From f0d84c36c5309f396967a1ae4151caa1c9f92000 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Frank V. Castellucci" <frankiecast@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 21 May 2021 13:28:12 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] Bignum syscalls

---
 Cargo.lock                               |   32 +-
 programs/bpf/Cargo.lock                  | 1175 ++++---
 programs/bpf/Cargo.toml                  |    1 +
 programs/bpf/build.rs                    |    1 +
 programs/bpf/c/src/bignumber/bignumber.c |  177 +
 programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/Cargo.toml   |   19 +
 programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/src/lib.rs   |  145 +
 programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs           |   31 +-
 programs/bpf_loader/Cargo.toml           |    1 +
 programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs      | 4082 ++++++++++++++++++----
 sdk/bpf/c/inc/solana_bignumber.h         |  310 ++
 sdk/program/Cargo.toml                   |    1 +
 sdk/program/src/bignumber.rs             |  826 +++++
 sdk/program/src/lib.rs                   |    1 +
 sdk/src/feature_set.rs                   |    4 +
 sdk/src/process_instruction.rs           |   52 +
 16 files changed, 5564 insertions(+), 1294 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 programs/bpf/c/src/bignumber/bignumber.c
 create mode 100644 programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/src/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 sdk/bpf/c/inc/solana_bignumber.h
 create mode 100644 sdk/program/src/bignumber.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 7b1559b5afba2c..bce7a95fc8594a 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2669,9 +2669,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
-version = "0.1.42"
+version = "0.1.44"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3f6ea62e9d81a77cd3ee9a2a5b9b609447857f3d358704331e4ef39eb247fcba"
+checksum = "d2cc698a63b549a70bc047073d2949cce27cd1c7b0a4a862d08a8031bc2801db"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg 1.0.0",
  "num-traits",
@@ -2679,9 +2679,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
-version = "0.2.11"
+version = "0.2.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c62be47e61d1842b9170f0fdeec8eba98e60e90e5446449a0545e5152acd7096"
+checksum = "9a64b1ec5cda2586e284722486d802acf1f7dbdc623e2bfc57e65ca1cd099290"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg 1.0.0",
 ]
@@ -2753,15 +2753,15 @@ checksum = "624a8340c38c1b80fd549087862da4ba43e08858af025b236e509b6649fc13d5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl"
-version = "0.10.29"
+version = "0.10.34"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cee6d85f4cb4c4f59a6a85d5b68a233d280c82e29e822913b9c8b129fbf20bdd"
+checksum = "6d7830286ad6a3973c0f1d9b73738f69c76b739301d0229c4b96501695cbe4c8"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "foreign-types",
- "lazy_static",
  "libc",
+ "once_cell",
  "openssl-sys",
 ]
 
@@ -2771,15 +2771,25 @@ version = "0.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "77af24da69f9d9341038eba93a073b1fdaaa1b788221b00a69bce9e762cb32de"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "openssl-src"
+version = "111.15.0+1.1.1k"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b1a5f6ae2ac04393b217ea9f700cd04fa9bf3d93fae2872069f3d15d908af70a"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl-sys"
-version = "0.9.57"
+version = "0.9.63"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7410fef80af8ac071d4f63755c0ab89ac3df0fd1ea91f1d1f37cf5cec4395990"
+checksum = "b6b0d6fb7d80f877617dfcb014e605e2b5ab2fb0afdf27935219bb6bd984cb98"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg 1.0.0",
  "cc",
  "libc",
+ "openssl-src",
  "pkg-config",
  "vcpkg",
 ]
@@ -4328,6 +4338,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log 0.4.11",
  "num-derive",
  "num-traits",
+ "openssl",
  "rand 0.7.3",
  "rand_core 0.6.2",
  "regex",
@@ -5241,6 +5252,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log 0.4.11",
  "num-derive",
  "num-traits",
+ "openssl",
  "rand 0.7.3",
  "rustc_version 0.4.0",
  "rustversion",
diff --git a/programs/bpf/Cargo.lock b/programs/bpf/Cargo.lock
index fe4180392f3a71..d89cac8d2caf67 100644
--- a/programs/bpf/Cargo.lock
+++ b/programs/bpf/Cargo.lock
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
-version = 3
-
 [[package]]
 name = "Inflector"
 version = "0.11.4"
@@ -14,9 +12,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "addr2line"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.15.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a49806b9dadc843c61e7c97e72490ad7f7220ae249012fbda9ad0609457c0543"
+checksum = "e7a2e47a1fbe209ee101dd6d61285226744c6c8d3c21c8dc878ba6cb9f467f3a"
 dependencies = [
  "gimli",
 ]
@@ -48,14 +46,14 @@ version = "0.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ee49baf6cb617b853aa8d93bf420db2383fab46d314482ca2803b40d5fde979b"
 dependencies = [
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
-version = "1.0.38"
+version = "1.0.41"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "afddf7f520a80dbf76e6f50a35bca42a2331ef227a28b3b6dc5c2e2338d114b1"
+checksum = "15af2628f6890fe2609a3b91bef4c83450512802e59489f9c1cb1fa5df064a61"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrayref"
@@ -65,9 +63,9 @@ checksum = "a4c527152e37cf757a3f78aae5a06fbeefdb07ccc535c980a3208ee3060dd544"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrayvec"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cff77d8686867eceff3105329d4698d96c2391c176d5d03adc90c7389162b5b8"
+checksum = "23b62fc65de8e4e7f52534fb52b0f3ed04746ae267519eef2a83941e8085068b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ascii"
@@ -77,9 +75,9 @@ checksum = "eab1c04a571841102f5345a8fc0f6bb3d31c315dec879b5c6e42e40ce7ffa34e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "assert_matches"
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "695579f0f2520f3774bb40461e5adb066459d4e0af4d59d20175484fb8e9edf1"
+checksum = "9b34d609dfbaf33d6889b2b7106d3ca345eacad44200913df5ba02bfd31d2ba9"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "async-trait"
@@ -87,9 +85,9 @@ version = "0.1.50"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0b98e84bbb4cbcdd97da190ba0c58a1bb0de2c1fdf67d159e192ed766aeca722"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -100,24 +98,26 @@ checksum = "d9b39be18770d11421cdb1b9947a45dd3f37e93092cbf377614828a319d5fee8"
 dependencies = [
  "hermit-abi",
  "libc",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
-version = "1.0.0"
+version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8aac770f1885fd7e387acedd76065302551364496e46b3dd00860b2f8359b9d"
+checksum = "cdb031dd78e28731d87d56cc8ffef4a8f36ca26c38fe2de700543e627f8a464a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "backtrace"
-version = "0.3.48"
+version = "0.3.60"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0df2f85c8a2abbe3b7d7e748052fdd9b76a0458fdeb16ad4223f5eca78c7c130"
+checksum = "b7815ea54e4d821e791162e078acbebfd6d8c8939cd559c9335dceb1c8ca7282"
 dependencies = [
  "addr2line",
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
+ "cc",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "libc",
+ "miniz_oxide",
  "object",
  "rustc-demangle",
  "serde",
@@ -164,9 +164,9 @@ checksum = "cf1de2fe8c75bc145a2f577add951f8134889b4795d47466a54a5c846d691693"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "blake3"
-version = "0.3.7"
+version = "0.3.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e9ff35b701f3914bdb8fad3368d822c766ef2858b2583198e41639b936f09d3f"
+checksum = "b64485778c4f16a6a5a9d335e80d449ac6c70cdd6a06d2af18a6f6f775a125b3"
 dependencies = [
  "arrayref",
  "arrayvec",
@@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ checksum = "c0940dc441f31689269e10ac70eb1002a3a1d3ad1390e030043662eb7fe4688b"
 dependencies = [
  "block-padding 0.1.5",
  "byte-tools",
- "byteorder 1.3.4",
- "generic-array 0.12.3",
+ "byteorder 1.4.3",
+ "generic-array 0.12.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -216,11 +216,11 @@ checksum = "8d696c370c750c948ada61c69a0ee2cbbb9c50b1019ddb86d9317157a99c2cae"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "borsh"
-version = "0.8.1"
+version = "0.8.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a5a26c53ddf60281f18e7a29b20db7ba3db82a9d81b9650bfaa02d646f50d364"
+checksum = "09a7111f797cc721407885a323fb071636aee57f750b1a4ddc27397eba168a74"
 dependencies = [
- "borsh-derive 0.8.1",
+ "borsh-derive 0.8.2",
  "hashbrown",
 ]
 
@@ -236,15 +236,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "borsh-derive"
-version = "0.8.1"
+version = "0.8.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b637a47728b78a78cd7f4b85bf06d71ef4221840e059a38f048be2422bf673b2"
+checksum = "307f3740906bac2c118a8122fe22681232b244f1369273e45f1156b45c43d2dd"
 dependencies = [
- "borsh-derive-internal 0.8.1",
- "borsh-schema-derive-internal 0.8.1",
+ "borsh-derive-internal 0.8.2",
+ "borsh-schema-derive-internal 0.8.2",
  "proc-macro-crate",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -256,19 +256,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "borsh-derive-internal 0.9.0",
  "borsh-schema-derive-internal 0.9.0",
  "proc-macro-crate",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "borsh-derive-internal"
-version = "0.8.1"
+version = "0.8.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d813fa25eb0bed78c36492cff4415f38c760d6de833d255ba9095bd8ebb7d725"
+checksum = "d2104c73179359431cc98e016998f2f23bc7a05bc53e79741bcba705f30047bc"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -277,20 +277,20 @@ version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1e321a130a3ac4b88eb59a6d670bde11eec9721a397b77e0f2079060e2a1b785"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "borsh-schema-derive-internal"
-version = "0.8.1"
+version = "0.8.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dcf78ee4a98c8cb9eba1bac3d3e2a1ea3d7673c719ce691e67b5cbafc472d3b7"
+checksum = "ae29eb8418fcd46f723f8691a2ac06857d31179d33d2f2d91eb13967de97c728"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -299,9 +299,9 @@ version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "15151a485164b319cc7a5160fe4316dc469a27993f71b73d7617dc9032ff0fd7"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -318,9 +318,9 @@ checksum = "771fe0050b883fcc3ea2359b1a96bcfbc090b7116eae7c3c512c7a083fdf23d3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.3.0"
+version = "3.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5356f1d23ee24a1f785a56d1d1a5f0fd5b0f6a0c0fb2412ce11da71649ab78f6"
+checksum = "9c59e7af012c713f529e7a3ee57ce9b31ddd858d4b512923602f74608b009631"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bv"
@@ -346,9 +346,9 @@ checksum = "0fc10e8cc6b2580fda3f36eb6dc5316657f812a3df879a44a66fc9f0fdbc4855"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "byteorder"
-version = "1.3.4"
+version = "1.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08c48aae112d48ed9f069b33538ea9e3e90aa263cfa3d1c24309612b1f7472de"
+checksum = "14c189c53d098945499cdfa7ecc63567cf3886b3332b312a5b4585d8d3a6a610"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
@@ -356,16 +356,16 @@ version = "0.4.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "206fdffcfa2df7cbe15601ef46c813fce0965eb3286db6b56c583b814b51c81c"
 dependencies = [
- "byteorder 1.3.4",
+ "byteorder 1.4.3",
  "either",
  "iovec",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
-version = "0.5.4"
+version = "0.5.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "130aac562c0dd69c56b3b1cc8ffd2e17be31d0b6c25b61c96b76231aa23e39e1"
+checksum = "0e4cec68f03f32e44924783795810fa50a7035d8c8ebe78580ad7e6c703fba38"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
@@ -385,9 +385,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bzip2-sys"
-version = "0.1.9+1.0.8"
+version = "0.1.11+1.0.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ad3b39a260062fca31f7b0b12f207e8f2590a67d32ec7d59c20484b07ea7285e"
+checksum = "736a955f3fa7875102d57c82b8cac37ec45224a07fd32d58f9f7a186b6cd4cdc"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "libc",
@@ -396,9 +396,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.0.67"
+version = "1.0.68"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e3c69b077ad434294d3ce9f1f6143a2a4b89a8a2d54ef813d85003a4fd1137fd"
+checksum = "4a72c244c1ff497a746a7e1fb3d14bd08420ecda70c8f25c7112f2781652d787"
 dependencies = [
  "jobserver",
 ]
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
  "serde",
  "time",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "da3da6baa321ec19e1cc41d31bf599f00c783d0517095cdaf0332e3fe8d20680"
 dependencies = [
  "ascii",
- "byteorder 1.3.4",
+ "byteorder 1.4.3",
  "either",
  "memchr",
  "unreachable",
@@ -487,15 +487,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "terminal_size",
  "unicode-width",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "const_fn"
-version = "0.4.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "28b9d6de7f49e22cf97ad17fc4036ece69300032f45f78f30b4a4482cdc3f4a6"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "constant_time_eq"
 version = "0.1.5"
@@ -520,20 +514,20 @@ checksum = "ea221b5284a47e40033bf9b66f35f984ec0ea2931eb03505246cd27a963f981b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cpufeatures"
-version = "0.1.4"
+version = "0.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ed00c67cb5d0a7d64a44f6ad2668db7e7530311dd53ea79bcd4fb022c64911c8"
+checksum = "66c99696f6c9dd7f35d486b9d04d7e6e202aa3e8c40d553f2fdf5e7e0c6a71ef"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crc32fast"
-version = "1.2.0"
+version = "1.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ba125de2af0df55319f41944744ad91c71113bf74a4646efff39afe1f6842db1"
+checksum = "81156fece84ab6a9f2afdb109ce3ae577e42b1228441eded99bd77f627953b1a"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -543,7 +537,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "06ed27e177f16d65f0f0c22a213e17c696ace5dd64b14258b52f9417ccb52db4"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
- "crossbeam-utils 0.8.1",
+ "crossbeam-utils 0.8.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -564,8 +558,8 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "94af6efb46fef72616855b036a624cf27ba656ffc9be1b9a3c931cfc7749a9a9"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
- "crossbeam-epoch 0.9.1",
- "crossbeam-utils 0.8.1",
+ "crossbeam-epoch 0.9.5",
+ "crossbeam-utils 0.8.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -579,21 +573,20 @@ dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-utils 0.7.2",
  "lazy_static",
  "maybe-uninit",
- "memoffset 0.5.4",
+ "memoffset 0.5.6",
  "scopeguard",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-epoch"
-version = "0.9.1"
+version = "0.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a1aaa739f95311c2c7887a76863f500026092fb1dce0161dab577e559ef3569d"
+checksum = "4ec02e091aa634e2c3ada4a392989e7c3116673ef0ac5b72232439094d73b7fd"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
- "const_fn",
- "crossbeam-utils 0.8.1",
+ "crossbeam-utils 0.8.5",
  "lazy_static",
- "memoffset 0.6.1",
+ "memoffset 0.6.4",
  "scopeguard",
 ]
 
@@ -621,11 +614,10 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-utils"
-version = "0.8.1"
+version = "0.8.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "02d96d1e189ef58269ebe5b97953da3274d83a93af647c2ddd6f9dab28cedb8d"
+checksum = "d82cfc11ce7f2c3faef78d8a684447b40d503d9681acebed6cb728d45940c4db"
 dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "lazy_static",
 ]
@@ -668,11 +660,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "curve25519-dalek"
-version = "2.1.0"
+version = "2.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5d85653f070353a16313d0046f173f70d1aadd5b42600a14de626f0dfb3473a5"
+checksum = "434e1720189a637d44fe464f4df1e6eb900b4835255b14354497c78af37d9bb8"
 dependencies = [
- "byteorder 1.3.4",
+ "byteorder 1.4.3",
  "digest 0.8.1",
  "rand_core 0.5.1",
  "subtle",
@@ -681,11 +673,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "curve25519-dalek"
-version = "3.0.0"
+version = "3.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c8492de420e9e60bc9a1d66e2dbb91825390b738a388606600663fc529b4b307"
+checksum = "639891fde0dbea823fc3d798a0fdf9d2f9440a42d64a78ab3488b0ca025117b3"
 dependencies = [
- "byteorder 1.3.4",
+ "byteorder 1.4.3",
  "digest 0.9.0",
  "rand_core 0.5.1",
  "subtle",
@@ -714,13 +706,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "derivative"
-version = "2.1.3"
+version = "2.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eaed5874effa6cde088c644ddcdcb4ffd1511391c5be4fdd7a5ccd02c7e4a183"
+checksum = "fcc3dd5e9e9c0b295d6e1e4d811fb6f157d5ffd784b8d202fc62eac8035a770b"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -741,7 +733,7 @@ version = "0.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f3d0c8c8752312f9713efd397ff63acb9f85585afbf179282e720e7704954dd5"
 dependencies = [
- "generic-array 0.12.3",
+ "generic-array 0.12.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -780,7 +772,7 @@ checksum = "4ebda144c4fe02d1f7ea1a7d9641b6fc6b580adcfa024ae48797ecdeb6825b4d"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "redox_users",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -791,9 +783,9 @@ checksum = "56899898ce76aaf4a0f24d914c97ea6ed976d42fec6ad33fcbb0a1103e07b2b0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ed25519"
-version = "1.0.1"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bf038a7b6fd7ef78ad3348b63f3a17550877b0e28f8d68bcc94894d1412158bc"
+checksum = "8d0860415b12243916284c67a9be413e044ee6668247b99ba26d94b2bc06c8f6"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "signature",
@@ -805,7 +797,7 @@ version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c762bae6dcaf24c4c84667b8579785430908723d5c889f469d76a41d59cc7a9d"
 dependencies = [
- "curve25519-dalek 3.0.0",
+ "curve25519-dalek 3.1.0",
  "ed25519",
  "rand 0.7.3",
  "serde",
@@ -829,21 +821,21 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "educe"
-version = "0.4.14"
+version = "0.4.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "54ed56329d95e524ef98177ad672881bdfe7f22f254eb6ae80deb6fdd2ab20c4"
+checksum = "f86b50932a01e7ec5c06160492ab660fb19b6bb2a7878030dd6cd68d21df9d4d"
 dependencies = [
  "enum-ordinalize",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
-version = "1.5.3"
+version = "1.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bb1f6b1ce1c140482ea30ddd3335fc0024ac7ee112895426e0a629a6c20adfe3"
+checksum = "e78d4f1cc4ae33bbfc157ed5d5a5ef3bc29227303d595861deb238fcec4e9457"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "elf"
@@ -862,31 +854,31 @@ checksum = "a357d28ed41a50f9c765dbfe56cbc04a64e53e5fc58ba79fbc34c10ef3df831f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "encoding_rs"
-version = "0.8.23"
+version = "0.8.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e8ac63f94732332f44fe654443c46f6375d1939684c17b0afb6cb56b0456e171"
+checksum = "80df024fbc5ac80f87dfef0d9f5209a252f2a497f7f42944cff24d8253cac065"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "enum-ordinalize"
-version = "3.1.9"
+version = "3.1.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2d52ff39419d3e16961ecfb9e32f5042bdaacf9a4cc553d2d688057117bae49b"
+checksum = "0b166c9e378360dd5a6666a9604bb4f54ae0cac39023ffbac425e917a2a04fef"
 dependencies = [
  "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "env_logger"
-version = "0.8.3"
+version = "0.8.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "17392a012ea30ef05a610aa97dfb49496e71c9f676b27879922ea5bdf60d9d3f"
+checksum = "a19187fea3ac7e84da7dacf48de0c45d63c6a76f9490dae389aead16c243fce3"
 dependencies = [
  "atty",
  "humantime",
@@ -911,9 +903,9 @@ version = "0.1.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "aa4da3c766cd7a0db8242e326e9e4e081edd567072893ed320008189715366a4"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
  "synstructure",
 ]
 
