From 90d5bd85bcf2919ac2735a47fde675213348a0a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 17 Sep 2023 17:55:46 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 01/33] params: begin Geth v1.13.2 release cycle

---
 params/version.go | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/params/version.go b/params/version.go
index d75165f3c93a..56d5a99a8008 100644
--- a/params/version.go
+++ b/params/version.go
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	VersionMajor = 1        // Major version component of the current release
-	VersionMinor = 13       // Minor version component of the current release
-	VersionPatch = 1        // Patch version component of the current release
-	VersionMeta  = "stable" // Version metadata to append to the version string
+	VersionMajor = 1          // Major version component of the current release
+	VersionMinor = 13         // Minor version component of the current release
+	VersionPatch = 2          // Patch version component of the current release
+	VersionMeta  = "unstable" // Version metadata to append to the version string
 )
 
 // Version holds the textual version string.

From e9f78db79d39cf0382208bf904ac03ccdb860c86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 13:41:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 02/33] cmd/evm: fix some issues with the evm run command
 (#28109)

* cmd/evm: improve flags handling

This fixes some issues with flags in cmd/evm. The supported flags did not
actually show up in help output because they weren't categorized. I'm also
adding the VM-related flags to the run command here so they can be given
after the subcommand name. So it can be run like this now:

   ./evm run --code 6001 --debug

* cmd/evm: enable all forks by default in run command

The default genesis was just empty with no forks at all, which is annoying because
contracts will be relying on opcodes introduced in a fork. So this changes the default to
have all forks enabled.

* core/asm: fix some issues in the assembler

This fixes minor bugs in the old assembler:

- It is now possible to have comments on the same line as an instruction.
- Errors for invalid numbers in the jump instruction are reported better
- Line numbers in errors were off by one
---
 cmd/evm/blockrunner.go       |   6 +-
 cmd/evm/main.go              | 185 +++++++++++++++++++----------------
 cmd/evm/runner.go            |  96 ++++++------------
 cmd/evm/staterunner.go       |   6 --
 core/asm/compiler.go         | 183 ++++++++++++++++++----------------
 core/asm/compiler_test.go    |   8 ++
 core/asm/lex_test.go         |  10 ++
 core/asm/lexer.go            |  40 +++-----
 core/asm/tokentype_string.go |  31 ++++++
 9 files changed, 295 insertions(+), 270 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 core/asm/tokentype_string.go

diff --git a/cmd/evm/blockrunner.go b/cmd/evm/blockrunner.go
index 0be5f6971138..6612680dc40b 100644
--- a/cmd/evm/blockrunner.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/blockrunner.go
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/logger"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/tests"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
@@ -41,10 +40,7 @@ func blockTestCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if len(ctx.Args().First()) == 0 {
 		return errors.New("path-to-test argument required")
 	}
-	// Configure the go-ethereum logger
-	glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(false)))
-	glogger.Verbosity(log.Lvl(ctx.Int(VerbosityFlag.Name)))
-	log.Root().SetHandler(glogger)
+
 	var tracer vm.EVMLogger
 	// Configure the EVM logger
 	if ctx.Bool(MachineFlag.Name) {
diff --git a/cmd/evm/main.go b/cmd/evm/main.go
index 024be62b9c54..1f6500b78c6c 100644
--- a/cmd/evm/main.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/main.go
@@ -23,107 +23,116 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/debug"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
 var (
 	DebugFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "debug",
-		Usage: "output full trace logs",
-	}
-	MemProfileFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-		Name:  "memprofile",
-		Usage: "creates a memory profile at the given path",
-	}
-	CPUProfileFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-		Name:  "cpuprofile",
-		Usage: "creates a CPU profile at the given path",
+		Name:     "debug",
+		Usage:    "output full trace logs",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	StatDumpFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "statdump",
-		Usage: "displays stack and heap memory information",
+		Name:     "statdump",
+		Usage:    "displays stack and heap memory information",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	CodeFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-		Name:  "code",
-		Usage: "EVM code",
+		Name:     "code",
+		Usage:    "EVM code",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	CodeFileFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-		Name:  "codefile",
-		Usage: "File containing EVM code. If '-' is specified, code is read from stdin ",
+		Name:     "codefile",
+		Usage:    "File containing EVM code. If '-' is specified, code is read from stdin ",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	GasFlag = &cli.Uint64Flag{
-		Name:  "gas",
-		Usage: "gas limit for the evm",
-		Value: 10000000000,
+		Name:     "gas",
+		Usage:    "gas limit for the evm",
+		Value:    10000000000,
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	PriceFlag = &flags.BigFlag{
-		Name:  "price",
-		Usage: "price set for the evm",
-		Value: new(big.Int),
+		Name:     "price",
+		Usage:    "price set for the evm",
+		Value:    new(big.Int),
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	ValueFlag = &flags.BigFlag{
-		Name:  "value",
-		Usage: "value set for the evm",
-		Value: new(big.Int),
+		Name:     "value",
+		Usage:    "value set for the evm",
+		Value:    new(big.Int),
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	DumpFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "dump",
-		Usage: "dumps the state after the run",
+		Name:     "dump",
+		Usage:    "dumps the state after the run",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	InputFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-		Name:  "input",
-		Usage: "input for the EVM",
+		Name:     "input",
+		Usage:    "input for the EVM",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	InputFileFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-		Name:  "inputfile",
-		Usage: "file containing input for the EVM",
-	}
-	VerbosityFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
-		Name:  "verbosity",
-		Usage: "sets the verbosity level",
+		Name:     "inputfile",
+		Usage:    "file containing input for the EVM",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	BenchFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "bench",
-		Usage: "benchmark the execution",
+		Name:     "bench",
+		Usage:    "benchmark the execution",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	CreateFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "create",
-		Usage: "indicates the action should be create rather than call",
+		Name:     "create",
+		Usage:    "indicates the action should be create rather than call",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	GenesisFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-		Name:  "prestate",
-		Usage: "JSON file with prestate (genesis) config",
+		Name:     "prestate",
+		Usage:    "JSON file with prestate (genesis) config",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	MachineFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "json",
-		Usage: "output trace logs in machine readable format (json)",
+		Name:     "json",
+		Usage:    "output trace logs in machine readable format (json)",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	SenderFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-		Name:  "sender",
-		Usage: "The transaction origin",
+		Name:     "sender",
+		Usage:    "The transaction origin",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	ReceiverFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-		Name:  "receiver",
-		Usage: "The transaction receiver (execution context)",
+		Name:     "receiver",
+		Usage:    "The transaction receiver (execution context)",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	DisableMemoryFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "nomemory",
-		Value: true,
-		Usage: "disable memory output",
+		Name:     "nomemory",
+		Value:    true,
+		Usage:    "disable memory output",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	DisableStackFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "nostack",
-		Usage: "disable stack output",
+		Name:     "nostack",
+		Usage:    "disable stack output",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	DisableStorageFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "nostorage",
-		Usage: "disable storage output",
+		Name:     "nostorage",
+		Usage:    "disable storage output",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	DisableReturnDataFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "noreturndata",
-		Value: true,
-		Usage: "enable return data output",
+		Name:     "noreturndata",
+		Value:    true,
+		Usage:    "enable return data output",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 )
 
@@ -183,34 +192,38 @@ var blockBuilderCommand = &cli.Command{
 	},
 }
 
+// vmFlags contains flags related to running the EVM.
+var vmFlags = []cli.Flag{
+	CodeFlag,
+	CodeFileFlag,
+	CreateFlag,
+	GasFlag,
+	PriceFlag,
+	ValueFlag,
+	InputFlag,
+	InputFileFlag,
+	GenesisFlag,
+	SenderFlag,
+	ReceiverFlag,
+}
+
+// traceFlags contains flags that configure tracing output.
+var traceFlags = []cli.Flag{
+	BenchFlag,
+	DebugFlag,
+	DumpFlag,
+	MachineFlag,
+	StatDumpFlag,
+	DisableMemoryFlag,
+	DisableStackFlag,
+	DisableStorageFlag,
+	DisableReturnDataFlag,
+}
+
 var app = flags.NewApp("the evm command line interface")
 
 func init() {
-	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
-		BenchFlag,
-		CreateFlag,
-		DebugFlag,
-		VerbosityFlag,
-		CodeFlag,
-		CodeFileFlag,
-		GasFlag,
-		PriceFlag,
-		ValueFlag,
-		DumpFlag,
-		InputFlag,
-		InputFileFlag,
-		MemProfileFlag,
-		CPUProfileFlag,
-		StatDumpFlag,
-		GenesisFlag,
-		MachineFlag,
-		SenderFlag,
-		ReceiverFlag,
-		DisableMemoryFlag,
-		DisableStackFlag,
-		DisableStorageFlag,
-		DisableReturnDataFlag,
-	}
+	app.Flags = flags.Merge(vmFlags, traceFlags, debug.Flags)
 	app.Commands = []*cli.Command{
 		compileCommand,
 		disasmCommand,
@@ -221,6 +234,14 @@ func init() {
 		transactionCommand,
 		blockBuilderCommand,
 	}
+	app.Before = func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+		flags.MigrateGlobalFlags(ctx)
+		return debug.Setup(ctx)
+	}
+	app.After = func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+		debug.Exit()
+		return nil
+	}
 }
 
 func main() {
diff --git a/cmd/evm/runner.go b/cmd/evm/runner.go
index ac8432badb19..017388efb586 100644
--- a/cmd/evm/runner.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/runner.go
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 	"os"
 	goruntime "runtime"
-	"runtime/pprof"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -34,12 +33,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm/runtime"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/triedb/hashdb"
@@ -52,6 +49,7 @@ var runCommand = &cli.Command{
 	Usage:       "run arbitrary evm binary",
 	ArgsUsage:   "<code>",
 	Description: `The run command runs arbitrary EVM code.`,
+	Flags:       flags.Merge(vmFlags, traceFlags),
 }
 
 // readGenesis will read the given JSON format genesis file and return
@@ -109,9 +107,6 @@ func timedExec(bench bool, execFunc func() ([]byte, uint64, error)) (output []by
 }
 
 func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-	glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(false)))
-	glogger.Verbosity(log.Lvl(ctx.Int(VerbosityFlag.Name)))
-	log.Root().SetHandler(glogger)
 	logconfig := &logger.Config{
 		EnableMemory:     !ctx.Bool(DisableMemoryFlag.Name),
 		DisableStack:     ctx.Bool(DisableStackFlag.Name),
@@ -121,15 +116,14 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	var (
-		tracer        vm.EVMLogger
-		debugLogger   *logger.StructLogger
-		statedb       *state.StateDB
-		chainConfig   *params.ChainConfig
-		sender        = common.BytesToAddress([]byte("sender"))
-		receiver      = common.BytesToAddress([]byte("receiver"))
-		genesisConfig *core.Genesis
-		preimages     = ctx.Bool(DumpFlag.Name)
-		blobHashes    []common.Hash // TODO (MariusVanDerWijden) implement blob hashes in state tests
+		tracer      vm.EVMLogger
+		debugLogger *logger.StructLogger
+		statedb     *state.StateDB
+		chainConfig *params.ChainConfig
+		sender      = common.BytesToAddress([]byte("sender"))
+		receiver    = common.BytesToAddress([]byte("receiver"))
+		preimages   = ctx.Bool(DumpFlag.Name)
+		blobHashes  []common.Hash // TODO (MariusVanDerWijden) implement blob hashes in state tests
 	)
 	if ctx.Bool(MachineFlag.Name) {
 		tracer = logger.NewJSONLogger(logconfig, os.Stdout)
@@ -139,30 +133,30 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	} else {
 		debugLogger = logger.NewStructLogger(logconfig)
 	}
+
+	initialGas := ctx.Uint64(GasFlag.Name)
+	genesisConfig := new(core.Genesis)
+	genesisConfig.GasLimit = initialGas
 	if ctx.String(GenesisFlag.Name) != "" {
-		gen := readGenesis(ctx.String(GenesisFlag.Name))
-		genesisConfig = gen
-		db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-		triedb := trie.NewDatabase(db, &trie.Config{
-			Preimages: preimages,
-			HashDB:    hashdb.Defaults,
-		})
-		defer triedb.Close()
-		genesis := gen.MustCommit(db, triedb)
-		sdb := state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db, triedb)
-		statedb, _ = state.New(genesis.Root(), sdb, nil)
-		chainConfig = gen.Config
+		genesisConfig = readGenesis(ctx.String(GenesisFlag.Name))
+		if genesisConfig.GasLimit != 0 {
+			initialGas = genesisConfig.GasLimit
+		}
 	} else {
-		db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-		triedb := trie.NewDatabase(db, &trie.Config{
-			Preimages: preimages,
-			HashDB:    hashdb.Defaults,
-		})
-		defer triedb.Close()
-		sdb := state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db, triedb)
-		statedb, _ = state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb, nil)
-		genesisConfig = new(core.Genesis)
+		genesisConfig.Config = params.AllEthashProtocolChanges
 	}
+
+	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	triedb := trie.NewDatabase(db, &trie.Config{
+		Preimages: preimages,
+		HashDB:    hashdb.Defaults,
+	})
+	defer triedb.Close()
+	genesis := genesisConfig.MustCommit(db, triedb)
+	sdb := state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db, triedb)
+	statedb, _ = state.New(genesis.Root(), sdb, nil)
+	chainConfig = genesisConfig.Config
+
 	if ctx.String(SenderFlag.Name) != "" {
 		sender = common.HexToAddress(ctx.String(SenderFlag.Name))
 	}
@@ -216,10 +210,6 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		}
 		code = common.Hex2Bytes(bin)
 	}
-	initialGas := ctx.Uint64(GasFlag.Name)
-	if genesisConfig.GasLimit != 0 {
-		initialGas = genesisConfig.GasLimit
-	}
 	runtimeConfig := runtime.Config{
 		Origin:      sender,
 		State:       statedb,
@@ -236,19 +226,6 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		},
 	}
 
-	if cpuProfilePath := ctx.String(CPUProfileFlag.Name); cpuProfilePath != "" {
-		f, err := os.Create(cpuProfilePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("could not create CPU profile: ", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-		if err := pprof.StartCPUProfile(f); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("could not start CPU profile: ", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-		defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
-	}
-
 	if chainConfig != nil {
 		runtimeConfig.ChainConfig = chainConfig
 	} else {
@@ -296,19 +273,6 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		fmt.Println(string(statedb.Dump(nil)))
 	}
 
-	if memProfilePath := ctx.String(MemProfileFlag.Name); memProfilePath != "" {
-		f, err := os.Create(memProfilePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("could not create memory profile: ", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-		if err := pprof.WriteHeapProfile(f); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("could not write memory profile: ", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-		f.Close()
-	}
-
 	if ctx.Bool(DebugFlag.Name) {
 		if debugLogger != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "#### TRACE ####")
diff --git a/cmd/evm/staterunner.go b/cmd/evm/staterunner.go
index 85931f040683..8a07fccdf886 100644
--- a/cmd/evm/staterunner.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/staterunner.go
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state/snapshot"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/logger"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/tests"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
@@ -52,11 +51,6 @@ type StatetestResult struct {
 }
 
 func stateTestCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-	// Configure the go-ethereum logger
-	glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(false)))
-	glogger.Verbosity(log.Lvl(ctx.Int(VerbosityFlag.Name)))
-	log.Root().SetHandler(glogger)
-
 	// Configure the EVM logger
 	config := &logger.Config{
 		EnableMemory:     !ctx.Bool(DisableMemoryFlag.Name),
diff --git a/core/asm/compiler.go b/core/asm/compiler.go
index 4b1d379206f6..75bf726c9690 100644
--- a/core/asm/compiler.go
+++ b/core/asm/compiler.go
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package asm
 
 import (
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 	"os"
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ import (
 // and holds the tokens for the program.
 type Compiler struct {
 	tokens []token
-	binary []interface{}
+	out    []byte
 
 	labels map[string]int
 
@@ -50,12 +52,10 @@ func NewCompiler(debug bool) *Compiler {
 // Feed feeds tokens in to ch and are interpreted by
 // the compiler.
 //
-// feed is the first pass in the compile stage as it
-// collects the used labels in the program and keeps a
-// program counter which is used to determine the locations
-// of the jump dests. The labels can than be used in the
-// second stage to push labels and determine the right
-// position.
+// feed is the first pass in the compile stage as it collects the used labels in the
+// program and keeps a program counter which is used to determine the locations of the
+// jump dests. The labels can than be used in the second stage to push labels and
+// determine the right position.
 func (c *Compiler) Feed(ch <-chan token) {
 	var prev token
 	for i := range ch {
@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@ func (c *Compiler) Feed(ch <-chan token) {
 				c.pc++
 			}
 		}
-
 		c.tokens = append(c.tokens, i)
 		prev = i
 	}
@@ -88,12 +87,11 @@ func (c *Compiler) Feed(ch <-chan token) {
 	}
 }
 
-// Compile compiles the current tokens and returns a
-// binary string that can be interpreted by the EVM
-// and an error if it failed.
+// Compile compiles the current tokens and returns a binary string that can be interpreted
+// by the EVM and an error if it failed.
 //
-// compile is the second stage in the compile phase
-// which compiles the tokens to EVM instructions.
+// compile is the second stage in the compile phase which compiles the tokens to EVM
+// instructions.
 func (c *Compiler) Compile() (string, []error) {
 	var errors []error
 	// continue looping over the tokens until
@@ -105,16 +103,8 @@ func (c *Compiler) Compile() (string, []error) {
 	}
 
