin::Error::GimliWrite(e) => {
+                diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::thorin_gimli_write);
+                diag.set_arg("error", format!("{e}"));
+                diag
+            }
+            _ => unimplemented!("Untranslated thorin error"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct LinkingFailed<'a> {
+    pub linker_path: &'a PathBuf,
+    pub exit_status: ExitStatus,
+    pub command: &'a Command,
+    pub escaped_output: &'a str,
+}
+
+impl IntoDiagnostic<'_> for LinkingFailed<'_> {
+    fn into_diagnostic(self, handler: &Handler) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'_, ErrorGuaranteed> {
+        let mut diag = handler.struct_err(fluent::codegen_ssa::linking_failed);
+        diag.set_arg("linker_path", format!("{}", self.linker_path.display()));
+        diag.set_arg("exit_status", format!("{}", self.exit_status));
+
+        diag.note(format!("{:?}", self.command)).note(self.escaped_output);
+
+        // Trying to match an error from OS linkers
+        // which by now we have no way to translate.
+        if self.escaped_output.contains("undefined reference to") {
+            diag.note(fluent::codegen_ssa::extern_funcs_not_found)
+                .note(fluent::codegen_ssa::specify_libraries_to_link)
+                .note(fluent::codegen_ssa::use_cargo_directive);
+        }
+        diag
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs
index 3ef9a634e1857..ceebe4d417f7d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #![feature(strict_provenance)]
 #![feature(int_roundings)]
 #![feature(if_let_guard)]
+#![feature(never_type)]
 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
 #![allow(rustc::potential_query_instability)]
 
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ pub mod base;
 pub mod common;
 pub mod coverageinfo;
 pub mod debuginfo;
+pub mod errors;
 pub mod glue;
 pub mod meth;
 pub mod mir;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_error_messages/locales/en-US/codegen_ssa.ftl b/compiler/rustc_error_messages/locales/en-US/codegen_ssa.ftl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0d0388a039e2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_error_messages/locales/en-US/codegen_ssa.ftl
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+codegen_ssa_lib_def_write_failure = failed to write lib.def file: {$error}
+
+codegen_ssa_version_script_write_failure = failed to write version script: {$error}
+
+codegen_ssa_symbol_file_write_failure = failed to write symbols file: {$error}
+
+codegen_ssa_ld64_unimplemented_modifier = `as-needed` modifier not implemented yet for ld64
+
+codegen_ssa_linker_unsupported_modifier = `as-needed` modifier not supported for current linker
+
+codegen_ssa_L4Bender_exporting_symbols_unimplemented = exporting symbols not implemented yet for L4Bender
+
+codegen_ssa_no_natvis_directory = error enumerating natvis directory: {$error}
+
+codegen_ssa_copy_path = could not copy {$from} to {$to}: {$error}
+
+codegen_ssa_copy_path_buf = unable to copy {$source_file} to {$output_path}: {$error}
+
+codegen_ssa_ignoring_emit_path = ignoring emit path because multiple .{$extension} files were produced
+
+codegen_ssa_ignoring_output = ignoring -o because multiple .{$extension} files were produced
+
+codegen_ssa_create_temp_dir = couldn't create a temp dir: {$error}
+
+codegen_ssa_incompatible_linking_modifiers = the linking modifiers `+bundle` and `+whole-archive` are not compatible with each other when generating rlibs
+
+codegen_ssa_add_native_library = failed to add native library {$library_path}: {$error}
+
+codegen_ssa_multiple_external_func_decl = multiple declarations of external function `{$function}` from library `{$library_name}` have different calling conventions
+
+codegen_ssa_rlib_missing_format = could not find formats for rlibs
+
+codegen_ssa_rlib_only_rmeta_found = could not find rlib for: `{$crate_name}`, found rmeta (metadata) file
+
+codegen_ssa_rlib_not_found = could not find rlib for: `{$crate_name}`
+
+codegen_ssa_linking_failed = linking with `{$linker_path}` failed: {$exit_status}
+
+codegen_ssa_extern_funcs_not_found = some `extern` functions couldn't be found; some native libraries may need to be installed or have their path specified
+
+codegen_ssa_specify_libraries_to_link = use the `-l` flag to specify native libraries to link
+
+codegen_ssa_use_cargo_directive = use the `cargo:rustc-link-lib` directive to specify the native libraries to link with Cargo (see https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html#cargorustc-link-libkindname)
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_read_input_failure = failed to read input file
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_input_file_kind = failed to parse input file kind
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_input_object_file = failed to parse input object file
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_input_archive_file = failed to parse input archive file