@@ -931,14 +923,14 @@ checksum = "835a3dc7d1ec9e75e2b5fb4ba75396837112d2060b03f7d43bc1897c7f7211da"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "filetime"
-version = "0.2.10"
+version = "0.2.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "affc17579b132fc2461adf7c575cc6e8b134ebca52c51f5411388965227dc695"
+checksum = "1d34cfa13a63ae058bfa601fe9e313bbdb3746427c1459185464ce0fcf62e1e8"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "libc",
- "redox_syscall 0.1.56",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "redox_syscall 0.2.9",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1002,15 +994,15 @@ checksum = "3dcaa9ae7725d12cdb85b3ad99a434db70b468c09ded17e012d86b5c1010f7a7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures"
-version = "0.1.29"
+version = "0.1.31"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1b980f2816d6ee8673b6517b52cb0e808a180efc92e5c19d02cdda79066703ef"
+checksum = "3a471a38ef8ed83cd6e40aa59c1ffe17db6855c18e3604d9c4ed8c08ebc28678"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures"
-version = "0.3.12"
+version = "0.3.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "da9052a1a50244d8d5aa9bf55cbc2fb6f357c86cc52e46c62ed390a7180cf150"
+checksum = "0e7e43a803dae2fa37c1f6a8fe121e1f7bf9548b4dfc0522a42f34145dadfc27"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-channel",
  "futures-core",
@@ -1023,9 +1015,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-channel"
-version = "0.3.12"
+version = "0.3.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f2d31b7ec7efab6eefc7c57233bb10b847986139d88cc2f5a02a1ae6871a1846"
+checksum = "e682a68b29a882df0545c143dc3646daefe80ba479bcdede94d5a703de2871e2"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "futures-sink",
@@ -1033,15 +1025,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-core"
-version = "0.3.12"
+version = "0.3.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "79e5145dde8da7d1b3892dad07a9c98fc04bc39892b1ecc9692cf53e2b780a65"
+checksum = "0402f765d8a89a26043b889b26ce3c4679d268fa6bb22cd7c6aad98340e179d1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-executor"
-version = "0.3.12"
+version = "0.3.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e9e59fdc009a4b3096bf94f740a0f2424c082521f20a9b08c5c07c48d90fd9b9"
+checksum = "badaa6a909fac9e7236d0620a2f57f7664640c56575b71a7552fbd68deafab79"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "futures-task",
@@ -1050,43 +1042,42 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-io"
-version = "0.3.12"
+version = "0.3.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "28be053525281ad8259d47e4de5de657b25e7bac113458555bb4b70bc6870500"
+checksum = "acc499defb3b348f8d8f3f66415835a9131856ff7714bf10dadfc4ec4bdb29a1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-macro"
-version = "0.3.12"
+version = "0.3.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c287d25add322d9f9abdcdc5927ca398917996600182178774032e9f8258fedd"
+checksum = "a4c40298486cdf52cc00cd6d6987892ba502c7656a16a4192a9992b1ccedd121"
 dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
  "proc-macro-hack",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-sink"
-version = "0.3.12"
+version = "0.3.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "caf5c69029bda2e743fddd0582d1083951d65cc9539aebf8812f36c3491342d6"
+checksum = "a57bead0ceff0d6dde8f465ecd96c9338121bb7717d3e7b108059531870c4282"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-task"
-version = "0.3.12"
+version = "0.3.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "13de07eb8ea81ae445aca7b69f5f7bf15d7bf4912d8ca37d6645c77ae8a58d86"
-dependencies = [
- "once_cell",
-]
+checksum = "8a16bef9fc1a4dddb5bee51c989e3fbba26569cbb0e31f5b303c184e3dd33dae"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-util"
-version = "0.3.12"
+version = "0.3.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "632a8cd0f2a4b3fdea1657f08bde063848c3bd00f9bbf6e256b8be78802e624b"
+checksum = "feb5c238d27e2bf94ffdfd27b2c29e3df4a68c4193bb6427384259e2bf191967"
 dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
  "futures-channel",
  "futures-core",
  "futures-io",
@@ -1094,7 +1085,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-sink",
  "futures-task",
  "memchr",
- "pin-project-lite 0.2.4",
+ "pin-project-lite",
  "pin-utils",
  "proc-macro-hack",
  "proc-macro-nested",
@@ -1103,9 +1094,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "generic-array"
-version = "0.12.3"
+version = "0.12.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c68f0274ae0e023facc3c97b2e00f076be70e254bc851d972503b328db79b2ec"
+checksum = "ffdf9f34f1447443d37393cc6c2b8313aebddcd96906caf34e54c68d8e57d7bd"
 dependencies = [
  "typenum",
 ]
@@ -1128,36 +1119,36 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e692e296bfac1d2533ef168d0b60ff5897b8b70a4009276834014dd8924cc028"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
-version = "0.1.14"
+version = "0.1.16"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7abc8dd8451921606d809ba32e95b6111925cd2906060d2dcc29c070220503eb"
+checksum = "8fc3cb4d91f53b50155bdcfd23f6a4c39ae1969c2ae85982b135750cccaf5fce"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "libc",
  "wasi 0.9.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4060f4657be78b8e766215b02b18a2e862d83745545de804638e2b545e81aee6"
+checksum = "7fcd999463524c52659517fe2cea98493cfe485d10565e7b0fb07dbba7ad2753"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "libc",
- "wasi 0.10.1+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
+ "wasi 0.10.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "gimli"
-version = "0.21.0"
+version = "0.24.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bcc8e0c9bce37868955864dbecd2b1ab2bdf967e6f28066d65aaac620444b65c"
+checksum = "0e4075386626662786ddb0ec9081e7c7eeb1ba31951f447ca780ef9f5d568189"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "glob"
@@ -1167,9 +1158,9 @@ checksum = "9b919933a397b79c37e33b77bb2aa3dc8eb6e165ad809e58ff75bc7db2e34574"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "goblin"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.3.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c69552f48b18aa6102ce0c82dd9bc9d3f8af5fc0a5797069b1b466b90570e39c"
+checksum = "669cdc3826f69a51d3f8fc3f86de81c2378110254f678b8407977736122057a4"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "plain",
@@ -1178,9 +1169,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "h2"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.3.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d832b01df74254fe364568d6ddc294443f61cbec82816b60904303af87efae78"
+checksum = "825343c4eef0b63f541f8903f395dc5beb362a979b5799a84062527ef1e37726"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 1.0.1",
  "fnv",
@@ -1190,7 +1181,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "http",
  "indexmap",
  "slab",
- "tokio 1.4.0",
+ "tokio 1.7.1",
  "tokio-util",
  "tracing",
 ]
@@ -1201,7 +1192,7 @@ version = "0.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d4041af86e63ac4298ce40e5cca669066e75b6f1aa3390fe2561ffa5e1d9f4cc"
 dependencies = [
- "byteorder 1.3.4",
+ "byteorder 1.4.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1215,9 +1206,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hermit-abi"
-version = "0.1.13"
+version = "0.1.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "91780f809e750b0a89f5544be56617ff6b1227ee485bcb06ebe10cdf89bd3b71"
+checksum = "322f4de77956e22ed0e5032c359a0f1273f1f7f0d79bfa3b8ffbc730d7fbcc5c"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -1282,48 +1273,49 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "28d569972648b2c512421b5f2a405ad6ac9666547189d0c5477a3f200f3e02f9"
+checksum = "527e8c9ac747e28542699a951517aa9a6945af506cd1f2e1b53a576c17b6cc11"
 dependencies = [
- "bytes 0.5.4",
+ "bytes 1.0.1",
  "fnv",
  "itoa",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "http-body"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2861bd27ee074e5ee891e8b539837a9430012e249d7f0ca2d795650f579c1994"
+checksum = "60daa14be0e0786db0f03a9e57cb404c9d756eed2b6c62b9ea98ec5743ec75a9"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 1.0.1",
  "http",
+ "pin-project-lite",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "httparse"
-version = "1.3.4"
+version = "1.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cd179ae861f0c2e53da70d892f5f3029f9594be0c41dc5269cd371691b1dc2f9"
+checksum = "f3a87b616e37e93c22fb19bcd386f02f3af5ea98a25670ad0fce773de23c5e68"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "httpdate"
-version = "0.3.2"
+version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "494b4d60369511e7dea41cf646832512a94e542f68bb9c49e54518e0f468eb47"
+checksum = "6456b8a6c8f33fee7d958fcd1b60d55b11940a79e63ae87013e6d22e26034440"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "humantime"
-version = "2.0.1"
+version = "2.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3c1ad908cc71012b7bea4d0c53ba96a8cba9962f048fa68d143376143d863b7a"
+checksum = "9a3a5bfb195931eeb336b2a7b4d761daec841b97f947d34394601737a7bba5e4"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hyper"
-version = "0.14.4"
+version = "0.14.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e8e946c2b1349055e0b72ae281b238baf1a3ea7307c7e9f9d64673bdd9c26ac7"
+checksum = "07d6baa1b441335f3ce5098ac421fb6547c46dda735ca1bc6d0153c838f9dd83"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 1.0.1",
  "futures-channel",
@@ -1335,9 +1327,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "httparse",
  "httpdate",
  "itoa",
- "pin-project",
- "socket2",
- "tokio 1.4.0",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "socket2 0.4.0",
+ "tokio 1.7.1",
  "tower-service",
  "tracing",
  "want",
@@ -1353,16 +1345,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "hyper",
  "log",
  "rustls",
- "tokio 1.4.0",
+ "tokio 1.7.1",
  "tokio-rustls",
  "webpki",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "02e2673c30ee86b5b96a9cb52ad15718aa1f966f5ab9ad54a8b95d5ca33120a9"
+checksum = "418a0a6fab821475f634efe3ccc45c013f742efe03d853e8d3355d5cb850ecf8"
 dependencies = [
  "matches",
  "unicode-bidi",
@@ -1397,7 +1389,7 @@ version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "19a8a95243d5a0398cae618ec29477c6e3cb631152be5c19481f80bc71559754"
 dependencies = [
- "bytes 0.5.4",
+ "bytes 0.5.6",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1420,9 +1412,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ipnet"
-version = "2.3.0"
+version = "2.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "47be2f14c678be2fdcab04ab1171db51b2762ce6f0a8ee87c8dd4a04ed216135"
+checksum = "68f2d64f2edebec4ce84ad108148e67e1064789bee435edc5b60ad398714a3a9"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
@@ -1444,35 +1436,37 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itoa"
-version = "0.4.5"
+version = "0.4.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b8b7a7c0c47db5545ed3fef7468ee7bb5b74691498139e4b3f6a20685dc6dd8e"
+checksum = "dd25036021b0de88a0aff6b850051563c6516d0bf53f8638938edbb9de732736"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "jobserver"
-version = "0.1.21"
+version = "0.1.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5c71313ebb9439f74b00d9d2dcec36440beaf57a6aa0623068441dd7cd81a7f2"
+checksum = "972f5ae5d1cb9c6ae417789196c803205313edde988685da5e3aae0827b9e7fd"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.49"
+version = "0.3.51"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dc15e39392125075f60c95ba416f5381ff6c3a948ff02ab12464715adf56c821"
+checksum = "83bdfbace3a0e81a4253f73b49e960b053e396a11012cbd49b9b74d6a2b67062"
 dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonrpc-core"
-version = "17.0.0"
+version = "17.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "07569945133257ff557eb37b015497104cea61a2c9edaf126c1cbd6e8332397f"
+checksum = "d4467ab6dfa369b69e52bd0692e480c4d117410538526a57a304a0f2250fd95e"
 dependencies = [
- "futures 0.3.12",
+ "futures 0.3.15",
+ "futures-executor",
+ "futures-util",
  "log",
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
@@ -1517,7 +1511,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6f84d96438c15fcd6c3f244c8fce01d1e2b9c6b5623e9c711dc9286d8fc92d6a"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1541,9 +1535,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libsecp256k1-core"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "daaa407ce05dc49849836840fb2542edcadafc4f55e314840cbb5b49359a6919"
+checksum = "4ee11012b293ea30093c129173cac4335513064094619f4639a25b310fd33c11"
 dependencies = [
  "crunchy",
  "digest 0.9.0",
@@ -1585,20 +1579,20 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
-version = "0.4.2"
+version = "0.4.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dd96ffd135b2fd7b973ac026d28085defbe8983df057ced3eb4f2130b0831312"
+checksum = "0382880606dff6d15c9476c416d18690b72742aa7b605bb6dd6ec9030fbf07eb"
 dependencies = [
  "scopeguard",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.11"
+version = "0.4.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4fabed175da42fed1fa0746b0ea71f412aa9d35e76e95e59b192c64b9dc2bf8b"
+checksum = "51b9bbe6c47d51fc3e1a9b945965946b4c44142ab8792c50835a980d362c2710"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1639,18 +1633,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memoffset"
-version = "0.5.4"
+version = "0.5.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b4fc2c02a7e374099d4ee95a193111f72d2110197fe200272371758f6c3643d8"
+checksum = "043175f069eda7b85febe4a74abbaeff828d9f8b448515d3151a14a3542811aa"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memoffset"
-version = "0.6.1"
+version = "0.6.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "157b4208e3059a8f9e78d559edc658e13df41410cb3ae03979c83130067fdd87"
+checksum = "59accc507f1338036a0477ef61afdae33cde60840f4dfe481319ce3ad116ddf9"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
 ]
@@ -1673,9 +1667,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mio"
-version = "0.6.22"
+version = "0.6.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fce347092656428bc8eaf6201042cb551b8d67855af7374542a92a0fbfcac430"
+checksum = "4afd66f5b91bf2a3bc13fad0e21caedac168ca4c707504e75585648ae80e4cc4"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 0.1.10",
  "fuchsia-zircon",
@@ -1692,15 +1686,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mio"
-version = "0.7.11"
+version = "0.7.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cf80d3e903b34e0bd7282b218398aec54e082c840d9baf8339e0080a0c542956"
+checksum = "8c2bdb6314ec10835cd3293dd268473a835c02b7b352e788be788b3c6ca6bb16"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "log",
- "miow 0.3.6",
+ "miow 0.3.7",
  "ntapi",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1711,7 +1705,7 @@ checksum = "afcb699eb26d4332647cc848492bbc15eafb26f08d0304550d5aa1f612e066f0"
 dependencies = [
  "iovec",
  "libc",
- "mio 0.6.22",
+ "mio 0.6.23",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1728,12 +1722,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "miow"
-version = "0.3.6"
+version = "0.3.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5a33c1b55807fbed163481b5ba66db4b2fa6cde694a5027be10fb724206c5897"
+checksum = "b9f1c5b025cda876f66ef43a113f91ebc9f4ccef34843000e0adf6ebbab84e21"
 dependencies = [
- "socket2",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1762,7 +1755,7 @@ checksum = "391630d12b68002ae1e25e8f974306474966550ad82dac6886fb8910c19568ae"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 0.1.10",
  "libc",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1779,18 +1772,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ntapi"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.3.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7a31937dea023539c72ddae0e3571deadc1414b300483fa7aaec176168cfa9d2"
+checksum = "3f6bb902e437b6d86e03cce10a7e2af662292c5dfef23b65899ea3ac9354ad44"
 dependencies = [
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-bigint"
-version = "0.3.2"
+version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7d0a3d5e207573f948a9e5376662aa743a2ea13f7c50a554d7af443a73fbfeba"
+checksum = "4e0d047c1062aa51e256408c560894e5251f08925980e53cf1aa5bd00eec6512"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
  "num-integer",
@@ -1799,20 +1792,20 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-derive"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.3.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0c8b15b261814f992e33760b1fca9fe8b693d8a65299f20c9901688636cfb746"
+checksum = "876a53fff98e03a936a674b29568b0e605f06b29372c2489ff4de23f1949743d"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
-version = "0.1.42"
+version = "0.1.44"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3f6ea62e9d81a77cd3ee9a2a5b9b609447857f3d358704331e4ef39eb247fcba"
+checksum = "d2cc698a63b549a70bc047073d2949cce27cd1c7b0a4a862d08a8031bc2801db"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
  "num-traits",
@@ -1820,9 +1813,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
-version = "0.2.11"
+version = "0.2.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c62be47e61d1842b9170f0fdeec8eba98e60e90e5446449a0545e5152acd7096"
+checksum = "9a64b1ec5cda2586e284722486d802acf1f7dbdc623e2bfc57e65ca1cd099290"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
 ]
@@ -1854,9 +1847,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1c0fd9eba1d5db0994a239e09c1be402d35622277e35468ba891aa5e3188ce7e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-crate",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1867,15 +1860,18 @@ checksum = "830b246a0e5f20af87141b25c173cd1b609bd7779a4617d6ec582abaf90870f3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "object"
-version = "0.19.0"
+version = "0.25.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9cbca9424c482ee628fa549d9c812e2cd22f1180b9222c9200fdfa6eb31aecb2"
+checksum = "a38f2be3697a57b4060074ff41b44c16870d916ad7877c17696e063257482bc7"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
-version = "1.5.2"
+version = "1.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "13bd41f508810a131401606d54ac32a467c97172d74ba7662562ebba5ad07fa0"
+checksum = "692fcb63b64b1758029e0a96ee63e049ce8c5948587f2f7208df04625e5f6b56"
 dependencies = [
  "parking_lot 0.11.1",
 ]
@@ -1894,33 +1890,43 @@ checksum = "624a8340c38c1b80fd549087862da4ba43e08858af025b236e509b6649fc13d5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl"
-version = "0.10.32"
+version = "0.10.35"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "038d43985d1ddca7a9900630d8cd031b56e4794eecc2e9ea39dd17aa04399a70"
+checksum = "549430950c79ae24e6d02e0b7404534ecf311d94cc9f861e9e4020187d13d885"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "foreign-types",
- "lazy_static",
  "libc",
+ "once_cell",
  "openssl-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl-probe"
-version = "0.1.2"
+version = "0.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77af24da69f9d9341038eba93a073b1fdaaa1b788221b00a69bce9e762cb32de"
+checksum = "28988d872ab76095a6e6ac88d99b54fd267702734fd7ffe610ca27f533ddb95a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "openssl-src"
+version = "111.15.0+1.1.1k"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b1a5f6ae2ac04393b217ea9f700cd04fa9bf3d93fae2872069f3d15d908af70a"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl-sys"
-version = "0.9.60"
+version = "0.9.65"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "921fc71883267538946025deffb622905ecad223c28efbfdef9bb59a0175f3e6"
+checksum = "7a7907e3bfa08bb85105209cdfcb6c63d109f8f6c1ed6ca318fff5c1853fbc1d"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
  "cc",
  "libc",
+ "openssl-src",
  "pkg-config",
  "vcpkg",
 ]
@@ -1932,12 +1938,12 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b91cea1dfd50064e52db033179952d18c770cbc5dfefc8eba45d619357ba3914"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
- "futures 0.3.12",
+ "futures 0.3.15",
  "js-sys",
  "lazy_static",
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project",
- "rand 0.8.2",
+ "rand 0.8.4",
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
@@ -1958,9 +1964,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cec33dfceabec83cd0e95a5ce9d20e76ab3a5cbfef59659b8c927f69b93ed8ae"
 dependencies = [
  "Inflector",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1991,8 +1997,8 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6d7744ac029df22dca6284efe4e898991d28e3085c706c972bcd7da4a27a15eb"
 dependencies = [
  "instant",
- "lock_api 0.4.2",
- "parking_lot_core 0.8.2",
+ "lock_api 0.4.4",
+ "parking_lot_core 0.8.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2004,10 +2010,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 0.1.10",
  "cloudabi",
  "libc",
- "redox_syscall 0.1.56",
+ "redox_syscall 0.1.57",
  "rustc_version 0.2.3",
  "smallvec 0.6.14",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2019,23 +2025,23 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 0.1.10",
  "cloudabi",
  "libc",
- "redox_syscall 0.1.56",
+ "redox_syscall 0.1.57",
  "smallvec 1.6.1",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "parking_lot_core"
-version = "0.8.2"
+version = "0.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9ccb628cad4f84851442432c60ad8e1f607e29752d0bf072cbd0baf28aa34272"
+checksum = "fa7a782938e745763fe6907fc6ba86946d72f49fe7e21de074e08128a99fb018"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "instant",
  "libc",
- "redox_syscall 0.1.56",
+ "redox_syscall 0.2.9",
  "smallvec 1.6.1",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2064,35 +2070,29 @@ checksum = "d4fd5641d01c8f18a23da7b6fe29298ff4b55afcccdf78973b24cf3175fee32e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project"
-version = "1.0.5"
+version = "1.0.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96fa8ebb90271c4477f144354485b8068bd8f6b78b428b01ba892ca26caf0b63"
+checksum = "c7509cc106041c40a4518d2af7a61530e1eed0e6285296a3d8c5472806ccc4a4"
 dependencies = [
  "pin-project-internal",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project-internal"
-version = "1.0.5"
+version = "1.0.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "758669ae3558c6f74bd2a18b41f7ac0b5a195aea6639d6a9b5e5d1ad5ba24c0b"
+checksum = "48c950132583b500556b1efd71d45b319029f2b71518d979fcc208e16b42426f"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project-lite"
-version = "0.1.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f7505eeebd78492e0f6108f7171c4948dbb120ee8119d9d77d0afa5469bef67f"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "pin-project-lite"
-version = "0.2.4"
+version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "439697af366c49a6d0a010c56a0d97685bc140ce0d377b13a2ea2aa42d64a827"
+checksum = "dc0e1f259c92177c30a4c9d177246edd0a3568b25756a977d0632cf8fa37e905"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-utils"
@@ -2102,9 +2102,9 @@ checksum = "8b870d8c151b6f2fb93e84a13146138f05d02ed11c7e7c54f8826aaaf7c9f184"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pkg-config"
-version = "0.3.17"
+version = "0.3.19"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "05da548ad6865900e60eaba7f589cc0783590a92e940c26953ff81ddbab2d677"
+checksum = "3831453b3449ceb48b6d9c7ad7c96d5ea673e9b470a1dc578c2ce6521230884c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "plain"
@@ -2114,9 +2114,9 @@ checksum = "b4596b6d070b27117e987119b4dac604f3c58cfb0b191112e24771b2faeac1a6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ppv-lite86"
-version = "0.2.8"
+version = "0.2.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "237a5ed80e274dbc66f86bd59c1e25edc039660be53194b5fe0a482e0f2612ea"
+checksum = "ac74c624d6b2d21f425f752262f42188365d7b8ff1aff74c82e45136510a4857"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro-crate"
@@ -2135,9 +2135,9 @@ checksum = "dbf0c48bc1d91375ae5c3cd81e3722dff1abcf81a30960240640d223f59fe0e5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro-nested"
-version = "0.1.4"
+version = "0.1.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8e946095f9d3ed29ec38de908c22f95d9ac008e424c7bcae54c75a79c527c694"
+checksum = "bc881b2c22681370c6a780e47af9840ef841837bc98118431d4e1868bd0c1086"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
@@ -2150,11 +2150,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.24"
+version = "1.0.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1e0704ee1a7e00d7bb417d0770ea303c1bccbabf0ef1667dae92b5967f5f8a71"
+checksum = "f0d8caf72986c1a598726adc988bb5984792ef84f5ee5aa50209145ee8077038"
 dependencies = [
- "unicode-xid 0.2.0",
+ "unicode-xid 0.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2177,11 +2177,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.6"
+version = "1.0.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "54a21852a652ad6f610c9510194f398ff6f8692e334fd1145fed931f7fbe44ea"
+checksum = "c3d0b9745dc2debf507c8422de05d7226cc1f0644216dfdfead988f9b1ab32a7"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2190,7 +2190,7 @@ version = "0.7.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6a6b1679d49b24bbfe0c803429aa1874472f50d9b363131f0e89fc356b544d03"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.1.14",
+ "getrandom 0.1.16",
  "libc",
  "rand_chacha 0.2.2",
  "rand_core 0.5.1",
@@ -2200,14 +2200,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rand"
-version = "0.8.2"
+version = "0.8.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "18519b42a40024d661e1714153e9ad0c3de27cd495760ceb09710920f1098b1e"
+checksum = "2e7573632e6454cf6b99d7aac4ccca54be06da05aca2ef7423d22d27d4d4bcd8"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "rand_chacha 0.3.0",
- "rand_core 0.6.2",
- "rand_hc 0.3.0",
+ "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
+ "rand_core 0.6.3",
+ "rand_hc 0.3.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2222,12 +2222,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_chacha"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e12735cf05c9e10bf21534da50a147b924d555dc7a547c42e6bb2d5b6017ae0d"
+checksum = "e6c10a63a0fa32252be49d21e7709d4d4baf8d231c2dbce1eaa8141b9b127d88"
 dependencies = [
  "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core 0.6.2",
+ "rand_core 0.6.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2236,16 +2236,16 @@ version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "90bde5296fc891b0cef12a6d03ddccc162ce7b2aff54160af9338f8d40df6d19"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.1.14",
+ "getrandom 0.1.16",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_core"
-version = "0.6.2"
+version = "0.6.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "34cf66eb183df1c5876e2dcf6b13d57340741e8dc255b48e40a26de954d06ae7"
+checksum = "d34f1408f55294453790c48b2f1ebbb1c5b4b7563eb1f418bcfcfdbb06ebb4e7"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.2.1",
+ "getrandom 0.2.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2259,11 +2259,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_hc"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3190ef7066a446f2e7f42e239d161e905420ccab01eb967c9eb27d21b2322a73"
+checksum = "d51e9f596de227fda2ea6c84607f5558e196eeaf43c986b724ba4fb8fdf497e7"
 dependencies = [
- "rand_core 0.6.2",
+ "rand_core 0.6.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2295,22 +2295,22 @@ checksum = "d78120e2c850279833f1dd3582f730c4ab53ed95aeaaaa862a2a5c71b1656d8e"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-channel",
  "crossbeam-deque 0.8.0",
- "crossbeam-utils 0.8.1",
+ "crossbeam-utils 0.8.5",
  "lazy_static",
  "num_cpus",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_syscall"
-version = "0.1.56"
+version = "0.1.57"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2439c63f3f6139d1b57529d16bc3b8bb855230c8efcc5d3a896c8bea7c3b1e84"
+checksum = "41cc0f7e4d5d4544e8861606a285bb08d3e70712ccc7d2b84d7c0ccfaf4b05ce"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_syscall"
-version = "0.2.4"
+version = "0.2.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "05ec8ca9416c5ea37062b502703cd7fcb207736bc294f6e0cf367ac6fc234570"
+checksum = "5ab49abadf3f9e1c4bc499e8845e152ad87d2ad2d30371841171169e9d75feee"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
 ]
@@ -2321,8 +2321,8 @@ version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "528532f3d801c87aec9def2add9ca802fe569e44a544afe633765267840abe64"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.2.1",
- "redox_syscall 0.2.4",
+ "getrandom 0.2.3",
+ "redox_syscall 0.2.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2344,18 +2344,18 @@ checksum = "f497285884f3fcff424ffc933e56d7cbca511def0c9831a7f9b5f6153e3cc89b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "remove_dir_all"
-version = "0.5.2"
+version = "0.5.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4a83fa3702a688b9359eccba92d153ac33fd2e8462f9e0e3fdf155239ea7792e"
+checksum = "3acd125665422973a33ac9d3dd2df85edad0f4ae9b00dafb1a05e43a9f5ef8e7"
 dependencies = [
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "reqwest"
-version = "0.11.2"
+version = "0.11.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bf12057f289428dbf5c591c74bf10392e4a8003f993405a902f20117019022d4"
+checksum = "246e9f61b9bb77df069a947682be06e31ac43ea37862e244a69f177694ea6d22"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.13.0",
  "bytes 1.0.1",
@@ -2372,12 +2372,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "mime",
  "percent-encoding",
- "pin-project-lite 0.2.4",
+ "pin-project-lite",
  "rustls",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_urlencoded",
- "tokio 1.4.0",
+ "tokio 1.7.1",
  "tokio-rustls",
  "url",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -2399,7 +2399,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "spin",
  "untrusted",
  "web-sys",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2409,14 +2409,14 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ffc936cf8a7ea60c58f030fd36a612a48f440610214dc54bc36431f9ea0c3efb"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc-demangle"
-version = "0.1.16"
+version = "0.1.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4c691c0e608126e00913e33f0ccf3727d5fc84573623b8d65b2df340b5201783"
+checksum = "dead70b0b5e03e9c814bcb6b01e03e68f7c57a80aa48c72ec92152ab3e818d49"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc-hash"
@@ -2444,9 +2444,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls"
-version = "0.19.0"
+version = "0.19.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "064fd21ff87c6e87ed4506e68beb42459caa4a0e2eb144932e6776768556980b"
+checksum = "35edb675feee39aec9c99fa5ff985081995a06d594114ae14cbe797ad7b7a6d7"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.13.0",
  "log",
@@ -2463,9 +2463,9 @@ checksum = "61b3909d758bb75c79f23d4736fac9433868679d3ad2ea7a61e3c25cfda9a088"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ryu"
-version = "1.0.4"
+version = "1.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ed3d612bc64430efeb3f7ee6ef26d590dce0c43249217bddc62112540c7941e1"
+checksum = "71d301d4193d031abdd79ff7e3dd721168a9572ef3fe51a1517aba235bd8f86e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "same-file"
@@ -2483,7 +2483,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8f05ba609c234e60bee0d547fe94a4c7e9da733d1c962cf6e59efa4cd9c8bc75"
 dependencies = [
  "lazy_static",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2494,29 +2494,29 @@ checksum = "d29ab0c6d3fc0ee92fe66e2d99f700eab17a8d57d1c1d3b748380fb20baa78cd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "scroll"
-version = "0.10.1"
+version = "0.10.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "abb2332cb595d33f7edd5700f4cbf94892e680c7f0ae56adab58a35190b66cb1"
+checksum = "fda28d4b4830b807a8b43f7b0e6b5df875311b3e7621d84577188c175b6ec1ec"
 dependencies = [
  "scroll_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "scroll_derive"
-version = "0.10.2"
+version = "0.10.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e367622f934864ffa1c704ba2b82280aab856e3d8213c84c5720257eb34b15b9"
+checksum = "aaaae8f38bb311444cfb7f1979af0bc9240d95795f75f9ceddf6a59b79ceffa0"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sct"
-version = "0.6.0"
+version = "0.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e3042af939fca8c3453b7af0f1c66e533a15a86169e39de2657310ade8f98d3c"
+checksum = "b362b83898e0e69f38515b82ee15aa80636befe47c3b6d3d89a911e78fc228ce"
 dependencies = [
  "ring",
  "untrusted",
@@ -2524,9 +2524,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "security-framework"
-version = "2.0.0"
+version = "2.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c1759c2e3c8580017a484a7ac56d3abc5a6c1feadf88db2f3633f12ae4268c69"
+checksum = "23a2ac85147a3a11d77ecf1bc7166ec0b92febfa4461c37944e180f319ece467"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
  "core-foundation",
@@ -2537,9 +2537,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "security-framework-sys"
-version = "2.0.0"
+version = "2.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f99b9d5e26d2a71633cc4f2ebae7cc9f874044e0c351a27e17892d76dce5678b"
+checksum = "7e4effb91b4b8b6fb7732e670b6cee160278ff8e6bf485c7805d9e319d76e284"
 dependencies = [
  "core-foundation-sys",
  "libc",
@@ -2590,9 +2590,9 @@ version = "1.0.126"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "963a7dbc9895aeac7ac90e74f34a5d5261828f79df35cbed41e10189d3804d43"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2678,24 +2678,24 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "signal-hook-registry"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "16f1d0fef1604ba8f7a073c7e701f213e056707210e9020af4528e0101ce11a6"
+checksum = "e51e73328dc4ac0c7ccbda3a494dfa03df1de2f46018127f60c693f2648455b0"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "signature"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "65211b7b6fc3f14ff9fc7a2011a434e3e6880585bd2e9e9396315ae24cbf7852"
+checksum = "0f0242b8e50dd9accdd56170e94ca1ebd223b098eb9c83539a6e367d0f36ae68"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "slab"
-version = "0.4.2"
+version = "0.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c111b5bd5695e56cffe5129854aa230b39c93a305372fdbb2668ca2394eea9f8"
+checksum = "f173ac3d1a7e3b28003f40de0b5ce7fe2710f9b9dc3fc38664cebee46b3b6527"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
@@ -2714,14 +2714,23 @@ checksum = "fe0f37c9e8f3c5a4a66ad655a93c74daac4ad00c441533bf5c6e7990bb42604e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
-version = "0.3.17"
+version = "0.3.19"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2c29947abdee2a218277abeca306f25789c938e500ea5a9d4b12a5a504466902"
+checksum = "122e570113d28d773067fab24266b66753f6ea915758651696b6e35e49f88d6e"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "libc",
- "redox_syscall 0.1.56",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "socket2"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9e3dfc207c526015c632472a77be09cf1b6e46866581aecae5cc38fb4235dea2"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2752,13 +2761,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "bincode",
  "borsh 0.9.0",
  "borsh-derive 0.9.0",
- "futures 0.3.12",
- "mio 0.7.11",
+ "futures 0.3.15",
+ "mio 0.7.13",
  "solana-banks-interface",
  "solana-program 1.8.0",
  "solana-sdk",
  "tarpc",
- "tokio 1.4.0",
+ "tokio 1.7.1",
  "tokio-serde",
 ]
 
@@ -2766,7 +2775,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "solana-banks-interface"
 version = "1.8.0"
 dependencies = [
- "mio 0.7.11",
+ "mio 0.7.13",
  "serde",
  "solana-sdk",
  "tarpc",
@@ -2777,15 +2786,15 @@ name = "solana-banks-server"
 version = "1.8.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bincode",
- "futures 0.3.12",
+ "futures 0.3.15",
  "log",
- "mio 0.7.11",
+ "mio 0.7.13",
  "solana-banks-interface",
  "solana-metrics",
  "solana-runtime",
  "solana-sdk",
  "tarpc",
- "tokio 1.4.0",
+ "tokio 1.7.1",
  "tokio-serde",
  "tokio-stream",
 ]
@@ -2795,11 +2804,12 @@ name = "solana-bpf-loader-program"
 version = "1.8.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bincode",
- "byteorder 1.3.4",
+ "byteorder 1.4.3",
  "log",
  "num-derive",
  "num-traits",
- "rand_core 0.6.2",
+ "openssl",
+ "rand_core 0.6.3",
  "regex",
  "sha3",
  "solana-measure",
@@ -2814,11 +2824,11 @@ name = "solana-bpf-programs"
 version = "1.8.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bincode",
- "byteorder 1.3.4",
+ "byteorder 1.4.3",
  "elf",
  "itertools 0.10.1",
  "log",
- "miow 0.3.6",
+ "miow 0.3.7",
  "net2",
  "solana-account-decoder",
  "solana-bpf-loader-program",
@@ -2854,6 +2864,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "solana-program 1.8.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "solana-bpf-rust-bignumber"
+version = "1.8.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "solana-program 1.8.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "solana-bpf-rust-call-depth"
 version = "1.8.0"
@@ -2879,7 +2896,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "solana-bpf-rust-dep-crate"
 version = "1.8.0"
 dependencies = [
- "byteorder 1.3.4",
+ "byteorder 1.4.3",
  "solana-program 1.8.0",
 ]
 
@@ -3036,7 +3053,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "solana-bpf-rust-rand"
 version = "1.8.0"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.1.14",
+ "getrandom 0.1.16",
  "rand 0.7.3",
  "solana-program 1.8.0",
 ]
@@ -3183,7 +3200,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "solana-version",
  "solana-vote-program",
  "thiserror",
- "tokio 1.4.0",
+ "tokio 1.7.1",
  "tungstenite",
  "url",
 ]
@@ -3195,7 +3212,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bincode",
  "chrono",
  "log",
- "rand_core 0.6.2",
+ "rand_core 0.6.3",
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
  "solana-sdk",
@@ -3208,7 +3225,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "backtrace",
  "bytes 0.4.12",
  "cc",
- "curve25519-dalek 2.1.0",
+ "curve25519-dalek 2.1.2",
  "ed25519-dalek",
  "either",
  "lazy_static",
@@ -3219,9 +3236,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "ring",
  "serde",
  "syn 0.15.44",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
  "tokio 0.1.22",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3229,7 +3246,7 @@ name = "solana-faucet"
 version = "1.8.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bincode",
- "byteorder 1.3.4",
+ "byteorder 1.4.3",
  "clap",
  "log",
  "serde",
@@ -3242,14 +3259,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "solana-version",
  "spl-memo",
  "thiserror",
- "tokio 1.4.0",
+ "tokio 1.7.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "solana-frozen-abi"
-version = "1.7.1"
+version = "1.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "95c481f0f29753f5b2d382628abae98a1dd87b572ddc7cbe5fe55ca62b6f7f07"
+checksum = "e8deae875976c64b1cecfc501575ff0185aa3953be29691e83ebab04f94490ac"
 dependencies = [
  "bs58 0.3.1",
  "bv",
@@ -3260,8 +3277,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
  "sha2",
- "solana-frozen-abi-macro 1.7.1",
- "solana-logger 1.7.1",
+ "solana-frozen-abi-macro 1.7.2",
+ "solana-logger 1.7.2",
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
@@ -3285,31 +3302,31 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "solana-frozen-abi-macro"
-version = "1.7.1"
+version = "1.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f2068bcc47160ac9081893439b10a05e4bbe85cc0f6bccb6f1b0815423fbdd0c"
+checksum = "4b59337556e8d6240dbc75c793af59accbcbbd93e77a45a346c20fc296b3845d"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
  "rustc_version 0.2.3",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "solana-frozen-abi-macro"
 version = "1.8.0"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
  "rustc_version 0.4.0",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "solana-logger"
-version = "1.7.1"
+version = "1.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7ea5932e186629f47859924b3773cfd8bcb4b8796898ac85c1fa0a6a2024e5c6"
+checksum = "eb0c0bd132b3efa7b6c561618da1d31ff0688c7f0281545d11199f56ee6ca7cb"
 dependencies = [
  "env_logger",
  "lazy_static",
@@ -3357,28 +3374,28 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand 0.7.3",
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
- "socket2",
+ "socket2 0.3.19",
  "solana-clap-utils",
  "solana-logger 1.8.0",
  "solana-sdk",
  "solana-version",
- "tokio 1.4.0",
+ "tokio 1.7.1",
  "url",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "solana-program"
-version = "1.7.1"
+version = "1.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7a2df39c63e21c5b58e2012e7675bed5e8dd5100470ffddedcafb78f5a7e3abe"
+checksum = "ea60f6b6d29488e780ce5a9cd4f7ce0d83aebe58910ae2f10cee36f69e266f30"
 dependencies = [
  "bincode",
  "blake3",
- "borsh 0.8.1",
- "borsh-derive 0.8.1",
+ "borsh 0.8.2",
+ "borsh-derive 0.8.2",
  "bs58 0.3.1",
  "bv",
- "curve25519-dalek 2.1.0",
+ "curve25519-dalek 2.1.2",
  "hex",
  "itertools 0.9.0",
  "lazy_static",
@@ -3393,10 +3410,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
  "sha2",
  "sha3",
- "solana-frozen-abi 1.7.1",
- "solana-frozen-abi-macro 1.7.1",
- "solana-logger 1.7.1",
- "solana-sdk-macro 1.7.1",
+ "solana-frozen-abi 1.7.2",
+ "solana-frozen-abi-macro 1.7.2",
+ "solana-logger 1.7.2",
+ "solana-sdk-macro 1.7.2",
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
@@ -3410,13 +3427,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "borsh-derive 0.9.0",
  "bs58 0.4.0",
  "bv",
- "curve25519-dalek 2.1.0",
+ "curve25519-dalek 2.1.2",
  "hex",
  "itertools 0.10.1",
  "lazy_static",
  "log",
  "num-derive",
  "num-traits",
+ "openssl",
  "rand 0.7.3",
  "rustc_version 0.4.0",
  "rustversion",
@@ -3442,7 +3460,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "chrono",
  "chrono-humanize",
  "log",
- "mio 0.7.11",
+ "mio 0.7.13",
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
  "solana-banks-client",
@@ -3453,7 +3471,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "solana-sdk",
  "solana-vote-program",
  "thiserror",
- "tokio 1.4.0",
+ "tokio 1.7.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3491,7 +3509,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bincode",
  "blake3",
  "bv",
- "byteorder 1.3.4",
+ "byteorder 1.4.3",
  "bzip2",
  "crossbeam-channel",
  "dashmap",
@@ -3540,7 +3558,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bincode",
  "bs58 0.4.0",
  "bv",
- "byteorder 1.3.4",
+ "byteorder 1.4.3",
  "chrono",
  "derivation-path",
  "digest 0.9.0",
@@ -3560,7 +3578,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "qstring",
  "rand 0.7.3",
  "rand_chacha 0.2.2",
- "rand_core 0.6.2",
+ "rand_core 0.6.3",
  "rustc_version 0.4.0",
  "rustversion",
  "serde",
@@ -3581,15 +3599,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "solana-sdk-macro"
-version = "1.7.1"
+version = "1.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6473d8fa445520564c84e8803320721404d160ffd876a125326a726541f11534"
+checksum = "ea740a2599496175f2d1bd47f54d799c7f2d8c00152a4eb9aed21047cdb30c23"
 dependencies = [
  "bs58 0.3.1",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
  "rustversion",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3597,10 +3615,10 @@ name = "solana-sdk-macro"
 version = "1.8.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bs58 0.4.0",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
  "rustversion",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3697,7 +3715,7 @@ version = "0.2.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c44596a3613a44f76a7f6e5205464a1e78d1529fa19e8eacde0b9e55a6387f50"
 dependencies = [
- "byteorder 1.3.4",
+ "byteorder 1.4.3",
  "combine",
  "goblin",
  "hash32",
@@ -3722,7 +3740,7 @@ version = "1.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4adc47eebe5d2b662cbaaba1843719c28a67e5ec5d0460bc3ca60900a51f74e2"
 dependencies = [
- "solana-program 1.7.1",
+ "solana-program 1.7.2",
  "spl-token",
 ]
 