 	// turn the binary to hex
-	var bin strings.Builder
-	for _, v := range c.binary {
-		switch v := v.(type) {
-		case vm.OpCode:
-			bin.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%x", []byte{byte(v)}))
-		case []byte:
-			bin.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%x", v))
-		}
-	}
-	return bin.String(), errors
+	h := hex.EncodeToString(c.out)
+	return h, errors
 }
 
 // next returns the next token and increments the
@@ -156,87 +146,114 @@ func (c *Compiler) compileLine() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// compileNumber compiles the number to bytes
-func (c *Compiler) compileNumber(element token) {
-	num := math.MustParseBig256(element.text).Bytes()
-	if len(num) == 0 {
-		num = []byte{0}
+// parseNumber compiles the number to bytes
+func parseNumber(tok token) ([]byte, error) {
+	if tok.typ != number {
+		panic("parseNumber of non-number token")
+	}
+	num, ok := math.ParseBig256(tok.text)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("invalid number")
 	}
-	c.pushBin(num)
+	bytes := num.Bytes()
+	if len(bytes) == 0 {
+		bytes = []byte{0}
+	}
+	return bytes, nil
 }
 
 // compileElement compiles the element (push & label or both)
 // to a binary representation and may error if incorrect statements
 // where fed.
 func (c *Compiler) compileElement(element token) error {
-	// check for a jump. jumps must be read and compiled
-	// from right to left.
-	if isJump(element.text) {
-		rvalue := c.next()
-		switch rvalue.typ {
-		case number:
-			// TODO figure out how to return the error properly
-			c.compileNumber(rvalue)
-		case stringValue:
-			// strings are quoted, remove them.
-			c.pushBin(rvalue.text[1 : len(rvalue.text)-2])
-		case label:
-			c.pushBin(vm.PUSH4)
-			pos := big.NewInt(int64(c.labels[rvalue.text])).Bytes()
-			pos = append(make([]byte, 4-len(pos)), pos...)
-			c.pushBin(pos)
-		case lineEnd:
-			c.pos--
-		default:
-			return compileErr(rvalue, rvalue.text, "number, string or label")
-		}
-		// push the operation
-		c.pushBin(toBinary(element.text))
+	switch {
+	case isJump(element.text):
+		return c.compileJump(element.text)
+	case isPush(element.text):
+		return c.compilePush()
+	default:
+		c.outputOpcode(toBinary(element.text))
 		return nil
-	} else if isPush(element.text) {
-		// handle pushes. pushes are read from left to right.
-		var value []byte
+	}
+}
 
-		rvalue := c.next()
-		switch rvalue.typ {
-		case number:
-			value = math.MustParseBig256(rvalue.text).Bytes()
-			if len(value) == 0 {
-				value = []byte{0}
-			}
-		case stringValue:
-			value = []byte(rvalue.text[1 : len(rvalue.text)-1])
-		case label:
-			value = big.NewInt(int64(c.labels[rvalue.text])).Bytes()
-			value = append(make([]byte, 4-len(value)), value...)
-		default:
-			return compileErr(rvalue, rvalue.text, "number, string or label")
+func (c *Compiler) compileJump(jumpType string) error {
+	rvalue := c.next()
+	switch rvalue.typ {
+	case number:
+		numBytes, err := parseNumber(rvalue)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
+		c.outputBytes(numBytes)
 
-		if len(value) > 32 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%d type error: unsupported string or number with size > 32", rvalue.lineno)
-		}
+	case stringValue:
+		// strings are quoted, remove them.
+		str := rvalue.text[1 : len(rvalue.text)-2]
+		c.outputBytes([]byte(str))
+
+	case label:
+		c.outputOpcode(vm.PUSH4)
+		pos := big.NewInt(int64(c.labels[rvalue.text])).Bytes()
+		pos = append(make([]byte, 4-len(pos)), pos...)
+		c.outputBytes(pos)
+
+	case lineEnd:
+		// push without argument is supported, it just takes the destination from the stack.
+		c.pos--
 
-		c.pushBin(vm.OpCode(int(vm.PUSH1) - 1 + len(value)))
-		c.pushBin(value)
-	} else {
-		c.pushBin(toBinary(element.text))
+	default:
+		return compileErr(rvalue, rvalue.text, "number, string or label")
 	}
+	// push the operation
+	c.outputOpcode(toBinary(jumpType))
+	return nil
+}
 
+func (c *Compiler) compilePush() error {
+	// handle pushes. pushes are read from left to right.
+	var value []byte
+	rvalue := c.next()
+	switch rvalue.typ {
+	case number:
+		value = math.MustParseBig256(rvalue.text).Bytes()
+		if len(value) == 0 {
+			value = []byte{0}
+		}
+	case stringValue:
+		value = []byte(rvalue.text[1 : len(rvalue.text)-1])
+	case label:
+		value = big.NewInt(int64(c.labels[rvalue.text])).Bytes()
+		value = append(make([]byte, 4-len(value)), value...)
+	default:
+		return compileErr(rvalue, rvalue.text, "number, string or label")
+	}
+	if len(value) > 32 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%d: string or number size > 32 bytes", rvalue.lineno+1)
+	}
+	c.outputOpcode(vm.OpCode(int(vm.PUSH1) - 1 + len(value)))
+	c.outputBytes(value)
 	return nil
 }
 
 // compileLabel pushes a jumpdest to the binary slice.
 func (c *Compiler) compileLabel() {
-	c.pushBin(vm.JUMPDEST)
+	c.outputOpcode(vm.JUMPDEST)
+}
+
+func (c *Compiler) outputOpcode(op vm.OpCode) {
+	if c.debug {
+		fmt.Printf("%d: %v\n", len(c.out), op)
+	}
+	c.out = append(c.out, byte(op))
 }
 
-// pushBin pushes the value v to the binary stack.
-func (c *Compiler) pushBin(v interface{}) {
+// output pushes the value v to the binary stack.
+func (c *Compiler) outputBytes(b []byte) {
 	if c.debug {
-		fmt.Printf("%d: %v\n", len(c.binary), v)
+		fmt.Printf("%d: %x\n", len(c.out), b)
 	}
-	c.binary = append(c.binary, v)
+	c.out = append(c.out, b...)
 }
 
 // isPush returns whether the string op is either any of
@@ -263,13 +280,13 @@ type compileError struct {
 }
 
 func (err compileError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%d syntax error: unexpected %v, expected %v", err.lineno, err.got, err.want)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%d: syntax error: unexpected %v, expected %v", err.lineno, err.got, err.want)
 }
 
 func compileErr(c token, got, want string) error {
 	return compileError{
 		got:    got,
 		want:   want,
-		lineno: c.lineno,
+		lineno: c.lineno + 1,
 	}
 }
diff --git a/core/asm/compiler_test.go b/core/asm/compiler_test.go
index ce9df436bd40..3d64c96bc80b 100644
--- a/core/asm/compiler_test.go
+++ b/core/asm/compiler_test.go
@@ -54,6 +54,14 @@ func TestCompiler(t *testing.T) {
 `,
 			output: "6300000006565b",
 		},
+		{
+			input: `
+	JUMP @label
+label: ;; comment
+	ADD ;; comment
+`,
+			output: "6300000006565b01",
+		},
 	}
 	for _, test := range tests {
 		ch := Lex([]byte(test.input), false)
diff --git a/core/asm/lex_test.go b/core/asm/lex_test.go
index 53e05fbbba0c..173031521f78 100644
--- a/core/asm/lex_test.go
+++ b/core/asm/lex_test.go
@@ -72,6 +72,16 @@ func TestLexer(t *testing.T) {
 			input:  "@label123",
 			tokens: []token{{typ: lineStart}, {typ: label, text: "label123"}, {typ: eof}},
 		},
+		// comment after label
+		{
+			input:  "@label123 ;; comment",
+			tokens: []token{{typ: lineStart}, {typ: label, text: "label123"}, {typ: eof}},
+		},
+		// comment after instruction
+		{
+			input:  "push 3 ;; comment\nadd",
+			tokens: []token{{typ: lineStart}, {typ: element, text: "push"}, {typ: number, text: "3"}, {typ: lineEnd, text: "\n"}, {typ: lineStart, lineno: 1}, {typ: element, lineno: 1, text: "add"}, {typ: eof, lineno: 1}},
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, test := range tests {
diff --git a/core/asm/lexer.go b/core/asm/lexer.go
index d1b79a1fb922..e025c6f363c6 100644
--- a/core/asm/lexer.go
+++ b/core/asm/lexer.go
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ type token struct {
 // is able to parse and return.
 type tokenType int
 
+//go:generate go run golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer -type tokenType
+
 const (
 	eof              tokenType = iota // end of file
 	lineStart                         // emitted when a line starts
@@ -52,31 +54,13 @@ const (
 	labelDef                          // label definition is emitted when a new label is found
 	number                            // number is emitted when a number is found
 	stringValue                       // stringValue is emitted when a string has been found
-
-	Numbers            = "1234567890"                                           // characters representing any decimal number
-	HexadecimalNumbers = Numbers + "aAbBcCdDeEfF"                               // characters representing any hexadecimal
-	Alpha              = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuwvxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUWVXYZ" // characters representing alphanumeric
 )
 
-// String implements stringer
-func (it tokenType) String() string {
-	if int(it) > len(stringtokenTypes) {
-		return "invalid"
-	}
-	return stringtokenTypes[it]
-}
-
-var stringtokenTypes = []string{
-	eof:              "EOF",
-	lineStart:        "new line",
-	lineEnd:          "end of line",
-	invalidStatement: "invalid statement",
-	element:          "element",
-	label:            "label",
-	labelDef:         "label definition",
-	number:           "number",
-	stringValue:      "string",
-}
+const (
+	decimalNumbers = "1234567890"                                           // characters representing any decimal number
+	hexNumbers     = decimalNumbers + "aAbBcCdDeEfF"                        // characters representing any hexadecimal
+	alpha          = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuwvxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUWVXYZ" // characters representing alphanumeric
+)
 
 // lexer is the basic construct for parsing
 // source code and turning them in to tokens.
@@ -200,7 +184,6 @@ func lexLine(l *lexer) stateFn {
 			l.emit(lineEnd)
 			l.ignore()
 			l.lineno++
-
 			l.emit(lineStart)
 		case r == ';' && l.peek() == ';':
 			return lexComment
@@ -225,6 +208,7 @@ func lexLine(l *lexer) stateFn {
 // of the line and discards the text.
 func lexComment(l *lexer) stateFn {
 	l.acceptRunUntil('\n')
+	l.backup()
 	l.ignore()
 
 	return lexLine
@@ -234,7 +218,7 @@ func lexComment(l *lexer) stateFn {
 // the lex text state function to advance the parsing
 // process.
 func lexLabel(l *lexer) stateFn {
-	l.acceptRun(Alpha + "_" + Numbers)
+	l.acceptRun(alpha + "_" + decimalNumbers)
 
 	l.emit(label)
 
@@ -253,9 +237,9 @@ func lexInsideString(l *lexer) stateFn {
 }
 
 func lexNumber(l *lexer) stateFn {
-	acceptance := Numbers
+	acceptance := decimalNumbers
 	if l.accept("xX") {
-		acceptance = HexadecimalNumbers
+		acceptance = hexNumbers
 	}
 	l.acceptRun(acceptance)
 
@@ -265,7 +249,7 @@ func lexNumber(l *lexer) stateFn {
 }
 
 func lexElement(l *lexer) stateFn {
-	l.acceptRun(Alpha + "_" + Numbers)
+	l.acceptRun(alpha + "_" + decimalNumbers)
 
 	if l.peek() == ':' {
 		l.emit(labelDef)
diff --git a/core/asm/tokentype_string.go b/core/asm/tokentype_string.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ade76aa360c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/asm/tokentype_string.go
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Code generated by "stringer -type tokenType"; DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package asm
+
+import "strconv"
+
+func _() {
+	// An "invalid array index" compiler error signifies that the constant values have changed.
+	// Re-run the stringer command to generate them again.
+	var x [1]struct{}
+	_ = x[eof-0]
+	_ = x[lineStart-1]
+	_ = x[lineEnd-2]
+	_ = x[invalidStatement-3]
+	_ = x[element-4]
+	_ = x[label-5]
+	_ = x[labelDef-6]
+	_ = x[number-7]
+	_ = x[stringValue-8]
+}
+
+const _tokenType_name = "eoflineStartlineEndinvalidStatementelementlabellabelDefnumberstringValue"
+
+var _tokenType_index = [...]uint8{0, 3, 12, 19, 35, 42, 47, 55, 61, 72}
+
+func (i tokenType) String() string {
+	if i < 0 || i >= tokenType(len(_tokenType_index)-1) {
+		return "tokenType(" + strconv.FormatInt(int64(i), 10) + ")"
+	}
+	return _tokenType_name[_tokenType_index[i]:_tokenType_index[i+1]]
+}

From ef76afad3596913495f1fbb012a5d61ef871f60e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Delweng <delweng@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 19:43:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 03/33] core/rawdb: fix typo in comment (#28140)

---
 core/rawdb/database.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/core/rawdb/database.go b/core/rawdb/database.go
index 7a7845638253..3839e949ed3f 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/database.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/database.go
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 							break
 						}
 					}
-					// We are about to exit on error. Print database metdata beore exiting
+					// We are about to exit on error. Print database metadata before exiting
 					printChainMetadata(db)
 					return nil, fmt.Errorf("gap in the chain between ancients [0 - #%d] and leveldb [#%d - #%d] ",
 						frozen-1, number, head)

From 4b748b7a27ad8bbf5ccfd81492cefc9c814e732b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: bnovil <lzqcn2000@126.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 20:14:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 04/33] eth: fix typo in comment (#28146)

---
 eth/backend.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go
index 38c0fa974344..b99ae7655b57 100644
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ func (s *Ethereum) shouldPreserve(header *types.Header) bool {
 	// r5   A      [X] F G
 	// r6    [X]
 	//
-	// In the round5, the inturn signer E is offline, so the worst case
+	// In the round5, the in-turn signer E is offline, so the worst case
 	// is A, F and G sign the block of round5 and reject the block of opponents
 	// and in the round6, the last available signer B is offline, the whole
 	// network is stuck.

From 41a0ad9f03ae8e8389fbe40131f4e6930b5beac5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Delweng <delweng@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 20:18:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/33] cmd/devp2p: use bootnodes as crawl input (#28139)

This PR makes the tool use the --bootnodes list as the input to devp2p crawl.
The flag will take effect if the input/output.json file is missing or empty.
---
 cmd/devp2p/crawl.go     | 12 ++++++++++--
 cmd/devp2p/discv4cmd.go | 29 ++++++++++++++++++-----------
 cmd/devp2p/discv5cmd.go | 20 ++++++++++++--------
 3 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/devp2p/crawl.go b/cmd/devp2p/crawl.go
index 8c0defff6d54..4288a5feb897 100644
--- a/cmd/devp2p/crawl.go
+++ b/cmd/devp2p/crawl.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
@@ -51,7 +52,14 @@ type resolver interface {
 	RequestENR(*enode.Node) (*enode.Node, error)
 }
 
-func newCrawler(input nodeSet, disc resolver, iters ...enode.Iterator) *crawler {
+func newCrawler(input nodeSet, bootnodes []*enode.Node, disc resolver, iters ...enode.Iterator) (*crawler, error) {
+	if len(input) == 0 {
+		input.add(bootnodes...)
+	}
+	if len(input) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("no input nodes to start crawling")
+	}
+
 	c := &crawler{
 		input:     input,
 		output:    make(nodeSet, len(input)),
@@ -67,7 +75,7 @@ func newCrawler(input nodeSet, disc resolver, iters ...enode.Iterator) *crawler
 	for id, n := range input {
 		c.output[id] = n
 	}
-	return c
+	return c, nil
 }
 
 func (c *crawler) run(timeout time.Duration, nthreads int) nodeSet {
diff --git a/cmd/devp2p/discv4cmd.go b/cmd/devp2p/discv4cmd.go
index 0117c7eb827f..37b139dea292 100644
--- a/cmd/devp2p/discv4cmd.go
+++ b/cmd/devp2p/discv4cmd.go
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ var discoveryNodeFlags = []cli.Flag{
 
 func discv4Ping(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	n := getNodeArg(ctx)
-	disc := startV4(ctx)
+	disc, _ := startV4(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
 
 	start := time.Now()
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ func discv4Ping(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 func discv4RequestRecord(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	n := getNodeArg(ctx)
-	disc := startV4(ctx)
+	disc, _ := startV4(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
 
 	respN, err := disc.RequestENR(n)
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ func discv4RequestRecord(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 func discv4Resolve(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	n := getNodeArg(ctx)
-	disc := startV4(ctx)
+	disc, _ := startV4(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
 
 	fmt.Println(disc.Resolve(n).String())
@@ -196,10 +196,13 @@ func discv4ResolveJSON(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		nodeargs = append(nodeargs, n)
 	}
 
-	// Run the crawler.
-	disc := startV4(ctx)
+	disc, config := startV4(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
-	c := newCrawler(inputSet, disc, enode.IterNodes(nodeargs))
+
+	c, err := newCrawler(inputSet, config.Bootnodes, disc, enode.IterNodes(nodeargs))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	c.revalidateInterval = 0
 	output := c.run(0, 1)
 	writeNodesJSON(nodesFile, output)
@@ -211,14 +214,18 @@ func discv4Crawl(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		return errors.New("need nodes file as argument")
 	}
 	nodesFile := ctx.Args().First()
-	var inputSet nodeSet
+	inputSet := make(nodeSet)
 	if common.FileExist(nodesFile) {
 		inputSet = loadNodesJSON(nodesFile)
 	}
 