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_archive_member = failed to parse archive member
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_invalid_input_kind = input is not an archive or elf object
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_decompress_data = failed to decompress compressed section
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_section_without_name = section without name at offset {$offset}
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_relocation_with_invalid_symbol = relocation with invalid symbol for section `{$section}` at offset {$offset}
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_multiple_relocations = multiple relocations for section `{$section}` at offset {$offset}
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_unsupported_relocation = unsupported relocation for section {$section} at offset {$offset}
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_missing_dwo_name = missing path attribute to DWARF object ({$id})
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_no_compilation_units = input object has no compilation units
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_no_die = no top-level debugging information entry in compilation/type unit
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_top_level_die_not_unit = top-level debugging information entry is not a compilation/type unit
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_missing_required_section = input object missing required section `{$section}`
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_unit_abbreviations = failed to parse unit abbreviations
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_unit_attribute = failed to parse unit attribute
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_unit_header = failed to parse unit header
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_unit = failed to parse unit
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_incompatible_index_version = incompatible `{$section}` index version: found version {$actual}, expected version {$format}
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_offset_at_index = read offset at index {$index} of `.debug_str_offsets.dwo` section
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_str_at_offset = read string at offset {$offset} of `.debug_str.dwo` section
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_index = failed to parse `{$section}` index section
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_unit_not_in_index = unit {$unit} from input package is not in its index
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_row_not_in_index = row {$row} found in index's hash table not present in index
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_section_not_in_row = section not found in unit's row in index
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_empty_unit = unit {$unit} in input DWARF object with no data
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_multiple_debug_info_section = multiple `.debug_info.dwo` sections
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_multiple_debug_types_section = multiple `.debug_types.dwo` sections in a package
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_not_split_unit = regular compilation unit in object (missing dwo identifier)
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_duplicate_unit = duplicate split compilation unit ({$unit})
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_missing_referenced_unit = unit {$unit} referenced by executable was not found
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_not_output_object_created = no output object was created from inputs
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_mixed_input_encodings = input objects haved mixed encodings
+
+codegen_ssa_thorin_io = {$error}
+codegen_ssa_thorin_object_read = {$error}
+codegen_ssa_thorin_object_write = {$error}
+codegen_ssa_thorin_gimli_read = {$error}
+codegen_ssa_thorin_gimli_write = {$error}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_error_messages/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_error_messages/src/lib.rs
index 18be60975e4eb..77f87d5b007e3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_error_messages/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_error_messages/src/lib.rs
@@ -40,9 +40,10 @@ fluent_messages! {
     attr => "../locales/en-US/attr.ftl",
     borrowck => "../locales/en-US/borrowck.ftl",
     builtin_macros => "../locales/en-US/builtin_macros.ftl",
+    codegen_gcc => "../locales/en-US/codegen_gcc.ftl",
+    codegen_ssa => "../locales/en-US/codegen_ssa.ftl",
     compiletest => "../locales/en-US/compiletest.ftl",
     const_eval => "../locales/en-US/const_eval.ftl",
-    codegen_gcc => "../locales/en-US/codegen_gcc.ftl",
     driver => "../locales/en-US/driver.ftl",
     expand => "../locales/en-US/expand.ftl",
     hir_analysis => "../locales/en-US/hir_analysis.ftl",