@@ -3732,7 +3750,7 @@ version = "3.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "bd0dc6f70db6bacea7ff25870b016a65ba1d1b6013536f08e4fd79a8f9005325"
 dependencies = [
- "solana-program 1.7.1",
+ "solana-program 1.7.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3745,7 +3763,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-derive",
  "num-traits",
  "num_enum",
- "solana-program 1.7.1",
+ "solana-program 1.7.2",
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
@@ -3769,9 +3787,9 @@ checksum = "8ea5119cdb4c55b55d432abb513a0429384878c15dde60cc77b1c99de1a95a6a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "subtle"
-version = "2.2.2"
+version = "2.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7c65d530b10ccaeac294f349038a597e435b18fb456aadd0840a623f83b9e941"
+checksum = "1e81da0851ada1f3e9d4312c704aa4f8806f0f9d69faaf8df2f3464b4a9437c2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "symlink"
@@ -3792,25 +3810,25 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "1.0.67"
+version = "1.0.73"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6498a9efc342871f91cc2d0d694c674368b4ceb40f62b65a7a08c3792935e702"
+checksum = "f71489ff30030d2ae598524f61326b902466f72a0fb1a8564c001cc63425bcc7"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "unicode-xid 0.2.0",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "unicode-xid 0.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "synstructure"
-version = "0.12.3"
+version = "0.12.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "67656ea1dc1b41b1451851562ea232ec2e5a80242139f7e679ceccfb5d61f545"
+checksum = "b834f2d66f734cb897113e34aaff2f1ab4719ca946f9a7358dba8f8064148701"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
- "unicode-xid 0.2.0",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
+ "unicode-xid 0.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3832,16 +3850,16 @@ checksum = "82cb992a07637db1bcc0e4511d0c58c3f3a03f509d7c6cc2826f7646deac2032"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "fnv",
- "futures 0.3.12",
+ "futures 0.3.15",
  "humantime",
  "opentelemetry",
  "pin-project",
- "rand 0.8.2",
+ "rand 0.8.4",
  "serde",
  "static_assertions",
  "tarpc-plugins",
  "thiserror",
- "tokio 1.4.0",
+ "tokio 1.7.1",
  "tokio-serde",
  "tokio-util",
  "tracing",
@@ -3854,9 +3872,9 @@ version = "0.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ea80818e6c75f81d961d7426c1b938cbea6b3a51533b5ee71b61f82166b7ef3d"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3867,29 +3885,29 @@ checksum = "dac1c663cfc93810f88aed9b8941d48cabf856a1b111c29a40439018d870eb22"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "libc",
- "rand 0.8.2",
- "redox_syscall 0.2.4",
+ "rand 0.8.4",
+ "redox_syscall 0.2.9",
  "remove_dir_all",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "termcolor"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bb6bfa289a4d7c5766392812c0a1f4c1ba45afa1ad47803c11e1f407d846d75f"
+checksum = "2dfed899f0eb03f32ee8c6a0aabdb8a7949659e3466561fc0adf54e26d88c5f4"
 dependencies = [
  "winapi-util",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "terminal_size"
-version = "0.1.15"
+version = "0.1.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4bd2d183bd3fac5f5fe38ddbeb4dc9aec4a39a9d7d59e7491d900302da01cbe1"
+checksum = "633c1a546cee861a1a6d0dc69ebeca693bf4296661ba7852b9d21d159e0506df"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3916,9 +3934,9 @@ version = "1.0.25"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8a36768c0fbf1bb15eca10defa29526bda730a2376c2ab4393ccfa16fb1a318d"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3932,12 +3950,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time"
-version = "0.1.43"
+version = "0.1.44"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ca8a50ef2360fbd1eeb0ecd46795a87a19024eb4b53c5dc916ca1fd95fe62438"
+checksum = "6db9e6914ab8b1ae1c260a4ae7a49b6c5611b40328a735b21862567685e73255"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "wasi 0.10.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3960,9 +3979,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tinyvec"
-version = "1.1.1"
+version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "317cca572a0e89c3ce0ca1f1bdc9369547fe318a683418e42ac8f59d14701023"
+checksum = "5b5220f05bb7de7f3f53c7c065e1199b3172696fe2db9f9c4d8ad9b4ee74c342"
 dependencies = [
  "tinyvec_macros",
 ]
@@ -3980,8 +3999,8 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5a09c0b5bb588872ab2f09afa13ee6e9dac11e10a0ec9e8e3ba39a5a5d530af6"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 0.4.12",
- "futures 0.1.29",
- "mio 0.6.22",
+ "futures 0.1.31",
+ "mio 0.6.23",
  "num_cpus",
  "tokio-codec",
  "tokio-current-thread",
@@ -3999,22 +4018,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio"
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.7.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "134af885d758d645f0f0505c9a8b3f9bf8a348fd822e112ab5248138348f1722"
+checksum = "5fb2ed024293bb19f7a5dc54fe83bf86532a44c12a2bb8ba40d64a4509395ca2"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
  "bytes 1.0.1",
  "libc",
  "memchr",
- "mio 0.7.11",
+ "mio 0.7.13",
  "num_cpus",
  "once_cell",
  "parking_lot 0.11.1",
- "pin-project-lite 0.2.4",
+ "pin-project-lite",
  "signal-hook-registry",
  "tokio-macros",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4024,7 +4043,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "25b2998660ba0e70d18684de5d06b70b70a3a747469af9dea7618cc59e75976b"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 0.4.12",
- "futures 0.1.29",
+ "futures 0.1.31",
  "tokio-io",
 ]
 
@@ -4034,7 +4053,7 @@ version = "0.1.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b1de0e32a83f131e002238d7ccde18211c0a5397f60cbfffcb112868c2e0e20e"
 dependencies = [
- "futures 0.1.29",
+ "futures 0.1.31",
  "tokio-executor",
 ]
 
@@ -4045,7 +4064,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "fb2d1b8f4548dbf5e1f7818512e9c406860678f29c300cdf0ebac72d1a3a1671"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-utils 0.7.2",
- "futures 0.1.29",
+ "futures 0.1.31",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4054,7 +4073,7 @@ version = "0.1.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "297a1206e0ca6302a0eed35b700d292b275256f596e2f3fea7729d5e629b6ff4"
 dependencies = [
- "futures 0.1.29",
+ "futures 0.1.31",
  "tokio-io",
  "tokio-threadpool",
 ]
@@ -4066,19 +4085,19 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "57fc868aae093479e3131e3d165c93b1c7474109d13c90ec0dda2a1bbfff0674"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 0.4.12",
- "futures 0.1.29",
+ "futures 0.1.31",
  "log",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-macros"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "caf7b11a536f46a809a8a9f0bb4237020f70ecbf115b842360afb127ea2fda57"
+checksum = "c49e3df43841dafb86046472506755d8501c5615673955f6aa17181125d13c37"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4088,10 +4107,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "09bc590ec4ba8ba87652da2068d150dcada2cfa2e07faae270a5e0409aa51351"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-utils 0.7.2",
- "futures 0.1.29",
+ "futures 0.1.31",
  "lazy_static",
  "log",
- "mio 0.6.22",
+ "mio 0.6.23",
  "num_cpus",
  "parking_lot 0.9.0",
  "slab",
@@ -4107,7 +4126,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "bc6844de72e57df1980054b38be3a9f4702aba4858be64dd700181a8a6d0e1b6"
 dependencies = [
  "rustls",
- "tokio 1.4.0",
+ "tokio 1.7.1",
  "webpki",
 ]
 
@@ -4133,8 +4152,8 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f8864d706fdb3cc0843a49647ac892720dac98a6eeb818b77190592cf4994066"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
- "pin-project-lite 0.2.4",
- "tokio 1.4.0",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "tokio 1.7.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4144,7 +4163,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "edfe50152bc8164fcc456dab7891fa9bf8beaf01c5ee7e1dd43a397c3cf87dee"
 dependencies = [
  "fnv",
- "futures 0.1.29",
+ "futures 0.1.31",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4154,9 +4173,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "98df18ed66e3b72e742f185882a9e201892407957e45fbff8da17ae7a7c51f72"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 0.4.12",
- "futures 0.1.29",
+ "futures 0.1.31",
  "iovec",
- "mio 0.6.22",
+ "mio 0.6.23",
  "tokio-io",
  "tokio-reactor",
 ]
@@ -4170,7 +4189,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-deque 0.7.3",
  "crossbeam-queue",
  "crossbeam-utils 0.7.2",
- "futures 0.1.29",
+ "futures 0.1.31",
  "lazy_static",
  "log",
  "num_cpus",
@@ -4185,7 +4204,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "93044f2d313c95ff1cb7809ce9a7a05735b012288a888b62d4434fd58c94f296"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-utils 0.7.2",
- "futures 0.1.29",
+ "futures 0.1.31",
  "slab",
  "tokio-executor",
 ]
@@ -4197,9 +4216,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e2a0b10e610b39c38b031a2fcab08e4b82f16ece36504988dcbd81dbba650d82"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 0.4.12",
- "futures 0.1.29",
+ "futures 0.1.31",
  "log",
- "mio 0.6.22",
+ "mio 0.6.23",
  "tokio-codec",
  "tokio-io",
  "tokio-reactor",
@@ -4207,16 +4226,16 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-uds"
-version = "0.2.6"
+version = "0.2.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5076db410d6fdc6523df7595447629099a1fdc47b3d9f896220780fa48faf798"
+checksum = "ab57a4ac4111c8c9dbcf70779f6fc8bc35ae4b2454809febac840ad19bd7e4e0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 0.4.12",
- "futures 0.1.29",
+ "futures 0.1.31",
  "iovec",
  "libc",
  "log",
- "mio 0.6.22",
+ "mio 0.6.23",
  "mio-uds",
  "tokio-codec",
  "tokio-io",
@@ -4225,17 +4244,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-util"
-version = "0.6.4"
+version = "0.6.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ec31e5cc6b46e653cf57762f36f71d5e6386391d88a72fd6db4508f8f676fb29"
+checksum = "1caa0b0c8d94a049db56b5acf8cba99dc0623aab1b26d5b5f5e2d945846b3592"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 1.0.1",
  "futures-core",
  "futures-sink",
  "log",
- "pin-project-lite 0.2.4",
+ "pin-project-lite",
  "slab",
- "tokio 1.4.0",
+ "tokio 1.7.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4249,19 +4268,19 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tower-service"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e987b6bf443f4b5b3b6f38704195592cca41c5bb7aedd3c3693c7081f8289860"
+checksum = "360dfd1d6d30e05fda32ace2c8c70e9c0a9da713275777f5a4dbb8a1893930c6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing"
-version = "0.1.21"
+version = "0.1.26"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b0987850db3733619253fe60e17cb59b82d37c7e6c0236bb81e4d6b87c879f27"
+checksum = "09adeb8c97449311ccd28a427f96fb563e7fd31aabf994189879d9da2394b89d"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 0.1.10",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "log",
- "pin-project-lite 0.1.5",
+ "pin-project-lite",
  "tracing-attributes",
  "tracing-core",
 ]
@@ -4272,16 +4291,16 @@ version = "0.1.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c42e6fa53307c8a17e4ccd4dc81cf5ec38db9209f59b222210375b54ee40d1e2"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-core"
-version = "0.1.17"
+version = "0.1.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f50de3927f93d202783f4513cda820ab47ef17f624b03c096e86ef00c67e6b5f"
+checksum = "a9ff14f98b1a4b289c6248a023c1c2fa1491062964e9fed67ab29c4e4da4a052"
 dependencies = [
  "lazy_static",
 ]
@@ -4311,9 +4330,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "try-lock"
-version = "0.2.2"
+version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e604eb7b43c06650e854be16a2a03155743d3752dd1c943f6829e26b7a36e382"
+checksum = "59547bce71d9c38b83d9c0e92b6066c4253371f15005def0c30d9657f50c7642"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tungstenite"
@@ -4322,8 +4341,8 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cfea31758bf674f990918962e8e5f07071a3161bd7c4138ed23e416e1ac4264e"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.11.0",
- "byteorder 1.3.4",
- "bytes 0.5.4",
+ "byteorder 1.4.3",
+ "bytes 0.5.6",
  "http",
  "httparse",
  "input_buffer",
@@ -4337,24 +4356,24 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "typenum"
-version = "1.12.0"
+version = "1.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "373c8a200f9e67a0c95e62a4f52fbf80c23b4381c05a17845531982fa99e6b33"
+checksum = "879f6906492a7cd215bfa4cf595b600146ccfac0c79bcbd1f3000162af5e8b06"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-bidi"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.3.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "49f2bd0c6468a8230e1db229cff8029217cf623c767ea5d60bfbd42729ea54d5"
+checksum = "eeb8be209bb1c96b7c177c7420d26e04eccacb0eeae6b980e35fcb74678107e0"
 dependencies = [
  "matches",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-normalization"
-version = "0.1.16"
+version = "0.1.19"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a13e63ab62dbe32aeee58d1c5408d35c36c392bba5d9d3142287219721afe606"
+checksum = "d54590932941a9e9266f0832deed84ebe1bf2e4c9e4a3554d393d18f5e854bf9"
 dependencies = [
  "tinyvec",
 ]
@@ -4373,9 +4392,9 @@ checksum = "fc72304796d0818e357ead4e000d19c9c174ab23dc11093ac919054d20a6a7fc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-xid"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "826e7639553986605ec5979c7dd957c7895e93eabed50ab2ffa7f6128a75097c"
+checksum = "8ccb82d61f80a663efe1f787a51b16b5a51e3314d6ac365b08639f52387b33f3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unreachable"
@@ -4404,9 +4423,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "url"
-version = "2.2.1"
+version = "2.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9ccd964113622c8e9322cfac19eb1004a07e636c545f325da085d5cdde6f1f8b"
+checksum = "a507c383b2d33b5fc35d1861e77e6b383d158b2da5e14fe51b83dfedf6fd578c"
 dependencies = [
  "form_urlencoded",
  "idna",
@@ -4416,15 +4435,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "utf-8"
-version = "0.7.5"
+version = "0.7.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "05e42f7c18b8f902290b009cde6d651262f956c98bc51bca4cd1d511c9cd85c7"
+checksum = "09cc8ee72d2a9becf2f2febe0205bbed8fc6615b7cb429ad062dc7b7ddd036a9"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vcpkg"
-version = "0.2.11"
+version = "0.2.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b00bca6106a5e23f3eee943593759b7fcddb00554332e856d990c893966879fb"
+checksum = "accd4ea62f7bb7a82fe23066fb0957d48ef677f6eeb8215f372f52e48bb32426"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vec_map"
@@ -4434,9 +4453,9 @@ checksum = "f1bddf1187be692e79c5ffeab891132dfb0f236ed36a43c7ed39f1165ee20191"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "version_check"
-version = "0.9.2"
+version = "0.9.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b5a972e5669d67ba988ce3dc826706fb0a8b01471c088cb0b6110b805cc36aed"
+checksum = "5fecdca9a5291cc2b8dcf7dc02453fee791a280f3743cb0905f8822ae463b3fe"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "void"
@@ -4446,12 +4465,12 @@ checksum = "6a02e4885ed3bc0f2de90ea6dd45ebcbb66dacffe03547fadbb0eeae2770887d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "walkdir"
-version = "2.3.1"
+version = "2.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "777182bc735b6424e1a57516d35ed72cb8019d85c8c9bf536dccb3445c1a2f7d"
+checksum = "808cf2735cd4b6866113f648b791c6adc5714537bc222d9347bb203386ffda56"
 dependencies = [
  "same-file",
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
  "winapi-util",
 ]
 