-	disc := startV4(ctx)
+	disc, config := startV4(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
-	c := newCrawler(inputSet, disc, disc.RandomNodes())
+
+	c, err := newCrawler(inputSet, config.Bootnodes, disc, disc.RandomNodes())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	c.revalidateInterval = 10 * time.Minute
 	output := c.run(ctx.Duration(crawlTimeoutFlag.Name), ctx.Int(crawlParallelismFlag.Name))
 	writeNodesJSON(nodesFile, output)
@@ -238,14 +245,14 @@ func discv4Test(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 }
 
 // startV4 starts an ephemeral discovery V4 node.
-func startV4(ctx *cli.Context) *discover.UDPv4 {
+func startV4(ctx *cli.Context) (*discover.UDPv4, discover.Config) {
 	ln, config := makeDiscoveryConfig(ctx)
 	socket := listen(ctx, ln)
 	disc, err := discover.ListenV4(socket, ln, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		exit(err)
 	}
-	return disc
+	return disc, config
 }
 
 func makeDiscoveryConfig(ctx *cli.Context) (*enode.LocalNode, discover.Config) {
diff --git a/cmd/devp2p/discv5cmd.go b/cmd/devp2p/discv5cmd.go
index c5e226f0d1fa..0dac94526971 100644
--- a/cmd/devp2p/discv5cmd.go
+++ b/cmd/devp2p/discv5cmd.go
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ var (
 
 func discv5Ping(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	n := getNodeArg(ctx)
-	disc := startV5(ctx)
+	disc, _ := startV5(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
 
 	fmt.Println(disc.Ping(n))
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ func discv5Ping(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 func discv5Resolve(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	n := getNodeArg(ctx)
-	disc := startV5(ctx)
+	disc, _ := startV5(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
 
 	fmt.Println(disc.Resolve(n))
@@ -102,14 +102,18 @@ func discv5Crawl(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		return errors.New("need nodes file as argument")
 	}
 	nodesFile := ctx.Args().First()
-	var inputSet nodeSet
+	inputSet := make(nodeSet)
 	if common.FileExist(nodesFile) {
 		inputSet = loadNodesJSON(nodesFile)
 	}
 
-	disc := startV5(ctx)
+	disc, config := startV5(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
-	c := newCrawler(inputSet, disc, disc.RandomNodes())
+
+	c, err := newCrawler(inputSet, config.Bootnodes, disc, disc.RandomNodes())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	c.revalidateInterval = 10 * time.Minute
 	output := c.run(ctx.Duration(crawlTimeoutFlag.Name), ctx.Int(crawlParallelismFlag.Name))
 	writeNodesJSON(nodesFile, output)
@@ -127,7 +131,7 @@ func discv5Test(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 }
 
 func discv5Listen(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-	disc := startV5(ctx)
+	disc, _ := startV5(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
 
 	fmt.Println(disc.Self())
@@ -135,12 +139,12 @@ func discv5Listen(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 }
 
 // startV5 starts an ephemeral discovery v5 node.
-func startV5(ctx *cli.Context) *discover.UDPv5 {
+func startV5(ctx *cli.Context) (*discover.UDPv5, discover.Config) {
 	ln, config := makeDiscoveryConfig(ctx)
 	socket := listen(ctx, ln)
 	disc, err := discover.ListenV5(socket, ln, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		exit(err)
 	}
-	return disc
+	return disc, config
 }

From 30d5d7c1b366d290b6a8f7fc56eb015883f57c5c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 14:20:06 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 06/33] go.mod: use existing version of karalabe/usb (#28127)

There is no 0.0.3 release of karalabe/usb.
---
 go.mod | 2 +-
 go.sum | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 8061220aa6ca..a43b1d3f8ba0 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/jackpal/go-nat-pmp v1.0.2
 	github.com/jedisct1/go-minisign v0.0.0-20230811132847-661be99b8267
 	github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.3.0
-	github.com/karalabe/usb v0.0.3-0.20230711191512-61db3e06439c
+	github.com/karalabe/usb v0.0.2
 	github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.16
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 9c6fd74e4a1b..ca5617c2cc16 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -362,8 +362,8 @@ github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.2.0/go.mod h1:SYymIcj16QtmaHHD7aYtjjsJG7V
 github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.3.0 h1:U0609e9tgbseu3rBINet9P48AI/D3oJs4dN7jwJOQ1U=
 github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.3.0/go.mod h1:JR6WtHb+2LUe8TCKY3cZOxFyyO8IZAc4RVcycCCAKdM=
 github.com/k0kubun/colorstring v0.0.0-20150214042306-9440f1994b88/go.mod h1:3w7q1U84EfirKl04SVQ/s7nPm1ZPhiXd34z40TNz36k=
-github.com/karalabe/usb v0.0.3-0.20230711191512-61db3e06439c h1:AqsttAyEyIEsNz5WLRwuRwjiT5CMDUfLk6cFJDVPebs=
-github.com/karalabe/usb v0.0.3-0.20230711191512-61db3e06439c/go.mod h1:Od972xHfMJowv7NGVDiWVxk2zxnWgjLlJzE+F4F7AGU=
+github.com/karalabe/usb v0.0.2 h1:M6QQBNxF+CQ8OFvxrT90BA0qBOXymndZnk5q235mFc4=
+github.com/karalabe/usb v0.0.2/go.mod h1:Od972xHfMJowv7NGVDiWVxk2zxnWgjLlJzE+F4F7AGU=
 github.com/kataras/golog v0.0.9/go.mod h1:12HJgwBIZFNGL0EJnMRhmvGA0PQGx8VFwrZtM4CqbAk=
 github.com/kataras/iris/v12 v12.0.1/go.mod h1:udK4vLQKkdDqMGJJVd/msuMtN6hpYJhg/lSzuxjhO+U=
 github.com/kataras/neffos v0.0.10/go.mod h1:ZYmJC07hQPW67eKuzlfY7SO3bC0mw83A3j6im82hfqw=

From 7ed5bc021addd80c81af4b89c2713983a1775fbf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guillaume Ballet <3272758+gballet@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 14:47:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 07/33] trie: add getter for preimage store in trie.Database
 (#28155)

---
 trie/database.go | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/trie/database.go b/trie/database.go
index 2915ff948454..535ad87d727a 100644
--- a/trie/database.go
+++ b/trie/database.go
@@ -189,6 +189,15 @@ func (db *Database) WritePreimages() {
 	}
 }
 
+// Preimage retrieves a cached trie node pre-image from memory. If it cannot be
+// found cached, the method queries the persistent database for the content.
+func (db *Database) Preimage(hash common.Hash) []byte {
+	if db.preimages == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return db.preimages.preimage(hash)
+}
+
 // Cap iteratively flushes old but still referenced trie nodes until the total
 // memory usage goes below the given threshold. The held pre-images accumulated
 // up to this point will be flushed in case the size exceeds the threshold.

From 5c6f4b9f0d4270fcc56df681bf003e6a74f11a6b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: phenix3443 <phenix3443@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 03:20:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 08/33] cmd/utils: fix typo in comment (#28159)

---
 cmd/utils/flags.go | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/utils/flags.go b/cmd/utils/flags.go
index f5f131951af8..1f0877cc6d3f 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/flags.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/flags.go
@@ -998,7 +998,7 @@ func MakeDataDir(ctx *cli.Context) string {
 
 // setNodeKey creates a node key from set command line flags, either loading it
 // from a file or as a specified hex value. If neither flags were provided, this
-// method returns nil and an emphemeral key is to be generated.
+// method returns nil and an ephemeral key is to be generated.
 func setNodeKey(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *p2p.Config) {
 	var (
 		hex  = ctx.String(NodeKeyHexFlag.Name)
@@ -2121,7 +2121,7 @@ func DialRPCWithHeaders(endpoint string, headers []string) (*rpc.Client, error)
 	}
 	var opts []rpc.ClientOption
 	if len(headers) > 0 {
-		var customHeaders = make(http.Header)
+		customHeaders := make(http.Header)
 		for _, h := range headers {
 			kv := strings.Split(h, ":")
 			if len(kv) != 2 {

From 5b9cbe30f8ca2487c8991e50e9c939d5e6ec3cc2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Delweng <delweng@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2023 18:39:46 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 09/33] cmd/clef: suppress fsnotify error if keydir not exists
 (#28160)

As the keydir will be automatically created after an account is created, no error message if the watcher is failed.
---
 accounts/keystore/watch.go | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/accounts/keystore/watch.go b/accounts/keystore/watch.go
index 3f64b89c585e..a9f87e7c323e 100644
--- a/accounts/keystore/watch.go
+++ b/accounts/keystore/watch.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 package keystore
 
 import (
+	"os"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
@@ -77,7 +78,9 @@ func (w *watcher) loop() {
 	}
 	defer watcher.Close()
 	if err := watcher.Add(w.ac.keydir); err != nil {
-		logger.Warn("Failed to watch keystore folder", "err", err)
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			logger.Warn("Failed to watch keystore folder", "err", err)
+		}
 		return
 	}
 

From 545f4c5547178bc8bde6af08b3ccaf68ca27f2c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Delweng <delweng@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2023 16:05:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 10/33] core/rawdb: no need to run truncateFile for readonly
 mode (#28145)

Avoid truncating files, if ancients are opened in readonly mode. With this change, we return error instead of trying (and failing)  to repair
---
 core/rawdb/freezer_table.go | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/core/rawdb/freezer_table.go b/core/rawdb/freezer_table.go
index fc6316c95395..cb32d61ae8a9 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/freezer_table.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/freezer_table.go
@@ -212,6 +212,9 @@ func (t *freezerTable) repair() error {
 	}
 	// Ensure the index is a multiple of indexEntrySize bytes
 	if overflow := stat.Size() % indexEntrySize; overflow != 0 {
+		if t.readonly {
+			return fmt.Errorf("index file(path: %s, name: %s) size is not a multiple of %d", t.path, t.name, indexEntrySize)
+		}
 		truncateFreezerFile(t.index, stat.Size()-overflow) // New file can't trigger this path
 	}
 	// Retrieve the file sizes and prepare for truncation
@@ -270,6 +273,9 @@ func (t *freezerTable) repair() error {
 	// Keep truncating both files until they come in sync
 	contentExp = int64(lastIndex.offset)
 	for contentExp != contentSize {
+		if t.readonly {
+			return fmt.Errorf("freezer table(path: %s, name: %s, num: %d) is corrupted", t.path, t.name, lastIndex.filenum)
+		}
 		verbose = true
 		// Truncate the head file to the last offset pointer
 		if contentExp < contentSize {

From 4773dcbc81aac9d330df29446283361f5a7062c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 14:31:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 11/33] trie: remove internal nodes between shortNode and child
 in path mode (#28163)

* trie: remove internal nodes between shortNode and child in path mode

* trie: address comments

* core/rawdb, trie: address comments

* core/rawdb: delete unused func

* trie: change comments

* trie: add missing tests

* trie: fix lint
---
 core/rawdb/accessors_trie.go |  20 +++++
 trie/sync.go                 |  95 ++++++++++++++++----
 trie/sync_test.go            | 163 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 3 files changed, 238 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/core/rawdb/accessors_trie.go b/core/rawdb/accessors_trie.go
index f5c2f8899a02..ea437b8114eb 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/accessors_trie.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/accessors_trie.go
@@ -89,6 +89,16 @@ func HasAccountTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, path []byte, hash common.Hash)
 	return h.hash(data) == hash
 }
 
+// ExistsAccountTrieNode checks the presence of the account trie node with the
+// specified node path, regardless of the node hash.
+func ExistsAccountTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, path []byte) bool {
+	has, err := db.Has(accountTrieNodeKey(path))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return has
+}
+
 // WriteAccountTrieNode writes the provided account trie node into database.
 func WriteAccountTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, path []byte, node []byte) {
 	if err := db.Put(accountTrieNodeKey(path), node); err != nil {
@@ -127,6 +137,16 @@ func HasStorageTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, accountHash common.Hash, path [
 	return h.hash(data) == hash
 }
 
+// ExistsStorageTrieNode checks the presence of the storage trie node with the
+// specified account hash and node path, regardless of the node hash.
+func ExistsStorageTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, accountHash common.Hash, path []byte) bool {
+	has, err := db.Has(storageTrieNodeKey(accountHash, path))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return has
+}
+
 // WriteStorageTrieNode writes the provided storage trie node into database.
 func WriteStorageTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, accountHash common.Hash, path []byte, node []byte) {
 	if err := db.Put(storageTrieNodeKey(accountHash, path), node); err != nil {
diff --git a/trie/sync.go b/trie/sync.go
index 4f5584599179..9da07060759a 100644
--- a/trie/sync.go
+++ b/trie/sync.go
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 )
 
 // ErrNotRequested is returned by the trie sync when it's requested to process a
@@ -42,6 +43,16 @@ var ErrAlreadyProcessed = errors.New("already processed")
 // memory if the node was configured with a significant number of peers.
 const maxFetchesPerDepth = 16384
 
+var (
+	// deletionGauge is the metric to track how many trie node deletions
+	// are performed in total during the sync process.
+	deletionGauge = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("trie/sync/delete", nil)
+
+	// lookupGauge is the metric to track how many trie node lookups are
+	// performed to determine if node needs to be deleted.
+	lookupGauge = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("trie/sync/lookup", nil)
+)
+
 // SyncPath is a path tuple identifying a particular trie node either in a single
 // trie (account) or a layered trie (account -> storage).
 //
@@ -93,9 +104,10 @@ type LeafCallback func(keys [][]byte, path []byte, leaf []byte, parent common.Ha
 
 // nodeRequest represents a scheduled or already in-flight trie node retrieval request.
 type nodeRequest struct {
-	hash common.Hash // Hash of the trie node to retrieve
-	path []byte      // Merkle path leading to this node for prioritization
-	data []byte      // Data content of the node, cached until all subtrees complete
+	hash    common.Hash // Hash of the trie node to retrieve
+	path    []byte      // Merkle path leading to this node for prioritization
+	data    []byte      // Data content of the node, cached until all subtrees complete
+	deletes [][]byte    // List of internal path segments for trie nodes to delete
 
 	parent   *nodeRequest // Parent state node referencing this entry
 	deps     int          // Number of dependencies before allowed to commit this node
@@ -125,18 +137,20 @@ type CodeSyncResult struct {
 // syncMemBatch is an in-memory buffer of successfully downloaded but not yet
 // persisted data items.
 type syncMemBatch struct {
-	nodes  map[string][]byte      // In-memory membatch of recently completed nodes
-	hashes map[string]common.Hash // Hashes of recently completed nodes
-	codes  map[common.Hash][]byte // In-memory membatch of recently completed codes
-	size   uint64                 // Estimated batch-size of in-memory data.
+	nodes   map[string][]byte      // In-memory membatch of recently completed nodes
+	hashes  map[string]common.Hash // Hashes of recently completed nodes
+	deletes map[string]struct{}    // List of paths for trie node to delete
+	codes   map[common.Hash][]byte // In-memory membatch of recently completed codes
+	size    uint64                 // Estimated batch-size of in-memory data.
 }
 
 // newSyncMemBatch allocates a new memory-buffer for not-yet persisted trie nodes.
 func newSyncMemBatch() *syncMemBatch {
 	return &syncMemBatch{
-		nodes:  make(map[string][]byte),
-		hashes: make(map[string]common.Hash),
-		codes:  make(map[common.Hash][]byte),
+		nodes:   make(map[string][]byte),
+		hashes:  make(map[string]common.Hash),
+		deletes: make(map[string]struct{}),
+		codes:   make(map[common.Hash][]byte),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -347,16 +361,23 @@ func (s *Sync) ProcessNode(result NodeSyncResult) error {
 // Commit flushes the data stored in the internal membatch out to persistent
 // storage, returning any occurred error.
 func (s *Sync) Commit(dbw ethdb.Batch) error {
-	// Dump the membatch into a database dbw
+	// Flush the pending node writes into database batch.
 	for path, value := range s.membatch.nodes {
 		owner, inner := ResolvePath([]byte(path))
 		rawdb.WriteTrieNode(dbw, owner, inner, s.membatch.hashes[path], value, s.scheme)
 	}
+	// Flush the pending node deletes into the database batch.
+	// Please note that each written and deleted node has a
+	// unique path, ensuring no duplication occurs.
+	for path := range s.membatch.deletes {
+		owner, inner := ResolvePath([]byte(path))
+		rawdb.DeleteTrieNode(dbw, owner, inner, common.Hash{} /* unused */, s.scheme)
+	}
+	// Flush the pending code writes into database batch.
 	for hash, value := range s.membatch.codes {
 		rawdb.WriteCode(dbw, hash, value)
 	}
-	// Drop the membatch data and return
-	s.membatch = newSyncMemBatch()
+	s.membatch = newSyncMemBatch() // reset the batch
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -425,6 +446,39 @@ func (s *Sync) children(req *nodeRequest, object node) ([]*nodeRequest, error) {
 			node: node.Val,
 			path: append(append([]byte(nil), req.path...), key...),
 		}}
+		// Mark all internal nodes between shortNode and its **in disk**
+		// child as invalid. This is essential in the case of path mode
+		// scheme; otherwise, state healing might overwrite existing child
+		// nodes silently while leaving a dangling parent node within the
+		// range of this internal path on disk. This would break the
+		// guarantee for state healing.
+		//
+		// While it's possible for this shortNode to overwrite a previously
+		// existing full node, the other branches of the fullNode can be
+		// retained as they remain untouched and complete.
+		//
+		// This step is only necessary for path mode, as there is no deletion
+		// in hash mode at all.
+		if _, ok := node.Val.(hashNode); ok && s.scheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
+			owner, inner := ResolvePath(req.path)
+			for i := 1; i < len(key); i++ {
+				// While checking for a non-existent item in Pebble can be less efficient
+				// without a bloom filter, the relatively low frequency of lookups makes
+				// the performance impact negligible.
+				var exists bool
+				if owner == (common.Hash{}) {
+					exists = rawdb.ExistsAccountTrieNode(s.database, append(inner, key[:i]...))
+				} else {
+					exists = rawdb.ExistsStorageTrieNode(s.database, owner, append(inner, key[:i]...))
+				}
+				if exists {
+					req.deletes = append(req.deletes, key[:i])
+					deletionGauge.Inc(1)
+					log.Debug("Detected dangling node", "owner", owner, "path", append(inner, key[:i]...))
+				}
+			}
+			lookupGauge.Inc(int64(len(key) - 1))
+		}
 	case *fullNode:
 		for i := 0; i < 17; i++ {
 			if node.Children[i] != nil {
@@ -509,10 +563,19 @@ func (s *Sync) commitNodeRequest(req *nodeRequest) error {
 	// Write the node content to the membatch
 	s.membatch.nodes[string(req.path)] = req.data
 	s.membatch.hashes[string(req.path)] = req.hash
+
 	// The size tracking refers to the db-batch, not the in-memory data.
-	// Therefore, we ignore the req.path, and account only for the hash+data
-	// which eventually is written to db.
-	s.membatch.size += common.HashLength + uint64(len(req.data))
+	if s.scheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
+		s.membatch.size += uint64(len(req.path) + len(req.data))
+	} else {
+		s.membatch.size += common.HashLength + uint64(len(req.data))
+	}
+	// Delete the internal nodes which are marked as invalid
+	for _, segment := range req.deletes {
+		path := append(req.path, segment...)
+		s.membatch.deletes[string(path)] = struct{}{}
+		s.membatch.size += uint64(len(path))
+	}
 	delete(s.nodeReqs, string(req.path))
 	s.fetches[len(req.path)]--
 
diff --git a/trie/sync_test.go b/trie/sync_test.go
index dd3506559df7..3b7986ef6792 100644
--- a/trie/sync_test.go
+++ b/trie/sync_test.go
@@ -70,31 +70,53 @@ func makeTestTrie(scheme string) (ethdb.Database, *Database, *StateTrie, map[str
 
