gcc, gfortran: Update to 13.2.0; remove debian-buster-gcc_spkg from CI

[mkoeppe]

• Fixes gfortran doesn't build on latest OS X + Xcode + Homebrew #38006 @jhpalmieri
• gcc does not build on debian-buster (which we supported via -gcc_spkg because it is LTS until 2024-06), so we drop this platform now; see Meta-ticket: Remove support for outdated distros #32074.

📝 Checklist

• The title is concise and informative.
• The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
• I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
• I have created tests covering the changes.
• I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation preview.

⌛ Dependencies

• Depends on sage-bootstrap: update cryptographic hashes #37726 (merged here to resolve merge conflict)

[mkoeppe]

Testing (ci-37203-37834-37919-37931-38008-38009) at https://github.com/mkoeppe/sage/actions/runs/9105145243 (Linux), https://github.com/mkoeppe/sage/actions/runs/9105145246 (macOS)

[github-actions]

Documentation preview for this PR (built with commit 4187f5c; changes) is ready! 🎉
This preview will update shortly after each push to this PR.

[mkoeppe]

gcc build fails on standard-pre / linux (debian-buster-gcc_spkg, standard)

[jhpalmieri]

I'm confused: which parts of this PR remove debian-buster-gcc_spkg from the CI?

[mkoeppe]

... the part that I forgot to commit ...

[mkoeppe]

Here it is.

[jhpalmieri]

On an Apple Silicon machine, latest OS and Xcode and homebrew, gfortran builds and works fine. Using ./configure --with-system-gcc=no, several packages fail to build: lcalc, givaro, ppl, with errors:

[spkg-build] Undefined symbols for architecture arm64:
[spkg-build]   "___emutls_v.avma", referenced from:
[spkg-build]       _rdiviiz in libLfunction.1.0.1.dylib-master.o
[spkg-build]       _cxcompotor.constprop.0 in libLfunction.1.0.1.dylib-master.o
[spkg-build]       _gtofp.constprop.0 in libLfunction.1.0.1.dylib-master.o
[spkg-build]       __Z6data_EPcS_S_S_S_iPd in libLfunction.1.0.1.dylib-master.o
[spkg-build]   "___emutls_v.pari_mainstack", referenced from:
[spkg-build]       _cxcompotor.constprop.0 in libLfunction.1.0.1.dylib-master.o
[spkg-build]       _gtofp.constprop.0 in libLfunction.1.0.1.dylib-master.o
[spkg-build]       __Z6data_EPcS_S_S_S_iPd in libLfunction.1.0.1.dylib-master.o
[spkg-build] ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture arm64

and

[spkg-install] Undefined symbols for architecture arm64:
[spkg-install]   "__ZlsRSoPK12__mpz_struct", referenced from:
[spkg-install]       __ZNK6Givaro7Integer5printERSo in libgivaro.9.dylib-master.o
[spkg-install]       __ZN6GivarolsERSoRKNS_7IntegerE in libgivaro.9.dylib-master.o
[spkg-install]   "__ZrsRSiP12__mpz_struct", referenced from:
[spkg-install]       __ZN6GivarorsERSiRNS_7IntegerE in libgivaro.9.dylib-master.o
[spkg-install] ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture arm64

and

[spkg-install] Undefined symbols for architecture arm64:
[spkg-install]   "__ZlsRSoPK12__mpq_struct", referenced from:
[spkg-install]       __ZN12_GLOBAL__N_116write_polyhedronERSoRKN23Parma_Polyhedra_Library12C_PolyhedronENS_14RepresentationE in ppl_lcdd.o
[spkg-install]   "__ZlsRSoPK12__mpz_struct", referenced from:
[spkg-install]       __ZN12_GLOBAL__N_113guarded_writeI10__gmp_exprIA1_12__mpz_structS3_EEEvRSoRKT_ in ppl_lcdd.o
[spkg-install]   "__ZrsRSiP12__mpq_struct", referenced from:
[spkg-install]       __ZN12_GLOBAL__N_117read_coefficientsERSiNS_11Number_TypeERSt6vectorI10__gmp_exprIA1_12__mpz_structS5_ESaIS6_EERS6_ in ppl_lcdd.o
[spkg-install]   "__ZrsRSiP12__mpz_struct", referenced from:
[spkg-install]       __ZN12_GLOBAL__N_117read_coefficientsERSiNS_11Number_TypeERSt6vectorI10__gmp_exprIA1_12__mpz_structS5_ESaIS6_EERS6_ in ppl_lcdd.o
[spkg-install] ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture arm64

respectively.

This is with the current PR on top of 10.4.beta5 — I can't build beta6 because of the problems with fflas-fpack. I also don't know if these are new to this version of gcc, but I'll try to check.

[mkoeppe]

I don't think we have supported building with gcc from SPKG on macOS

[jhpalmieri]

I don't think we have supported building with gcc from SPKG on macOS

Okay, then I won't worry about it. I realize that I can't check if the problems are new because the whole point is that I can't build the old gcc spkg.

[culler]

I was able to build gfortran-13.2.0 from this PR with no errors. (There were around 40,000 warnings, but I think that is normal.). This was on an Intel mac mini running macOS 14.4.1.

[mkoeppe]

Thanks!