@@ -4473,15 +4492,15 @@ checksum = "cccddf32554fecc6acb585f82a32a72e28b48f8c4c1883ddfeeeaa96f7d8e519"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasi"
-version = "0.10.1+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
+version = "0.10.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "93c6c3420963c5c64bca373b25e77acb562081b9bb4dd5bb864187742186cea9"
+checksum = "1a143597ca7c7793eff794def352d41792a93c481eb1042423ff7ff72ba2c31f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.72"
+version = "0.2.74"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8fe8f61dba8e5d645a4d8132dc7a0a66861ed5e1045d2c0ed940fab33bac0fbe"
+checksum = "d54ee1d4ed486f78874278e63e4069fc1ab9f6a18ca492076ffb90c5eb2997fd"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "serde",
@@ -4491,24 +4510,24 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-backend"
-version = "0.2.72"
+version = "0.2.74"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "046ceba58ff062da072c7cb4ba5b22a37f00a302483f7e2a6cdc18fedbdc1fd3"
+checksum = "3b33f6a0694ccfea53d94db8b2ed1c3a8a4c86dd936b13b9f0a15ec4a451b900"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "lazy_static",
  "log",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
-version = "0.4.22"
+version = "0.4.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "73157efb9af26fb564bb59a009afd1c7c334a44db171d280690d0c3faaec3468"
+checksum = "5fba7978c679d53ce2d0ac80c8c175840feb849a161664365d1287b41f2e67f1"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "js-sys",
@@ -4518,38 +4537,38 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.72"
+version = "0.2.74"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0ef9aa01d36cda046f797c57959ff5f3c615c9cc63997a8d545831ec7976819b"
+checksum = "088169ca61430fe1e58b8096c24975251700e7b1f6fd91cc9d59b04fb9b18bd4"
 dependencies = [
- "quote 1.0.6",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.72"
+version = "0.2.74"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96eb45c1b2ee33545a813a92dbb53856418bf7eb54ab34f7f7ff1448a5b3735d"
+checksum = "be2241542ff3d9f241f5e2cb6dd09b37efe786df8851c54957683a49f0987a97"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.72"
+version = "0.2.74"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b7148f4696fb4960a346eaa60bbfb42a1ac4ebba21f750f75fc1375b098d5ffa"
+checksum = "d7cff876b8f18eed75a66cf49b65e7f967cb354a7aa16003fb55dbfd25b44b4f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
-version = "0.3.40"
+version = "0.3.51"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7b72fe77fd39e4bd3eaa4412fd299a0be6b3dfe9d2597e2f1c20beb968f41d17"
+checksum = "e828417b379f3df7111d3a2a9e5753706cae29c41f7c4029ee9fd77f3e09e582"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -4557,9 +4576,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "webpki"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.21.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f1f50e1972865d6b1adb54167d1c8ed48606004c2c9d0ea5f1eeb34d95e863ef"
+checksum = "b8e38c0608262c46d4a56202ebabdeb094cef7e560ca7a226c6bf055188aa4ea"
 dependencies = [
  "ring",
  "untrusted",
@@ -4567,9 +4586,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "webpki-roots"
-version = "0.21.0"
+version = "0.21.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "82015b7e0b8bad8185994674a13a93306bea76cf5a16c5a181382fd3a5ec2376"
+checksum = "aabe153544e473b775453675851ecc86863d2a81d786d741f6b76778f2a48940"
 dependencies = [
  "webpki",
 ]
@@ -4582,9 +4601,9 @@ checksum = "167dc9d6949a9b857f3451275e911c3f44255842c1f7a76f33c55103a909087a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi"
-version = "0.3.8"
+version = "0.3.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8093091eeb260906a183e6ae1abdba2ef5ef2257a21801128899c3fc699229c6"
+checksum = "5c839a674fcd7a98952e593242ea400abe93992746761e38641405d28b00f419"
 dependencies = [
  "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
  "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
@@ -4608,7 +4627,7 @@ version = "0.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "70ec6ce85bb158151cae5e5c87f95a8e97d2c0c4b001223f33a334e3ce5de178"
 dependencies = [
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4623,7 +4642,7 @@ version = "0.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0120db82e8a1e0b9fb3345a539c478767c0048d842860994d96113d5b667bd69"
 dependencies = [
- "winapi 0.3.8",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4656,39 +4675,39 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zeroize"
-version = "1.2.0"
+version = "1.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "81a974bcdd357f0dca4d41677db03436324d45a4c9ed2d0b873a5a360ce41c36"
+checksum = "4756f7db3f7b5574938c3eb1c117038b8e07f95ee6718c0efad4ac21508f1efd"
 dependencies = [
  "zeroize_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zeroize_derive"
-version = "1.0.0"
+version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "de251eec69fc7c1bc3923403d18ececb929380e016afe103da75f396704f8ca2"
+checksum = "a2c1e130bebaeab2f23886bf9acbaca14b092408c452543c857f66399cd6dab1"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.24",
- "quote 1.0.6",
- "syn 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.27",
+ "quote 1.0.9",
+ "syn 1.0.73",
  "synstructure",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zstd"
-version = "0.5.3+zstd.1.4.5"
+version = "0.5.4+zstd.1.4.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "01b32eaf771efa709e8308605bbf9319bf485dc1503179ec0469b611937c0cd8"
+checksum = "69996ebdb1ba8b1517f61387a883857818a66c8a295f487b1ffd8fd9d2c82910"
 dependencies = [
  "zstd-safe",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zstd-safe"
-version = "2.0.5+zstd.1.4.5"
+version = "2.0.6+zstd.1.4.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1cfb642e0d27f64729a639c52db457e0ae906e7bc6f5fe8f5c453230400f1055"
+checksum = "98aa931fb69ecee256d44589d19754e61851ae4769bf963b385119b1cc37a49e"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "zstd-sys",
@@ -4696,9 +4715,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zstd-sys"
-version = "1.4.17+zstd.1.4.5"
+version = "1.4.18+zstd.1.4.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b89249644df056b522696b1bb9e7c18c87e8ffa3e2f0dc3b0155875d6498f01b"
+checksum = "a1e6e8778706838f43f771d80d37787cb2fe06dafe89dd3aebaf6721b9eaec81"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "glob",
diff --git a/programs/bpf/Cargo.toml b/programs/bpf/Cargo.toml
index fadbfb9737289d..0fb9f037345480 100644
--- a/programs/bpf/Cargo.toml
+++ b/programs/bpf/Cargo.toml
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ members = [
     "rust/128bit",
     "rust/128bit_dep",
     "rust/alloc",
+    "rust/bignumber",
     "rust/call_depth",
     "rust/caller_access",
     "rust/custom_heap",
diff --git a/programs/bpf/build.rs b/programs/bpf/build.rs
index 8d16b204a76cc9..655e00b814bc56 100644
--- a/programs/bpf/build.rs
+++ b/programs/bpf/build.rs
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ fn main() {
         let rust_programs = [
             "128bit",
             "alloc",
+            "bignumber",
             "call_depth",
             "caller_access",
             "custom_heap",
diff --git a/programs/bpf/c/src/bignumber/bignumber.c b/programs/bpf/c/src/bignumber/bignumber.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..adb7bcb1189243
--- /dev/null
+++ b/programs/bpf/c/src/bignumber/bignumber.c
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/**
+ * @brief Example C based BPF program that tests the BugNum syscalls
+ */
+#include <solana_bignumber.h>
+#include <solana_sdk.h>
+
+static const char LONG_DEC_STRING[] =
+    "1470463693494555670176851280755142329532258274256991544781479988";
+static const char NEG_LONG_DEC_STRING[] =
+    "-1470463693494555670176851280755142329532258274256991544781479988";
+
+void test_constructors() {
+  sol_log("BigNumber constructors");
+
+  {
+    SolBigNumber bn_0 = sol_bignum_from_u32(0);
+    SolBigNumber bn_u32 = sol_bignum_init(1);
+    sol_assert(sol_bignum_equal(&bn_0, &bn_u32));
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_u32);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_0);
+  }
+  {
+    SolBigNumber max_bn_u32 = sol_bignum_from_u32(UINT32_MAX);
+    uint8_t expected[] = {255, 255, 255, 255};
+    sol_assert(!sol_memcmp(max_bn_u32.data_addr, &expected, 4));
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&max_bn_u32);
+  }
+  {
+    uint8_t bytes[] = {255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255};
+    SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_from_bytes(bytes, SOL_ARRAY_SIZE(bytes));
+    sol_assert(!sol_memcmp(bn.data_addr, bytes, 8));
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn);
+  }
+  {
+    uint8_t *bytes = sol_calloc(1024, 1);
+    sol_memset(bytes, 255, 1024);
+    SolBigNumber bn_long = sol_bignum_from_bytes(bytes, 1024);
+    sol_assert(!sol_memcmp(bn_long.data_addr, bytes, 1024));
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_long);
+  }
+  {
+    SolBigNumber bn_from_dec =
+        sol_bignum_from_dec_str(LONG_DEC_STRING, sol_strlen(LONG_DEC_STRING));
+    sol_assert(!bn_from_dec.is_negative);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_from_dec);
+  }
+  {
+    SolBigNumber bn_from_dec = sol_bignum_from_dec_str(
+        NEG_LONG_DEC_STRING, sol_strlen(NEG_LONG_DEC_STRING));
+    sol_assert(bn_from_dec.is_negative);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_from_dec);
+  }
+}
+
+void test_basic_maths() {
+  sol_log("BigNumber Basic Maths");
+
+  SolBigNumber bn_5 = sol_bignum_from_u32(5);
+  SolBigNumber bn_258 = sol_bignum_from_u32(258);
+
+  SolBigNumber added = sol_bignum_add(&bn_5, &bn_258);
+  uint8_t add_expected[] = {1, 7};
+  sol_assert(!sol_memcmp(added.data_addr, add_expected, 2));
+  sol_bignum_deinit(&added);
+
+  SolBigNumber subed = sol_bignum_sub(&bn_5, &bn_258);
+  uint8_t sub_expected[] = {253};
+  sol_assert(!sol_memcmp(subed.data_addr, sub_expected, 1));
+  sol_assert(subed.is_negative);
+  sol_bignum_deinit(&subed);
+
+  SolBigNumber muled = sol_bignum_mul(&bn_5, &bn_5);
+  uint8_t mul_expected[] = {25};
+  sol_assert(!sol_memcmp(muled.data_addr, mul_expected, 1));
+  sol_bignum_deinit(&muled);
+
+  SolBigNumber bn_300 = sol_bignum_from_u32(300);
+  SolBigNumber bn_10 = sol_bignum_from_u32(10);
+  SolBigNumber dived = sol_bignum_div(&bn_300, &bn_10);
+  uint8_t div_expected[] = {30};
+  sol_assert(!sol_memcmp(dived.data_addr, div_expected, 1));
+  sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_300);
+  sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_10);
+  sol_bignum_deinit(&dived);
+
+  sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_258);
+  sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_5);
+}
+
+void test_complex_maths() {
+  sol_log("BigNumber Complex Maths");
+  {
+    SolBigNumber bn_arg1 = sol_bignum_from_u32(300);
+    SolBigNumber sqr_res = sol_bignum_sqr(&bn_arg1);
+    uint8_t sqr_expected[] = {1, 95, 144};
+    sol_assert(!sol_memcmp(sqr_res.data_addr, sqr_expected, 3));
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_arg1);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&sqr_res);
+  }
+  {
+    SolBigNumber bn_arg1 = sol_bignum_from_u32(8);
+    SolBigNumber bn_arg2 = sol_bignum_from_u32(2);
+    SolBigNumber exp_res = sol_bignum_exp(&bn_arg1, &bn_arg2);
+    uint8_t exp_expected[] = {64};
+    sol_assert(!sol_memcmp(exp_res.data_addr, exp_expected, 1));
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_arg2);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_arg1);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&exp_res);
+  }
+  {
+    SolBigNumber bn_arg1 = sol_bignum_from_u32(300);
+    SolBigNumber bn_arg2 = sol_bignum_from_u32(11);
+    SolBigNumber mod_sqr = sol_bignum_mod_sqr(&bn_arg1, &bn_arg2);
+    uint8_t mod_sqr_expected[] = {9};
+    sol_assert(!sol_memcmp(mod_sqr.data_addr, mod_sqr_expected, 1));
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_arg2);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_arg1);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&mod_sqr);
+  }
+  {
+    SolBigNumber bn_arg1 = sol_bignum_from_u32(300);
+    SolBigNumber bn_arg2 = sol_bignum_from_u32(11);
+    SolBigNumber bn_arg3 = sol_bignum_from_u32(7);
+    SolBigNumber mod_exp = sol_bignum_mod_exp(&bn_arg1, &bn_arg2, &bn_arg3);
+    uint8_t mod_exp_expected[] = {6};
+    sol_assert(!sol_memcmp(mod_exp.data_addr, mod_exp_expected, 1));
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_arg3);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_arg2);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_arg1);
+  }
+  {
+    SolBigNumber bn_arg1 = sol_bignum_from_u32(300);
+    SolBigNumber bn_arg2 = sol_bignum_from_u32(11);
+    SolBigNumber bn_arg3 = sol_bignum_from_u32(7);
+    SolBigNumber mod_mul = sol_bignum_mod_mul(&bn_arg1, &bn_arg2, &bn_arg3);
+    uint8_t mod_mul_expected[] = {3};
+    sol_assert(!sol_memcmp(mod_mul.data_addr, mod_mul_expected, 1));
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_arg3);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_arg2);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_arg1);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&mod_mul);
+  }
+  {
+    SolBigNumber bn_arg1 = sol_bignum_from_u32(415);
+    SolBigNumber bn_arg2 = sol_bignum_from_u32(7);
+    SolBigNumber mod_inv = sol_bignum_mod_inv(&bn_arg1, &bn_arg2);
+    uint8_t mod_inv_expected[] = {4};
+    sol_assert(!sol_memcmp(mod_inv.data_addr, mod_inv_expected, 1));
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_arg2);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&bn_arg1);
+    sol_bignum_deinit(&mod_inv);
+  }
+}
+
+void test_output_logging() {
+  {
+    SolBigNumber bn =
+        sol_bignum_from_dec_str(LONG_DEC_STRING, sol_strlen(LONG_DEC_STRING));
+    sol_bignum_log(&bn);
+  }
+  {
+    SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_from_dec_str(NEG_LONG_DEC_STRING,
+                                              sol_strlen(NEG_LONG_DEC_STRING));
+    sol_bignum_log(&bn);
+  }
+}
+
+extern uint64_t entrypoint(const uint8_t *input) {
+  sol_log("bignum");
+
+  test_constructors();
+  test_basic_maths();
+  test_complex_maths();
+  test_output_logging();
+
+  return SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/Cargo.toml b/programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..562ea9e2d5b94f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[package]
+name = "solana-bpf-rust-bignumber"
+version = "1.8.0"
+description = "Solana BPF BigNumber test program written in Rust"
+authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.foundation>"]
+repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+homepage = "https://solana.com/"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/solana-bpf-rust-bignumber"
+edition = "2018"
+
+[dependencies]
+solana-program = { path = "../../../../sdk/program", version = "=1.8.0" }
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+targets = ["x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"]
diff --git a/programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/src/lib.rs b/programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..1bf24957bbbd00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+//! @brief BigNumber Syscall integration test
+extern crate solana_program;
+use solana_program::{bignumber::BigNumber, custom_panic_default, entrypoint::SUCCESS, msg};
+
+const LONG_DEC_STRING: &str = "1470463693494555670176851280755142329532258274256991544781479988";
+const NEG_LONG_DEC_STRING: &str =
+    "-1470463693494555670176851280755142329532258274256991544781479988";
+
+/// BigNumber construction
+fn test_constructors() {
+    msg!("BigNumber constructors");
+    let base_bn_0 = BigNumber::new();
+    assert_eq!(base_bn_0.size_in_bytes(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(base_bn_0.to_vec(), vec![0u8]);
+    let default_0 = BigNumber::default();
+    assert_eq!(base_bn_0, default_0);
+    let new_bn_0 = BigNumber::from_u32(0);
+    assert_eq!(new_bn_0, default_0);
+    let max_bn_u32 = BigNumber::from_u32(u32::MAX);
+    assert_eq!(max_bn_u32.to_vec(), vec![255, 255, 255, 255]);
+    let slice_vec = vec![255u8, 8];
+    let bn_test_slice = BigNumber::from_bytes(&slice_vec);
+    assert_eq!(bn_test_slice.to_vec(), slice_vec);
+    let big_slice_vec = vec![255u8; 1024];
+    let bn_test_slice = BigNumber::from_bytes(&big_slice_vec);
+    assert_eq!(bn_test_slice.to_vec(), big_slice_vec);
+    let bn_from_dec = BigNumber::from_dec_str(LONG_DEC_STRING);
+    assert!(!bn_from_dec.is_negative());
+    let bn_from_dec = BigNumber::from_dec_str(NEG_LONG_DEC_STRING);
+    assert!(bn_from_dec.is_negative());
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+=======
+>>>>>>> 2961987fa (Bignum syscalls)
+    // Test endian encoding
+    let be_bytes_in = u32::to_be_bytes(256);
+    let bn_bytes_out = BigNumber::from_bytes(&be_bytes_in).to_vec();
+    assert_eq!(bn_bytes_out, [1, 0]);
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+    let be_bytes_in: Vec<u8> = vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0];
+    let bn_bytes_out = BigNumber::from_bytes(&be_bytes_in).to_vec();
+    assert_eq!(bn_bytes_out, [1, 0]);
+=======
+>>>>>>> aab413c19 (Align files with struct names)
+=======
+
+>>>>>>> 2961987fa (Bignum syscalls)
+=======
+>>>>>>> 7eee92e63 (Bignum syscalls - fix format issue)
+=======
+    let be_bytes_in: Vec<u8> = vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0];
+    let bn_bytes_out = BigNumber::from_bytes(&be_bytes_in).to_vec();
+    assert_eq!(bn_bytes_out, [1, 0]);
+>>>>>>> 51b0df078 (Bignum encoding length variations)
+}
+
+/// BigNumber simple number and simple maths
+fn test_basic_maths() {
+    msg!("BigNumber Basic Maths");
+    let bn_5 = BigNumber::from_u32(5);
+    let bn_258 = BigNumber::from_u32(258);
+    let added = bn_5.add(&bn_258);
+    assert_eq!(added.to_vec(), [1, 7]);
+    let subed = bn_5.sub(&bn_258);
+    assert_eq!(subed.to_vec(), vec![253]);
+    assert!(subed.is_negative());
+    let muled = bn_5.mul(&bn_5);
+    assert_eq!(muled.to_vec(), vec![25]);
+    let bn_300 = BigNumber::from_u32(300);
+    let bn_10 = BigNumber::from_u32(10);
+    let dived = bn_300.div(&bn_10);
+    assert_eq!(dived.to_vec(), vec![30]);
+}
+
+/// BigNumber bigger numbers and complex maths
+fn test_complex_maths() {
+    msg!("BigNumber Complex Maths");
+    let bn_arg1 = BigNumber::from_u32(300);
+    let sqr_res = bn_arg1.sqr();
+    assert_eq!(sqr_res.to_vec(), vec![1, 95, 144]);
+    let bn_arg2 = BigNumber::from_u32(8);
+    let bn_arg3 = BigNumber::from_u32(2);
+    let exp_res = bn_arg2.exp(&bn_arg3);
+    assert_eq!(exp_res.to_vec(), vec![64]);
+    let bn_arg1 = BigNumber::from_u32(300);
+    let bn_arg2 = BigNumber::from_u32(11);
+    let mod_sqr = bn_arg1.mod_sqr(&bn_arg2);
+    assert_eq!(mod_sqr.to_vec(), vec![9]);
+    let bn_arg1 = BigNumber::from_u32(300);
+    let bn_arg2 = BigNumber::from_u32(11);
+    let bn_arg3 = BigNumber::from_u32(7);
+    let mod_exp = bn_arg1.mod_exp(&bn_arg2, &bn_arg3);
+    assert_eq!(mod_exp.to_vec(), vec![6]);
+    let mod_mul = bn_arg1.mod_mul(&bn_arg2, &bn_arg3);
+    assert_eq!(mod_mul.to_vec(), vec![3]);
+    let bn_arg1 = BigNumber::from_u32(415);
+    let bn_arg2 = BigNumber::from_u32(7);
+    let mod_inv = bn_arg1.mod_inv(&bn_arg2);
+    assert_eq!(mod_inv.to_vec(), vec![4]);
+}
+
+fn test_output_logging() {
+    let bn_from_dec = BigNumber::from_dec_str(LONG_DEC_STRING);
+    bn_from_dec.log();
+    let bn_from_dec = BigNumber::from_dec_str(NEG_LONG_DEC_STRING);
+    bn_from_dec.log();
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn entrypoint(_input: *mut u8) -> u64 {
+    msg!("bignum");
+    test_constructors();
+    test_basic_maths();
+    test_complex_maths();
+    test_output_logging();
+
+    SUCCESS
+}
+
+custom_panic_default!();
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic_constructors_pass() {
+        test_constructors();
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn test_simple_maths_pass() {
+        test_basic_maths();
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn test_complex_maths_pass() {
+        test_complex_maths();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_logging() {
+        test_output_logging();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs b/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs
index 5b8acc15655bd7..c58f0dd6e3462e 100644
--- a/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs
+++ b/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs
@@ -430,6 +430,15 @@ fn test_program_bpf_sanity() {
     {
         programs.extend_from_slice(&[
             ("alloc", true),
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+            ("bignumber", true),
+=======
+            ("bignum", true),
+>>>>>>> e515f0c31 (Add C bindings and tests)
+=======
+            ("bignumber", true),
+>>>>>>> aab413c19 (Align files with struct names)
             ("bpf_to_bpf", true),
             ("float", true),
             ("multiple_static", true),
@@ -449,6 +458,7 @@ fn test_program_bpf_sanity() {
         programs.extend_from_slice(&[
             ("solana_bpf_rust_128bit", true),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_alloc", true),
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_bignumber", true),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_custom_heap", true),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_dep_crate", true),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_external_spend", false),
@@ -1291,10 +1301,23 @@ fn assert_instruction_count() {
     {
         programs.extend_from_slice(&[
             ("solana_bpf_rust_128bit", 584),
-            ("solana_bpf_rust_alloc", 7082),
-            ("solana_bpf_rust_custom_heap", 522),
-            ("solana_bpf_rust_dep_crate", 2),
-            ("solana_bpf_rust_external_spend", 504),
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_alloc", 8906),
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_bignumber", 10853),
+=======
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_bignumber", 9967),
+>>>>>>> aab413c19 (Align files with struct names)
+=======
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_bignumber", 10384),
+>>>>>>> 7ba04a7b8 (Bignum - fixed instruction count)
+=======
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_bignumber", 10853),
+>>>>>>> 51b0df078 (Bignum encoding length variations)
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_custom_heap", 539),
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_dep_crate", 47),
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_external_spend", 521),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_iter", 724),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_many_args", 233),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_mem", 3119),
diff --git a/programs/bpf_loader/Cargo.toml b/programs/bpf_loader/Cargo.toml
index 6e536002617ee1..17e22411dfacb0 100644
--- a/programs/bpf_loader/Cargo.toml
+++ b/programs/bpf_loader/Cargo.toml
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ byteorder = "1.3.4"
 log = "0.4.11"
 num-derive = "0.3"
 num-traits = "0.2"
+openssl = { version = "0.10.32", features = ["vendored"] }
 rand_core = "0.6.2"
 sha3 = "0.9.1"
 solana-measure = { path = "../../measure", version = "=1.8.0" }
diff --git a/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs b/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
index 1b900e9b10e076..65b09557c3e78a 100644
--- a/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
+++ b/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{alloc, BpfError};
 use alloc::Alloc;
+use openssl::bn::*;
 use solana_rbpf::{
     aligned_memory::AlignedMemory,
     ebpf::MM_HEAP_START,
@@ -13,13 +14,14 @@ use solana_sdk::{
     account::{Account, AccountSharedData, ReadableAccount},
     account_info::AccountInfo,
     account_utils::StateMut,
+    bignumber::FfiBigNumber,
     blake3, bpf_loader, bpf_loader_deprecated,
     bpf_loader_upgradeable::{self, UpgradeableLoaderState},
     clock::Clock,
     entrypoint::{MAX_PERMITTED_DATA_INCREASE, SUCCESS},
     epoch_schedule::EpochSchedule,
     feature_set::{
-        blake3_syscall_enabled, cpi_data_cost, demote_sysvar_write_locks,
+        bignum_syscall_enabled, blake3_syscall_enabled, cpi_data_cost, demote_sysvar_write_locks,
         enforce_aligned_host_addrs, keccak256_syscall_enabled, memory_ops_syscalls,
         sysvar_via_syscall, update_data_on_realloc,
     },
@@ -76,6 +78,40 @@ pub enum SyscallError {
     TooManyAccounts,
     #[error("Overlapping copy")]
     CopyOverlapping,
+    #[error("BigNumber: Modular exponentiation error {0}")]
+    BigNumberModExpError(String),
+    #[error("BigNumber: Bytes would exceed buffer provided")]
+    BigNumberToBytesError,
+    #[error("BigNumber: expects {0} args but provided {1}")]
+    BigNumberArgError(u64, u64),
+    #[error("BigNumber: add error {0}")]
+    BigNumberAddError(String),
+    #[error("BigNumber: sub error {0}")]
+    BigNumberSubError(String),
+    #[error("BigNumber: mul error {0}")]
+    BigNumberMulError(String),
+    #[error("BigNumber: div error {0}")]
+    BigNumberDivError(String),
+    #[error("BigNumber: exp error {0}")]
+    BigNumberExpError(String),
+    #[error("BigNumber: sqr error {0}")]
+    BigNumberSqrError(String),
+    #[error("BigNumber: mod_sqr error {0}")]
+    BigNumberModSqrError(String),
+    #[error("BigNumber: mod_mul error {0}")]
+    BigNumberModMulError(String),
+    #[error("BigNumber: mod_inv error {0}")]
+    BigNumberModInvError(String),
+    #[error("BigNumber: error in executing operation {0}")]
+    BigNumberOperationError(String),
+    #[error("BigNumber: unknow error encountered")]
+    BigNumberErrorUnknown,
+    #[error("BigNumber: error in converting decimal string to BigNum")]
+    BigNumberFromDecStrError,
+    #[error("BigNumber: size > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE bytes (1 k) error")]
+    BigNumberSizeError,
+    #[error("BigNumber: from_slice error {0}")]
+    BigNumberFromSliceError(String),
 }
 impl From<SyscallError> for EbpfError<BpfError> {
     fn from(error: SyscallError) -> Self {
@@ -167,6 +203,30 @@ pub fn register_syscalls(
     // Memory allocator
     syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_alloc_free_", SyscallAllocFree::call)?;
 
+    if invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()) {
+        syscall_registry
+            .register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_bignum_from_u32_", SyscallBigNumFromU32::call)?;
+        syscall_registry
+            .register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_bignum_from_dec_str_", SyscallBigNumFromDecStr::call)?;
+        syscall_registry
+            .register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_bignum_mod_exp_", SyscallBigNumModExp::call)?;
+        syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_bignum_log_", SyscallBigNumLog::call)?;
+        syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_bignum_add_", SyscallBigNumAdd::call)?;
+        syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_bignum_sub_", SyscallBigNumSub::call)?;
+        syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_bignum_mul_", SyscallBigNumMul::call)?;
+        syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_bignum_div_", SyscallBigNumDiv::call)?;
+        syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_bignum_exp_", SyscallBigNumExp::call)?;
+        syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_bignum_sqr_", SyscallBigNumSqr::call)?;
+        syscall_registry
+            .register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_bignum_mod_sqr_", SyscallBigNumModSqr::call)?;
+        syscall_registry
+            .register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_bignum_mod_mul_", SyscallBigNumModMul::call)?;
+        syscall_registry
+            .register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_bignum_mod_inv_", SyscallBigNumModInv::call)?;
+        syscall_registry
+            .register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_bignum_from_bytes_", SyscallBigNumFromBytes::call)?;
+    }
+
     Ok(syscall_registry)
 }
 
@@ -331,6 +391,163 @@ pub fn bind_syscall_context_objects<'a>(
         }),
     );
 
+    // Bignum
+    bind_feature_gated_syscall_context_object!(
+        vm,
+        invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()),
+        Box::new(SyscallBigNumFromU32 {
+            cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_from_u32_base_cost,
+            word_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost,
+            word_div_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost_divisor,
+            compute_meter: invoke_context.get_compute_meter(),
+            loader_id,
+        }),
+    );
+
+    bind_feature_gated_syscall_context_object!(
+        vm,
+        invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()),
+        Box::new(SyscallBigNumFromDecStr {
+            cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_from_dec_str_base_cost,
+            word_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_from_dec_word_cost,
+            word_div_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost_divisor,
+            compute_meter: invoke_context.get_compute_meter(),
+            loader_id,
+        }),
+    );
+
+    bind_feature_gated_syscall_context_object!(
+        vm,
+        invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()),
+        Box::new(SyscallBigNumAdd {
+            cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_add_cost,
+            word_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost,
+            word_div_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost_divisor,
+            compute_meter: invoke_context.get_compute_meter(),
+            loader_id,
+        }),
+    );
+    bind_feature_gated_syscall_context_object!(
+        vm,
+        invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()),
+        Box::new(SyscallBigNumSub {
+            cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_sub_cost,
+            word_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost,
+            word_div_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost_divisor,
+            compute_meter: invoke_context.get_compute_meter(),
+            loader_id,
+        }),
+    );
+    bind_feature_gated_syscall_context_object!(
+        vm,
+        invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()),
+        Box::new(SyscallBigNumMul {
+            cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_mul_cost,
+            word_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost,
+            word_div_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost_divisor,
+            compute_meter: invoke_context.get_compute_meter(),
+            loader_id,
+        }),
+    );
+    bind_feature_gated_syscall_context_object!(
+        vm,
+        invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()),
+        Box::new(SyscallBigNumDiv {
+            cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_div_cost,
+            word_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost,
+            word_div_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost_divisor,
+            compute_meter: invoke_context.get_compute_meter(),
+            loader_id,
+        }),
+    );
+    bind_feature_gated_syscall_context_object!(
+        vm,
+        invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()),
+        Box::new(SyscallBigNumExp {
+            cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_exp_cost,
+            word_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost,
+            word_div_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost_divisor,
+            compute_meter: invoke_context.get_compute_meter(),
+            loader_id,
+        }),
+    );
+    bind_feature_gated_syscall_context_object!(
+        vm,
+        invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()),
+        Box::new(SyscallBigNumSqr {
+            cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_sqr_cost,
+            word_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost,
+            word_div_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost_divisor,
+            compute_meter: invoke_context.get_compute_meter(),
+            loader_id,
+        }),
+    );
+    bind_feature_gated_syscall_context_object!(
+        vm,
+        invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()),
+        Box::new(SyscallBigNumModSqr {
+            cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_mod_sqr_cost,
+            word_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost,
+            word_div_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost_divisor,
+            compute_meter: invoke_context.get_compute_meter(),
+            loader_id,
+        }),
+    );
+    bind_feature_gated_syscall_context_object!(
+        vm,
+        invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()),
+        Box::new(SyscallBigNumModMul {
+            cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_mod_mul_cost,
+            word_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost,
+            word_div_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost_divisor,
+            compute_meter: invoke_context.get_compute_meter(),
+            loader_id,
+        }),
+    );
+    bind_feature_gated_syscall_context_object!(
+        vm,
+        invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()),
+        Box::new(SyscallBigNumModInv {
+            cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_mod_inv_cost,
+            word_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost,
+            word_div_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost_divisor,
+            compute_meter: invoke_context.get_compute_meter(),
+            loader_id,
+        }),
+    );
+    bind_feature_gated_syscall_context_object!(
+        vm,
+        invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()),
+        Box::new(SyscallBigNumModExp {
+            cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_mod_exp_base_cost,
+            compute_meter: invoke_context.get_compute_meter(),
+            loader_id,
+        }),
+    );
+    bind_feature_gated_syscall_context_object!(
+        vm,
+        invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()),
+        Box::new(SyscallBigNumLog {
+            cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_log_cost,
+            word_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost,
+            word_div_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost_divisor,
+            compute_meter: invoke_context.get_compute_meter(),
+            logger: invoke_context.get_logger(),
+            loader_id,
+        }),
+    );
+    bind_feature_gated_syscall_context_object!(
+        vm,
+        invoke_context.is_feature_active(&bignum_syscall_enabled::id()),
+        Box::new(SyscallBigNumFromBytes {
+            cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_from_u32_base_cost,
+            word_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_from_bytes_word_cost,
+            word_div_cost: bpf_compute_budget.bignum_word_cost_divisor,
+            compute_meter: invoke_context.get_compute_meter(),
+            loader_id,
+        }),
+    );
+
     let is_sysvar_via_syscall_active = invoke_context.is_feature_active(&sysvar_via_syscall::id());
 
     let invoke_context = Rc::new(RefCell::new(invoke_context));
@@ -2369,126 +2586,1896 @@ fn call<'a>(
     Ok(SUCCESS)
 }
 
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use solana_rbpf::{
-        ebpf::HOST_ALIGN, memory_region::MemoryRegion, user_error::UserError, vm::Config,
-    };
-    use solana_sdk::{
-        bpf_loader,
-        fee_calculator::FeeCalculator,
-        hash::hashv,
-        process_instruction::{MockComputeMeter, MockInvokeContext, MockLogger},
-    };
-    use std::str::FromStr;
-
-    const DEFAULT_CONFIG: Config = Config {
-        max_call_depth: 20,
-        stack_frame_size: 4_096,
-        enable_instruction_meter: true,
-        enable_instruction_tracing: false,
+/// Bignum data costs calculator
+pub const MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE: u64 = 1024;
+macro_rules! calc_bignum_cost {
+    ($input_self:expr, $input_size_in_bytes:expr) => {
+        $input_self.cost
+            + ($input_self.word_cost as f64
+                * ($input_size_in_bytes as f64 / $input_self.word_div_cost as f64).ceil())
+                as u64
     };
+}
 