 // checkTrieContents cross references a reconstructed trie with an expected data
 // content map.
-func checkTrieContents(t *testing.T, db ethdb.Database, scheme string, root []byte, content map[string][]byte) {
+func checkTrieContents(t *testing.T, db ethdb.Database, scheme string, root []byte, content map[string][]byte, rawTrie bool) {
 	// Check root availability and trie contents
 	ndb := newTestDatabase(db, scheme)
-	trie, err := NewStateTrie(TrieID(common.BytesToHash(root)), ndb)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to create trie at %x: %v", root, err)
-	}
-	if err := checkTrieConsistency(db, scheme, common.BytesToHash(root)); err != nil {
+	if err := checkTrieConsistency(db, scheme, common.BytesToHash(root), rawTrie); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("inconsistent trie at %x: %v", root, err)
 	}
+	type reader interface {
+		MustGet(key []byte) []byte
+	}
+	var r reader
+	if rawTrie {
+		trie, err := New(TrieID(common.BytesToHash(root)), ndb)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to create trie at %x: %v", root, err)
+		}
+		r = trie
+	} else {
+		trie, err := NewStateTrie(TrieID(common.BytesToHash(root)), ndb)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to create trie at %x: %v", root, err)
+		}
+		r = trie
+	}
 	for key, val := range content {
-		if have := trie.MustGet([]byte(key)); !bytes.Equal(have, val) {
+		if have := r.MustGet([]byte(key)); !bytes.Equal(have, val) {
 			t.Errorf("entry %x: content mismatch: have %x, want %x", key, have, val)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 // checkTrieConsistency checks that all nodes in a trie are indeed present.
-func checkTrieConsistency(db ethdb.Database, scheme string, root common.Hash) error {
+func checkTrieConsistency(db ethdb.Database, scheme string, root common.Hash, rawTrie bool) error {
 	ndb := newTestDatabase(db, scheme)
-	trie, err := NewStateTrie(TrieID(root), ndb)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil // Consider a non existent state consistent
+	var it NodeIterator
+	if rawTrie {
+		trie, err := New(TrieID(root), ndb)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil // Consider a non existent state consistent
+		}
+		it = trie.MustNodeIterator(nil)
+	} else {
+		trie, err := NewStateTrie(TrieID(root), ndb)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil // Consider a non existent state consistent
+		}
+		it = trie.MustNodeIterator(nil)
 	}
-	it := trie.MustNodeIterator(nil)
 	for it.Next(true) {
 	}
 	return it.Error()
@@ -205,7 +227,7 @@ func testIterativeSync(t *testing.T, count int, bypath bool, scheme string) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Cross check that the two tries are in sync
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData, false)
 }
 
 // Tests that the trie scheduler can correctly reconstruct the state even if only
@@ -271,7 +293,7 @@ func testIterativeDelayedSync(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Cross check that the two tries are in sync
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData, false)
 }
 
 // Tests that given a root hash, a trie can sync iteratively on a single thread,
@@ -341,7 +363,7 @@ func testIterativeRandomSync(t *testing.T, count int, scheme string) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Cross check that the two tries are in sync
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData, false)
 }
 
 // Tests that the trie scheduler can correctly reconstruct the state even if only
@@ -413,7 +435,7 @@ func testIterativeRandomDelayedSync(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Cross check that the two tries are in sync
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData, false)
 }
 
 // Tests that a trie sync will not request nodes multiple times, even if they
@@ -484,7 +506,7 @@ func testDuplicateAvoidanceSync(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Cross check that the two tries are in sync
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData, false)
 }
 
 // Tests that at any point in time during a sync, only complete sub-tries are in
@@ -569,7 +591,7 @@ func testIncompleteSync(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		nodeHash := addedHashes[i]
 		value := rawdb.ReadTrieNode(diskdb, owner, inner, nodeHash, scheme)
 		rawdb.DeleteTrieNode(diskdb, owner, inner, nodeHash, scheme)
-		if err := checkTrieConsistency(diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), root); err == nil {
+		if err := checkTrieConsistency(diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), root, false); err == nil {
 			t.Fatalf("trie inconsistency not caught, missing: %x", path)
 		}
 		rawdb.WriteTrieNode(diskdb, owner, inner, nodeHash, value, scheme)
@@ -643,7 +665,7 @@ func testSyncOrdering(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Cross check that the two tries are in sync
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData, false)
 
 	// Check that the trie nodes have been requested path-ordered
 	for i := 0; i < len(reqs)-1; i++ {
@@ -664,7 +686,7 @@ func syncWith(t *testing.T, root common.Hash, db ethdb.Database, srcDb *Database
 
 	// The code requests are ignored here since there is no code
 	// at the testing trie.
-	paths, nodes, _ := sched.Missing(1)
+	paths, nodes, _ := sched.Missing(0)
 	var elements []trieElement
 	for i := 0; i < len(paths); i++ {
 		elements = append(elements, trieElement{
@@ -698,7 +720,7 @@ func syncWith(t *testing.T, root common.Hash, db ethdb.Database, srcDb *Database
 		}
 		batch.Write()
 
-		paths, nodes, _ = sched.Missing(1)
+		paths, nodes, _ = sched.Missing(0)
 		elements = elements[:0]
 		for i := 0; i < len(paths); i++ {
 			elements = append(elements, trieElement{
@@ -724,7 +746,7 @@ func testSyncMovingTarget(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	// Create a destination trie and sync with the scheduler
 	diskdb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	syncWith(t, srcTrie.Hash(), diskdb, srcDb)
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData, false)
 
 	// Push more modifications into the src trie, to see if dest trie can still
 	// sync with it(overwrite stale states)
@@ -748,7 +770,7 @@ func testSyncMovingTarget(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	srcTrie, _ = NewStateTrie(TrieID(root), srcDb)
 
 	syncWith(t, srcTrie.Hash(), diskdb, srcDb)
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), diff)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), diff, false)
 
 	// Revert added modifications from the src trie, to see if dest trie can still
 	// sync with it(overwrite reverted states)
@@ -772,5 +794,98 @@ func testSyncMovingTarget(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	srcTrie, _ = NewStateTrie(TrieID(root), srcDb)
 
 	syncWith(t, srcTrie.Hash(), diskdb, srcDb)
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), reverted)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), reverted, false)
+}
+
+// Tests if state syncer can correctly catch up the pivot move.
+func TestPivotMove(t *testing.T) {
+	testPivotMove(t, rawdb.HashScheme, true)
+	testPivotMove(t, rawdb.HashScheme, false)
+	testPivotMove(t, rawdb.PathScheme, true)
+	testPivotMove(t, rawdb.PathScheme, false)
+}
+
+func testPivotMove(t *testing.T, scheme string, tiny bool) {
+	var (
+		srcDisk    = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+		srcTrieDB  = newTestDatabase(srcDisk, scheme)
+		srcTrie, _ = New(TrieID(types.EmptyRootHash), srcTrieDB)
+
+		deleteFn = func(key []byte, tr *Trie, states map[string][]byte) {
+			tr.Delete(key)
+			delete(states, string(key))
+		}
+		writeFn = func(key []byte, val []byte, tr *Trie, states map[string][]byte) {
+			if val == nil {
+				if tiny {
+					val = randBytes(4)
+				} else {
+					val = randBytes(32)
+				}
+			}
+			tr.Update(key, val)
+			states[string(key)] = common.CopyBytes(val)
+		}
+		copyStates = func(states map[string][]byte) map[string][]byte {
+			cpy := make(map[string][]byte)
+			for k, v := range states {
+				cpy[k] = v
+			}
+			return cpy
+		}
+	)
+	stateA := make(map[string][]byte)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x01, 0x23}, nil, srcTrie, stateA)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x01, 0x24}, nil, srcTrie, stateA)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x12, 0x33}, nil, srcTrie, stateA)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x12, 0x34}, nil, srcTrie, stateA)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x02, 0x34}, nil, srcTrie, stateA)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x13, 0x44}, nil, srcTrie, stateA)
+
+	rootA, nodesA, _ := srcTrie.Commit(false)
+	if err := srcTrieDB.Update(rootA, types.EmptyRootHash, 0, trienode.NewWithNodeSet(nodesA), nil); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := srcTrieDB.Commit(rootA, false); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	// Create a destination trie and sync with the scheduler
+	destDisk := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	syncWith(t, rootA, destDisk, srcTrieDB)
+	checkTrieContents(t, destDisk, scheme, srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), stateA, true)
+
+	// Delete element to collapse trie
+	stateB := copyStates(stateA)
+	srcTrie, _ = New(TrieID(rootA), srcTrieDB)
+	deleteFn([]byte{0x02, 0x34}, srcTrie, stateB)
+	deleteFn([]byte{0x13, 0x44}, srcTrie, stateB)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x01, 0x24}, nil, srcTrie, stateB)
+
+	rootB, nodesB, _ := srcTrie.Commit(false)
+	if err := srcTrieDB.Update(rootB, rootA, 0, trienode.NewWithNodeSet(nodesB), nil); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := srcTrieDB.Commit(rootB, false); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	syncWith(t, rootB, destDisk, srcTrieDB)
+	checkTrieContents(t, destDisk, scheme, srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), stateB, true)
+
+	// Add elements to expand trie
+	stateC := copyStates(stateB)
+	srcTrie, _ = New(TrieID(rootB), srcTrieDB)
+
+	writeFn([]byte{0x01, 0x24}, stateA[string([]byte{0x01, 0x24})], srcTrie, stateC)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x02, 0x34}, nil, srcTrie, stateC)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x13, 0x44}, nil, srcTrie, stateC)
+
+	rootC, nodesC, _ := srcTrie.Commit(false)
+	if err := srcTrieDB.Update(rootC, rootB, 0, trienode.NewWithNodeSet(nodesC), nil); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := srcTrieDB.Commit(rootC, false); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	syncWith(t, rootC, destDisk, srcTrieDB)
+	checkTrieContents(t, destDisk, scheme, srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), stateC, true)
 }

From 03c2176a1d9802d705874c818ec2c83949b6c56f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 14:33:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/33] trie/triedb/pathdb: improve error log (#28177)

---
 trie/triedb/pathdb/difflayer.go  | 2 +-
 trie/triedb/pathdb/disklayer.go  | 2 +-
 trie/triedb/pathdb/errors.go     | 9 +++++++--
 trie/triedb/pathdb/nodebuffer.go | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/trie/triedb/pathdb/difflayer.go b/trie/triedb/pathdb/difflayer.go
index d25ac1c601d7..10567715d2e7 100644
--- a/trie/triedb/pathdb/difflayer.go
+++ b/trie/triedb/pathdb/difflayer.go
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func (dl *diffLayer) node(owner common.Hash, path []byte, hash common.Hash, dept
 			if n.Hash != hash {
 				dirtyFalseMeter.Mark(1)
 				log.Error("Unexpected trie node in diff layer", "owner", owner, "path", path, "expect", hash, "got", n.Hash)
-				return nil, newUnexpectedNodeError("diff", hash, n.Hash, owner, path)
+				return nil, newUnexpectedNodeError("diff", hash, n.Hash, owner, path, n.Blob)
 			}
 			dirtyHitMeter.Mark(1)
 			dirtyNodeHitDepthHist.Update(int64(depth))
diff --git a/trie/triedb/pathdb/disklayer.go b/trie/triedb/pathdb/disklayer.go
index 87718290f9a7..d3b6419cc594 100644
--- a/trie/triedb/pathdb/disklayer.go
+++ b/trie/triedb/pathdb/disklayer.go
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) Node(owner common.Hash, path []byte, hash common.Hash) ([]b
 	if nHash != hash {
 		diskFalseMeter.Mark(1)
 		log.Error("Unexpected trie node in disk", "owner", owner, "path", path, "expect", hash, "got", nHash)
-		return nil, newUnexpectedNodeError("disk", hash, nHash, owner, path)
+		return nil, newUnexpectedNodeError("disk", hash, nHash, owner, path, nBlob)
 	}
 	if dl.cleans != nil && len(nBlob) > 0 {
 		dl.cleans.Set(key, nBlob)
diff --git a/trie/triedb/pathdb/errors.go b/trie/triedb/pathdb/errors.go
index f503a9c49d2e..f6ac0ec4a024 100644
--- a/trie/triedb/pathdb/errors.go
+++ b/trie/triedb/pathdb/errors.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -46,6 +47,10 @@ var (
 	errUnexpectedNode = errors.New("unexpected node")
 )
 
-func newUnexpectedNodeError(loc string, expHash common.Hash, gotHash common.Hash, owner common.Hash, path []byte) error {
-	return fmt.Errorf("%w, loc: %s, node: (%x %v), %x!=%x", errUnexpectedNode, loc, owner, path, expHash, gotHash)
+func newUnexpectedNodeError(loc string, expHash common.Hash, gotHash common.Hash, owner common.Hash, path []byte, blob []byte) error {
+	blobHex := "nil"
+	if len(blob) > 0 {
+		blobHex = hexutil.Encode(blob)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("%w, loc: %s, node: (%x %v), %x!=%x, blob: %s", errUnexpectedNode, loc, owner, path, expHash, gotHash, blobHex)
 }
diff --git a/trie/triedb/pathdb/nodebuffer.go b/trie/triedb/pathdb/nodebuffer.go
index 67de225b0495..4a7d328b9afb 100644
--- a/trie/triedb/pathdb/nodebuffer.go
+++ b/trie/triedb/pathdb/nodebuffer.go
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func (b *nodebuffer) node(owner common.Hash, path []byte, hash common.Hash) (*tr
 	if n.Hash != hash {
 		dirtyFalseMeter.Mark(1)
 		log.Error("Unexpected trie node in node buffer", "owner", owner, "path", path, "expect", hash, "got", n.Hash)
-		return nil, newUnexpectedNodeError("dirty", hash, n.Hash, owner, path)
+		return nil, newUnexpectedNodeError("dirty", hash, n.Hash, owner, path, n.Blob)
 	}
 	return n, nil
 }

From 83f3fc2e809207505ecf55b595c862b370289f36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 10:27:58 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 13/33] core/state/snapshot: be very noisy if the generator
 hits a trie error (#28178)

---
 core/state/snapshot/generate.go | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/core/state/snapshot/generate.go b/core/state/snapshot/generate.go
index 40264b092cbb..f54debebed83 100644
--- a/core/state/snapshot/generate.go
+++ b/core/state/snapshot/generate.go
@@ -446,6 +446,10 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) generateRange(ctx *generatorContext, trieId *trie.ID, prefi
 		internal += time.Since(istart)
 	}
 	if iter.Err != nil {
+		// Trie errors should never happen. Still, in case of a bug, expose the
+		// error here, as the outer code will presume errors are interrupts, not
+		// some deeper issues.
+		log.Error("State snapshotter failed to iterate trie", "err", err)
 		return false, nil, iter.Err
 	}
 	// Delete all stale snapshot states remaining

From d135bafdcb1d023c3ef74d11f3b8d4ebd06f253c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 11:07:20 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 14/33] cmd/geth: print progress logs when iterating large
 contracts too (#28179)

---
 cmd/geth/snapshot.go | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/cmd/geth/snapshot.go b/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
index 5e1c7847305f..b1db0c9d5ab2 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
@@ -332,6 +332,11 @@ func traverseState(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			storageIter := trie.NewIterator(storageIt)
 			for storageIter.Next() {
 				slots += 1
+
+				if time.Since(lastReport) > time.Second*8 {
+					log.Info("Traversing state", "accounts", accounts, "slots", slots, "codes", codes, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+					lastReport = time.Now()
+				}
 			}
 			if storageIter.Err != nil {
 				log.Error("Failed to traverse storage trie", "root", acc.Root, "err", storageIter.Err)
@@ -486,6 +491,10 @@ func traverseRawState(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 					if storageIter.Leaf() {
 						slots += 1
 					}
+					if time.Since(lastReport) > time.Second*8 {
+						log.Info("Traversing state", "nodes", nodes, "accounts", accounts, "slots", slots, "codes", codes, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+						lastReport = time.Now()
+					}
 				}
 				if storageIter.Error() != nil {
 					log.Error("Failed to traverse storage trie", "root", acc.Root, "err", storageIter.Error())

From f1b2ec0833df47e3d3a781d7097ff99e5ffb5378 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Delweng <delweng@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 18:10:50 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 15/33] core/rawdb: use readonly file lock in readonly mode
 (#28180)

This allows using the freezer from multiple processes at once
in read-only mode.