-    macro_rules! assert_access_violation {
-        ($result:expr, $va:expr, $len:expr) => {
-            match $result {
-                Err(EbpfError::AccessViolation(_, _, va, len, _)) if $va == va && len == len => (),
-                _ => panic!(),
-            }
-        };
+/// Transposes a bn::BigNum into an FfiBignumber array of bytes
+fn bignum_to_ffibignumber(
+    bignum: &BigNum,
+    bnffi: &mut FfiBigNumber,
+    loader_id: &Pubkey,
+    memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+    result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+) {
+    // Get the BigNum vector and size
+    let big_number_bytes = bignum.to_vec();
+    let big_number_len = big_number_bytes.len() as u64;
+    (*bnffi).is_negative = bignum.is_negative();
+    // Fail if result size exceeds 1024 bytes (8192 bits)
+    if big_number_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE {
+        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into())
     }
+    // Fail if we can't support the full array of bytes
+    else if big_number_len as u64 > bnffi.data_len {
+        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberArgError(big_number_len, bnffi.data_len).into())
+    } else {
+        // Get the output array pointer
+        let bn_buffer_out = question_mark!(
+            translate_slice_mut::<u8>(memory_mapping, bnffi.data, bnffi.data_len, loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Zero result
+        if big_number_len == 0 {
+            bn_buffer_out[0] = 0u8;
+            (*bnffi).data_len = 1;
+        } else if big_number_len == bnffi.data_len {
+            (*bn_buffer_out).copy_from_slice(&big_number_bytes);
+        } else {
+            bn_buffer_out[..big_number_bytes.len()].copy_from_slice(&&big_number_bytes);
+            (*bnffi).data_len = big_number_len;
+        }
+        *result = Ok(SUCCESS)
+    }
+}
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_translate() {
-        const START: u64 = 100;
-        const LENGTH: u64 = 1000;
-        let data = vec![0u8; LENGTH as usize];
-        let addr = data.as_ptr() as u64;
-        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-            vec![MemoryRegion::new_from_slice(&data, START, 0, false)],
-            &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let cases = vec![
-            (true, START, 0, addr),
-            (true, START, 1, addr),
-            (true, START, LENGTH, addr),
-            (true, START + 1, LENGTH - 1, addr + 1),
-            (false, START + 1, LENGTH, 0),
-            (true, START + LENGTH - 1, 1, addr + LENGTH - 1),
-            (true, START + LENGTH, 0, addr + LENGTH),
-            (false, START + LENGTH, 1, 0),
-            (false, START, LENGTH + 1, 0),
-            (false, 0, 0, 0),
-            (false, 0, 1, 0),
-            (false, START - 1, 0, 0),
-            (false, START - 1, 1, 0),
-            (true, START + LENGTH / 2, LENGTH / 2, addr + LENGTH / 2),
-        ];
-        for (ok, start, length, value) in cases {
-            if ok {
-                assert_eq!(
-                    translate(&memory_mapping, AccessType::Load, start, length).unwrap(),
-                    value
-                )
+/// Transposes a FfiBignumber array of bytes to a bn::BigNum
+fn ffibignumber_to_bignum(ffi: &FfiBigNumber, ffi_data: &[u8]) -> Result<BigNum, SyscallError> {
+    let ffi_bn = BigNum::from_slice(ffi_data);
+    match ffi_bn {
+        Ok(mut bn) => {
+            bn.set_negative(ffi.is_negative);
+            Ok(bn)
+        }
+        Err(es) => {
+            if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()))
             } else {
-                assert!(translate(&memory_mapping, AccessType::Load, start, length).is_err())
+                Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown)
             }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_translate_type() {
-        // Pubkey
-        let pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
-        let addr = &pubkey as *const _ as u64;
-        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-            vec![MemoryRegion {
-                host_addr: addr,
-                vm_addr: 100,
-                len: std::mem::size_of::<Pubkey>() as u64,
-                vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                is_writable: false,
-            }],
-            &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        let translated_pubkey =
-            translate_type::<Pubkey>(&memory_mapping, 100, &bpf_loader::id(), true).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(pubkey, *translated_pubkey);
-
-        // Instruction
-        let instruction = Instruction::new_with_bincode(
-            solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
-            &"foobar",
-            vec![AccountMeta::new(solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(), false)],
+/// BIGNUM sol_bignum_from_u32 ingests a u32 and
+/// produces an absolute big endian array
+struct SyscallBigNumFromU32<'a> {
+    cost: u64,
+    word_cost: u64,
+    word_div_cost: u64,
+    compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>>,
+    loader_id: &'a Pubkey,
+}
+impl<'a> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallBigNumFromU32<'a> {
+    fn call(
+        &mut self,
+        bn_ffi_out_addr: u64,
+        u32_val: u64,
+        _arg3: u64,
+        _arg4: u64,
+        _arg5: u64,
+        memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+    ) {
+        question_mark!(
+            self.compute_meter.consume(calc_bignum_cost!(self, 4f64)),
+            result
         );
-        let addr = &instruction as *const _ as u64;
-        let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-            vec![MemoryRegion {
-                host_addr: addr,
-                vm_addr: 96,
-                len: std::mem::size_of::<Instruction>() as u64,
-                vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                is_writable: false,
-            }],
-            &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        let translated_instruction =
-            translate_type::<Instruction>(&memory_mapping, 96, &bpf_loader::id(), true).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(instruction, *translated_instruction);
-        memory_mapping.resize_region::<BpfError>(0, 1).unwrap();
-        assert!(
-            translate_type::<Instruction>(&memory_mapping, 100, &bpf_loader::id(), true).is_err()
+        // Get the output FfiBigNumber structure
+        let bn_syscall_result = question_mark!(
+            translate_type_mut::<FfiBigNumber>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                bn_ffi_out_addr,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
         );
+        // Process BigNum call and populate results and
+        // collect, if any, error from OpenSSL
+        match BigNum::from_u32(u32_val as u32) {
+            Ok(bn) => bignum_to_ffibignumber(
+                &bn,
+                bn_syscall_result,
+                self.loader_id,
+                memory_mapping,
+                result,
+            ),
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into())
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into())
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
+}
+/// BIGNUM sol_bignum_from_dec_str bounds checks,
+/// validates and ingests a decimal string and
+/// produces an absoluate big endian array
+struct SyscallBigNumFromDecStr<'a> {
+    cost: u64,
+    word_cost: u64,
+    word_div_cost: u64,
+    compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>>,
+    loader_id: &'a Pubkey,
+}
+impl<'a> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallBigNumFromDecStr<'a> {
+    fn call(
+        &mut self,
+        in_dec_str_addr: u64,
+        in_dec_str_len: u64,
+        bn_ffi_out_addr: u64,
+        _arg4: u64,
+        _arg5: u64,
+        memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+    ) {
+        question_mark!(
+            self.compute_meter
+                .consume(calc_bignum_cost!(self, in_dec_str_len as f64)),
+            result
+        );
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_translate_slice() {
-        // zero len
+        // Get the string and convert to BigNum
+        let in_dec_raw = question_mark!(
+            translate_slice::<u8>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                in_dec_str_addr,
+                in_dec_str_len,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        let i = match in_dec_raw.iter().position(|byte| *byte == 0) {
+            Some(i) => i,
+            None => in_dec_str_len as usize,
+        };
+        let raw_string = match from_utf8(&in_dec_raw[..i]) {
+            Ok(s) => s,
+            Err(_) => {
+                *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberToBytesError.into());
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Get the output FfiBigNumber structure
+        let bn_syscall_result = question_mark!(
+            translate_type_mut::<FfiBigNumber>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                bn_ffi_out_addr,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        // Handle expected result > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE bytes
+        if bn_syscall_result.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+        }
+        // Handle buffer too small or empty strings
+        else if bn_syscall_result.data_len == 0 || raw_string.is_empty() {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberToBytesError.into())
+        } else {
+            // Process BigNum call and populate results
+            match BigNum::from_dec_str(raw_string) {
+                Ok(bn) => bignum_to_ffibignumber(
+                    &bn,
+                    bn_syscall_result,
+                    self.loader_id,
+                    memory_mapping,
+                    result,
+                ),
+                Err(_) => *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberFromDecStrError.into()),
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// BIGNUM sol_bignum_from_slice ingests a absolute big endian array for
+/// validation and size checking
+struct SyscallBigNumFromBytes<'a> {
+    cost: u64,
+    word_cost: u64,
+    word_div_cost: u64,
+    compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>>,
+    loader_id: &'a Pubkey,
+}
+impl<'a> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallBigNumFromBytes<'a> {
+    fn call(
+        &mut self,
+        in_bytes_addr: u64,
+        in_bytes_len: u64,
+        bn_ffi_out_addr: u64,
+        _arg4: u64,
+        _arg5: u64,
+        memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+    ) {
+        // Compute costs
+        question_mark!(
+            self.compute_meter
+                .consume(calc_bignum_cost!(self, in_bytes_len as f64)),
+            result
+        );
+
+        // Get array pointer of bytes to consume
+        let rhs_data = question_mark!(
+            translate_slice::<u8>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                in_bytes_addr,
+                in_bytes_len,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        // Process BigNum call and populate results
+        let bn_syscall_result = question_mark!(
+            translate_type_mut::<FfiBigNumber>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                bn_ffi_out_addr,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        // Check max length of 1024 bytes
+        if !(1..=MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE).contains(&in_bytes_len) {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into())
+        } else {
+            match BigNum::from_slice(rhs_data) {
+                Ok(bn_result) => bignum_to_ffibignumber(
+                    &bn_result,
+                    bn_syscall_result,
+                    self.loader_id,
+                    memory_mapping,
+                    result,
+                ),
+                Err(es) => {
+                    if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                        *result =
+                            Err(SyscallError::BigNumberFromSliceError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                    } else {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// BIGNUM sol_bignum_add bounds checks and adds two BigNumber and
+/// produces a result.
+struct SyscallBigNumAdd<'a> {
+    cost: u64,
+    word_cost: u64,
+    word_div_cost: u64,
+    compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>>,
+    loader_id: &'a Pubkey,
+}
+impl<'a> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallBigNumAdd<'a> {
+    fn call(
+        &mut self,
+        lhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        rhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        bn_ffi_out_addr: u64,
+        _arg4: u64,
+        _arg5: u64,
+        memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+    ) {
+        // Get the LHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_lhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, lhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Get the RHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_rhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, rhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Compute costs
+        question_mark!(
+            self.compute_meter.consume(calc_bignum_cost!(
+                self,
+                (bn_syscall_lhs.data_len + bn_syscall_rhs.data_len) as f64
+            )),
+            result
+        );
+        // Bounds check on input
+        if bn_syscall_rhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+            || bn_syscall_lhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+        {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Get the data pointer big numbers
+        let lhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        let rhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        // Process BigNum call and populate results
+        let mut bn_result = match BigNum::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into())
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let bn_syscall_result = question_mark!(
+            translate_type_mut::<FfiBigNumber>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                bn_ffi_out_addr,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        if bn_syscall_result.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+        } else {
+            match bn_result.checked_add(&lhs_bn, &rhs_bn) {
+                Ok(_) => bignum_to_ffibignumber(
+                    &bn_result,
+                    bn_syscall_result,
+                    self.loader_id,
+                    memory_mapping,
+                    result,
+                ),
+                Err(es) => {
+                    if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberAddError(reason.to_string()).into())
+                    } else {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into())
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// BIGNUM sol_bignum_sub bounds checks and subtracts two BigNumber and
+/// produces a result.
+struct SyscallBigNumSub<'a> {
+    cost: u64,
+    word_cost: u64,
+    word_div_cost: u64,
+    compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>>,
+    loader_id: &'a Pubkey,
+}
+impl<'a> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallBigNumSub<'a> {
+    fn call(
+        &mut self,
+        lhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        rhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        bn_ffi_out_addr: u64,
+        _arg4: u64,
+        _arg5: u64,
+        memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+    ) {
+        // Get the LHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_lhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, lhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Get the RHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_rhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, rhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Compute costs
+        question_mark!(
+            self.compute_meter.consume(calc_bignum_cost!(
+                self,
+                (bn_syscall_lhs.data_len + bn_syscall_rhs.data_len) as f64
+            )),
+            result
+        );
+        // Bounds check on input
+        if bn_syscall_rhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+            || bn_syscall_lhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+        {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Get the BigNum from data pointers
+        let lhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        let rhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        // Process BigNum call and populate results
+        let mut bn_result = match BigNum::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let bn_syscall_result = question_mark!(
+            translate_type_mut::<FfiBigNumber>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                bn_ffi_out_addr,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        if bn_syscall_result.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+        } else {
+            match bn_result.checked_sub(&lhs_bn, &rhs_bn) {
+                Ok(_) => bignum_to_ffibignumber(
+                    &bn_result,
+                    bn_syscall_result,
+                    self.loader_id,
+                    memory_mapping,
+                    result,
+                ),
+                Err(es) => {
+                    if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSubError(reason.to_string()).into())
+                    } else {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into())
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
+/// BIGNUM sol_bignum_mul bounds checks and multiplies two BigNumber and
+/// produces a result.
+struct SyscallBigNumMul<'a> {
+    cost: u64,
+    word_cost: u64,
+    word_div_cost: u64,
+    compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>>,
+    loader_id: &'a Pubkey,
+}
+impl<'a> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallBigNumMul<'a> {
+    fn call(
+        &mut self,
+        lhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        rhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        bn_ffi_out_addr: u64,
+        _arg4: u64,
+        _arg5: u64,
+        memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+    ) {
+        // Get the LHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_lhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, lhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Get the RHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_rhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, rhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Compute costs
+        question_mark!(
+            self.compute_meter.consume(calc_bignum_cost!(
+                self,
+                (bn_syscall_lhs.data_len + bn_syscall_rhs.data_len) as f64
+            )),
+            result
+        );
+        // Bounds check on input
+        if bn_syscall_rhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+            || bn_syscall_lhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+        {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Get the BigNum from data pointers
+        let lhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        let rhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        // Process BigNum call and populate results
+        let mut bn_result = match BigNum::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let mut bn_ctx = match BigNumContext::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let bn_syscall_result = question_mark!(
+            translate_type_mut::<FfiBigNumber>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                bn_ffi_out_addr,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        if bn_syscall_result.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+        } else {
+            match bn_result.checked_mul(&lhs_bn, &rhs_bn, &mut bn_ctx) {
+                Ok(_) => bignum_to_ffibignumber(
+                    &bn_result,
+                    bn_syscall_result,
+                    self.loader_id,
+                    memory_mapping,
+                    result,
+                ),
+                Err(es) => {
+                    if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberMulError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                    } else {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+/// BIGNUM sol_bignum_div bounds checks and divides two BigNumber and
+/// produces a result.
+struct SyscallBigNumDiv<'a> {
+    cost: u64,
+    word_cost: u64,
+    word_div_cost: u64,
+    compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>>,
+    loader_id: &'a Pubkey,
+}
+impl<'a> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallBigNumDiv<'a> {
+    fn call(
+        &mut self,
+        lhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        rhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        bn_ffi_out_addr: u64,
+        _arg4: u64,
+        _arg5: u64,
+        memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+    ) {
+        // Get the LHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_lhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, lhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Get the RHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_rhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, rhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Compute costs
+        question_mark!(
+            self.compute_meter.consume(calc_bignum_cost!(
+                self,
+                (bn_syscall_lhs.data_len + bn_syscall_rhs.data_len) as f64
+            )),
+            result
+        );
+        // Bounds check on input
+        if bn_syscall_rhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+            || bn_syscall_lhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+        {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Get the BigNum from data pointers
+        let lhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        let rhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        // Process BigNum call and populate results
+        let mut bn_result = match BigNum::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let mut bn_ctx = match BigNumContext::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let bn_syscall_result = question_mark!(
+            translate_type_mut::<FfiBigNumber>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                bn_ffi_out_addr,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        if bn_syscall_result.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+        } else {
+            match bn_result.checked_div(&lhs_bn, &rhs_bn, &mut bn_ctx) {
+                Ok(_) => bignum_to_ffibignumber(
+                    &bn_result,
+                    bn_syscall_result,
+                    self.loader_id,
+                    memory_mapping,
+                    result,
+                ),
+                Err(es) => {
+                    if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberDivError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                    } else {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+/// BIGNUM sol_bignum_sqr bounds checks squares a BigNumber and
+/// produces a result.
+struct SyscallBigNumSqr<'a> {
+    cost: u64,
+    word_cost: u64,
+    word_div_cost: u64,
+    compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>>,
+    loader_id: &'a Pubkey,
+}
+impl<'a> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallBigNumSqr<'a> {
+    fn call(
+        &mut self,
+        rhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        bn_ffi_out_addr: u64,
+        _arg3: u64,
+        _arg4: u64,
+        _arg5: u64,
+        memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+    ) {
+        // Get the RHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_rhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, rhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Compute costs
+        question_mark!(
+            self.compute_meter
+                .consume(calc_bignum_cost!(self, bn_syscall_rhs.data_len as f64)),
+            result
+        );
+        // Bounds check on input
+        if bn_syscall_rhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Get number to sqr ffi
+        let rhs_data = question_mark!(
+            translate_slice::<u8>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                bn_syscall_rhs.data,
+                bn_syscall_rhs.data_len as u64,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        // Convert to BigNum
+        let rhs_bn = match BigNum::from_slice(rhs_data) {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        // Process BigNum call and populate results
+        let mut bn_result = match BigNum::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let mut bn_ctx = match BigNumContext::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let bn_syscall_result = question_mark!(
+            translate_type_mut::<FfiBigNumber>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                bn_ffi_out_addr,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        if bn_syscall_result.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+        } else {
+            match bn_result.sqr(&rhs_bn, &mut bn_ctx) {
+                Ok(_) => bignum_to_ffibignumber(
+                    &bn_result,
+                    bn_syscall_result,
+                    self.loader_id,
+                    memory_mapping,
+                    result,
+                ),
+                Err(es) => {
+                    if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSqrError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                    } else {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+/// BIGNUM sol_bignum_exp bounds checks raises a BigNumber by exponent
+/// and produces a result.
+struct SyscallBigNumExp<'a> {
+    cost: u64,
+    word_cost: u64,
+    word_div_cost: u64,
+    compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>>,
+    loader_id: &'a Pubkey,
+}
+impl<'a> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallBigNumExp<'a> {
+    fn call(
+        &mut self,
+        lhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        rhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        bn_ffi_out_addr: u64,
+        _arg4: u64,
+        _arg5: u64,
+        memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+    ) {
+        // Get the LHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_lhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, lhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Get the RHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_rhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, rhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Compute costs
+        question_mark!(
+            self.compute_meter.consume(calc_bignum_cost!(
+                self,
+                (bn_syscall_lhs.data_len + bn_syscall_rhs.data_len) as f64
+            )),
+            result
+        );
+        // Bounds check on input
+        if bn_syscall_rhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+            || bn_syscall_lhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+        {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Get the BigNum from data pointers
+        let lhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        let rhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        // Process BigNum call and populate results
+        let mut bn_result = match BigNum::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let mut bn_ctx = match BigNumContext::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let bn_syscall_result = question_mark!(
+            translate_type_mut::<FfiBigNumber>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                bn_ffi_out_addr,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        if bn_syscall_result.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+        } else {
+            match bn_result.exp(&lhs_bn, &rhs_bn, &mut bn_ctx) {
+                Ok(_) => bignum_to_ffibignumber(
+                    &bn_result,
+                    bn_syscall_result,
+                    self.loader_id,
+                    memory_mapping,
+                    result,
+                ),
+                Err(es) => {
+                    if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberExpError(reason.to_string()).into())
+                    } else {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into())
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+/// BIGNUM sol_bignum_mod_sqr bounds checks and performs
+/// lhs^2 % rhs and produces a result
+struct SyscallBigNumModSqr<'a> {
+    cost: u64,
+    word_cost: u64,
+    word_div_cost: u64,
+    compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>>,
+    loader_id: &'a Pubkey,
+}
+impl<'a> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallBigNumModSqr<'a> {
+    fn call(
+        &mut self,
+        lhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        rhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        bn_ffi_out_addr: u64,
+        _arg4: u64,
+        _arg5: u64,
+        memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+    ) {
+        // Get the LHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_lhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, lhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Get the RHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_rhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, rhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Compute costs
+        question_mark!(
+            self.compute_meter.consume(calc_bignum_cost!(
+                self,
+                (bn_syscall_lhs.data_len + bn_syscall_rhs.data_len) as f64
+            )),
+            result
+        );
+        // Bounds check on input
+        if bn_syscall_rhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+            || bn_syscall_lhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+        {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Get the BigNum from data pointers
+        let lhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        let rhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        // Process BigNum call and populate results
+        let mut bn_result = match BigNum::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let mut bn_ctx = match BigNumContext::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let bn_syscall_result = question_mark!(
+            translate_type_mut::<FfiBigNumber>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                bn_ffi_out_addr,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        if bn_syscall_result.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+        } else {
+            match bn_result.mod_sqr(&lhs_bn, &rhs_bn, &mut bn_ctx) {
+                Ok(_) => bignum_to_ffibignumber(
+                    &bn_result,
+                    bn_syscall_result,
+                    self.loader_id,
+                    memory_mapping,
+                    result,
+                ),
+                Err(es) => {
+                    if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                        *result =
+                            Err(SyscallError::BigNumberModSqrError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                    } else {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Calculates a data cost for mod_exp as per https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-198
+fn calculate_exp_byte_cost(
+    base: &BigNum,
+    exponent: &BigNum,
+    modulus: &BigNum,
+) -> Result<u64, SyscallError> {
+    let zero = match BigNum::from_u32(0) {
+        Ok(bn) => bn,
+        Err(es) => {
+            if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                return Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()));
+            } else {
+                return Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    let exp_bytes_length = exponent.num_bytes() as u32;
+    let exp_bits_length = exponent.num_bits() as u32;
+    let base_bytes_length = base.num_bytes() as u32;
+    // Adjusted length calculation
+    let adjusted_exp_length = match exp_bytes_length {
+        0..=32 if exponent == &zero => 0,
+        0..=32 => exp_bits_length - 1,
+        _ => {
+            let first_32 = match BigNum::from_slice(&exponent.as_ref().to_vec()[0..31]) {
+                Ok(bn) => bn,
+                Err(es) => {
+                    if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                        return Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()));
+                    } else {
+                        return Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown);
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            if first_32 == zero {
+                8 * (exp_bytes_length - 32)
+            } else {
+                8 * (exp_bytes_length - 32) + ((first_32.num_bits() as u32) - 1)
+            }
+        }
+    } as u64;
+    // mult_complexity
+    let mult_compexity_arg = std::cmp::max(base_bytes_length, modulus.num_bytes() as u32) as u64;
+    let mult_complexity = if mult_compexity_arg <= 64 {
+        mult_compexity_arg * mult_compexity_arg
+    } else if mult_compexity_arg <= 1024 {
+        (((mult_compexity_arg * mult_compexity_arg) / 4) + (96 * mult_compexity_arg)) - 3_072
+    } else {
+        (((mult_compexity_arg * mult_compexity_arg) / 16) + (480 * mult_compexity_arg)) - 199_680
+    };
+    // Calc data costs and return
+    Ok(
+        ((mult_complexity * std::cmp::max(adjusted_exp_length, 1u64)) as f64 / 20f64).floor()
+            as u64,
+    )
+}
+/// BIGNUM sol_bignum_mod_exp bounds checks and performs
+/// lhs^rhs % mod and produces a result
+struct SyscallBigNumModExp<'a> {
+    cost: u64,
+    compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>>,
+    loader_id: &'a Pubkey,
+}
+impl<'a> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallBigNumModExp<'a> {
+    fn call(
+        &mut self,
+        lhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        rhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        mod_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        bn_ffi_out_addr: u64,
+        _arg5: u64,
+        memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+    ) {
+        // Get the LHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_lhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, lhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Get the RHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_rhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, rhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Get the MOD FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_mod = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, mod_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Get the BigNum from data pointers
+        let lhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        let rhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        let mod_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_mod.data,
+                        bn_syscall_mod.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        // Compute costs
+        let calc_val = match calculate_exp_byte_cost(&lhs_bn, &rhs_bn, &mod_bn) {
+            Ok(val) => val,
+            Err(e) => {
+                *result = Err(e.into());
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        question_mark!(self.compute_meter.consume(self.cost + calc_val), result);
+        // Bounds check on input
+        if bn_syscall_rhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+            || bn_syscall_lhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+            || bn_syscall_mod.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+        {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Process BigNum call and populate results
+        let mut bn_result = match BigNum::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let mut bn_ctx = match BigNumContext::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let bn_syscall_result = question_mark!(
+            translate_type_mut::<FfiBigNumber>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                bn_ffi_out_addr,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        if bn_syscall_result.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+        } else {
+            match bn_result.mod_exp(&lhs_bn, &rhs_bn, &mod_bn, &mut bn_ctx) {
+                Ok(_) => bignum_to_ffibignumber(
+                    &bn_result,
+                    bn_syscall_result,
+                    self.loader_id,
+                    memory_mapping,
+                    result,
+                ),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    if let Some(reason) = e.errors()[0].reason() {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberModExpError(reason.to_string()).into())
+                    } else {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into())
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+/// BIGNUM sol_bignum_mod_mul bounds checks and performs
+/// lhs*rhs % mod and produces a result
+struct SyscallBigNumModMul<'a> {
+    cost: u64,
+    word_cost: u64,
+    word_div_cost: u64,
+    compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>>,
+    loader_id: &'a Pubkey,
+}
+impl<'a> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallBigNumModMul<'a> {
+    fn call(
+        &mut self,
+        lhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        rhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        mod_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        bn_ffi_out_addr: u64,
+        _arg5: u64,
+        memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+    ) {
+        // Get the LHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_lhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, lhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Get the RHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_rhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, rhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Get the MOD FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_mod = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, mod_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Compute costs
+        question_mark!(
+            self.compute_meter.consume(calc_bignum_cost!(
+                self,
+                (bn_syscall_lhs.data_len + bn_syscall_rhs.data_len + bn_syscall_mod.data_len)
+                    as f64
+            )),
+            result
+        );
+        // Bounds check on input
+        if bn_syscall_rhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+            || bn_syscall_lhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+            || bn_syscall_mod.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+        {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Get the BigNum from data pointers
+        let lhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        let rhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        let mod_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_mod.data,
+                        bn_syscall_mod.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        // Process BigNum call and populate results
+        let mut bn_result = match BigNum::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let mut bn_ctx = match BigNumContext::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let bn_syscall_result = question_mark!(
+            translate_type_mut::<FfiBigNumber>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                bn_ffi_out_addr,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        if bn_syscall_result.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+        } else {
+            match bn_result.mod_mul(&lhs_bn, &rhs_bn, &mod_bn, &mut bn_ctx) {
+                Ok(_) => bignum_to_ffibignumber(
+                    &bn_result,
+                    bn_syscall_result,
+                    self.loader_id,
+                    memory_mapping,
+                    result,
+                ),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    if let Some(reason) = e.errors()[0].reason() {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberModMulError(reason.to_string()).into())
+                    } else {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into())
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+/// BIGNUM sol_bignum_mod_inv bounds checks and performs
+/// inverse(lhs % rhs) and produces a result
+struct SyscallBigNumModInv<'a> {
+    cost: u64,
+    word_cost: u64,
+    word_div_cost: u64,
+    compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>>,
+    loader_id: &'a Pubkey,
+}
+impl<'a> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallBigNumModInv<'a> {
+    fn call(
+        &mut self,
+        lhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        rhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        bn_ffi_out_addr: u64,
+        _arg4: u64,
+        _arg5: u64,
+        memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+    ) {
+        // Get the LHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_lhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, lhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Get the RHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_rhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, rhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        // Compute costs
+        question_mark!(
+            self.compute_meter.consume(calc_bignum_cost!(
+                self,
+                (bn_syscall_lhs.data_len + bn_syscall_rhs.data_len) as f64
+            )),
+            result
+        );
+        // Bounds check on input
+        if bn_syscall_rhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+            || bn_syscall_lhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE
+        {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Get the BigNum from data pointers
+        let lhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        let rhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_rhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        // Process BigNum call and populate results
+        let mut bn_result = match BigNum::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let mut bn_ctx = match BigNumContext::new() {
+            Ok(bn) => bn,
+            Err(es) => {
+                if let Some(reason) = es.errors()[0].reason() {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberOperationError(reason.to_string()).into());
+                } else {
+                    *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let bn_syscall_result = question_mark!(
+            translate_type_mut::<FfiBigNumber>(
+                memory_mapping,
+                bn_ffi_out_addr,
+                self.loader_id,
+                true
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+
+        if bn_syscall_result.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+        } else {
+            match bn_result.mod_inverse(&lhs_bn, &rhs_bn, &mut bn_ctx) {
+                Ok(_) => bignum_to_ffibignumber(
+                    &bn_result,
+                    bn_syscall_result,
+                    self.loader_id,
+                    memory_mapping,
+                    result,
+                ),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    if let Some(reason) = e.errors()[0].reason() {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberModInvError(reason.to_string()).into())
+                    } else {
+                        *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberErrorUnknown.into())
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+/// Logs a BigNumber to system log
+struct SyscallBigNumLog<'a> {
+    cost: u64,
+    word_cost: u64,
+    word_div_cost: u64,
+    compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>>,
+    logger: Rc<RefCell<dyn Logger>>,
+    loader_id: &'a Pubkey,
+}
+impl<'a> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallBigNumLog<'a> {
+    fn call(
+        &mut self,
+        lhs_ffi_in_addr: u64,
+        _arg2: u64,
+        _arg3: u64,
+        _arg4: u64,
+        _arg5: u64,
+        memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
+        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
+    ) {
+        // Get the LHS FfiBigNumber value structure
+        let bn_syscall_lhs = question_mark!(
+            translate_type::<FfiBigNumber>(memory_mapping, lhs_ffi_in_addr, self.loader_id, true),
+            result
+        );
+        question_mark!(
+            self.compute_meter
+                .consume(calc_bignum_cost!(self, bn_syscall_lhs.data_len as f64)),
+            result
+        );
+        // Bounds check on input
+        if bn_syscall_lhs.data_len > MAX_BIGNUM_BYTE_SIZE {
+            *result = Err(SyscallError::BigNumberSizeError.into());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Get the BigNum from data pointers
+        let lhs_bn = question_mark!(
+            ffibignumber_to_bignum(
+                bn_syscall_lhs,
+                question_mark!(
+                    translate_slice::<u8>(
+                        memory_mapping,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data,
+                        bn_syscall_lhs.data_len as u64,
+                        self.loader_id,
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    result
+                )
+            ),
+            result
+        );
+        stable_log::program_log(&self.logger, &lhs_bn.to_string());
+        *result = Ok(0);
+    }
+}
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use solana_rbpf::{
+        ebpf::HOST_ALIGN, memory_region::MemoryRegion, user_error::UserError, vm::Config,
+    };
+    use solana_sdk::{
+        bpf_loader,
+        fee_calculator::FeeCalculator,
+        hash::hashv,
+        process_instruction::{MockComputeMeter, MockInvokeContext, MockLogger},
+    };
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+
+    const DEFAULT_CONFIG: Config = Config {
+        max_call_depth: 20,
+        stack_frame_size: 4_096,
+        enable_instruction_meter: true,
+        enable_instruction_tracing: false,
+    };
+
+    const LONG_DEC_STRING: &str =
+        "1470463693494555670176851280755142329532258274256991544781479988\
+    712408107190720087233560906792937436573943189716784305633216335039\
+    300236370809933808677983409391545753391897467230180786617074456716\
+    591448871466263060696957107957862111484694673874424855359234132302\
+    162208163361387727626078022804936564470716886986414133429438273232\
+    416190048073715996321578752244853524209178212395809614878549824744\
+    227969245726015222693764433413133633359171080169137831743765672068\
+    374040331773668233371864426354886263106537340208256187214278963052\
+    996538599452325797319977413534714912781503130883692806087195354368\
+    8304190675878204079994222";
+
+    const NEG_LONG_DEC_STRING: &str =
+        "-1470463693494555670176851280755142329532258274256991544781479988\
+    712408107190720087233560906792937436573943189716784305633216335039\
+    300236370809933808677983409391545753391897467230180786617074456716\
+    591448871466263060696957107957862111484694673874424855359234132302\
+    162208163361387727626078022804936564470716886986414133429438273232\
+    416190048073715996321578752244853524209178212395809614878549824744\
+    227969245726015222693764433413133633359171080169137831743765672068\
+    374040331773668233371864426354886263106537340208256187214278963052\
+    996538599452325797319977413534714912781503130883692806087195354368\
+    8304190675878204079994222";
+
+    const NOT_A_VALID_DEC_STRING: &str = "ZBikk123A972";
+
+    macro_rules! assert_access_violation {
+        ($result:expr, $va:expr, $len:expr) => {
+            match $result {
+                Err(EbpfError::AccessViolation(_, _, va, len, _)) if $va == va && len == len => (),
+                _ => panic!(),
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_translate() {
+        const START: u64 = 100;
+        const LENGTH: u64 = 1000;
+        let data = vec![0u8; LENGTH as usize];
+        let addr = data.as_ptr() as u64;
+        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+            vec![MemoryRegion::new_from_slice(&data, START, 0, false)],
+            &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let cases = vec![
+            (true, START, 0, addr),
+            (true, START, 1, addr),
+            (true, START, LENGTH, addr),
+            (true, START + 1, LENGTH - 1, addr + 1),
+            (false, START + 1, LENGTH, 0),
+            (true, START + LENGTH - 1, 1, addr + LENGTH - 1),
+            (true, START + LENGTH, 0, addr + LENGTH),
+            (false, START + LENGTH, 1, 0),
+            (false, START, LENGTH + 1, 0),
+            (false, 0, 0, 0),
+            (false, 0, 1, 0),
+            (false, START - 1, 0, 0),
+            (false, START - 1, 1, 0),
+            (true, START + LENGTH / 2, LENGTH / 2, addr + LENGTH / 2),
+        ];
+        for (ok, start, length, value) in cases {
+            if ok {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    translate(&memory_mapping, AccessType::Load, start, length).unwrap(),
+                    value
+                )
+            } else {
+                assert!(translate(&memory_mapping, AccessType::Load, start, length).is_err())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_translate_type() {
+        // Pubkey
+        let pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
+        let addr = &pubkey as *const _ as u64;
+        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+            vec![MemoryRegion {
+                host_addr: addr,
+                vm_addr: 100,
+                len: std::mem::size_of::<Pubkey>() as u64,
+                vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                is_writable: false,
+            }],
+            &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let translated_pubkey =
+            translate_type::<Pubkey>(&memory_mapping, 100, &bpf_loader::id(), true).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(pubkey, *translated_pubkey);
+
+        // Instruction
+        let instruction = Instruction::new_with_bincode(
+            solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
+            &"foobar",
+            vec![AccountMeta::new(solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(), false)],
+        );
+        let addr = &instruction as *const _ as u64;
+        let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+            vec![MemoryRegion {
+                host_addr: addr,
+                vm_addr: 96,
+                len: std::mem::size_of::<Instruction>() as u64,
+                vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                is_writable: false,
+            }],
+            &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let translated_instruction =
+            translate_type::<Instruction>(&memory_mapping, 96, &bpf_loader::id(), true).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(instruction, *translated_instruction);
+        memory_mapping.resize_region::<BpfError>(0, 1).unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            translate_type::<Instruction>(&memory_mapping, 100, &bpf_loader::id(), true).is_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_translate_slice() {
+        // zero len
         let good_data = vec![1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5];
         let data: Vec<u8> = vec![];
         assert_eq!(0x1 as *const u8, data.as_ptr());
@@ -2616,489 +4603,1376 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_translate_string_and_do() {
-        let string = "Gaggablaghblagh!";
-        let addr = string.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64;
+    fn test_translate_string_and_do() {
+        let string = "Gaggablaghblagh!";
+        let addr = string.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64;
+        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+            vec![MemoryRegion {
+                host_addr: addr,
+                vm_addr: 100,
+                len: string.len() as u64,
+                vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                is_writable: false,
+            }],
+            &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            42,
+            translate_string_and_do(
+                &memory_mapping,
+                100,
+                string.len() as u64,
+                &bpf_loader::id(),
+                true,
+                &mut |string: &str| {
+                    assert_eq!(string, "Gaggablaghblagh!");
+                    Ok(42)
+                }
+            )
+            .unwrap()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "UserError(SyscallError(Abort))")]
+    fn test_syscall_abort() {
+        let memory_mapping =
+            MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(vec![MemoryRegion::default()], &DEFAULT_CONFIG)
+                .unwrap();
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        SyscallAbort::call(
+            &mut SyscallAbort {},
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            &memory_mapping,
+            &mut result,
+        );
+        result.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "UserError(SyscallError(Panic(\"Gaggablaghblagh!\", 42, 84)))")]
+    fn test_syscall_sol_panic() {
+        let string = "Gaggablaghblagh!";
+        let addr = string.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64;
+        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+            vec![MemoryRegion {
+                host_addr: addr,
+                vm_addr: 100,
+                len: string.len() as u64,
+                vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                is_writable: false,
+            }],
+            &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
+            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter {
+                remaining: string.len() as u64 - 1,
+            }));
+        let mut syscall_panic = SyscallPanic {
+            compute_meter,
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+            enforce_aligned_host_addrs: true,
+        };
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall_panic.call(
+            100,
+            string.len() as u64,
+            42,
+            84,
+            0,
+            &memory_mapping,
+            &mut result,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Err(EbpfError::UserError(BpfError::SyscallError(
+                SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::ComputationalBudgetExceeded)
+            ))),
+            result
+        );
+
+        let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
+            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter {
+                remaining: string.len() as u64,
+            }));
+        let mut syscall_panic = SyscallPanic {
+            compute_meter,
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+            enforce_aligned_host_addrs: true,
+        };
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall_panic.call(
+            100,
+            string.len() as u64,
+            42,
+            84,
+            0,
+            &memory_mapping,
+            &mut result,
+        );
+        result.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_syscall_sol_log() {
+        let string = "Gaggablaghblagh!";
+        let addr = string.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64;
+
+        let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
+            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 1000000 }));
+        let log = Rc::new(RefCell::new(vec![]));
+        let logger: Rc<RefCell<dyn Logger>> =
+            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockLogger { log: log.clone() }));
+        let mut syscall_sol_log = SyscallLog {
+            compute_meter,
+            logger,
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+            enforce_aligned_host_addrs: true,
+        };
+        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+            vec![MemoryRegion {
+                host_addr: addr,
+                vm_addr: 100,
+                len: string.len() as u64,
+                vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                is_writable: false,
+            }],
+            &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall_sol_log.call(
+            100,
+            string.len() as u64,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            &memory_mapping,
+            &mut result,
+        );
+        result.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(log.borrow().len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(log.borrow()[0], "Program log: Gaggablaghblagh!");
+
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall_sol_log.call(
+            101, // AccessViolation
+            string.len() as u64,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            &memory_mapping,
+            &mut result,
+        );
+        assert_access_violation!(result, 101, string.len() as u64);
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall_sol_log.call(
+            100,
+            string.len() as u64 * 2, // AccessViolation
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            &memory_mapping,
+            &mut result,
+        );
+        assert_access_violation!(result, 100, string.len() as u64 * 2);
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall_sol_log.call(
+            100,
+            string.len() as u64,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            &memory_mapping,
+            &mut result,
+        );
+
+        let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
+            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter {
+                remaining: (string.len() as u64 * 2) - 1,
+            }));
+        let logger: Rc<RefCell<dyn Logger>> = Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockLogger { log }));
+        let mut syscall_sol_log = SyscallLog {
+            compute_meter,
+            logger,
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+            enforce_aligned_host_addrs: true,
+        };
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall_sol_log.call(
+            100,
+            string.len() as u64,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            &memory_mapping,
+            &mut result,
+        );
+        result.unwrap();
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall_sol_log.call(
+            100,
+            string.len() as u64,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            &memory_mapping,
+            &mut result,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Err(EbpfError::UserError(BpfError::SyscallError(
+                SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::ComputationalBudgetExceeded)
+            ))),
+            result
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_syscall_sol_log_u64() {
+        let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
+            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter {
+                remaining: std::u64::MAX,
+            }));
+        let log = Rc::new(RefCell::new(vec![]));
+        let logger: Rc<RefCell<dyn Logger>> =
+            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockLogger { log: log.clone() }));
+        let mut syscall_sol_log_u64 = SyscallLogU64 {
+            cost: 0,
+            compute_meter,
+            logger,
+        };
+        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(vec![], &DEFAULT_CONFIG).unwrap();
+
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall_sol_log_u64.call(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+        result.unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(log.borrow().len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(log.borrow()[0], "Program log: 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_syscall_sol_pubkey() {
+        let pubkey = Pubkey::from_str("MoqiU1vryuCGQSxFKA1SZ316JdLEFFhoAu6cKUNk7dN").unwrap();
+        let addr = &pubkey.as_ref()[0] as *const _ as u64;
+
+        let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
+            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 2 }));
+        let log = Rc::new(RefCell::new(vec![]));
+        let logger: Rc<RefCell<dyn Logger>> =
+            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockLogger { log: log.clone() }));
+        let mut syscall_sol_pubkey = SyscallLogPubkey {
+            cost: 1,
+            compute_meter,
+            logger,
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+            enforce_aligned_host_addrs: true,
+        };
         let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
             vec![MemoryRegion {
                 host_addr: addr,
                 vm_addr: 100,
-                len: string.len() as u64,
+                len: 32,
                 vm_gap_shift: 63,
                 is_writable: false,
             }],
             &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
         )
         .unwrap();
+
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall_sol_pubkey.call(100, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+        result.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(log.borrow().len(), 1);
         assert_eq!(
-            42,
-            translate_string_and_do(
-                &memory_mapping,
-                100,
-                string.len() as u64,
-                &bpf_loader::id(),
-                true,
-                &mut |string: &str| {
-                    assert_eq!(string, "Gaggablaghblagh!");
-                    Ok(42)
-                }
-            )
-            .unwrap()
+            log.borrow()[0],
+            "Program log: MoqiU1vryuCGQSxFKA1SZ316JdLEFFhoAu6cKUNk7dN"
         );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    #[should_panic(expected = "UserError(SyscallError(Abort))")]
-    fn test_syscall_abort() {
-        let memory_mapping =
-            MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(vec![MemoryRegion::default()], &DEFAULT_CONFIG)
-                .unwrap();
         let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        SyscallAbort::call(
-            &mut SyscallAbort {},
-            0,
-            0,
+        syscall_sol_pubkey.call(
+            101, // AccessViolation
+            32,
             0,
             0,
             0,
             &memory_mapping,
             &mut result,
         );
-        result.unwrap();
+        assert_access_violation!(result, 101, 32);
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall_sol_pubkey.call(100, 32, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+        assert_eq!(
+            Err(EbpfError::UserError(BpfError::SyscallError(
+                SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::ComputationalBudgetExceeded)
+            ))),
+            result
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
-    #[should_panic(expected = "UserError(SyscallError(Panic(\"Gaggablaghblagh!\", 42, 84)))")]
-    fn test_syscall_sol_panic() {
-        let string = "Gaggablaghblagh!";
-        let addr = string.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64;
+    fn test_syscall_sol_alloc_free() {
+        // large alloc
+        {
+            let heap = AlignedMemory::new_with_size(100, HOST_ALIGN);
+            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+                vec![MemoryRegion::new_from_slice(
+                    heap.as_slice(),
+                    MM_HEAP_START,
+                    0,
+                    true,
+                )],
+                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            let mut syscall = SyscallAllocFree {
+                aligned: true,
+                allocator: BpfAllocator::new(heap, MM_HEAP_START),
+            };
+            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+            syscall.call(100, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+            assert_ne!(result.unwrap(), 0);
+            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+            syscall.call(100, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+            assert_eq!(result.unwrap(), 0);
+            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+            syscall.call(u64::MAX, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+            assert_eq!(result.unwrap(), 0);
+        }
+        // many small unaligned allocs
+        {
+            let heap = AlignedMemory::new_with_size(100, HOST_ALIGN);
+            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+                vec![MemoryRegion::new_from_slice(
+                    heap.as_slice(),
+                    MM_HEAP_START,
+                    0,
+                    true,
+                )],
+                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            let mut syscall = SyscallAllocFree {
+                aligned: false,
+                allocator: BpfAllocator::new(heap, MM_HEAP_START),
+            };
+            for _ in 0..100 {
+                let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+                syscall.call(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+                assert_ne!(result.unwrap(), 0);
+            }
+            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+            syscall.call(100, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+            assert_eq!(result.unwrap(), 0);
+        }
+        // many small aligned allocs
+        {
+            let heap = AlignedMemory::new_with_size(100, HOST_ALIGN);
+            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+                vec![MemoryRegion::new_from_slice(
+                    heap.as_slice(),
+                    MM_HEAP_START,
+                    0,
+                    true,
+                )],
+                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            let mut syscall = SyscallAllocFree {
+                aligned: true,
+                allocator: BpfAllocator::new(heap, MM_HEAP_START),
+            };
+            for _ in 0..12 {
+                let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+                syscall.call(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+                assert_ne!(result.unwrap(), 0);
+            }
+            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+            syscall.call(100, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+            assert_eq!(result.unwrap(), 0);
+        }
+        // aligned allocs
+
+        fn check_alignment<T>() {
+            let heap = AlignedMemory::new_with_size(100, HOST_ALIGN);
+            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+                vec![MemoryRegion::new_from_slice(
+                    heap.as_slice(),
+                    MM_HEAP_START,
+                    0,
+                    true,
+                )],
+                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            let mut syscall = SyscallAllocFree {
+                aligned: true,
+                allocator: BpfAllocator::new(heap, MM_HEAP_START),
+            };
+            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+            syscall.call(
+                size_of::<u8>() as u64,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                &memory_mapping,
+                &mut result,
+            );
+            let address = result.unwrap();
+            assert_ne!(address, 0);
+            assert_eq!((address as *const u8).align_offset(align_of::<u8>()), 0);
+        }
+        check_alignment::<u8>();
+        check_alignment::<u16>();
+        check_alignment::<u32>();
+        check_alignment::<u64>();
+        check_alignment::<u128>();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_syscall_sha256() {
+        let bytes1 = "Gaggablaghblagh!";
+        let bytes2 = "flurbos";
+
+        #[allow(dead_code)]
+        struct MockSlice {
+            pub addr: u64,
+            pub len: usize,
+        }
+        let mock_slice1 = MockSlice {
+            addr: 4096,
+            len: bytes1.len(),
+        };
+        let mock_slice2 = MockSlice {
+            addr: 8192,
+            len: bytes2.len(),
+        };
+        let bytes_to_hash = [mock_slice1, mock_slice2];
+        let hash_result = [0; HASH_BYTES];
+        let ro_len = bytes_to_hash.len() as u64;
+        let ro_va = 96;
+        let rw_va = 192;
         let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-            vec![MemoryRegion {
-                host_addr: addr,
-                vm_addr: 100,
-                len: string.len() as u64,
-                vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                is_writable: false,
-            }],
+            vec![
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: bytes1.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 4096,
+                    len: bytes1.len() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: bytes2.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 8192,
+                    len: bytes2.len() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: bytes_to_hash.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 96,
+                    len: 32,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: hash_result.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: rw_va,
+                    len: HASH_BYTES as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                },
+            ],
             &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
         )
         .unwrap();
-
         let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
             Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter {
-                remaining: string.len() as u64 - 1,
+                remaining: (bytes1.len() + bytes2.len()) as u64,
             }));
-        let mut syscall_panic = SyscallPanic {
+        let mut syscall = SyscallSha256 {
+            sha256_base_cost: 0,
+            sha256_byte_cost: 2,
             compute_meter,
-            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader_deprecated::id(),
             enforce_aligned_host_addrs: true,
         };
+
         let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall_panic.call(
-            100,
-            string.len() as u64,
-            42,
-            84,
+        syscall.call(ro_va, ro_len, rw_va, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+        result.unwrap();
+
+        let hash_local = hashv(&[bytes1.as_ref(), bytes2.as_ref()]).to_bytes();
+        assert_eq!(hash_result, hash_local);
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall.call(
+            ro_va - 1, // AccessViolation
+            ro_len,
+            rw_va,
+            0,
+            &memory_mapping,
+            &mut result,
+        );
+        assert_access_violation!(result, ro_va - 1, ro_len);
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall.call(
+            ro_va,
+            ro_len + 1, // AccessViolation
+            rw_va,
+            0,
+            &memory_mapping,
+            &mut result,
+        );
+        assert_access_violation!(result, ro_va - 1, ro_len);
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall.call(
+            ro_va,
+            ro_len + 1, // AccessViolation
+            rw_va,
+            0,
+            0,
+            &memory_mapping,
+            &mut result,
+        );
+        assert_access_violation!(result, ro_va, ro_len + 1);
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall.call(
+            ro_va,
+            ro_len,
+            rw_va - 1, // AccessViolation
+            0,
             0,
             &memory_mapping,
             &mut result,
         );
+        assert_access_violation!(result, rw_va - 1, HASH_BYTES as u64);
+
+        syscall.call(ro_va, ro_len, rw_va, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
         assert_eq!(
             Err(EbpfError::UserError(BpfError::SyscallError(
                 SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::ComputationalBudgetExceeded)
             ))),
             result
         );
+    }
 
-        let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
-            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter {
-                remaining: string.len() as u64,
-            }));
-        let mut syscall_panic = SyscallPanic {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_syscall_get_sysvar() {
+        // Test clock sysvar
+        {
+            let got_clock = Clock::default();
+            let got_clock_va = 2048;
+
+            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+                vec![MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &got_clock as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: got_clock_va,
+                    len: size_of::<Clock>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                }],
+                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+            let src_clock = Clock {
+                slot: 1,
+                epoch_start_timestamp: 2,
+                epoch: 3,
+                leader_schedule_epoch: 4,
+                unix_timestamp: 5,
+            };
+            let mut invoke_context = MockInvokeContext::new(vec![]);
+            let mut data = vec![];
+            bincode::serialize_into(&mut data, &src_clock).unwrap();
+            invoke_context
+                .sysvars
+                .push((sysvar::clock::id(), Some(Rc::new(data))));
+
+            let mut syscall = SyscallGetClockSysvar {
+                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
+                loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+            };
+            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+
+            syscall.call(got_clock_va, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+            result.unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(got_clock, src_clock);
+        }
+
+        // Test epoch_schedule sysvar
+        {
+            let got_epochschedule = EpochSchedule::default();
+            let got_epochschedule_va = 2048;
+
+            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+                vec![MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &got_epochschedule as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: got_epochschedule_va,
+                    len: size_of::<EpochSchedule>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                }],
+                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+            let src_epochschedule = EpochSchedule {
+                slots_per_epoch: 1,
+                leader_schedule_slot_offset: 2,
+                warmup: false,
+                first_normal_epoch: 3,
+                first_normal_slot: 4,
+            };
+            let mut invoke_context = MockInvokeContext::new(vec![]);
+            let mut data = vec![];
+            bincode::serialize_into(&mut data, &src_epochschedule).unwrap();
+            invoke_context
+                .sysvars
+                .push((sysvar::epoch_schedule::id(), Some(Rc::new(data))));
+
+            let mut syscall = SyscallGetEpochScheduleSysvar {
+                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
+                loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+            };
+            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+
+            syscall.call(
+                got_epochschedule_va,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                &memory_mapping,
+                &mut result,
+            );
+            result.unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(got_epochschedule, src_epochschedule);
+        }
+
+        // Test fees sysvar
+        {
+            let got_fees = Fees::default();
+            let got_fees_va = 2048;
+
+            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+                vec![MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &got_fees as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: got_fees_va,
+                    len: size_of::<Fees>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                }],
+                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+            let src_fees = Fees {
+                fee_calculator: FeeCalculator {
+                    lamports_per_signature: 1,
+                },
+            };
+            let mut invoke_context = MockInvokeContext::new(vec![]);
+            let mut data = vec![];
+            bincode::serialize_into(&mut data, &src_fees).unwrap();
+            invoke_context
+                .sysvars
+                .push((sysvar::fees::id(), Some(Rc::new(data))));
+
+            let mut syscall = SyscallGetFeesSysvar {
+                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
+                loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+            };
+            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+
+            syscall.call(got_fees_va, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+            result.unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(got_fees, src_fees);
+        }
+
+        // Test rent sysvar
+        {
+            let got_rent = Rent::default();
+            let got_rent_va = 2048;
+
+            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+                vec![MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &got_rent as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: got_rent_va,
+                    len: size_of::<Rent>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                }],
+                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+            let src_rent = Rent {
+                lamports_per_byte_year: 1,
+                exemption_threshold: 2.0,
+                burn_percent: 3,
+            };
+            let mut invoke_context = MockInvokeContext::new(vec![]);
+            let mut data = vec![];
+            bincode::serialize_into(&mut data, &src_rent).unwrap();
+            invoke_context
+                .sysvars
+                .push((sysvar::rent::id(), Some(Rc::new(data))));
+
+            let mut syscall = SyscallGetRentSysvar {
+                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
+                loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+            };
+            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+
+            syscall.call(got_rent_va, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+            result.unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(got_rent, src_rent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Bignum tests
+    // creates new bignum with u32 value
+    fn new_u32_bignum(val: u32) -> (Vec<u8>, bool) {
+        let mut my_buffer = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(4);
+        let bytes_len = 4u64;
+        let mut sol_out_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 1024u64,
+            data_len: bytes_len,
+            is_negative: false,
+        };
+        // let bytes_len_addr = &mut bytes_len as *mut _ as u64;
+        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+            vec![
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &mut sol_out_ffi as *mut _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 96,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: my_buffer.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 1024,
+                    len: bytes_len,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                },
+            ],
+            &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
+            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 400 }));
+        let mut syscall = SyscallBigNumFromU32 {
+            cost: 100,
+            word_cost: 6,
+            word_div_cost: 32,
             compute_meter,
             loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
-            enforce_aligned_host_addrs: true,
         };
         let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall_panic.call(
-            100,
-            string.len() as u64,
-            42,
-            84,
-            0,
-            &memory_mapping,
-            &mut result,
-        );
+        syscall.call(96, val as u64, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
         result.unwrap();
+        unsafe { my_buffer.set_len(sol_out_ffi.data_len as usize) };
+        (my_buffer, sol_out_ffi.is_negative)
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_syscall_sol_log() {
-        let string = "Gaggablaghblagh!";
-        let addr = string.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64;
-
-        let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
-            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 1000000 }));
-        let log = Rc::new(RefCell::new(vec![]));
-        let logger: Rc<RefCell<dyn Logger>> =
-            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockLogger { log: log.clone() }));
-        let mut syscall_sol_log = SyscallLog {
-            compute_meter,
-            logger,
-            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
-            enforce_aligned_host_addrs: true,
+    // creates new bignum from decimal string
+    fn new_dec_str_bignum(string: &str) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, bool), EbpfError<BpfError>> {
+        let dec_str_addr = string.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64;
+        let dec_str_len = string.len();
+        // Return Ffi
+        let mut my_buffer = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(dec_str_len);
+        let bytes_len = my_buffer.capacity() as u64;
+        let mut sol_out_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 8196u64,
+            data_len: bytes_len,
+            is_negative: false,
         };
+
         let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-            vec![MemoryRegion {
-                host_addr: addr,
-                vm_addr: 100,
-                len: string.len() as u64,
-                vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                is_writable: false,
-            }],
+            vec![
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: dec_str_addr,
+                    vm_addr: 2048,
+                    len: dec_str_len as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &mut sol_out_ffi as *mut _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 96,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: my_buffer.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 8196,
+                    len: bytes_len,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                },
+            ],
             &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
         )
         .unwrap();
 
+        let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
+            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 10_000 }));
+        let mut syscall = SyscallBigNumFromDecStr {
+            cost: 1,
+            word_cost: 6,
+            word_div_cost: 32,
+            compute_meter,
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+        };
         let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall_sol_log.call(
-            100,
-            string.len() as u64,
-            0,
+        syscall.call(
+            2048,
+            dec_str_len as u64,
+            96,
             0,
             0,
             &memory_mapping,
             &mut result,
         );
-        result.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(log.borrow().len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(log.borrow()[0], "Program log: Gaggablaghblagh!");
+        match result {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                unsafe { my_buffer.set_len(sol_out_ffi.data_len as usize) };
+                Ok((my_buffer, sol_out_ffi.is_negative))
+            }
+            Err(e) => Err(e),
+        }
+    }
+    // creates new bignum with u32 value
+    fn new_from_slice_bignum(val: &[u8]) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, bool), EbpfError<BpfError>> {
+        let mut my_buffer = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(val.len());
+        let bytes_len = val.len();
+        let mut sol_out_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 8192u64,
+            data_len: bytes_len as u64,
+            is_negative: false,
+        };
 
-        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall_sol_log.call(
-            101, // AccessViolation
-            string.len() as u64,
-            0,
-            0,
-            0,
-            &memory_mapping,
-            &mut result,
-        );
-        assert_access_violation!(result, 101, string.len() as u64);
-        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall_sol_log.call(
-            100,
-            string.len() as u64 * 2, // AccessViolation
-            0,
-            0,
-            0,
-            &memory_mapping,
-            &mut result,
-        );
-        assert_access_violation!(result, 100, string.len() as u64 * 2);
-        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall_sol_log.call(
-            100,
-            string.len() as u64,
-            0,
-            0,
-            0,
-            &memory_mapping,
-            &mut result,
-        );
+        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+            vec![
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: val.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 0,
+                    len: bytes_len as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &mut sol_out_ffi as *mut _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 4096,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: my_buffer.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 8192,
+                    len: bytes_len as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                },
+            ],
+            &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
 
         let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
-            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter {
-                remaining: (string.len() as u64 * 2) - 1,
-            }));
-        let logger: Rc<RefCell<dyn Logger>> = Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockLogger { log }));
-        let mut syscall_sol_log = SyscallLog {
+            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 400 }));
+        let mut syscall = SyscallBigNumFromBytes {
+            cost: 100,
+            word_cost: 1,
+            word_div_cost: 32,
             compute_meter,
-            logger,
             loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
-            enforce_aligned_host_addrs: true,
         };
+        let rhs_in_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 2048u64,
+            data_len: bn2_len as u64,
+            is_negative: bn2_is_negative,
+        };
+        let mod_in_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 4096u64,
+            data_len: bn3_len as u64,
+            is_negative: bn3_is_negative,
+        };
+        let mut result_vec = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(bn1_len * bn3_len);
+        let mut sol_out_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 5120u64,
+            data_len: result_vec.capacity() as u64,
+            is_negative: false,
+        };
+        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+            vec![
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &lhs_in_ffi as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 24,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: bn_arg1.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 1024,
+                    len: bn1_len as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &rhs_in_ffi as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 48,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: bn_arg2.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 2048,
+                    len: bn2_len as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &mod_in_ffi as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 72,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: bn_arg3.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 4096,
+                    len: bn3_len as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &mut sol_out_ffi as *mut _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 96,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: result_vec.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 5120,
+                    len: result_vec.capacity() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                },
+            ],
+            &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall_sol_log.call(
-            100,
-            string.len() as u64,
-            0,
-            0,
-            0,
-            &memory_mapping,
-            &mut result,
-        );
-        result.unwrap();
-        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall_sol_log.call(
-            100,
-            string.len() as u64,
+        syscall.call(
             0,
+            bytes_len as u64,
+            4096,
             0,
             0,
             &memory_mapping,
             &mut result,
         );
-        assert_eq!(
-            Err(EbpfError::UserError(BpfError::SyscallError(
-                SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::ComputationalBudgetExceeded)
-            ))),
-            result
-        );
+        match result {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                unsafe { my_buffer.set_len(sol_out_ffi.data_len as usize) };
+                Ok((my_buffer, sol_out_ffi.is_negative))
+            }
+            Err(e) => Err(e),
+        }
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_syscall_sol_log_u64() {
-        let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
-            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter {
-                remaining: std::u64::MAX,
-            }));
-        let log = Rc::new(RefCell::new(vec![]));
-        let logger: Rc<RefCell<dyn Logger>> =
-            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockLogger { log: log.clone() }));
-        let mut syscall_sol_log_u64 = SyscallLogU64 {
-            cost: 0,
-            compute_meter,
-            logger,
+    fn test_syscall_bignum_from_u32() {
+        let (bn_20, is_negative) = new_u32_bignum(20u32);
+        assert!(!is_negative);
+        let bn = BigNum::from_u32(20u32).unwrap().to_vec();
+        assert_eq!(bn_20, bn);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_syscall_bignum_from_dec_str() {
+        let (bn_long_dec, is_negative) = new_dec_str_bignum(LONG_DEC_STRING).unwrap();
+        assert!(!is_negative);
+        let bns = BigNum::from_dec_str(LONG_DEC_STRING).unwrap();
+        let bns_vec = bns.as_ref().to_vec();
+        assert_eq!(bn_long_dec, bns_vec);
+        let (bn_neg_long_dec, is_negative) = new_dec_str_bignum(NEG_LONG_DEC_STRING).unwrap();
+        assert!(is_negative);
+        let bns = BigNum::from_dec_str(NEG_LONG_DEC_STRING).unwrap();
+        let bns_vec = bns.as_ref().to_vec();
+        assert_eq!(bn_neg_long_dec, bns_vec);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_syscall_bignum_from_dec_str_fails() {
+        assert!(new_dec_str_bignum(NOT_A_VALID_DEC_STRING).is_err());
+        assert!(new_dec_str_bignum("").is_err());
+        assert!(new_dec_str_bignum(&format!("{}{}", LONG_DEC_STRING, LONG_DEC_STRING)).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_syscall_bignum_from_slice() {
+        let (bn_from_slice, is_negative) =
+            new_from_slice_bignum(&[255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255]).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(bn_from_slice, [255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255]);
+        assert!(!is_negative);
+        assert!(new_from_slice_bignum(&vec![255u8; 1024]).is_ok());
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn test_syscall_bignum_from_slice_fail() {
+        assert!(new_from_slice_bignum(&vec![255u8; 2048]).is_err());
+        assert!(new_from_slice_bignum(&[]).is_err());
+    }
+
+    // Wrapper for two argument bignum calls
+    fn invoke_bignum_two_arg_calls(
+        lhs: u32,
+        rhs: u32,
+        syscall: &mut dyn solana_rbpf::vm::SyscallObject<BpfError>,
+    ) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, bool), EbpfError<BpfError>> {
+        let (bn_arg1, bn1_is_negative) = new_u32_bignum(lhs);
+        let (bn_arg2, bn2_is_negative) = new_u32_bignum(rhs);
+        let bn1_len = bn_arg1.len();
+        let bn2_len = bn_arg2.len();
+        // Setup Ffi
+        let lhs_in_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 1024u64,
+            data_len: bn1_len as u64,
+            is_negative: bn1_is_negative,
+        };
+        let rhs_in_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 2048u64,
+            data_len: bn2_len as u64,
+            is_negative: bn2_is_negative,
+        };
+        let mut result_vec = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(bn1_len + bn2_len);
+        let mut sol_out_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 4096u64,
+            data_len: result_vec.capacity() as u64,
+            is_negative: false,
         };
-        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(vec![], &DEFAULT_CONFIG).unwrap();
 
-        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall_sol_log_u64.call(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
-        result.unwrap();
+        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
+            vec![
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &lhs_in_ffi as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 24,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: bn_arg1.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 1024,
+                    len: bn1_len as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &rhs_in_ffi as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 48,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: bn_arg2.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 2048,
+                    len: bn2_len as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &mut sol_out_ffi as *mut _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 72,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: result_vec.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 4096,
+                    len: result_vec.capacity() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                },
+            ],
+            &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
 