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
---
 core/rawdb/freezer.go      |  6 ++++-
 core/rawdb/freezer_test.go | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/core/rawdb/freezer.go b/core/rawdb/freezer.go
index a9fe2343215a..b7824ddc0d2c 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/freezer.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/freezer.go
@@ -108,7 +108,11 @@ func NewFreezer(datadir string, namespace string, readonly bool, maxTableSize ui
 	// Leveldb uses LOCK as the filelock filename. To prevent the
 	// name collision, we use FLOCK as the lock name.
 	lock := flock.New(flockFile)
-	if locked, err := lock.TryLock(); err != nil {
+	tryLock := lock.TryLock
+	if readonly {
+		tryLock = lock.TryRLock
+	}
+	if locked, err := tryLock(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else if !locked {
 		return nil, errors.New("locking failed")
diff --git a/core/rawdb/freezer_test.go b/core/rawdb/freezer_test.go
index 96d24cc9473b..b4bd6a382a86 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/freezer_test.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/freezer_test.go
@@ -283,6 +283,57 @@ func TestFreezerReadonlyValidate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestFreezerConcurrentReadonly(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tables := map[string]bool{"a": true}
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	f, err := NewFreezer(dir, "", false, 2049, tables)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("can't open freezer", err)
+	}
+	var item = make([]byte, 1024)
+	batch := f.tables["a"].newBatch()
+	items := uint64(10)
+	for i := uint64(0); i < items; i++ {
+		require.NoError(t, batch.AppendRaw(i, item))
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, batch.commit())
+	if loaded := f.tables["a"].items.Load(); loaded != items {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of items in table, want: %d, have: %d", items, loaded)
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, f.Close())
+
+	var (
+		wg   sync.WaitGroup
+		fs   = make([]*Freezer, 5)
+		errs = make([]error, 5)
+	)
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(i int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+
+			f, err := NewFreezer(dir, "", true, 2049, tables)
+			if err == nil {
+				fs[i] = f
+			} else {
+				errs[i] = err
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	for i := range fs {
+		if err := errs[i]; err != nil {
+			t.Fatal("failed to open freezer", err)
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, fs[i].Close())
+	}
+}
+
 func newFreezerForTesting(t *testing.T, tables map[string]bool) (*Freezer, string) {
 	t.Helper()
 

From 82ec555d709e5a3a2e0d22430f2ac70ebe814e88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 14:56:48 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 16/33] cmd: add state.scheme to the database flag group for
 local flag handling (#28107)

---
 cmd/geth/chaincmd.go | 16 ++++++----------
 cmd/geth/dbcmd.go    | 27 +++++++++++++--------------
 cmd/geth/main.go     |  3 +--
 cmd/geth/snapshot.go | 21 +++++++--------------
 cmd/geth/verkle.go   |  4 ++--
 cmd/utils/flags.go   |  7 ++++---
 6 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go b/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
index fad2c71e6889..204565af57e3 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ var (
 		ArgsUsage: "<genesisPath>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.CachePreimagesFlag,
-			utils.StateSchemeFlag,
-		}, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `
 The init command initializes a new genesis block and definition for the network.
 This is a destructive action and changes the network in which you will be
@@ -97,9 +96,8 @@ if one is set.  Otherwise it prints the genesis from the datadir.`,
 			utils.MetricsInfluxDBOrganizationFlag,
 			utils.TxLookupLimitFlag,
 			utils.TransactionHistoryFlag,
-			utils.StateSchemeFlag,
 			utils.StateHistoryFlag,
-		}, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `
 The import command imports blocks from an RLP-encoded form. The form can be one file
 with several RLP-encoded blocks, or several files can be used.
@@ -115,8 +113,7 @@ processing will proceed even if an individual RLP-file import failure occurs.`,
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-			utils.StateSchemeFlag,
-		}, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `
 Requires a first argument of the file to write to.
 Optional second and third arguments control the first and
@@ -132,7 +129,7 @@ be gzipped.`,
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `
 The import-preimages command imports hash preimages from an RLP encoded stream.
 It's deprecated, please use "geth db import" instead.
@@ -146,7 +143,7 @@ It's deprecated, please use "geth db import" instead.
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `
 The export-preimages command exports hash preimages to an RLP encoded stream.
 It's deprecated, please use "geth db export" instead.
@@ -165,8 +162,7 @@ It's deprecated, please use "geth db export" instead.
 			utils.IncludeIncompletesFlag,
 			utils.StartKeyFlag,
 			utils.DumpLimitFlag,
-			utils.StateSchemeFlag,
-		}, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `
 This command dumps out the state for a given block (or latest, if none provided).
 `,
diff --git a/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go b/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
index a1868eb8c330..5ba9acc1cf2e 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ var (
 		Name:      "removedb",
 		Usage:     "Remove blockchain and state databases",
 		ArgsUsage: "",
-		Flags:     utils.DatabasePathFlags,
+		Flags:     utils.DatabaseFlags,
 		Description: `
 Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 	}
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<prefix> <start>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Usage:       "Inspect the storage size for each type of data in the database",
 		Description: `This commands iterates the entire database. If the optional 'prefix' and 'start' arguments are provided, then the iteration is limited to the given subset of data.`,
 	}
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 		Action:    checkStateContent,
 		Name:      "check-state-content",
 		ArgsUsage: "<start (optional)>",
-		Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Usage:     "Verify that state data is cryptographically correct",
 		Description: `This command iterates the entire database for 32-byte keys, looking for rlp-encoded trie nodes.
 For each trie node encountered, it checks that the key corresponds to the keccak256(value). If this is not true, this indicates
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ a data corruption.`,
 		Usage:  "Print leveldb statistics",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 	}
 	dbCompactCmd = &cli.Command{
 		Action: dbCompact,
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ a data corruption.`,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.CacheDatabaseFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `This command performs a database compaction. 
 WARNING: This operation may take a very long time to finish, and may cause database
 corruption if it is aborted during execution'!`,
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ corruption if it is aborted during execution'!`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<hex-encoded key>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "This command looks up the specified database key from the database.",
 	}
 	dbDeleteCmd = &cli.Command{
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ corruption if it is aborted during execution'!`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<hex-encoded key>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `This command deletes the specified database key from the database. 
 WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 	}
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<hex-encoded key> <hex-encoded value>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `This command sets a given database key to the given value. 
 WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 	}
@@ -151,8 +151,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<hex-encoded state root> <hex-encoded account hash> <hex-encoded storage trie root> <hex-encoded start (optional)> <int max elements (optional)>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-			utils.StateSchemeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "This command looks up the specified database key from the database.",
 	}
 	dbDumpFreezerIndex = &cli.Command{
@@ -162,7 +161,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<freezer-type> <table-type> <start (int)> <end (int)>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "This command displays information about the freezer index.",
 	}
 	dbImportCmd = &cli.Command{
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<dumpfile> <start (optional)",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "The import command imports the specific chain data from an RLP encoded stream.",
 	}
 	dbExportCmd = &cli.Command{
@@ -182,7 +181,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<type> <dumpfile>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "Exports the specified chain data to an RLP encoded stream, optionally gzip-compressed.",
 	}
 	dbMetadataCmd = &cli.Command{
@@ -191,7 +190,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		Usage:  "Shows metadata about the chain status.",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "Shows metadata about the chain status.",
 	}
 )
diff --git a/cmd/geth/main.go b/cmd/geth/main.go
index f6fa47ad2e8e..4b26de05a903 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/main.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/main.go
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ var (
 		utils.SnapshotFlag,
 		utils.TxLookupLimitFlag,
 		utils.TransactionHistoryFlag,
-		utils.StateSchemeFlag,
 		utils.StateHistoryFlag,
 		utils.LightServeFlag,
 		utils.LightIngressFlag,
@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ var (
 		utils.GpoMaxGasPriceFlag,
 		utils.GpoIgnoreGasPriceFlag,
 		configFileFlag,
-	}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags)
+	}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags)
 
 	rpcFlags = []cli.Flag{
 		utils.HTTPEnabledFlag,
diff --git a/cmd/geth/snapshot.go b/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
index b1db0c9d5ab2..4c8dfa84b61a 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ var (
 				Action:    pruneState,
 				Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 					utils.BloomFilterSizeFlag,
-				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot prune-state <state-root>
 will prune historical state data with the help of the state snapshot.
@@ -69,9 +69,7 @@ WARNING: it's only supported in hash mode(--state.scheme=hash)".
 				Usage:     "Recalculate state hash based on the snapshot for verification",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    verifyState,
-				Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
-					utils.StateSchemeFlag,
-				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot verify-state <state-root>
 will traverse the whole accounts and storages set based on the specified
@@ -84,7 +82,7 @@ In other words, this command does the snapshot to trie conversion.
 				Usage:     "Check that there is no 'dangling' snap storage",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    checkDanglingStorage,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot check-dangling-storage <state-root> traverses the snap storage 
 data, and verifies that all snapshot storage data has a corresponding account. 
@@ -95,7 +93,7 @@ data, and verifies that all snapshot storage data has a corresponding account.
 				Usage:     "Check all snapshot layers for the a specific account",
 				ArgsUsage: "<address | hash>",
 				Action:    checkAccount,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot inspect-account <address | hash> checks all snapshot layers and prints out
 information about the specified address. 
@@ -106,9 +104,7 @@ information about the specified address.
 				Usage:     "Traverse the state with given root hash and perform quick verification",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    traverseState,
-				Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
-					utils.StateSchemeFlag,
-				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot traverse-state <state-root>
 will traverse the whole state from the given state root and will abort if any
@@ -123,9 +119,7 @@ It's also usable without snapshot enabled.
 				Usage:     "Traverse the state with given root hash and perform detailed verification",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    traverseRawState,
-				Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
-					utils.StateSchemeFlag,
-				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot traverse-rawstate <state-root>
 will traverse the whole state from the given root and will abort if any referenced
@@ -146,8 +140,7 @@ It's also usable without snapshot enabled.
 					utils.ExcludeStorageFlag,
 					utils.StartKeyFlag,
 					utils.DumpLimitFlag,
-					utils.StateSchemeFlag,
-				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 This command is semantically equivalent to 'geth dump', but uses the snapshots
 as the backend data source, making this command a lot faster. 
diff --git a/cmd/geth/verkle.go b/cmd/geth/verkle.go
index 9ba2b4167164..88f60276eafe 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/verkle.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/verkle.go
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ var (
 				Usage:     "verify the conversion of a MPT into a verkle tree",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    verifyVerkle,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth verkle verify <state-root>
 This command takes a root commitment and attempts to rebuild the tree.
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ This command takes a root commitment and attempts to rebuild the tree.
 				Usage:     "Dump a verkle tree to a DOT file",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root> <key1> [<key 2> ...]",
 				Action:    expandVerkle,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth verkle dump <state-root> <key 1> [<key 2> ...]
 This command will produce a dot file representing the tree, rooted at <root>.
diff --git a/cmd/utils/flags.go b/cmd/utils/flags.go
index 1f0877cc6d3f..653ae4d9eba4 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/flags.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/flags.go
@@ -961,18 +961,19 @@ var (
 	// NetworkFlags is the flag group of all built-in supported networks.
 	NetworkFlags = append([]cli.Flag{MainnetFlag}, TestnetFlags...)
 
-	// DatabasePathFlags is the flag group of all database path flags.
-	DatabasePathFlags = []cli.Flag{
+	// DatabaseFlags is the flag group of all database flags.
+	DatabaseFlags = []cli.Flag{
 		DataDirFlag,
 		AncientFlag,
 		RemoteDBFlag,
+		StateSchemeFlag,
 		HttpHeaderFlag,
 	}
 )
 
 func init() {
 	if rawdb.PebbleEnabled {
-		DatabasePathFlags = append(DatabasePathFlags, DBEngineFlag)
+		DatabaseFlags = append(DatabaseFlags, DBEngineFlag)
 	}
 }
 

From 323542af505191c35d999a28e6b6c76ac6abfdcf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 16:10:23 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 17/33] core, params: update Holesky testnet to relaunched spec
 (#28191)

---
 core/genesis.go  | 3 +--
 params/config.go | 3 +--
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/core/genesis.go b/core/genesis.go
index 86a3e42a62f4..baace3f99163 100644
--- a/core/genesis.go
+++ b/core/genesis.go
@@ -587,10 +587,9 @@ func DefaultHoleskyGenesisBlock() *Genesis {
 	return &Genesis{
 		Config:     params.HoleskyChainConfig,
 		Nonce:      0x1234,
-		ExtraData:  hexutil.MustDecode("0x686f77206d7563682069732074686520666973683f"),
 		GasLimit:   0x17d7840,
 		Difficulty: big.NewInt(0x01),
-		Timestamp:  1694786100,
+		Timestamp:  1695902100,
 		Alloc:      decodePrealloc(holeskyAllocData),
 	}
 }
diff --git a/params/config.go b/params/config.go
index f503862422f5..bfcd5fe072de 100644
--- a/params/config.go
+++ b/params/config.go
@@ -80,8 +80,7 @@ var (
 		TerminalTotalDifficulty:       big.NewInt(0),
 		TerminalTotalDifficultyPassed: true,
 		MergeNetsplitBlock:            nil,
-		ShanghaiTime:                  newUint64(1694790240),
-		CancunTime:                    newUint64(2000000000),
+		ShanghaiTime:                  newUint64(1696000704),
 		Ethash:                        new(EthashConfig),
 	}
 	// SepoliaChainConfig contains the chain parameters to run a node on the Sepolia test network.

From d051ea5e89a8f803b421bc32f0c7043f9d5d9aa5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 16:13:56 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 18/33] params: update hash for Holesky relaunch (#28192)

---
 params/config.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/params/config.go b/params/config.go
index bfcd5fe072de..ac55d3771add 100644
--- a/params/config.go
+++ b/params/config.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 // Genesis hashes to enforce below configs on.
 var (
 	MainnetGenesisHash = common.HexToHash("0xd4e56740f876aef8c010b86a40d5f56745a118d0906a34e69aec8c0db1cb8fa3")
-	HoleskyGenesisHash = common.HexToHash("0xff9006519a8ce843ac9c28549d24211420b546e12ce2d170c77a8cca7964f23d")
+	HoleskyGenesisHash = common.HexToHash("0xb5f7f912443c940f21fd611f12828d75b534364ed9e95ca4e307729a4661bde4")
 	SepoliaGenesisHash = common.HexToHash("0x25a5cc106eea7138acab33231d7160d69cb777ee0c2c553fcddf5138993e6dd9")
 	GoerliGenesisHash  = common.HexToHash("0xbf7e331f7f7c1dd2e05159666b3bf8bc7a8a3a9eb1d518969eab529dd9b88c1a")
 )

From c2cfe35f121cb88650b4d90c958bcc4214d0ce7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tokikuch <msmania@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 06:35:24 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 19/33] core/bloombits: fix deadlock when matcher session hits
 an error (#28184)

When MatcherSession encounters an error, it attempts to close the session.
Closing waits for all goroutines to finish, including the 'distributor'. However, the
distributor will not exit until all requests have returned.