-        assert_eq!(log.borrow().len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(log.borrow()[0], "Program log: 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5");
+        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
+        syscall.call(24, 48, 72, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+        match result {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                unsafe { result_vec.set_len(sol_out_ffi.data_len as usize) };
+                Ok((result_vec, sol_out_ffi.is_negative))
+            }
+            Err(e) => Err(e),
+        }
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_syscall_sol_pubkey() {
-        let pubkey = Pubkey::from_str("MoqiU1vryuCGQSxFKA1SZ316JdLEFFhoAu6cKUNk7dN").unwrap();
-        let addr = &pubkey.as_ref()[0] as *const _ as u64;
-
-        let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
-            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 2 }));
-        let log = Rc::new(RefCell::new(vec![]));
-        let logger: Rc<RefCell<dyn Logger>> =
-            Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockLogger { log: log.clone() }));
-        let mut syscall_sol_pubkey = SyscallLogPubkey {
-            cost: 1,
-            compute_meter,
-            logger,
-            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
-            enforce_aligned_host_addrs: true,
+    fn invoke_bignum_three_arg_calls(
+        lhs: u32,
+        rhs: u32,
+        mod_arg: u32,
+        syscall: &mut dyn solana_rbpf::vm::SyscallObject<BpfError>,
+    ) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, bool), EbpfError<BpfError>> {
+        let (bn_arg1, bn1_is_negative) = new_u32_bignum(lhs);
+        let (bn_arg2, bn2_is_negative) = new_u32_bignum(rhs);
+        let (bn_arg3, bn3_is_negative) = new_u32_bignum(mod_arg);
+        let bn1_len = bn_arg1.len();
+        let bn2_len = bn_arg2.len();
+        let bn3_len = bn_arg3.len();
+        // Setup Ffi
+        let lhs_in_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 1024u64,
+            data_len: bn1_len as u64,
+            is_negative: bn1_is_negative,
+        };
+        let rhs_in_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 2048u64,
+            data_len: bn2_len as u64,
+            is_negative: bn2_is_negative,
+        };
+        let mod_in_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 4096u64,
+            data_len: bn3_len as u64,
+            is_negative: bn3_is_negative,
+        };
+        let mut result_vec = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(bn1_len * bn3_len);
+        let mut sol_out_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 5120u64,
+            data_len: result_vec.capacity() as u64,
+            is_negative: false,
         };
         let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-            vec![MemoryRegion {
-                host_addr: addr,
-                vm_addr: 100,
-                len: 32,
-                vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                is_writable: false,
-            }],
+            vec![
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &lhs_in_ffi as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 24,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: bn_arg1.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 1024,
+                    len: bn1_len as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &rhs_in_ffi as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 48,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: bn_arg2.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 2048,
+                    len: bn2_len as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &mod_in_ffi as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 72,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: bn_arg3.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 4096,
+                    len: bn3_len as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: false,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: &mut sol_out_ffi as *mut _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 96,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                },
+                MemoryRegion {
+                    host_addr: result_vec.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 5120,
+                    len: result_vec.capacity() as u64,
+                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
+                    is_writable: true,
+                },
+            ],
             &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
         )
         .unwrap();
-
-        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall_sol_pubkey.call(100, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
-        result.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(log.borrow().len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(
-            log.borrow()[0],
-            "Program log: MoqiU1vryuCGQSxFKA1SZ316JdLEFFhoAu6cKUNk7dN"
-        );
-        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall_sol_pubkey.call(
-            101, // AccessViolation
-            32,
-            0,
-            0,
-            0,
-            &memory_mapping,
-            &mut result,
-        );
-        assert_access_violation!(result, 101, 32);
         let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall_sol_pubkey.call(100, 32, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
-        assert_eq!(
-            Err(EbpfError::UserError(BpfError::SyscallError(
-                SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::ComputationalBudgetExceeded)
-            ))),
-            result
-        );
+        syscall.call(24, 48, 72, 96, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+        match result {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                unsafe { result_vec.set_len(sol_out_ffi.data_len as usize) };
+                Ok((result_vec, sol_out_ffi.is_negative))
+            }
+            Err(e) => Err(e),
+        }
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_syscall_sol_alloc_free() {
-        // large alloc
-        {
-            let heap = AlignedMemory::new_with_size(100, HOST_ALIGN);
-            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-                vec![MemoryRegion::new_from_slice(
-                    heap.as_slice(),
-                    MM_HEAP_START,
-                    0,
-                    true,
-                )],
-                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-            let mut syscall = SyscallAllocFree {
-                aligned: true,
-                allocator: BpfAllocator::new(heap, MM_HEAP_START),
-            };
-            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-            syscall.call(100, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
-            assert_ne!(result.unwrap(), 0);
-            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-            syscall.call(100, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
-            assert_eq!(result.unwrap(), 0);
-            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-            syscall.call(u64::MAX, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
-            assert_eq!(result.unwrap(), 0);
-        }
-        // many small unaligned allocs
-        {
-            let heap = AlignedMemory::new_with_size(100, HOST_ALIGN);
-            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-                vec![MemoryRegion::new_from_slice(
-                    heap.as_slice(),
-                    MM_HEAP_START,
-                    0,
-                    true,
-                )],
-                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-            let mut syscall = SyscallAllocFree {
-                aligned: false,
-                allocator: BpfAllocator::new(heap, MM_HEAP_START),
-            };
-            for _ in 0..100 {
-                let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-                syscall.call(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
-                assert_ne!(result.unwrap(), 0);
-            }
-            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-            syscall.call(100, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
-            assert_eq!(result.unwrap(), 0);
-        }
-        // many small aligned allocs
-        {
-            let heap = AlignedMemory::new_with_size(100, HOST_ALIGN);
-            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-                vec![MemoryRegion::new_from_slice(
-                    heap.as_slice(),
-                    MM_HEAP_START,
-                    0,
-                    true,
-                )],
-                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-            let mut syscall = SyscallAllocFree {
-                aligned: true,
-                allocator: BpfAllocator::new(heap, MM_HEAP_START),
-            };
-            for _ in 0..12 {
-                let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-                syscall.call(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
-                assert_ne!(result.unwrap(), 0);
-            }
-            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-            syscall.call(100, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
-            assert_eq!(result.unwrap(), 0);
-        }
-        // aligned allocs
+    fn test_syscall_bignum_simple_math_pass() {
+        let mut syscall_bn_add = SyscallBigNumAdd {
+            cost: 1,
+            word_cost: 6,
+            word_div_cost: 32,
+            compute_meter: Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 200_u64 })),
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+        };
+        let mut syscall_bn_sub = SyscallBigNumSub {
+            cost: 1,
+            word_cost: 6,
+            word_div_cost: 32,
+            compute_meter: Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 200_u64 })),
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+        };
+        let mut syscall_bn_mul = SyscallBigNumMul {
+            cost: 1,
+            word_cost: 6,
+            word_div_cost: 32,
+            compute_meter: Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 200_u64 })),
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+        };
+        let mut syscall_bn_div = SyscallBigNumDiv {
+            cost: 1,
+            word_cost: 6,
+            word_div_cost: 32,
+            compute_meter: Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 200_u64 })),
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+        };
+        assert!(invoke_bignum_two_arg_calls(5, 258, &mut syscall_bn_add).is_ok());
+        assert!(invoke_bignum_two_arg_calls(5, 258, &mut syscall_bn_sub).is_ok());
+        assert!(invoke_bignum_two_arg_calls(300, 10, &mut syscall_bn_div).is_ok());
+        assert!(invoke_bignum_two_arg_calls(5, 5, &mut syscall_bn_mul).is_ok());
+    }
 
-        fn check_alignment<T>() {
-            let heap = AlignedMemory::new_with_size(100, HOST_ALIGN);
-            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-                vec![MemoryRegion::new_from_slice(
-                    heap.as_slice(),
-                    MM_HEAP_START,
-                    0,
-                    true,
-                )],
-                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-            let mut syscall = SyscallAllocFree {
-                aligned: true,
-                allocator: BpfAllocator::new(heap, MM_HEAP_START),
-            };
-            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-            syscall.call(
-                size_of::<u8>() as u64,
-                0,
-                0,
-                0,
-                0,
-                &memory_mapping,
-                &mut result,
-            );
-            let address = result.unwrap();
-            assert_ne!(address, 0);
-            assert_eq!((address as *const u8).align_offset(align_of::<u8>()), 0);
-        }
-        check_alignment::<u8>();
-        check_alignment::<u16>();
-        check_alignment::<u32>();
-        check_alignment::<u64>();
-        check_alignment::<u128>();
+    #[test]
+    fn test_syscall_bignum_simple_math_fail() {
+        let mut syscall_bn_div = SyscallBigNumDiv {
+            cost: 1,
+            word_cost: 6,
+            word_div_cost: 32,
+            compute_meter: Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 200_u64 })),
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+        };
+        assert!(invoke_bignum_two_arg_calls(300, 0, &mut syscall_bn_div).is_err());
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_syscall_sha256() {
-        let bytes1 = "Gaggablaghblagh!";
-        let bytes2 = "flurbos";
+    fn test_syscall_bignum_complex_math() {
+        let mut syscall_bn_exp = SyscallBigNumExp {
+            cost: 1,
+            word_cost: 6,
+            word_div_cost: 32,
+            compute_meter: Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 200_u64 })),
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+        };
+        let mut syscall_bn_mod_sqr = SyscallBigNumModSqr {
+            cost: 1,
+            word_cost: 6,
+            word_div_cost: 32,
+            compute_meter: Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 200_u64 })),
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+        };
+        let mut syscall_bn_mod_inv = SyscallBigNumModInv {
+            cost: 1,
+            word_cost: 6,
+            word_div_cost: 32,
+            compute_meter: Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 200_u64 })),
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+        };
+        assert!(invoke_bignum_two_arg_calls(8, 2, &mut syscall_bn_exp).is_ok());
+        assert!(invoke_bignum_two_arg_calls(11, 7, &mut syscall_bn_mod_sqr).is_ok());
+        assert!(invoke_bignum_two_arg_calls(415, 77, &mut syscall_bn_mod_inv).is_ok());
+    }
 
-        #[allow(dead_code)]
-        struct MockSlice {
-            pub addr: u64,
-            pub len: usize,
-        }
-        let mock_slice1 = MockSlice {
-            addr: 4096,
-            len: bytes1.len(),
+    #[test]
+    fn test_syscall_bignum_complex_math2() {
+        let mut syscall_bn_mod_exp = SyscallBigNumModExp {
+            cost: 1,
+            compute_meter: Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 200_u64 })),
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
+        };
+        let mut syscall_bn_mod_mul = SyscallBigNumModMul {
+            cost: 1,
+            word_cost: 6,
+            word_div_cost: 32,
+            compute_meter: Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter { remaining: 200_u64 })),
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
         };
-        let mock_slice2 = MockSlice {
-            addr: 8192,
-            len: bytes2.len(),
+        assert!(invoke_bignum_three_arg_calls(300, 11, 7, &mut syscall_bn_mod_exp).is_ok());
+        assert!(invoke_bignum_three_arg_calls(300, 11, 7, &mut syscall_bn_mod_mul).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_syscall_bignum_sqr() {
+        let (bn_arg1, bn1_is_negative) = new_u32_bignum(300);
+        let bn1_len = bn_arg1.len();
+
+        // Setup Ffi
+        let rhs_in_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 1024u64,
+            data_len: bn1_len as u64,
+            is_negative: bn1_is_negative,
+        };
+        let mut result_vec = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(bn1_len * 2);
+        let mut sol_out_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
+            data: 4096u64,
+            data_len: result_vec.capacity() as u64,
+            is_negative: false,
         };
-        let bytes_to_hash = [mock_slice1, mock_slice2];
-        let hash_result = [0; HASH_BYTES];
-        let ro_len = bytes_to_hash.len() as u64;
-        let ro_va = 96;
-        let rw_va = 192;
         let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
             vec![
                 MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: bytes1.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: 4096,
-                    len: bytes1.len() as u64,
+                    host_addr: &rhs_in_ffi as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 24,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
                     vm_gap_shift: 63,
                     is_writable: false,
                 },
                 MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: bytes2.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: 8192,
-                    len: bytes2.len() as u64,
+                    host_addr: bn_arg1.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 1024,
+                    len: bn1_len as u64,
                     vm_gap_shift: 63,
                     is_writable: false,
                 },
                 MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: bytes_to_hash.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: 96,
-                    len: 32,
+                    host_addr: &mut sol_out_ffi as *mut _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 72,
+                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
                     vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                    is_writable: false,
+                    is_writable: true,
                 },
                 MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: hash_result.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: rw_va,
-                    len: HASH_BYTES as u64,
+                    host_addr: result_vec.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    vm_addr: 4096,
+                    len: result_vec.capacity() as u64,
                     vm_gap_shift: 63,
                     is_writable: true,
                 },
@@ -3106,239 +5980,43 @@ mod tests {
             &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
         )
         .unwrap();
+
         let compute_meter: Rc<RefCell<dyn ComputeMeter>> =
             Rc::new(RefCell::new(MockComputeMeter {
-                remaining: (bytes1.len() + bytes2.len()) as u64,
+                remaining: (20 + 20) as u64,
             }));
-        let mut syscall = SyscallSha256 {
-            sha256_base_cost: 0,
-            sha256_byte_cost: 2,
+        let mut syscall = SyscallBigNumSqr {
+            cost: 1,
+            word_cost: 6,
+            word_div_cost: 32,
             compute_meter,
-            loader_id: &bpf_loader_deprecated::id(),
-            enforce_aligned_host_addrs: true,
+            loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
         };
-
         let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall.call(ro_va, ro_len, rw_va, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
+        syscall.call(24, 72, 0, 8, 16, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
         result.unwrap();
-
-        let hash_local = hashv(&[bytes1.as_ref(), bytes2.as_ref()]).to_bytes();
-        assert_eq!(hash_result, hash_local);
-        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall.call(
-            ro_va - 1, // AccessViolation
-            ro_len,
-            rw_va,
-            0,
-            0,
-            &memory_mapping,
-            &mut result,
-        );
-        assert_access_violation!(result, ro_va - 1, ro_len);
-        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall.call(
-            ro_va,
-            ro_len + 1, // AccessViolation
-            rw_va,
-            0,
-            0,
-            &memory_mapping,
-            &mut result,
-        );
-        assert_access_violation!(result, ro_va, ro_len + 1);
-        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall.call(
-            ro_va,
-            ro_len,
-            rw_va - 1, // AccessViolation
-            0,
-            0,
-            &memory_mapping,
-            &mut result,
-        );
-        assert_access_violation!(result, rw_va - 1, HASH_BYTES as u64);
-
-        syscall.call(ro_va, ro_len, rw_va, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
-        assert_eq!(
-            Err(EbpfError::UserError(BpfError::SyscallError(
-                SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::ComputationalBudgetExceeded)
-            ))),
-            result
-        );
+        unsafe { result_vec.set_len(sol_out_ffi.data_len as usize) };
+        assert_eq!(result_vec, vec![1, 95, 144]);
     }
-
     #[test]
-    fn test_syscall_get_sysvar() {
-        // Test clock sysvar
-        {
-            let got_clock = Clock::default();
-            let got_clock_va = 2048;
-
-            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-                vec![MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: &got_clock as *const _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: got_clock_va,
-                    len: size_of::<Clock>() as u64,
-                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                    is_writable: true,
-                }],
-                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-
-            let src_clock = Clock {
-                slot: 1,
-                epoch_start_timestamp: 2,
-                epoch: 3,
-                leader_schedule_epoch: 4,
-                unix_timestamp: 5,
-            };
-            let mut invoke_context = MockInvokeContext::new(vec![]);
-            let mut data = vec![];
-            bincode::serialize_into(&mut data, &src_clock).unwrap();
-            invoke_context
-                .sysvars
-                .push((sysvar::clock::id(), Some(Rc::new(data))));
-
-            let mut syscall = SyscallGetClockSysvar {
-                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
-                loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
-            };
-            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-
-            syscall.call(got_clock_va, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
-            result.unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(got_clock, src_clock);
-        }
-
-        // Test epoch_schedule sysvar
-        {
-            let got_epochschedule = EpochSchedule::default();
-            let got_epochschedule_va = 2048;
-
-            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-                vec![MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: &got_epochschedule as *const _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: got_epochschedule_va,
-                    len: size_of::<EpochSchedule>() as u64,
-                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                    is_writable: true,
-                }],
-                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-
-            let src_epochschedule = EpochSchedule {
-                slots_per_epoch: 1,
-                leader_schedule_slot_offset: 2,
-                warmup: false,
-                first_normal_epoch: 3,
-                first_normal_slot: 4,
-            };
-            let mut invoke_context = MockInvokeContext::new(vec![]);
-            let mut data = vec![];
-            bincode::serialize_into(&mut data, &src_epochschedule).unwrap();
-            invoke_context
-                .sysvars
-                .push((sysvar::epoch_schedule::id(), Some(Rc::new(data))));
-
-            let mut syscall = SyscallGetEpochScheduleSysvar {
-                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
-                loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
-            };
-            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-
-            syscall.call(
-                got_epochschedule_va,
-                0,
-                0,
-                0,
-                0,
-                &memory_mapping,
-                &mut result,
-            );
-            result.unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(got_epochschedule, src_epochschedule);
-        }
-
-        // Test fees sysvar
-        {
-            let got_fees = Fees::default();
-            let got_fees_va = 2048;
-
-            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-                vec![MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: &got_fees as *const _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: got_fees_va,
-                    len: size_of::<Fees>() as u64,
-                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                    is_writable: true,
-                }],
-                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-
-            let src_fees = Fees {
-                fee_calculator: FeeCalculator {
-                    lamports_per_signature: 1,
-                },
-            };
-            let mut invoke_context = MockInvokeContext::new(vec![]);
-            let mut data = vec![];
-            bincode::serialize_into(&mut data, &src_fees).unwrap();
-            invoke_context
-                .sysvars
-                .push((sysvar::fees::id(), Some(Rc::new(data))));
-
-            let mut syscall = SyscallGetFeesSysvar {
-                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
-                loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
-            };
-            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-
-            syscall.call(got_fees_va, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
-            result.unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(got_fees, src_fees);
-        }
-
-        // Test rent sysvar
-        {
-            let got_rent = Rent::default();
-            let got_rent_va = 2048;
-
-            let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-                vec![MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: &got_rent as *const _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: got_rent_va,
-                    len: size_of::<Rent>() as u64,
-                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                    is_writable: true,
-                }],
-                &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-
-            let src_rent = Rent {
-                lamports_per_byte_year: 1,
-                exemption_threshold: 2.0,
-                burn_percent: 3,
-            };
-            let mut invoke_context = MockInvokeContext::new(vec![]);
-            let mut data = vec![];
-            bincode::serialize_into(&mut data, &src_rent).unwrap();
-            invoke_context
-                .sysvars
-                .push((sysvar::rent::id(), Some(Rc::new(data))));
+    fn test_valid_big_endian() {
+        let be_bytes_in = u32::to_be_bytes(256);
+        let bn_bytes_out = BigNum::from_slice(&be_bytes_in).unwrap().to_vec();
+        assert_eq!(bn_bytes_out, [1, 0]);
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+=======
+>>>>>>> 51b0df078 (Bignum encoding length variations)
+        let be_bytes_in: Vec<u8> = vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0];
+        let bn_bytes_out = BigNum::from_slice(&be_bytes_in).unwrap().to_vec();
+        assert_eq!(bn_bytes_out, [1, 0]);
+    }
+=======
+    }
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 
-            let mut syscall = SyscallGetRentSysvar {
-                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
-                loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
-            };
-            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
 
-            syscall.call(got_rent_va, 0, 0, 0, 0, &memory_mapping, &mut result);
-            result.unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(got_rent, src_rent);
-        }
-    }
+>>>>>>> 2961987fa (Bignum syscalls)
+=======
+>>>>>>> 7a46654ca (Bignum syscalls)
 }
diff --git a/sdk/bpf/c/inc/solana_bignumber.h b/sdk/bpf/c/inc/solana_bignumber.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..1679e559187519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdk/bpf/c/inc/solana_bignumber.h
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+#pragma once
+/**
+ * @brief Solana C-based BPF program BigNumber functions and types
+ */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include "solana_sdk.h"
+
+/**
+ * Return the maximum of two uint64_t numbers
+ */
+uint64_t max_u64(uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) {
+  if (lhs > rhs) {
+    return lhs;
+  } else {
+    return rhs;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * BigNumber structure required by tghe BigNum syscalls
+ */
+typedef struct {
+  uint64_t
+      data_len; /** Length of the data, in bytes, pointed to by data_addr */
+  uint64_t
+      is_negative;    /** Indicator if number is positive (0) or negative (1) */
+  uint8_t *data_addr; /** Pointer to the array of big endian bytes representing
+                          BigNumber value */
+} SolBigNumber;
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a SolBigNumber, inclues allocating memory for the data, must call
+ * `sol_bignum_deinit` to free that memory
+ */
+static SolBigNumber sol_bignum_init(uint64_t data_len) {
+  SolBigNumber bn;
+  bn.is_negative = false;
+  bn.data_len = data_len;
+  bn.data_addr = sol_calloc(data_len, 1);
+  return bn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Deinitalize a SolBigNumber, free's the data memory
+ */
+static void sol_bignum_deinit(SolBigNumber *bn_ptr) {
+  bn_ptr->is_negative = false;
+  bn_ptr->data_len = 0;
+  sol_free(bn_ptr->data_addr);
+  bn_ptr->data_addr = 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sol_bignum_equal
+ *
+ * @param lhs_bn_ptr Address of the lhs SolBigNumber
+ * @param rhs_bn_ptr Address of the rhs SolBigNumber
+ */
+static bool sol_bignum_equal(SolBigNumber *lhs_bn_ptr,
+                             SolBigNumber *rhs_bn_ptr) {
+  if (lhs_bn_ptr->is_negative == rhs_bn_ptr->is_negative) {
+    if (lhs_bn_ptr->data_len == rhs_bn_ptr->data_len) {
+      if (!sol_memcmp(lhs_bn_ptr->data_addr, rhs_bn_ptr->data_addr,
+                      lhs_bn_ptr->data_len)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sol_bignum_from_u32
+ *
+ * @param val_u32 unsigned 32 bit value to assign to the new object
+ * @return SolBigNumber result
+ */
+static SolBigNumber sol_bignum_from_u32(const uint64_t val_u32) {
+  uint64_t sol_bignum_from_u32_(SolBigNumber * out_bn_ptr,
+                                const uint64_t val_u32);
+
+  SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_init(4);
+  sol_bignum_from_u32_(&bn, val_u32);
+  return bn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sol_bignum_from_dec_str
+ *
+ * @param in_dec_str_ptr address of decimal string
+ * @param in_len number of byytes in the decimal string
+ * @return SolBigNumber result
+ */
+static SolBigNumber sol_bignum_from_dec_str(const char *in_dec_str_ptr,
+                                            uint64_t str_len) {
+  uint64_t sol_bignum_from_dec_str_(const uint64_t *dec_str_ptr,
+                                    uint64_t str_len, SolBigNumber *out_bn_ptr);
+
+  SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_init(str_len);
+  sol_bignum_from_dec_str_(in_dec_str_ptr, str_len, &bn);
+  return bn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sol_bignum_from_bytes
+ * @param bytes_ptr array of bytes
+ * @param bytes_len length of bytes
+ * @return SolBigNumber result
+ */
+static SolBigNumber sol_bignum_from_bytes(const uint8_t *bytes_ptr,
+                                          uint64_t bytes_len) {
+  uint64_t sol_bignum_from_bytes_(const uint64_t *bytes_ptr, uint64_t bytes_len,
+                                  SolBigNumber *out_bn_ptr);
+
+  SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_init(bytes_len);
+  sol_bignum_from_bytes_(bytes_ptr, bytes_len, &bn);
+  return bn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sol_bignum_add
+ * @param in_bn_lhs_ptr address of the lhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @param in_bn_rhs_ptr address of the rhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @return SolBigNumber result
+ */
+static SolBigNumber sol_bignum_add(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                                   const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr) {
+  uint64_t sol_bignum_add_(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                           const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr,
+                           SolBigNumber *out_bn_ptr);
+  uint64_t out_data_len =
+      max_u64(in_bn_lhs_ptr->data_len, in_bn_rhs_ptr->data_len) + 1;
+  SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_init(out_data_len);
+  sol_bignum_add_(in_bn_lhs_ptr, in_bn_rhs_ptr, &bn);
+  return bn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sol_bignum_sub
+ * @param in_bn_lhs_ptr address of the lhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @param in_bn_rhs_ptr address of the rhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @return SolBigNumber result
+ */
+static SolBigNumber sol_bignum_sub(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                                   const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr) {
+  uint64_t sol_bignum_sub_(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                           const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr,
+                           SolBigNumber *out_bn_ptr);
+  uint64_t out_data_len =
+      max_u64(in_bn_lhs_ptr->data_len, in_bn_rhs_ptr->data_len) + 1;
+  SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_init(out_data_len);
+  sol_bignum_sub_(in_bn_lhs_ptr, in_bn_rhs_ptr, &bn);
+  return bn;
+}
+/**
+ * sol_bignum_mul
+ * @param in_bn_lhs_ptr address of the lhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @param in_bn_rhs_ptr address of the rhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @return SolBigNumber result
+ */
+static SolBigNumber sol_bignum_mul(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                                   const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr) {
+  uint64_t sol_bignum_mul_(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                           const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr,
+                           SolBigNumber *out_bn_ptr);
+  uint64_t out_data_len =
+      max_u64(in_bn_lhs_ptr->data_len, in_bn_rhs_ptr->data_len) + 1;
+  SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_init(out_data_len);
+  sol_bignum_mul_(in_bn_lhs_ptr, in_bn_rhs_ptr, &bn);
+  return bn;
+}
+/**
+ * sol_bignum_div
+ * @param in_bn_lhs_ptr address of the lhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @param in_bn_rhs_ptr address of the rhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @return SolBigNumber result
+ */
+static SolBigNumber sol_bignum_div(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                                   const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr) {
+  uint64_t sol_bignum_div_(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                           const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr,
+                           SolBigNumber *out_bn_ptr);
+  uint64_t out_data_len =
+      max_u64(in_bn_lhs_ptr->data_len, in_bn_rhs_ptr->data_len) + 1;
+  SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_init(out_data_len);
+  sol_bignum_div_(in_bn_lhs_ptr, in_bn_rhs_ptr, &bn);
+  return bn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sol_bignum_sqr
+ * @param in_bn_lhs_ptr address of the lhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @param out_bn_ptr address of the SolBigNumber result structure
+ * @return SolBigNumber result
+ */
+static SolBigNumber sol_bignum_sqr(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr) {
+  uint64_t sol_bignum_sqr_(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                           SolBigNumber *out_bn_ptr);
+  uint64_t out_data_len = in_bn_lhs_ptr->data_len * 2;
+  SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_init(out_data_len);
+  sol_bignum_sqr_(in_bn_lhs_ptr, &bn);
+  return bn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sol_bignum_exp
+ * @param in_bn_lhs_ptr address of the lhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @param in_bn_rhs_ptr address of the rhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @return SolBigNumber result
+ */
+static SolBigNumber sol_bignum_exp(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                                   const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr) {
+  uint64_t sol_bignum_exp_(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                           const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr,
+                           SolBigNumber *out_bn_ptr);
+  uint64_t out_data_len = in_bn_lhs_ptr->data_len + in_bn_rhs_ptr->data_len;
+  SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_init(out_data_len);
+  sol_bignum_exp_(in_bn_lhs_ptr, in_bn_rhs_ptr, &bn);
+  return bn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sol_bignum_mod_sqr
+ * @param in_bn_lhs_ptr address of the lhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @param in_bn_mod_ptr address of the modulus SolBigNumber structure
+ * @return SolBigNumber result
+ */
+static SolBigNumber sol_bignum_mod_sqr(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                                       const SolBigNumber *in_bn_mod_ptr) {
+  uint64_t sol_bignum_mod_sqr_(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                               const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr,
+                               SolBigNumber *out_bn_ptr);
+  uint64_t out_data_len = in_bn_mod_ptr->data_len;
+  SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_init(out_data_len);
+  sol_bignum_mod_sqr_(in_bn_lhs_ptr, in_bn_mod_ptr, &bn);
+  return bn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sol_bignum_mod_exp
+ * @param in_bn_lhs_ptr address of the lhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @param in_bn_rhs_ptr address of the rhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @param in_bn_mod_ptr address of the modulus SolBigNumber structure
+ * @return SolBigNumber result
+ */
+static SolBigNumber sol_bignum_mod_exp(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                                       const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr,
+                                       const SolBigNumber *in_bn_mod_ptr) {
+  uint64_t sol_bignum_mod_exp_(
+      const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr, const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr,
+      const SolBigNumber *in_bn_mod_ptr, SolBigNumber *out_bn_ptr);
+  uint64_t out_data_len = in_bn_mod_ptr->data_len;
+  SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_init(out_data_len);
+  sol_bignum_mod_exp_(in_bn_lhs_ptr, in_bn_rhs_ptr, in_bn_mod_ptr, &bn);
+  return bn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sol_bignum_mod_mul
+ * @param in_bn_lhs_ptr address of the lhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @param in_bn_rhs_ptr address of the rhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @param in_bn_mod_ptr address of the rhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @return SolBigNumber result
+ */
+static SolBigNumber sol_bignum_mod_mul(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                                       const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr,
+                                       const SolBigNumber *in_bn_mod_ptr) {
+  uint64_t sol_bignum_mod_mul_(
+      const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr, const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr,
+      const SolBigNumber *in_bn_mod_ptr, SolBigNumber *out_bn_ptr);
+  uint64_t out_data_len = in_bn_mod_ptr->data_len;
+  SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_init(out_data_len);
+  sol_bignum_mod_mul_(in_bn_lhs_ptr, in_bn_rhs_ptr, in_bn_mod_ptr, &bn);
+  return bn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sol_bignum_mod_inv
+ * @param in_bn_lhs_ptr address of the lhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @param in_bn_rhs_ptr address of the rhs SolBigNumber structure
+ * @param out_bn_ptr address of the SolBigNumber result structure
+ * @return SolBigNumber result
+ */
+static SolBigNumber sol_bignum_mod_inv(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                                       const SolBigNumber *in_bn_mod_ptr) {
+  uint64_t sol_bignum_mod_inv_(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_lhs_ptr,
+                               const SolBigNumber *in_bn_rhs_ptr,
+                               SolBigNumber *out_bn_ptr);
+  uint64_t out_data_len = in_bn_mod_ptr->data_len;
+  SolBigNumber bn = sol_bignum_init(out_data_len);
+  sol_bignum_mod_inv_(in_bn_lhs_ptr, in_bn_mod_ptr, &bn);
+  return bn;
+}
+
+/** Logs a SolBigNumber
+ * @param in_bn_ptr address of the SolBigNumber to log
+ */
+static void sol_bignum_log(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_ptr) {
+  uint64_t sol_bignum_log_(const SolBigNumber *in_bn_ptr);
+
+  sol_bignum_log_(in_bn_ptr);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/sdk/program/Cargo.toml b/sdk/program/Cargo.toml
index fa6e2e353a10e4..5a5748e9b82df6 100644
--- a/sdk/program/Cargo.toml
+++ b/sdk/program/Cargo.toml
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ thiserror = "1.0"
 