This patch fixes the issue by delivering the (empty) result to the distributor
before calling Close().
---
 core/bloombits/matcher.go | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/core/bloombits/matcher.go b/core/bloombits/matcher.go
index d8f932041bc0..cf799c8324c1 100644
--- a/core/bloombits/matcher.go
+++ b/core/bloombits/matcher.go
@@ -630,13 +630,16 @@ func (s *MatcherSession) Multiplex(batch int, wait time.Duration, mux chan chan
 			request <- &Retrieval{Bit: bit, Sections: sections, Context: s.ctx}
 
 			result := <-request
+
+			// Deliver a result before s.Close() to avoid a deadlock
+			s.deliverSections(result.Bit, result.Sections, result.Bitsets)
+
 			if result.Error != nil {
 				s.errLock.Lock()
 				s.err = result.Error
 				s.errLock.Unlock()
 				s.Close()
 			}
-			s.deliverSections(result.Bit, result.Sections, result.Bitsets)
 		}
 	}
 }

From 1fa3362ea7166f04896138201f21a038b2d18ad1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 16:02:19 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 20/33] core/forkid: add forkid test for holesky (#28193)

---
 core/forkid/forkid_test.go | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

diff --git a/core/forkid/forkid_test.go b/core/forkid/forkid_test.go
index 3d49b2eced8d..db634bc14b90 100644
--- a/core/forkid/forkid_test.go
+++ b/core/forkid/forkid_test.go
@@ -107,6 +107,16 @@ func TestCreation(t *testing.T) {
 				{1735372, 1677557088, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xf7f9bc08), Next: 0}},          // First Shanghai block
 			},
 		},
+		// Holesky test cases
+		{
+			params.HoleskyChainConfig,
+			core.DefaultHoleskyGenesisBlock().ToBlock(),
+			[]testcase{
+				{0, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xc61a6098), Next: 1696000704}},   // Unsynced, last Frontier, Homestead, Tangerine, Spurious, Byzantium, Constantinople, Petersburg, Istanbul, Berlin, London, Paris block
+				{123, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xc61a6098), Next: 1696000704}}, // First MergeNetsplit block
+				{123, 1696000704, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xfd4f016b), Next: 0}}, // Last MergeNetsplit block
+			},
+		},
 	}
 	for i, tt := range tests {
 		for j, ttt := range tt.cases {

From c3742a9ae0822e220868a04c62ecb93305e9ed57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 16:02:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 21/33] internal/debug: add --log.rotate to the logging
 category (#28190)

---
 internal/debug/flags.go | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/internal/debug/flags.go b/internal/debug/flags.go
index 52a6342452a1..736fede94334 100644
--- a/internal/debug/flags.go
+++ b/internal/debug/flags.go
@@ -87,8 +87,9 @@ var (
 		Category: flags.LoggingCategory,
 	}
 	logRotateFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "log.rotate",
-		Usage: "Enables log file rotation",
+		Name:     "log.rotate",
+		Usage:    "Enables log file rotation",
+		Category: flags.LoggingCategory,
 	}
 	logMaxSizeMBsFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
 		Name:     "log.maxsize",

From 3d297fc2d7b309af2e6edc1aee7638389f957f23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Delweng <delweng@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 00:28:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 22/33] cmd/geth: ensure db is closed before exit (#28150)

---
 cmd/geth/chaincmd.go | 7 ++++++-
 cmd/geth/dbcmd.go    | 4 ++++
 cmd/geth/snapshot.go | 4 +++-
 cmd/geth/verkle.go   | 2 ++
 4 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go b/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
index 204565af57e3..aebcc29eb80a 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
@@ -336,7 +336,8 @@ func exportChain(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
 	defer stack.Close()
 
-	chain, _ := utils.MakeChain(ctx, stack, true)
+	chain, db := utils.MakeChain(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer db.Close()
 	start := time.Now()
 
 	var err error
@@ -376,6 +377,7 @@ func importPreimages(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	defer stack.Close()
 
 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, false)
+	defer db.Close()
 	start := time.Now()
 
 	if err := utils.ImportPreimages(db, ctx.Args().First()); err != nil {
@@ -394,6 +396,7 @@ func exportPreimages(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	defer stack.Close()
 
 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer db.Close()
 	start := time.Now()
 
 	if err := utils.ExportPreimages(db, ctx.Args().First()); err != nil {
@@ -405,6 +408,8 @@ func exportPreimages(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 func parseDumpConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node) (*state.DumpConfig, ethdb.Database, common.Hash, error) {
 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer db.Close()
+
 	var header *types.Header
 	if ctx.NArg() > 1 {
 		return nil, nil, common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("expected 1 argument (number or hash), got %d", ctx.NArg())
diff --git a/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go b/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
index 5ba9acc1cf2e..6f802716c5e8 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
@@ -594,6 +594,7 @@ func importLDBdata(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		close(stop)
 	}()
 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, false)
+	defer db.Close()
 	return utils.ImportLDBData(db, fName, int64(start), stop)
 }
 
@@ -690,6 +691,7 @@ func exportChaindata(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		close(stop)
 	}()
 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer db.Close()
 	return utils.ExportChaindata(ctx.Args().Get(1), kind, exporter(db), stop)
 }
 
@@ -697,6 +699,8 @@ func showMetaData(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
 	defer stack.Close()
 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer db.Close()
+
 	ancients, err := db.Ancients()
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error accessing ancients: %v", err)
diff --git a/cmd/geth/snapshot.go b/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
index 4c8dfa84b61a..64134825116a 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
@@ -245,7 +245,9 @@ func checkDanglingStorage(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
 	defer stack.Close()
 
-	return snapshot.CheckDanglingStorage(utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true))
+	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer db.Close()
+	return snapshot.CheckDanglingStorage(db)
 }
 
 // traverseState is a helper function used for pruning verification.
diff --git a/cmd/geth/verkle.go b/cmd/geth/verkle.go
index 88f60276eafe..aa79889e8c18 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/verkle.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/verkle.go
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ func verifyVerkle(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	defer stack.Close()
 
 	chaindb := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer chaindb.Close()
 	headBlock := rawdb.ReadHeadBlock(chaindb)
 	if headBlock == nil {
 		log.Error("Failed to load head block")
@@ -163,6 +164,7 @@ func expandVerkle(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	defer stack.Close()
 
 	chaindb := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer chaindb.Close()
 	var (
 		rootC   common.Hash
 		keylist [][]byte

From f6f64cc43d1ae7bfc633452f36c086941abecbd8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: buddho <galaxystroller@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 01:17:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 23/33] cmd/utils: fix bootnodes config priority (#28095)

This fixes an issue where the --bootnodes flag was overridden by the config file.

---------

Co-authored-by: NathanBSC <Nathan.l@nodereal.io>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
---
 cmd/utils/flags.go | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd/utils/flags.go b/cmd/utils/flags.go
index 653ae4d9eba4..c172d269c514 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/flags.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/flags.go
@@ -1032,35 +1032,45 @@ func setNodeUserIdent(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *node.Config) {
 
 // setBootstrapNodes creates a list of bootstrap nodes from the command line
 // flags, reverting to pre-configured ones if none have been specified.
+// Priority order for bootnodes configuration:
+//
+// 1. --bootnodes flag
+// 2. Config file
+// 3. Network preset flags (e.g. --goerli)
+// 4. default to mainnet nodes
 func setBootstrapNodes(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *p2p.Config) {
 	urls := params.MainnetBootnodes
-	switch {
-	case ctx.IsSet(BootnodesFlag.Name):
+	if ctx.IsSet(BootnodesFlag.Name) {
 		urls = SplitAndTrim(ctx.String(BootnodesFlag.Name))
-	case ctx.Bool(HoleskyFlag.Name):
-		urls = params.HoleskyBootnodes
-	case ctx.Bool(SepoliaFlag.Name):
-		urls = params.SepoliaBootnodes
-	case ctx.Bool(GoerliFlag.Name):
-		urls = params.GoerliBootnodes
-	}
-
-	// don't apply defaults if BootstrapNodes is already set
-	if cfg.BootstrapNodes != nil {
-		return
+	} else {
+		if cfg.BootstrapNodes != nil {
+			return // Already set by config file, don't apply defaults.
+		}
+		switch {
+		case ctx.Bool(HoleskyFlag.Name):
+			urls = params.HoleskyBootnodes
+		case ctx.Bool(SepoliaFlag.Name):
+			urls = params.SepoliaBootnodes
+		case ctx.Bool(GoerliFlag.Name):
+			urls = params.GoerliBootnodes
+		}
 	}
+	cfg.BootstrapNodes = mustParseBootnodes(urls)
+}
 
-	cfg.BootstrapNodes = make([]*enode.Node, 0, len(urls))
+func mustParseBootnodes(urls []string) []*enode.Node {
+	nodes := make([]*enode.Node, 0, len(urls))
 	for _, url := range urls {
 		if url != "" {
 			node, err := enode.Parse(enode.ValidSchemes, url)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Crit("Bootstrap URL invalid", "enode", url, "err", err)
-				continue
+				return nil
 			}
-			cfg.BootstrapNodes = append(cfg.BootstrapNodes, node)
+			nodes = append(nodes, node)
 		}
 	}
+	return nodes
 }
 
 // setBootstrapNodesV5 creates a list of bootstrap nodes from the command line

From 4985d83b8faa5d32238429c57ff72ec39ef20720 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andryanau Kanstantsin <andrianov.dev@yandex.by>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 23:24:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 24/33] ethclient: fix BlockReceipts parameter encoding
 (#28087)

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
---
 ethclient/ethclient.go | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ethclient/ethclient.go b/ethclient/ethclient.go
index a21d8ff67a9f..af373b99383d 100644
--- a/ethclient/ethclient.go
+++ b/ethclient/ethclient.go
@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ func (ec *Client) PeerCount(ctx context.Context) (uint64, error) {
 	return uint64(result), err
 }
 
-// BlockReceipts returns the receipts of a given block number or hash
+// BlockReceipts returns the receipts of a given block number or hash.
 func (ec *Client) BlockReceipts(ctx context.Context, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumberOrHash) ([]*types.Receipt, error) {
 	var r []*types.Receipt
-	err := ec.c.CallContext(ctx, &r, "eth_getBlockReceipts", blockNrOrHash)
+	err := ec.c.CallContext(ctx, &r, "eth_getBlockReceipts", blockNrOrHash.String())
 	if err == nil && r == nil {
 		return nil, ethereum.NotFound
 	}

From 4de89e92e41d08a814d31534e9db34ae0d95e966 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hzysvilla <ecjgvmhc@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 16:58:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 25/33] core/vm: minor code formatting (#28199)

Adding a space beween function opOrigin() and opcCaller() in instruciton.go.
Adding a space beween function opkeccak256()  and opAddress() in instruciton.go.
---
 core/vm/instructions.go | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/core/vm/instructions.go b/core/vm/instructions.go
index 2105201fce42..56ff3502011c 100644
--- a/core/vm/instructions.go
+++ b/core/vm/instructions.go
@@ -251,6 +251,7 @@ func opKeccak256(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) (
 	size.SetBytes(interpreter.hasherBuf[:])
 	return nil, nil
 }
+
 func opAddress(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
 	scope.Stack.push(new(uint256.Int).SetBytes(scope.Contract.Address().Bytes()))
 	return nil, nil
@@ -267,6 +268,7 @@ func opOrigin(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]b
 	scope.Stack.push(new(uint256.Int).SetBytes(interpreter.evm.Origin.Bytes()))
 	return nil, nil
 }
+
 func opCaller(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
 	scope.Stack.push(new(uint256.Int).SetBytes(scope.Contract.Caller().Bytes()))
 	return nil, nil

From 40219109b01b553f4adccf8ff3b34dea293ec7ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: phenix3443 <phenix3443@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 16:59:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 26/33] eth/downloader: typo in comment (#28196)

---
 eth/downloader/skeleton.go | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/eth/downloader/skeleton.go b/eth/downloader/skeleton.go
index 59df82bd9eab..a07e1695f5b3 100644
--- a/eth/downloader/skeleton.go
+++ b/eth/downloader/skeleton.go
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ func (s *skeleton) sync(head *types.Header) (*types.Header, error) {
 	for _, peer := range s.peers.AllPeers() {
 		s.idles[peer.id] = peer
 	}
-	// Nofity any tester listening for startup events
+	// Notify any tester listening for startup events
 	if s.syncStarting != nil {
 		s.syncStarting()
 	}

From 2b7bc2c36b0d0efc83e62ba8e13723b943c4fa6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 13:12:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 27/33] eth/fetcher: allow underpriced transactions in after
 timeout (#28097)

This PR will allow a previously underpriced transaction back in after a timeout
of 5 minutes. This will block most transaction spam but allow for transactions to
be re-broadcasted on networks with less transaction flow.

---------

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
---
 eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher.go      | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher_test.go |  4 ++--
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher.go b/eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher.go
index 95fef0cdeee5..a11b5e2164e0 100644
--- a/eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher.go
+++ b/eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher.go
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"time"
 
-	mapset "github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/lru"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/mclock"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/txpool"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ const (
 	// re-request them.
 	maxTxUnderpricedSetSize = 32768
 
+	// maxTxUnderpricedTimeout is the max time a transaction should be stuck in the underpriced set.
+	maxTxUnderpricedTimeout = int64(5 * time.Minute)
+
 	// txArriveTimeout is the time allowance before an announced transaction is
 	// explicitly requested.
 	txArriveTimeout = 500 * time.Millisecond
@@ -148,7 +151,7 @@ type TxFetcher struct {
 	drop    chan *txDrop
 	quit    chan struct{}
 
-	underpriced mapset.Set[common.Hash] // Transactions discarded as too cheap (don't re-fetch)
+	underpriced *lru.Cache[common.Hash, int64] // Transactions discarded as too cheap (don't re-fetch)
 
 	// Stage 1: Waiting lists for newly discovered transactions that might be
 	// broadcast without needing explicit request/reply round trips.
@@ -202,7 +205,7 @@ func NewTxFetcherForTests(
 		fetching:    make(map[common.Hash]string),
 		requests:    make(map[string]*txRequest),
 		alternates:  make(map[common.Hash]map[string]struct{}),
-		underpriced: mapset.NewSet[common.Hash](),
+		underpriced: lru.NewCache[common.Hash, int64](maxTxUnderpricedSetSize),
 		hasTx:       hasTx,
 		addTxs:      addTxs,
 		fetchTxs:    fetchTxs,
@@ -223,17 +226,16 @@ func (f *TxFetcher) Notify(peer string, hashes []common.Hash) error {
 	// still valuable to check here because it runs concurrent  to the internal
 	// loop, so anything caught here is time saved internally.
 	var (
-		unknowns               = make([]common.Hash, 0, len(hashes))
-		duplicate, underpriced int64
+		unknowns    = make([]common.Hash, 0, len(hashes))
+		duplicate   int64
+		underpriced int64
 	)
 	for _, hash := range hashes {
 		switch {
 		case f.hasTx(hash):
 			duplicate++
-
-		case f.underpriced.Contains(hash):
+		case f.isKnownUnderpriced(hash):
 			underpriced++
-
 		default:
 			unknowns = append(unknowns, hash)
 		}
@@ -245,10 +247,7 @@ func (f *TxFetcher) Notify(peer string, hashes []common.Hash) error {
 	if len(unknowns) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	announce := &txAnnounce{
-		origin: peer,
-		hashes: unknowns,
-	}
+	announce := &txAnnounce{origin: peer, hashes: unknowns}
 	select {
 	case f.notify <- announce:
 		return nil
@@ -257,6 +256,16 @@ func (f *TxFetcher) Notify(peer string, hashes []common.Hash) error {
 	}
 }
 
+// isKnownUnderpriced reports whether a transaction hash was recently found to be underpriced.
+func (f *TxFetcher) isKnownUnderpriced(hash common.Hash) bool {
+	prevTime, ok := f.underpriced.Peek(hash)
+	if ok && prevTime+maxTxUnderpricedTimeout < time.Now().Unix() {
+		f.underpriced.Remove(hash)
+		return false
+	}
+	return ok
+}
+
 // Enqueue imports a batch of received transaction into the transaction pool
 // and the fetcher. This method may be called by both transaction broadcasts and
 // direct request replies. The differentiation is important so the fetcher can
@@ -300,10 +309,7 @@ func (f *TxFetcher) Enqueue(peer string, txs []*types.Transaction, direct bool)
 			// Avoid re-request this transaction when we receive another
 			// announcement.
 			if errors.Is(err, txpool.ErrUnderpriced) || errors.Is(err, txpool.ErrReplaceUnderpriced) {
-				for f.underpriced.Cardinality() >= maxTxUnderpricedSetSize {
-					f.underpriced.Pop()
-				}
-				f.underpriced.Add(batch[j].Hash())
+				f.underpriced.Add(batch[j].Hash(), batch[j].Time().Unix())
 			}
 			// Track a few interesting failure types
 			switch {
diff --git a/eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher_test.go b/eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher_test.go
index 1715def99c00..980c1a6c2638 100644
--- a/eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher_test.go
+++ b/eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher_test.go
@@ -1509,8 +1509,8 @@ func testTransactionFetcher(t *testing.T, tt txFetcherTest) {
 			}
 
 		case isUnderpriced:
-			if fetcher.underpriced.Cardinality() != int(step) {
-				t.Errorf("step %d: underpriced set size mismatch: have %d, want %d", i, fetcher.underpriced.Cardinality(), step)
+			if fetcher.underpriced.Len() != int(step) {
+				t.Errorf("step %d: underpriced set size mismatch: have %d, want %d", i, fetcher.underpriced.Len(), step)
 			}
 
 		default:

From adb9b319c9c61f092755000bf0fc4b3349f5cbbc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sina Mahmoodi <1591639+s1na@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 14:22:11 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 28/33] internal/ethapi: eth_call block parameter is optional
 (#28165)

So apparently in the spec the base block parameter of eth_call is optional.
I agree that "latest" is a sane default for this that most people would use.
---
 internal/ethapi/api.go      | 8 ++++++--
 internal/ethapi/api_test.go | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/internal/ethapi/api.go b/internal/ethapi/api.go
index 733e671e0abd..e2911c6b1692 100644
--- a/internal/ethapi/api.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/api.go
@@ -1158,8 +1158,12 @@ func (e *revertError) ErrorData() interface{} {
 //
 // Note, this function doesn't make and changes in the state/blockchain and is
 // useful to execute and retrieve values.
-func (s *BlockChainAPI) Call(ctx context.Context, args TransactionArgs, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumberOrHash, overrides *StateOverride, blockOverrides *BlockOverrides) (hexutil.Bytes, error) {
-	result, err := DoCall(ctx, s.b, args, blockNrOrHash, overrides, blockOverrides, s.b.RPCEVMTimeout(), s.b.RPCGasCap())
+func (s *BlockChainAPI) Call(ctx context.Context, args TransactionArgs, blockNrOrHash *rpc.BlockNumberOrHash, overrides *StateOverride, blockOverrides *BlockOverrides) (hexutil.Bytes, error) {
+	if blockNrOrHash == nil {
+		latest := rpc.BlockNumberOrHashWithNumber(rpc.LatestBlockNumber)
+		blockNrOrHash = &latest
+	}
+	result, err := DoCall(ctx, s.b, args, *blockNrOrHash, overrides, blockOverrides, s.b.RPCEVMTimeout(), s.b.RPCGasCap())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/internal/ethapi/api_test.go b/internal/ethapi/api_test.go
index fc135c3779ef..846a4347a7a2 100644
--- a/internal/ethapi/api_test.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/api_test.go
@@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ func TestCall(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for i, tc := range testSuite {
-		result, err := api.Call(context.Background(), tc.call, rpc.BlockNumberOrHash{BlockNumber: &tc.blockNumber}, &tc.overrides, &tc.blockOverrides)
+		result, err := api.Call(context.Background(), tc.call, &rpc.BlockNumberOrHash{BlockNumber: &tc.blockNumber}, &tc.overrides, &tc.blockOverrides)
 		if tc.expectErr != nil {
 			if err == nil {
 				t.Errorf("test %d: want error %v, have nothing", i, tc.expectErr)

From b85c183ea7417e973dbbccd27b3fb7d7097b87dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2023 21:29:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 29/33] eth/downloader: remove header rollback mechanism
 (#28147)

* eth/downloader: remove rollback mechanism in downloader

* eth/downloader: remove the tests
---
 eth/downloader/downloader.go      | 55 +--------------------
 eth/downloader/downloader_test.go | 80 -------------------------------
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 133 deletions(-)

diff --git a/eth/downloader/downloader.go b/eth/downloader/downloader.go
index 1e4f35ccd198..732e79f8baca 100644
--- a/eth/downloader/downloader.go
+++ b/eth/downloader/downloader.go
@@ -1280,41 +1280,13 @@ func (d *Downloader) fetchReceipts(from uint64, beaconMode bool) error {
 // keeps processing and scheduling them into the header chain and downloader's
 // queue until the stream ends or a failure occurs.
 func (d *Downloader) processHeaders(origin uint64, td, ttd *big.Int, beaconMode bool) error {
-	// Keep a count of uncertain headers to roll back
 	var (
-		rollback    uint64 // Zero means no rollback (fine as you can't unroll the genesis)
-		rollbackErr error
-		mode        = d.getMode()
+		mode       = d.getMode()
+		gotHeaders = false // Wait for batches of headers to process
 	)
-	defer func() {
-		if rollback > 0 {
-			lastHeader, lastFastBlock, lastBlock := d.lightchain.CurrentHeader().Number, common.Big0, common.Big0
-			if mode != LightSync {
-				lastFastBlock = d.blockchain.CurrentSnapBlock().Number
-				lastBlock = d.blockchain.CurrentBlock().Number
-			}
-			if err := d.lightchain.SetHead(rollback - 1); err != nil { // -1 to target the parent of the first uncertain block
-				// We're already unwinding the stack, only print the error to make it more visible
-				log.Error("Failed to roll back chain segment", "head", rollback-1, "err", err)
-			}
-			curFastBlock, curBlock := common.Big0, common.Big0
-			if mode != LightSync {
-				curFastBlock = d.blockchain.CurrentSnapBlock().Number
-				curBlock = d.blockchain.CurrentBlock().Number
-			}
-			log.Warn("Rolled back chain segment",
-				"header", fmt.Sprintf("%d->%d", lastHeader, d.lightchain.CurrentHeader().Number),
-				"snap", fmt.Sprintf("%d->%d", lastFastBlock, curFastBlock),
-				"block", fmt.Sprintf("%d->%d", lastBlock, curBlock), "reason", rollbackErr)
-		}
-	}()
-	// Wait for batches of headers to process
-	gotHeaders := false
-
 	for {
 		select {
 		case <-d.cancelCh:
-			rollbackErr = errCanceled
 			return errCanceled
 
 		case task := <-d.headerProcCh:
@@ -1363,8 +1335,6 @@ func (d *Downloader) processHeaders(origin uint64, td, ttd *big.Int, beaconMode
 						}
 					}
 				}
-				// Disable any rollback and return
-				rollback = 0
 				return nil
 			}
 			// Otherwise split the chunk of headers into batches and process them
@@ -1375,7 +1345,6 @@ func (d *Downloader) processHeaders(origin uint64, td, ttd *big.Int, beaconMode
 				// Terminate if something failed in between processing chunks
 				select {
 				case <-d.cancelCh:
-					rollbackErr = errCanceled
 					return errCanceled
 				default:
 				}
@@ -1422,29 +1391,11 @@ func (d *Downloader) processHeaders(origin uint64, td, ttd *big.Int, beaconMode
 					}
 					if len(chunkHeaders) > 0 {
 						if n, err := d.lightchain.InsertHeaderChain(chunkHeaders); err != nil {
-							rollbackErr = err
-
-							// If some headers were inserted, track them as uncertain
-							if mode == SnapSync && n > 0 && rollback == 0 {
-								rollback = chunkHeaders[0].Number.Uint64()
-							}
 							log.Warn("Invalid header encountered", "number", chunkHeaders[n].Number, "hash", chunkHashes[n], "parent", chunkHeaders[n].ParentHash, "err", err)
 							return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", errInvalidChain, err)
 						}
-						// All verifications passed, track all headers within the allowed limits
-						if mode == SnapSync {
-							head := chunkHeaders[len(chunkHeaders)-1].Number.Uint64()
-							if head-rollback > uint64(fsHeaderSafetyNet) {
-								rollback = head - uint64(fsHeaderSafetyNet)
-							} else {
-								rollback = 1
-							}
-						}
 					}
 					if len(rejected) != 0 {
-						// Merge threshold reached, stop importing, but don't roll back
-						rollback = 0
-
 						log.Info("Legacy sync reached merge threshold", "number", rejected[0].Number, "hash", rejected[0].Hash(), "td", td, "ttd", ttd)
 						return ErrMergeTransition
 					}
@@ -1455,7 +1406,6 @@ func (d *Downloader) processHeaders(origin uint64, td, ttd *big.Int, beaconMode
 					for d.queue.PendingBodies() >= maxQueuedHeaders || d.queue.PendingReceipts() >= maxQueuedHeaders {
 						select {
 						case <-d.cancelCh:
-							rollbackErr = errCanceled
 							return errCanceled
 						case <-time.After(time.Second):
 						}
@@ -1463,7 +1413,6 @@ func (d *Downloader) processHeaders(origin uint64, td, ttd *big.Int, beaconMode
 					// Otherwise insert the headers for content retrieval
 					inserts := d.queue.Schedule(chunkHeaders, chunkHashes, origin)
 					if len(inserts) != len(chunkHeaders) {
-						rollbackErr = fmt.Errorf("stale headers: len inserts %v len(chunk) %v", len(inserts), len(chunkHeaders))
 						return fmt.Errorf("%w: stale headers", errBadPeer)
 					}
 				}
diff --git a/eth/downloader/downloader_test.go b/eth/downloader/downloader_test.go
index 06c22afff092..ffe445ea883c 100644
--- a/eth/downloader/downloader_test.go
+++ b/eth/downloader/downloader_test.go
@@ -878,86 +878,6 @@ func testShiftedHeaderAttack(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	assertOwnChain(t, tester, len(chain.blocks))
 }
 
-// Tests that upon detecting an invalid header, the recent ones are rolled back
-// for various failure scenarios. Afterwards a full sync is attempted to make
-// sure no state was corrupted.
-func TestInvalidHeaderRollback66Snap(t *testing.T) { testInvalidHeaderRollback(t, eth.ETH66, SnapSync) }
-func TestInvalidHeaderRollback67Snap(t *testing.T) { testInvalidHeaderRollback(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-
-func testInvalidHeaderRollback(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
-	tester := newTester(t)
-	defer tester.terminate()
-
-	// Create a small enough block chain to download
-	targetBlocks := 3*fsHeaderSafetyNet + 256 + fsMinFullBlocks
-	chain := testChainBase.shorten(targetBlocks)
-
-	// Attempt to sync with an attacker that feeds junk during the fast sync phase.
-	// This should result in the last fsHeaderSafetyNet headers being rolled back.
-	missing := fsHeaderSafetyNet + MaxHeaderFetch + 1
-
-	fastAttacker := tester.newPeer("fast-attack", protocol, chain.blocks[1:])
-	fastAttacker.withholdHeaders[chain.blocks[missing].Hash()] = struct{}{}
-
-	if err := tester.sync("fast-attack", nil, mode); err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("succeeded fast attacker synchronisation")
-	}
-	if head := tester.chain.CurrentHeader().Number.Int64(); int(head) > MaxHeaderFetch {
-		t.Errorf("rollback head mismatch: have %v, want at most %v", head, MaxHeaderFetch)
-	}
-	// Attempt to sync with an attacker that feeds junk during the block import phase.
-	// This should result in both the last fsHeaderSafetyNet number of headers being
-	// rolled back, and also the pivot point being reverted to a non-block status.
-	missing = 3*fsHeaderSafetyNet + MaxHeaderFetch + 1
-
-	blockAttacker := tester.newPeer("block-attack", protocol, chain.blocks[1:])
-	fastAttacker.withholdHeaders[chain.blocks[missing].Hash()] = struct{}{} // Make sure the fast-attacker doesn't fill in
-	blockAttacker.withholdHeaders[chain.blocks[missing].Hash()] = struct{}{}
-
-	if err := tester.sync("block-attack", nil, mode); err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("succeeded block attacker synchronisation")
-	}
-	if head := tester.chain.CurrentHeader().Number.Int64(); int(head) > 2*fsHeaderSafetyNet+MaxHeaderFetch {
-		t.Errorf("rollback head mismatch: have %v, want at most %v", head, 2*fsHeaderSafetyNet+MaxHeaderFetch)
-	}
-	if mode == SnapSync {
-		if head := tester.chain.CurrentBlock().Number.Uint64(); head != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("fast sync pivot block #%d not rolled back", head)
-		}
-	}
-	// Attempt to sync with an attacker that withholds promised blocks after the
-	// fast sync pivot point. This could be a trial to leave the node with a bad
-	// but already imported pivot block.
-	withholdAttacker := tester.newPeer("withhold-attack", protocol, chain.blocks[1:])
-
-	tester.downloader.syncInitHook = func(uint64, uint64) {
-		for i := missing; i < len(chain.blocks); i++ {
-			withholdAttacker.withholdHeaders[chain.blocks[i].Hash()] = struct{}{}
-		}
-		tester.downloader.syncInitHook = nil
-	}
-	if err := tester.sync("withhold-attack", nil, mode); err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("succeeded withholding attacker synchronisation")
-	}
-	if head := tester.chain.CurrentHeader().Number.Int64(); int(head) > 2*fsHeaderSafetyNet+MaxHeaderFetch {
-		t.Errorf("rollback head mismatch: have %v, want at most %v", head, 2*fsHeaderSafetyNet+MaxHeaderFetch)
-	}
-	if mode == SnapSync {
-		if head := tester.chain.CurrentBlock().Number.Uint64(); head != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("fast sync pivot block #%d not rolled back", head)
-		}
-	}
-	// Synchronise with the valid peer and make sure sync succeeds. Since the last rollback
-	// should also disable fast syncing for this process, verify that we did a fresh full
-	// sync. Note, we can't assert anything about the receipts since we won't purge the
-	// database of them, hence we can't use assertOwnChain.
-	tester.newPeer("valid", protocol, chain.blocks[1:])
-	if err := tester.sync("valid", nil, mode); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to synchronise blocks: %v", err)
-	}
-	assertOwnChain(t, tester, len(chain.blocks))
-}
-
 // Tests that a peer advertising a high TD doesn't get to stall the downloader
 // afterwards by not sending any useful hashes.
 func TestHighTDStarvationAttack66Full(t *testing.T) {

From 614804b33c340cd60cbb6087d898b2968b0da320 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: bnovil <lzqcn2000@126.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2023 11:08:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 30/33] core/txpool: fix typos (#28208)

core/txpool:fix typos
---
 core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go | 6 +++---
 core/txpool/validation.go            | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go b/core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go
index 00e326c4b87f..57b71bf4e0bb 100644
--- a/core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go
+++ b/core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ func (pool *LegacyPool) Close() error {
 }
 
 // Reset implements txpool.SubPool, allowing the legacy pool's internal state to be
-// kept in sync with the main transacion pool's internal state.
+// kept in sync with the main transaction pool's internal state.
 func (pool *LegacyPool) Reset(oldHead, newHead *types.Header) {
 	wait := pool.requestReset(oldHead, newHead)
 	<-wait
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ func (pool *LegacyPool) validateTx(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) error {
 // pending or queued one, it overwrites the previous transaction if its price is higher.
 //
 // If a newly added transaction is marked as local, its sending account will be
-// be added to the allowlist, preventing any associated transaction from being dropped
+// added to the allowlist, preventing any associated transaction from being dropped
 // out of the pool due to pricing constraints.
 func (pool *LegacyPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err error) {
 	// If the transaction is already known, discard it
@@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ func (pool *LegacyPool) addRemoteSync(tx *types.Transaction) error {
 }
 
 // Add enqueues a batch of transactions into the pool if they are valid. Depending
-// on the local flag, full pricing contraints will or will not be applied.
+// on the local flag, full pricing constraints will or will not be applied.
 //
 // If sync is set, the method will block until all internal maintenance related
 // to the add is finished. Only use this during tests for determinism!
diff --git a/core/txpool/validation.go b/core/txpool/validation.go
index 630d5340cfc4..9de372a66e72 100644
--- a/core/txpool/validation.go
+++ b/core/txpool/validation.go
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ type ValidationOptionsWithState struct {
 	// be rejected once the number of remaining slots reaches zero.
 	UsedAndLeftSlots func(addr common.Address) (int, int)
 
-	// ExistingExpenditure is a mandatory callback to retrieve the cummulative
+	// ExistingExpenditure is a mandatory callback to retrieve the cumulative
 	// cost of the already pooled transactions to check for overdrafts.
 	ExistingExpenditure func(addr common.Address) *big.Int
 
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ func ValidateTransactionWithState(tx *types.Transaction, signer types.Signer, op
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: balance %v, queued cost %v, tx cost %v, overshot %v", core.ErrInsufficientFunds, balance, spent, cost, new(big.Int).Sub(need, balance))
 		}
 		// Transaction takes a new nonce value out of the pool. Ensure it doesn't
-		// overflow the number of permitted transactions from a single accoun
+		// overflow the number of permitted transactions from a single account
 		// (i.e. max cancellable via out-of-bound transaction).
 		if used, left := opts.UsedAndLeftSlots(from); left <= 0 {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: pooled %d txs", ErrAccountLimitExceeded, used)

From a0811300815f1d4e79881113a102e91fdfeecdb8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xbstn <bastien-bouge@hotmail.fr>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 03:48:14 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 31/33] core/txpool: fix typos (#28213)

fix(core/txpool): fix typos
---
 core/txpool/blobpool/evictheap.go    | 2 +-
 core/txpool/blobpool/limbo.go        | 4 ++--
 core/txpool/blobpool/priority.go     | 2 +-
 core/txpool/errors.go                | 2 +-
 core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go | 2 +-
 core/txpool/txpool.go                | 4 ++--
 core/txpool/validation.go            | 2 +-
 7 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/core/txpool/blobpool/evictheap.go b/core/txpool/blobpool/evictheap.go
index 7607a911c15b..df594099f79b 100644
--- a/core/txpool/blobpool/evictheap.go
+++ b/core/txpool/blobpool/evictheap.go
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ type evictHeap struct {
 	index map[common.Address]int // Indices into the heap for replacements
 }
 
-// newPriceHeap creates a new heap of cheapets accounts in the blob pool to evict
+// newPriceHeap creates a new heap of cheapest accounts in the blob pool to evict
 // from in case of over saturation.
 func newPriceHeap(basefee *uint256.Int, blobfee *uint256.Int, index *map[common.Address][]*blobTxMeta) *evictHeap {
 	heap := &evictHeap{
diff --git a/core/txpool/blobpool/limbo.go b/core/txpool/blobpool/limbo.go
index 2d62593de688..d1fe9c739477 100644
--- a/core/txpool/blobpool/limbo.go
+++ b/core/txpool/blobpool/limbo.go
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func (l *limbo) push(tx *types.Transaction, block uint64) error {
 		return errors.New("already tracked blob transaction")
 	}
 	if err := l.setAndIndex(tx, block); err != nil {
-		log.Error("Failed to set and index liboed blobs", "tx", tx, "err", err)
+		log.Error("Failed to set and index limboed blobs", "tx", tx, "err", err)
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ func (l *limbo) update(txhash common.Hash, block uint64) {
 		log.Trace("Blob transaction unchanged in limbo", "tx", txhash, "block", block)
 		return
 	}
-	// Retrieve the old blobs from the data store and write tehm back with a new
+	// Retrieve the old blobs from the data store and write them back with a new
 	// block number. IF anything fails, there's not much to do, go on.
 	item, err := l.getAndDrop(id)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/core/txpool/blobpool/priority.go b/core/txpool/blobpool/priority.go
index 18e545c2a876..a8332bd9b0e6 100644
--- a/core/txpool/blobpool/priority.go
+++ b/core/txpool/blobpool/priority.go
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import (
 var log2_1_125 = math.Log2(1.125)
 