 [target.'cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))'.dependencies]
 curve25519-dalek = "2.1.0"
+openssl = "0.10.32"
 rand = "0.7.0"
 solana-logger = { path = "../../logger", version = "=1.8.0" }
 
diff --git a/sdk/program/src/bignumber.rs b/sdk/program/src/bignumber.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..1b475a0a009b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdk/program/src/bignumber.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,826 @@
+//! Solana BigNumber
+//!
+//! Rust-based BigNumber provides safe math for arbitrarily large numbers.
+//! Primarily focues on BPF program usage, non-BPF is also supported by
+//! backing from the OpenSSL implementation
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+/// BPF structure for sending/receiving BigNumber data to/from syscalls
+pub struct FfiBigNumber {
+    pub data_len: u64,     // Length of bytes of data
+    pub is_negative: bool, // False (0) or True (1) if data is positive or negative
+    pub data: u64, // Pointer to the variable length big endian array represneting the value of BigNumber
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+#[derive(AbiExample, Debug, Eq, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub struct BigNumber {
+    data: openssl::bn::BigNum, // For non-BPF we use OpenSSL
+}
+#[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+#[derive(AbiExample, Clone, Debug, Eq, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub struct BigNumber {
+    data: Vec<u8>,
+    is_negative: bool,
+}
+
+impl BigNumber {
+    /// Returns a BigNumber with initial value of 0
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            let bn = openssl::bn::BigNum::new().unwrap();
+            Self { data: bn }
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        Self {
+            data: vec![0],
+            is_negative: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the size, in bytes, of BigNum. Typically used in
+    /// assessing buffer size needed to fetch the bytes for serialization, etc.
+    pub fn size_in_bytes(&self) -> usize {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            self.data.num_bytes() as usize
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            self.data.len()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a big-endian byte vector representation
+    /// of the absolute value of `self`
+    pub fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            if self.data.num_bytes() == 0 {
+                return vec![0u8];
+            }
+            self.data.to_vec()
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            self.data.clone()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+    pub fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        &self.data
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a BigNumber with initial value set to a u32 value
+    pub fn from_u32(u32_val: u32) -> Self {
+        if u32_val == 0 {
+            Self::new()
+        } else {
+            #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+            {
+                let bn = openssl::bn::BigNum::from_u32(u32_val).unwrap();
+                Self { data: bn }
+            }
+            #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+            {
+                extern "C" {
+                    fn sol_bignum_from_u32_(bn_syscall_result: *mut u64, u32_data: u64) -> u64;
+                }
+                let mut data = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(4);
+                let mut bn_syscall_result = {
+                    FfiBigNumber {
+                        data: data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                        data_len: 4u64,
+                        is_negative: false,
+                    }
+                };
+                unsafe {
+                    sol_bignum_from_u32_(
+                        &mut bn_syscall_result as *mut _ as *mut u64,
+                        u32_val as u64,
+                    );
+                    data.set_len(bn_syscall_result.data_len as usize);
+                }
+                Self {
+                    is_negative: bn_syscall_result.is_negative,
+                    data,
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a BigNumber from a decimal string
+    pub fn from_dec_str(string: &str) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            let bn = openssl::bn::BigNum::from_dec_str(string).unwrap();
+            Self { data: bn }
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            extern "C" {
+                fn sol_bignum_from_dec_str_(
+                    in_dec_str_ptr: *const u64,
+                    in_len: u64,
+                    bn_syscall_result: *mut u64,
+                ) -> u64;
+            }
+            // The output buffer could be sized to 3.32 bits/digit but this would consume compute units
+            let mut data = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(string.len());
+            let mut bn_syscall_result = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    data_len: string.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: false,
+                }
+            };
+
+            unsafe {
+                sol_bignum_from_dec_str_(
+                    string.as_ptr() as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    string.len() as u64,
+                    &mut bn_syscall_result as *mut _ as *mut u64,
+                );
+                data.set_len(bn_syscall_result.data_len as usize);
+            }
+            Self {
+                is_negative: bn_syscall_result.is_negative,
+                data,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Construct a BigNumber from a unsigned absolute big endian array of bytes
+    pub fn from_bytes(in_data: &[u8]) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            Self {
+                data: openssl::bn::BigNum::from_slice(in_data).unwrap(),
+            }
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            extern "C" {
+                fn sol_bignum_from_bytes_(
+                    in_bytes_ptr: *const u64,
+                    in_bytes_len: u64,
+                    bn_syscall_result: *mut u64,
+                ) -> u64;
+            }
+            let data_size = in_data.len();
+            let mut data = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(data_size);
+            let mut bn_syscall_result = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    data_len: data_size as u64,
+                    is_negative: false,
+                }
+            };
+            unsafe {
+                sol_bignum_from_bytes_(
+                    in_data.as_ptr() as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    data_size as u64,
+                    &mut bn_syscall_result as *mut _ as *mut u64,
+                );
+                data.set_len(bn_syscall_result.data_len as usize);
+            }
+            Self {
+                is_negative: bn_syscall_result.is_negative,
+                data,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Flag indicating if negative or not
+    pub fn is_negative(&self) -> bool {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            self.data.is_negative()
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            self.is_negative
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Adds self with another BigNumber and returns
+    /// a new BigNumber
+    pub fn add(&self, rhs: &BigNumber) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            let mut bn_done = openssl::bn::BigNum::new().unwrap();
+            bn_done.checked_add(&self.data, &rhs.data).unwrap();
+            Self { data: bn_done }
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            extern "C" {
+                fn sol_bignum_add_(
+                    lhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    rhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    bn_syscall_result: *mut u64,
+                ) -> u64;
+            }
+            let lhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: self.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: self.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: self.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let rhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: rhs.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: rhs.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: rhs.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let data_len = std::cmp::max(lhs_ffi_in.data_len, rhs_ffi_in.data_len) + 1;
+            let mut data = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(data_len as usize);
+            let mut bn_syscall_result = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    data_len: data_len,
+                    is_negative: false,
+                }
+            };
+            unsafe {
+                sol_bignum_add_(
+                    &lhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &rhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &mut bn_syscall_result as *mut _ as *mut u64,
+                );
+                data.set_len(bn_syscall_result.data_len as usize);
+            }
+            Self {
+                is_negative: bn_syscall_result.is_negative,
+                data,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /// Subtracts BigNumber from self and returns
+    /// a new BigNumber
+    pub fn sub(&self, rhs: &BigNumber) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            let mut bn_done = openssl::bn::BigNum::new().unwrap();
+            bn_done.checked_sub(&self.data, &rhs.data).unwrap();
+            Self { data: bn_done }
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            extern "C" {
+                fn sol_bignum_sub_(
+                    lhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    rhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    bn_syscall_result: *mut u64,
+                ) -> u64;
+            }
+            let lhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: self.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: self.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: self.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let rhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: rhs.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: rhs.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: rhs.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let data_len = std::cmp::max(lhs_ffi_in.data_len, rhs_ffi_in.data_len) + 1;
+            let mut data = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(data_len as usize);
+            let mut bn_syscall_result = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    data_len: data_len,
+                    is_negative: false,
+                }
+            };
+            unsafe {
+                sol_bignum_sub_(
+                    &lhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &rhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &mut bn_syscall_result as *mut _ as *mut u64,
+                );
+                data.set_len(bn_syscall_result.data_len as usize);
+            }
+            Self {
+                is_negative: bn_syscall_result.is_negative,
+                data,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Multiplies another BigNumber with self and returns
+    /// a new BigNumber
+    pub fn mul(&self, rhs: &BigNumber) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            let mut bn_done = openssl::bn::BigNum::new().unwrap();
+            let mut ctx = openssl::bn::BigNumContext::new().unwrap();
+            bn_done
+                .checked_mul(&self.data, &rhs.data, &mut ctx)
+                .unwrap();
+            Self { data: bn_done }
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            extern "C" {
+                fn sol_bignum_mul_(
+                    lhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    rhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    bn_syscall_result: *mut u64,
+                ) -> u64;
+            }
+            let lhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: self.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: self.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: self.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let rhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: rhs.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: rhs.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: rhs.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let data_len = std::cmp::max(lhs_ffi_in.data_len, rhs_ffi_in.data_len) + 1;
+            let mut data = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(data_len as usize);
+            let mut bn_syscall_result = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    data_len: data_len,
+                    is_negative: false,
+                }
+            };
+            unsafe {
+                sol_bignum_mul_(
+                    &lhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &rhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &mut bn_syscall_result as *mut _ as *mut u64,
+                );
+                data.set_len(bn_syscall_result.data_len as usize);
+            }
+            Self {
+                is_negative: bn_syscall_result.is_negative,
+                data,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Divides self by another  and returns
+    /// a new BigNumber
+    pub fn div(&self, rhs: &BigNumber) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            let mut bn_done = openssl::bn::BigNum::new().unwrap();
+            let mut ctx = openssl::bn::BigNumContext::new().unwrap();
+            bn_done
+                .checked_div(&self.data, &rhs.data, &mut ctx)
+                .unwrap();
+            Self { data: bn_done }
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            extern "C" {
+                fn sol_bignum_div_(
+                    lhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    rhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    bn_syscall_result: *mut u64,
+                ) -> u64;
+            }
+            let lhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: self.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: self.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: self.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let rhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: rhs.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: rhs.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: rhs.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let data_len = std::cmp::max(lhs_ffi_in.data_len, rhs_ffi_in.data_len) + 1;
+            let mut data = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(data_len as usize);
+            let mut bn_syscall_result = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    data_len: data_len,
+                    is_negative: false,
+                }
+            };
+            unsafe {
+                sol_bignum_div_(
+                    &lhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &rhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &mut bn_syscall_result as *mut _ as *mut u64,
+                );
+                data.set_len(bn_syscall_result.data_len as usize);
+            }
+            Self {
+                is_negative: bn_syscall_result.is_negative,
+                data,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a new BigNumber of self squared
+    pub fn sqr(&self) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            let mut bn_done = openssl::bn::BigNum::new().unwrap();
+            let mut ctx = openssl::bn::BigNumContext::new().unwrap();
+            bn_done.sqr(&self.data, &mut ctx).unwrap();
+            Self { data: bn_done }
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            extern "C" {
+                fn sol_bignum_sqr_(lhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64, bn_syscall_result: *mut u64)
+                    -> u64;
+            }
+            let lhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: self.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: self.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: self.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let data_len = lhs_ffi_in.data_len * 2;
+            let mut data = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(data_len as usize);
+            let mut bn_syscall_result = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    data_len: data_len,
+                    is_negative: false,
+                }
+            };
+            unsafe {
+                sol_bignum_sqr_(
+                    &lhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &mut bn_syscall_result as *mut _ as *mut u64,
+                );
+                data.set_len(bn_syscall_result.data_len as usize);
+            }
+            Self {
+                is_negative: bn_syscall_result.is_negative,
+                data,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Raise self to exponent
+    pub fn exp(&self, exponent: &BigNumber) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            let mut bn_done = openssl::bn::BigNum::new().unwrap();
+            let mut ctx = openssl::bn::BigNumContext::new().unwrap();
+            bn_done.exp(&self.data, &exponent.data, &mut ctx).unwrap();
+            Self { data: bn_done }
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            extern "C" {
+                fn sol_bignum_exp_(
+                    lhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    rhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    bn_syscall_result: *mut u64,
+                ) -> u64;
+            }
+            let lhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: self.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: self.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: self.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let rhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: exponent.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: exponent.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: exponent.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let data_len = lhs_ffi_in.data_len * rhs_ffi_in.data_len;
+            let mut data = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(data_len as usize);
+            let mut bn_syscall_result = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    data_len: data_len,
+                    is_negative: false,
+                }
+            };
+            unsafe {
+                sol_bignum_exp_(
+                    &lhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &rhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &mut bn_syscall_result as *mut _ as *mut u64,
+                );
+                data.set_len(bn_syscall_result.data_len as usize);
+            }
+            Self {
+                is_negative: bn_syscall_result.is_negative,
+                data,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /// Returns self squared % modulus
+    pub fn mod_sqr(&self, modulus: &BigNumber) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            let mut bn_done = openssl::bn::BigNum::new().unwrap();
+            let mut ctx = openssl::bn::BigNumContext::new().unwrap();
+            bn_done
+                .mod_sqr(&self.data, &modulus.data, &mut ctx)
+                .unwrap();
+            Self { data: bn_done }
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            extern "C" {
+                fn sol_bignum_mod_sqr_(
+                    lhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    rhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    bn_syscall_result: *mut u64,
+                ) -> u64;
+            }
+            let lhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: self.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: self.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: self.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let rhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: modulus.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: modulus.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: modulus.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let data_len = modulus.data.len();
+            let mut data = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(data_len as usize);
+            let mut bn_syscall_result = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    data_len: data_len as u64,
+                    is_negative: false,
+                }
+            };
+            unsafe {
+                sol_bignum_mod_sqr_(
+                    &lhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &rhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &mut bn_syscall_result as *mut _ as *mut u64,
+                );
+                data.set_len(bn_syscall_result.data_len as usize);
+            }
+            Self {
+                is_negative: bn_syscall_result.is_negative,
+                data,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Compute modular exponentiation (self ^ exponent % modulus) and return the result
+    pub fn mod_exp(&self, exponent: &BigNumber, modulus: &BigNumber) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            let mut bn_done = openssl::bn::BigNum::new().unwrap();
+            let mut ctx = openssl::bn::BigNumContext::new().unwrap();
+            bn_done
+                .mod_exp(&self.data, &exponent.data, &modulus.data, &mut ctx)
+                .unwrap();
+            Self { data: bn_done }
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            extern "C" {
+                fn sol_bignum_mod_exp_(
+                    lhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    rhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    mod_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    bn_syscall_result: *mut u64,
+                ) -> u64;
+            }
+            let lhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: self.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: self.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: self.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let rhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: exponent.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: exponent.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: exponent.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let mod_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: modulus.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: modulus.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: modulus.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let data_len = modulus.data.len();
+            let mut data = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(data_len as usize);
+            let mut bn_syscall_result = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    data_len: data_len as u64,
+                    is_negative: false,
+                }
+            };
+
+            unsafe {
+                sol_bignum_mod_exp_(
+                    &lhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &rhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &mod_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &mut bn_syscall_result as *mut _ as *mut u64,
+                );
+                data.set_len(data_len as usize);
+            }
+            Self {
+                is_negative: bn_syscall_result.is_negative,
+                data,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Mod multiplier (self * multiplier) % modulus
+    pub fn mod_mul(&self, multiplier: &BigNumber, modulus: &BigNumber) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            let mut bn_done = openssl::bn::BigNum::new().unwrap();
+            let mut ctx = openssl::bn::BigNumContext::new().unwrap();
+            bn_done
+                .mod_mul(&self.data, &multiplier.data, &modulus.data, &mut ctx)
+                .unwrap();
+            Self { data: bn_done }
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            extern "C" {
+                fn sol_bignum_mod_mul_(
+                    lhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    rhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    mod_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    bn_syscall_result: *mut u64,
+                ) -> u64;
+            }
+            let lhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: self.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: self.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: self.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let rhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: multiplier.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: multiplier.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: multiplier.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let mod_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: modulus.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: modulus.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: modulus.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let data_len = modulus.data.len();
+            let mut data = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(data_len as usize);
+            let mut bn_syscall_result = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    data_len: data_len as u64,
+                    is_negative: false,
+                }
+            };
+
+            unsafe {
+                sol_bignum_mod_mul_(
+                    &lhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &rhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &mod_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &mut bn_syscall_result as *mut _ as *mut u64,
+                );
+                data.set_len(data_len as usize);
+            }
+            Self {
+                is_negative: bn_syscall_result.is_negative,
+                data,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /// Finds the inverse of modulus on self
+    pub fn mod_inv(&self, modulus: &BigNumber) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            let mut bn_done = openssl::bn::BigNum::new().unwrap();
+            let mut ctx = openssl::bn::BigNumContext::new().unwrap();
+            bn_done
+                .mod_inverse(&self.data, &modulus.data, &mut ctx)
+                .unwrap();
+            Self { data: bn_done }
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            extern "C" {
+                fn sol_bignum_mod_inv_(
+                    lhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    rhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64,
+                    bn_syscall_result: *mut u64,
+                ) -> u64;
+            }
+            let lhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: self.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: self.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: self.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let rhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: modulus.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: modulus.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: modulus.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            let data_len = modulus.data.len();
+            let mut data = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(data_len as usize);
+            let mut bn_syscall_result = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: data.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
+                    data_len: data_len as u64,
+                    is_negative: false,
+                }
+            };
+            unsafe {
+                sol_bignum_mod_inv_(
+                    &lhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &rhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64,
+                    &mut bn_syscall_result as *mut _ as *mut u64,
+                );
+                data.set_len(bn_syscall_result.data_len as usize);
+            }
+            Self {
+                is_negative: bn_syscall_result.is_negative,
+                data,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Log a `BigNum` from a program to the solana logs
+    pub fn log(&self) {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+        {
+            crate::program_stubs::sol_log(&self.data.to_dec_str().unwrap());
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "bpf")]
+        {
+            extern "C" {
+                fn sol_bignum_log_(lhs_ffi_in_addr: *const u64) -> u64;
+            }
+            let lhs_ffi_in = {
+                FfiBigNumber {
+                    data: self.data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
+                    data_len: self.data.len() as u64,
+                    is_negative: self.is_negative,
+                }
+            };
+            unsafe { sol_bignum_log_(&lhs_ffi_in as *const _ as *const u64) };
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "bpf"))]
+impl Clone for BigNumber {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        match openssl::bn::BigNum::from_slice(&self.data.to_vec()) {
+            Ok(bn) => Self { data: bn },
+            Err(_) => panic!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for BigNumber {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        BigNumber::new()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sdk/program/src/lib.rs b/sdk/program/src/lib.rs
index bed762359d87a8..438d7c865c4780 100644
--- a/sdk/program/src/lib.rs
+++ b/sdk/program/src/lib.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 extern crate self as solana_program;
 
 pub mod account_info;
+pub mod bignumber;
 pub mod blake3;
 pub mod borsh;
 pub mod bpf_loader;
diff --git a/sdk/src/feature_set.rs b/sdk/src/feature_set.rs
index 82864276fcdca1..3bd9b21f200b51 100644
--- a/sdk/src/feature_set.rs
+++ b/sdk/src/feature_set.rs
@@ -134,6 +134,9 @@ pub mod stake_program_v4 {
 pub mod memory_ops_syscalls {
     solana_sdk::declare_id!("ENQi37wsVhTvFz2gUiZAAbqFEWGN2jwFsqdEDTE8A4MU");
 }
+pub mod bignum_syscall_enabled {
+    solana_sdk::declare_id!("BM3LiLruWMHeSJpoN1mgEzpxfKs9f7k8FvSMbgNBqN1E");
+}
 
 pub mod add_missing_program_error_mappings {
     solana_sdk::declare_id!("3QEUpjhgPEt92nz3Mqf6pABkHPGCQwSvKtyGMq4SuQyL");
@@ -189,6 +192,7 @@ lazy_static! {
         (system_transfer_zero_check::id(), "perform all checks for transfers of 0 lamports"),
         (blake3_syscall_enabled::id(), "blake3 syscall"),
         (dedupe_config_program_signers::id(), "dedupe config program signers"),
+        (bignum_syscall_enabled::id(), "bignum syscall"),
         /*************** ADD NEW FEATURES HERE ***************/
     ]
     .iter()
diff --git a/sdk/src/process_instruction.rs b/sdk/src/process_instruction.rs
index 5a43398711b996..b452c3b46ac177 100644
--- a/sdk/src/process_instruction.rs
+++ b/sdk/src/process_instruction.rs
@@ -181,7 +181,42 @@ pub struct BpfComputeBudget {
     pub cpi_bytes_per_unit: u64,
     /// Base number of compute units consumed to get a sysvar
     pub sysvar_base_cost: u64,
+    /// Base number of compute units consumed to call BigNum new from u32 value
+    pub bignum_from_u32_base_cost: u64,
+    /// Base number of compute units consumed to call BigNum new from a decimal string
+    pub bignum_from_dec_str_base_cost: u64,
+    /// Incremental number of units consumed to drop/dealloc BigNum (based on bytes)
+    pub bignum_mod_exp_base_cost: u64,
+    /// Number of compute units consumed by logging a `BigNum`
+    pub bignum_log_cost: u64,
+    /// Number of compute units consumed by BigNum add
+    pub bignum_add_cost: u64,
+    /// Number of compute units consumed by BigNum subtract
+    pub bignum_sub_cost: u64,
+    /// Number of compute units consumed by BigNum mutliply
+    pub bignum_mul_cost: u64,
+    /// Number of compute units consumed by BigNum divide
+    pub bignum_div_cost: u64,
+    /// Number of compute units consumed by BigNum exp
+    pub bignum_exp_cost: u64,
+    /// Number of compute units consumed by BigNum sqr
+    pub bignum_sqr_cost: u64,
+    /// Number of compute units consumed by BigNum mod_sqr
+    pub bignum_mod_sqr_cost: u64,
+    /// Number of compute units consumed by BigNum mod_mul
+    pub bignum_mod_mul_cost: u64,
+    /// Number of compute units consumed by BigNum mod_inv
+    pub bignum_mod_inv_cost: u64,
+    /// Number of compute units consumed for base BigNum data
+    pub bignum_word_cost: u64,
+    /// Divsor for number of compute units consumed for base BigNum data
+    pub bignum_word_cost_divisor: u64,
+    /// Number of compute units consumed for BigNum data from decimal string
+    pub bignum_from_dec_word_cost: u64,
+    /// Number of compute units costing the from_slice operation
+    pub bignum_from_bytes_word_cost: u64,
 }
+
 impl Default for BpfComputeBudget {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self::new()
@@ -204,6 +239,23 @@ impl BpfComputeBudget {
             max_cpi_instruction_size: 1280, // IPv6 Min MTU size
             cpi_bytes_per_unit: 250,        // ~50MB at 200,000 units
             sysvar_base_cost: 100,
+            bignum_from_u32_base_cost: 100,
+            bignum_from_dec_str_base_cost: 100,
+            bignum_mod_exp_base_cost: 100,
+            bignum_log_cost: 100,
+            bignum_add_cost: 30,
+            bignum_sub_cost: 30,
+            bignum_mul_cost: 60,
+            bignum_div_cost: 60,
+            bignum_exp_cost: 60,
+            bignum_sqr_cost: 30,
+            bignum_mod_sqr_cost: 60,
+            bignum_mod_mul_cost: 90,
+            bignum_mod_inv_cost: 90,
+            bignum_word_cost: 6,
+            bignum_word_cost_divisor: 32,
+            bignum_from_dec_word_cost: 1000,
+            bignum_from_bytes_word_cost: 4,
         }
     }
 }

From 0483ca9e4fbdeb2667420d846935e50a8d4960b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Frank V. Castellucci" <frankiecast@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Jun 2021 06:22:53 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 2/5] Bignum syscalls

---
 programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/src/lib.rs | 19 -------------------
 programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs         | 20 --------------------
 programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs    | 13 +------------
 3 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 51 deletions(-)

diff --git a/programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/src/lib.rs b/programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/src/lib.rs
index 1bf24957bbbd00..badcafc2cf112d 100644
--- a/programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/src/lib.rs
+++ b/programs/bpf/rust/bignumber/src/lib.rs
@@ -28,32 +28,13 @@ fn test_constructors() {
     assert!(!bn_from_dec.is_negative());
     let bn_from_dec = BigNumber::from_dec_str(NEG_LONG_DEC_STRING);
     assert!(bn_from_dec.is_negative());
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-=======
->>>>>>> 2961987fa (Bignum syscalls)
     // Test endian encoding
     let be_bytes_in = u32::to_be_bytes(256);
     let bn_bytes_out = BigNumber::from_bytes(&be_bytes_in).to_vec();
     assert_eq!(bn_bytes_out, [1, 0]);
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-<<<<<<< HEAD
     let be_bytes_in: Vec<u8> = vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0];
     let bn_bytes_out = BigNumber::from_bytes(&be_bytes_in).to_vec();
     assert_eq!(bn_bytes_out, [1, 0]);
-=======
->>>>>>> aab413c19 (Align files with struct names)
-=======
-
->>>>>>> 2961987fa (Bignum syscalls)
-=======
->>>>>>> 7eee92e63 (Bignum syscalls - fix format issue)
-=======
-    let be_bytes_in: Vec<u8> = vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0];
-    let bn_bytes_out = BigNumber::from_bytes(&be_bytes_in).to_vec();
-    assert_eq!(bn_bytes_out, [1, 0]);
->>>>>>> 51b0df078 (Bignum encoding length variations)
 }
 
 /// BigNumber simple number and simple maths
diff --git a/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs b/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs
index c58f0dd6e3462e..e1732b5962710f 100644
--- a/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs
+++ b/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs
@@ -430,15 +430,7 @@ fn test_program_bpf_sanity() {
     {
         programs.extend_from_slice(&[
             ("alloc", true),
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-<<<<<<< HEAD
             ("bignumber", true),
-=======
-            ("bignum", true),
->>>>>>> e515f0c31 (Add C bindings and tests)
-=======
-            ("bignumber", true),
->>>>>>> aab413c19 (Align files with struct names)
             ("bpf_to_bpf", true),
             ("float", true),
             ("multiple_static", true),
@@ -1302,19 +1294,7 @@ fn assert_instruction_count() {
         programs.extend_from_slice(&[
             ("solana_bpf_rust_128bit", 584),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_alloc", 8906),
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-            ("solana_bpf_rust_bignumber", 10853),
-=======
-            ("solana_bpf_rust_bignumber", 9967),
->>>>>>> aab413c19 (Align files with struct names)
-=======
-            ("solana_bpf_rust_bignumber", 10384),
->>>>>>> 7ba04a7b8 (Bignum - fixed instruction count)
-=======
             ("solana_bpf_rust_bignumber", 10853),
->>>>>>> 51b0df078 (Bignum encoding length variations)
             ("solana_bpf_rust_custom_heap", 539),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_dep_crate", 47),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_external_spend", 521),
diff --git a/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs b/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
index 65b09557c3e78a..2bc2ea5a2a1f1c 100644
--- a/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
+++ b/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
@@ -6003,20 +6003,9 @@ mod tests {
         let be_bytes_in = u32::to_be_bytes(256);
         let bn_bytes_out = BigNum::from_slice(&be_bytes_in).unwrap().to_vec();
         assert_eq!(bn_bytes_out, [1, 0]);
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-=======
->>>>>>> 51b0df078 (Bignum encoding length variations)
+
         let be_bytes_in: Vec<u8> = vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0];
         let bn_bytes_out = BigNum::from_slice(&be_bytes_in).unwrap().to_vec();
         assert_eq!(bn_bytes_out, [1, 0]);
     }
-=======
-    }
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-
-
->>>>>>> 2961987fa (Bignum syscalls)
-=======
->>>>>>> 7a46654ca (Bignum syscalls)
 }

From e443f574e992c8cb2a585d2f24a2e36e09e2a94c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Frank V. Castellucci" <frankiecast@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Jun 2021 06:45:43 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 3/5] Bignum syscalls

---
 programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs | 90 +----------------------------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 88 deletions(-)

diff --git a/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs b/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
index 2bc2ea5a2a1f1c..58f7be2b035f99 100644
--- a/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
+++ b/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
@@ -5117,15 +5117,6 @@ mod tests {
             ro_len,
             rw_va,
             0,
-            &memory_mapping,
-            &mut result,
-        );
-        assert_access_violation!(result, ro_va - 1, ro_len);
-        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
-        syscall.call(
-            ro_va,
-            ro_len + 1, // AccessViolation
-            rw_va,
             0,
             &memory_mapping,
             &mut result,
@@ -5453,7 +5444,7 @@ mod tests {
             Err(e) => Err(e),
         }
     }
-    // creates new bignum with u32 value
+    // creates new bignum from a slice of data
     fn new_from_slice_bignum(val: &[u8]) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, bool), EbpfError<BpfError>> {
         let mut my_buffer = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(val.len());
         let bytes_len = val.len();
@@ -5500,84 +5491,7 @@ mod tests {
             compute_meter,
             loader_id: &bpf_loader::id(),
         };
-        let rhs_in_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
-            data: 2048u64,
-            data_len: bn2_len as u64,
-            is_negative: bn2_is_negative,
-        };
-        let mod_in_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
-            data: 4096u64,
-            data_len: bn3_len as u64,
-            is_negative: bn3_is_negative,
-        };
-        let mut result_vec = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(bn1_len * bn3_len);
-        let mut sol_out_ffi = FfiBigNumber {
-            data: 5120u64,
-            data_len: result_vec.capacity() as u64,
-            is_negative: false,
-        };
-        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
-            vec![
-                MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: &lhs_in_ffi as *const _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: 24,
-                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
-                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                    is_writable: false,
-                },
-                MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: bn_arg1.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: 1024,
-                    len: bn1_len as u64,
-                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                    is_writable: false,
-                },
-                MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: &rhs_in_ffi as *const _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: 48,
-                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
-                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                    is_writable: false,
-                },
-                MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: bn_arg2.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: 2048,
-                    len: bn2_len as u64,
-                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                    is_writable: false,
-                },
-                MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: &mod_in_ffi as *const _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: 72,
-                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
-                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                    is_writable: false,
-                },
-                MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: bn_arg3.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: 4096,
-                    len: bn3_len as u64,
-                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                    is_writable: false,
-                },
-                MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: &mut sol_out_ffi as *mut _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: 96,
-                    len: std::mem::size_of::<FfiBigNumber>() as u64,
-                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                    is_writable: true,
-                },
-                MemoryRegion {
-                    host_addr: result_vec.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _ as u64,
-                    vm_addr: 5120,
-                    len: result_vec.capacity() as u64,
-                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
-                    is_writable: true,
-                },
-            ],
-            &DEFAULT_CONFIG,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+
         let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
         syscall.call(
             0,

From 161955f7459d70ac72693774c2342972928c2e58 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Frank V. Castellucci" <frankiecast@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Jun 2021 06:52:53 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] Bignum syscalls

---
 programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs b/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
index 58f7be2b035f99..1b9c77cb4254a9 100644
--- a/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
+++ b/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
@@ -2629,7 +2629,7 @@ fn bignum_to_ffibignumber(
         } else if big_number_len == bnffi.data_len {
             (*bn_buffer_out).copy_from_slice(&big_number_bytes);
         } else {
-            bn_buffer_out[..big_number_bytes.len()].copy_from_slice(&&big_number_bytes);
+            bn_buffer_out[..big_number_bytes.len()].copy_from_slice(&big_number_bytes);
             (*bnffi).data_len = big_number_len;
         }
         *result = Ok(SUCCESS)

From c731ff2d629f46c50af9f94e7f7431e9692dc343 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Frank V. Castellucci" <frankiecast@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Jun 2021 08:16:27 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 5/5] Bignum syscalls

---
 programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs b/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs
index e1732b5962710f..06e0f0f16f91c9 100644
--- a/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs
+++ b/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs
@@ -1293,11 +1293,11 @@ fn assert_instruction_count() {
     {
         programs.extend_from_slice(&[
             ("solana_bpf_rust_128bit", 584),
-            ("solana_bpf_rust_alloc", 8906),
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_alloc", 7082),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_bignumber", 10853),
-            ("solana_bpf_rust_custom_heap", 539),
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_custom_heap", 522),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_dep_crate", 47),
-            ("solana_bpf_rust_external_spend", 521),
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_external_spend", 504),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_iter", 724),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_many_args", 233),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_mem", 3119),
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ fn assert_instruction_count() {
             ("solana_bpf_rust_param_passing", 46),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_rand", 481),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_sanity", 873),
-            ("solana_bpf_rust_sha", 32295),
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_sha", 32301),
         ]);
     }