 // evictionPriority calculates the eviction priority based on the algorithm
-// described in the BlobPool docs for a both fee components.
+// described in the BlobPool docs for both fee components.
 //
 // This method takes about 8ns on a very recent laptop CPU, recalculating about
 // 125 million transaction priority values per second.
diff --git a/core/txpool/errors.go b/core/txpool/errors.go
index bc26550f78ca..61daa999ffdc 100644
--- a/core/txpool/errors.go
+++ b/core/txpool/errors.go
@@ -52,6 +52,6 @@ var (
 	ErrOversizedData = errors.New("oversized data")
 
 	// ErrFutureReplacePending is returned if a future transaction replaces a pending
-	// transaction. Future transactions should only be able to replace other future transactions.
+	// one. Future transactions should only be able to replace other future transactions.
 	ErrFutureReplacePending = errors.New("future transaction tries to replace pending")
 )
diff --git a/core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go b/core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go
index 57b71bf4e0bb..f1b960510a30 100644
--- a/core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go
+++ b/core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ func (pool *LegacyPool) promoteTx(addr common.Address, hash common.Hash, tx *typ
 }
 
 // addLocals enqueues a batch of transactions into the pool if they are valid, marking the
-// senders as a local ones, ensuring they go around the local pricing constraints.
+// senders as local ones, ensuring they go around the local pricing constraints.
 //
 // This method is used to add transactions from the RPC API and performs synchronous pool
 // reorganization and event propagation.
diff --git a/core/txpool/txpool.go b/core/txpool/txpool.go
index e40b41405454..cacae7bc0079 100644
--- a/core/txpool/txpool.go
+++ b/core/txpool/txpool.go
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ type TxPool struct {
 	reservations map[common.Address]SubPool // Map with the account to pool reservations
 	reserveLock  sync.Mutex                 // Lock protecting the account reservations
 
-	subs event.SubscriptionScope // Subscription scope to unscubscribe all on shutdown
+	subs event.SubscriptionScope // Subscription scope to unsubscribe all on shutdown
 	quit chan chan error         // Quit channel to tear down the head updater
 }
 
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ func (p *TxPool) Locals() []common.Address {
 }
 
 // Status returns the known status (unknown/pending/queued) of a transaction
-// identified by their hashes.
+// identified by its hash.
 func (p *TxPool) Status(hash common.Hash) TxStatus {
 	for _, subpool := range p.subpools {
 		if status := subpool.Status(hash); status != TxStatusUnknown {
diff --git a/core/txpool/validation.go b/core/txpool/validation.go
index 9de372a66e72..0df363d81d87 100644
--- a/core/txpool/validation.go
+++ b/core/txpool/validation.go
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func ValidateTransaction(tx *types.Transaction, head *types.Header, signer types
 		if sidecar == nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("missing sidecar in blob transaction")
 		}
-		// Ensure the number of items in the blob transaction and vairous side
+		// Ensure the number of items in the blob transaction and various side
 		// data match up before doing any expensive validations
 		hashes := tx.BlobHashes()
 		if len(hashes) == 0 {

From 73f5bcb75b562fcb3c109dd9c51f21956bc1f1f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 15:00:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 32/33] core, accounts, eth, trie: handle genesis state missing
 (#28171)

* core, accounts, eth, trie: handle genesis state missing

* core, eth, trie: polish

* core: manage txpool subscription in mainpool

* eth/backend: fix test

* cmd, eth: fix test

* core/rawdb, trie/triedb/pathdb: address comments

* eth, trie: address comments

* eth: inline the function

* eth: use synced flag

* core/txpool: revert changes in txpool

* core, eth, trie: rename functions
---
 accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go   |  17 ++--
 cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/suite_test.go |   1 +
 core/blockchain.go                        |  54 ++++--------
 core/rawdb/accessors_sync.go              |  22 +++++
 core/rawdb/database.go                    |   2 +-
 core/rawdb/schema.go                      |   3 +
 core/txpool/blobpool/blobpool.go          |   6 ++
 core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go      |  15 +++-
 eth/api_backend.go                        |  10 ++-
 eth/backend.go                            |   2 +-
 eth/downloader/downloader.go              |   4 +-
 eth/handler.go                            |  50 +++++------
 eth/handler_eth.go                        |   2 +-
 eth/handler_eth_test.go                   |   4 +-
 eth/sync.go                               |  23 ++---
 miner/miner_test.go                       |   7 +-
 trie/database.go                          |  20 ++++-
 trie/triedb/pathdb/database.go            | 101 +++++++++++++++-------
 trie/triedb/pathdb/database_test.go       |  37 ++++----
 trie/triedb/pathdb/errors.go              |  10 ++-
 trie/triedb/pathdb/journal.go             |   2 +-
 21 files changed, 244 insertions(+), 148 deletions(-)

diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go b/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
index 0c4342c4944b..dbdcd1782376 100644
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
@@ -199,7 +199,6 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) CodeAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address,
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	return stateDB.GetCode(contract), nil
 }
 
@@ -212,7 +211,6 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) BalanceAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Addres
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	return stateDB.GetBalance(contract), nil
 }
 
@@ -225,7 +223,6 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) NonceAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address,
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
-
 	return stateDB.GetNonce(contract), nil
 }
 
@@ -238,7 +235,6 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) StorageAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Addres
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	val := stateDB.GetState(contract, key)
 	return val[:], nil
 }
@@ -700,8 +696,10 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) SendTransaction(ctx context.Context, tx *types.Transa
 		}
 		block.AddTxWithChain(b.blockchain, tx)
 	})
-	stateDB, _ := b.blockchain.State()
-
+	stateDB, err := b.blockchain.State()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
 	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), stateDB.Database(), nil)
 	b.pendingReceipts = receipts[0]
@@ -821,11 +819,12 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) AdjustTime(adjustment time.Duration) error {
 	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, block, ethash.NewFaker(), b.database, 1, func(number int, block *core.BlockGen) {
 		block.OffsetTime(int64(adjustment.Seconds()))
 	})
-	stateDB, _ := b.blockchain.State()
-
+	stateDB, err := b.blockchain.State()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
 	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), stateDB.Database(), nil)
-
 	return nil
 }
 
diff --git a/cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/suite_test.go b/cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/suite_test.go
index c5bcc3db1da4..7890c3134811 100644
--- a/cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/suite_test.go
+++ b/cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/suite_test.go
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ func setupGeth(stack *node.Node) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	backend.SetSynced()
 
 	_, err = backend.BlockChain().InsertChain(chain.blocks[1:])
 	return err
diff --git a/core/blockchain.go b/core/blockchain.go
index e371e8d9265a..067f44d1f1a0 100644
--- a/core/blockchain.go
+++ b/core/blockchain.go
@@ -337,17 +337,17 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 	if err := bc.loadLastState(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	// Make sure the state associated with the block is available
+	// Make sure the state associated with the block is available, or log out
+	// if there is no available state, waiting for state sync.
 	head := bc.CurrentBlock()
 	if !bc.HasState(head.Root) {
 		if head.Number.Uint64() == 0 {
 			// The genesis state is missing, which is only possible in the path-based
-			// scheme. This situation occurs when the state syncer overwrites it.
-			//
-			// The solution is to reset the state to the genesis state. Although it may not
-			// match the sync target, the state healer will later address and correct any
-			// inconsistencies.
-			bc.resetState()
+			// scheme. This situation occurs when the initial state sync is not finished
+			// yet, or the chain head is rewound below the pivot point. In both scenario,
+			// there is no possible recovery approach except for rerunning a snap sync.
+			// Do nothing here until the state syncer picks it up.
+			log.Info("Genesis state is missing, wait state sync")
 		} else {
 			// Head state is missing, before the state recovery, find out the
 			// disk layer point of snapshot(if it's enabled). Make sure the
@@ -630,28 +630,6 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) SetSafe(header *types.Header) {
 	}
 }
 
-// resetState resets the persistent state to genesis state if it's not present.
-func (bc *BlockChain) resetState() {
-	// Short circuit if the genesis state is already present.
-	root := bc.genesisBlock.Root()
-	if bc.HasState(root) {
-		return
-	}
-	// Reset the state database to empty for committing genesis state.
-	// Note, it should only happen in path-based scheme and Reset function
-	// is also only call-able in this mode.
-	if bc.triedb.Scheme() == rawdb.PathScheme {
-		if err := bc.triedb.Reset(types.EmptyRootHash); err != nil {
-			log.Crit("Failed to clean state", "err", err) // Shouldn't happen
-		}
-	}
-	// Write genesis state into database.
-	if err := CommitGenesisState(bc.db, bc.triedb, bc.genesisBlock.Hash()); err != nil {
-		log.Crit("Failed to commit genesis state", "err", err)
-	}
-	log.Info("Reset state to genesis", "root", root)
-}
-
 // setHeadBeyondRoot rewinds the local chain to a new head with the extra condition
 // that the rewind must pass the specified state root. This method is meant to be
 // used when rewinding with snapshots enabled to ensure that we go back further than
@@ -687,7 +665,6 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) setHeadBeyondRoot(head uint64, time uint64, root common.Ha
 			if newHeadBlock == nil {
 				log.Error("Gap in the chain, rewinding to genesis", "number", header.Number, "hash", header.Hash())
 				newHeadBlock = bc.genesisBlock
-				bc.resetState()
 			} else {
 				// Block exists, keep rewinding until we find one with state,
 				// keeping rewinding until we exceed the optional threshold
@@ -715,16 +692,14 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) setHeadBeyondRoot(head uint64, time uint64, root common.Ha
 						}
 					}
 					if beyondRoot || newHeadBlock.NumberU64() == 0 {
-						if newHeadBlock.NumberU64() == 0 {
-							bc.resetState()
-						} else if !bc.HasState(newHeadBlock.Root()) {
+						if !bc.HasState(newHeadBlock.Root()) && bc.stateRecoverable(newHeadBlock.Root()) {
 							// Rewind to a block with recoverable state. If the state is
 							// missing, run the state recovery here.
 							if err := bc.triedb.Recover(newHeadBlock.Root()); err != nil {
 								log.Crit("Failed to rollback state", "err", err) // Shouldn't happen
 							}
+							log.Debug("Rewound to block with state", "number", newHeadBlock.NumberU64(), "hash", newHeadBlock.Hash())
 						}
-						log.Debug("Rewound to block with state", "number", newHeadBlock.NumberU64(), "hash", newHeadBlock.Hash())
 						break
 					}
 					log.Debug("Skipping block with threshold state", "number", newHeadBlock.NumberU64(), "hash", newHeadBlock.Hash(), "root", newHeadBlock.Root())
@@ -739,6 +714,15 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) setHeadBeyondRoot(head uint64, time uint64, root common.Ha
 			// to low, so it's safe to update in-memory markers directly.
 			bc.currentBlock.Store(newHeadBlock.Header())
 			headBlockGauge.Update(int64(newHeadBlock.NumberU64()))
+
+			// The head state is missing, which is only possible in the path-based
+			// scheme. This situation occurs when the chain head is rewound below
+			// the pivot point. In this scenario, there is no possible recovery
+			// approach except for rerunning a snap sync. Do nothing here until the
+			// state syncer picks it up.
+			if !bc.HasState(newHeadBlock.Root()) {
+				log.Info("Chain is stateless, wait state sync", "number", newHeadBlock.Number(), "hash", newHeadBlock.Hash())
+			}
 		}
 		// Rewind the snap block in a simpleton way to the target head
 		if currentSnapBlock := bc.CurrentSnapBlock(); currentSnapBlock != nil && header.Number.Uint64() < currentSnapBlock.Number.Uint64() {
@@ -838,7 +822,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) SnapSyncCommitHead(hash common.Hash) error {
 	// Reset the trie database with the fresh snap synced state.
 	root := block.Root()
 	if bc.triedb.Scheme() == rawdb.PathScheme {
-		if err := bc.triedb.Reset(root); err != nil {
+		if err := bc.triedb.Enable(root); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/core/rawdb/accessors_sync.go b/core/rawdb/accessors_sync.go
index 7a7374e16862..2dc08b3b7285 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/accessors_sync.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/accessors_sync.go
@@ -76,3 +76,25 @@ func DeleteSkeletonHeader(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, number uint64) {
 		log.Crit("Failed to delete skeleton header", "err", err)
 	}
 }
+
+const (
+	StateSyncUnknown  = uint8(0) // flags the state snap sync is unknown
+	StateSyncRunning  = uint8(1) // flags the state snap sync is not completed yet
+	StateSyncFinished = uint8(2) // flags the state snap sync is completed
+)
+
+// ReadSnapSyncStatusFlag retrieves the state snap sync status flag.
+func ReadSnapSyncStatusFlag(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) uint8 {
+	blob, err := db.Get(snapSyncStatusFlagKey)
+	if err != nil || len(blob) != 1 {
+		return StateSyncUnknown
+	}
+	return blob[0]
+}
+
+// WriteSnapSyncStatusFlag stores the state snap sync status flag into database.
+func WriteSnapSyncStatusFlag(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, flag uint8) {
+	if err := db.Put(snapSyncStatusFlagKey, []byte{flag}); err != nil {
+		log.Crit("Failed to store sync status flag", "err", err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/core/rawdb/database.go b/core/rawdb/database.go
index 3839e949ed3f..e97eeb2aa3f3 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/database.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/database.go
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database, keyPrefix, keyStart []byte) error {
 				lastPivotKey, fastTrieProgressKey, snapshotDisabledKey, SnapshotRootKey, snapshotJournalKey,
 				snapshotGeneratorKey, snapshotRecoveryKey, txIndexTailKey, fastTxLookupLimitKey,
 				uncleanShutdownKey, badBlockKey, transitionStatusKey, skeletonSyncStatusKey,
-				persistentStateIDKey, trieJournalKey, snapshotSyncStatusKey,
+				persistentStateIDKey, trieJournalKey, snapshotSyncStatusKey, snapSyncStatusFlagKey,
 			} {
 				if bytes.Equal(key, meta) {
 					metadata.Add(size)
diff --git a/core/rawdb/schema.go b/core/rawdb/schema.go
index 7269fe5d5653..8e82459e8225 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/schema.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/schema.go
@@ -91,6 +91,9 @@ var (
 	// transitionStatusKey tracks the eth2 transition status.
 	transitionStatusKey = []byte("eth2-transition")
 
+	// snapSyncStatusFlagKey flags that status of snap sync.
+	snapSyncStatusFlagKey = []byte("SnapSyncStatus")
+
 	// Data item prefixes (use single byte to avoid mixing data types, avoid `i`, used for indexes).
 	headerPrefix       = []byte("h") // headerPrefix + num (uint64 big endian) + hash -> header
 	headerTDSuffix     = []byte("t") // headerPrefix + num (uint64 big endian) + hash + headerTDSuffix -> td
diff --git a/core/txpool/blobpool/blobpool.go b/core/txpool/blobpool/blobpool.go
index 042ff3be20aa..36916c3f0b2f 100644
--- a/core/txpool/blobpool/blobpool.go
+++ b/core/txpool/blobpool/blobpool.go
@@ -355,7 +355,13 @@ func (p *BlobPool) Init(gasTip *big.Int, head *types.Header, reserve txpool.Addr
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+	// Initialize the state with head block, or fallback to empty one in
+	// case the head state is not available(might occur when node is not
+	// fully synced).
 	state, err := p.chain.StateAt(head.Root)
+	if err != nil {
+		state, err = p.chain.StateAt(types.EmptyRootHash)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go b/core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go
index f1b960510a30..2430028f9d99 100644
--- a/core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go
+++ b/core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go
@@ -298,7 +298,20 @@ func (pool *LegacyPool) Init(gasTip *big.Int, head *types.Header, reserve txpool
 
 	// Set the basic pool parameters
 	pool.gasTip.Store(gasTip)
-	pool.reset(nil, head)
+
+	// Initialize the state with head block, or fallback to empty one in
+	// case the head state is not available(might occur when node is not
+	// fully synced).
+	statedb, err := pool.chain.StateAt(head.Root)
+	if err != nil {
+		statedb, err = pool.chain.StateAt(types.EmptyRootHash)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pool.currentHead.Store(head)
+	pool.currentState = statedb
+	pool.pendingNonces = newNoncer(statedb)
 
 	// Start the reorg loop early, so it can handle requests generated during
 	// journal loading.
diff --git a/eth/api_backend.go b/eth/api_backend.go
index dea745382eac..a0c14f1338da 100644
--- a/eth/api_backend.go
+++ b/eth/api_backend.go
@@ -204,7 +204,10 @@ func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAndHeaderByNumber(ctx context.Context, number rpc.B
 		return nil, nil, errors.New("header not found")
 	}
 	stateDb, err := b.eth.BlockChain().StateAt(header.Root)
-	return stateDb, header, err
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return stateDb, header, nil
 }
 
 func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAndHeaderByNumberOrHash(ctx context.Context, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumberOrHash) (*state.StateDB, *types.Header, error) {
@@ -223,7 +226,10 @@ func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAndHeaderByNumberOrHash(ctx context.Context, blockN
 			return nil, nil, errors.New("hash is not currently canonical")
 		}
 		stateDb, err := b.eth.BlockChain().StateAt(header.Root)
-		return stateDb, header, err
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		return stateDb, header, nil
 	}
 	return nil, nil, errors.New("invalid arguments; neither block nor hash specified")
 }
diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go
index b99ae7655b57..af035177925e 100644
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ func (s *Ethereum) Engine() consensus.Engine           { return s.engine }
 func (s *Ethereum) ChainDb() ethdb.Database            { return s.chainDb }
 func (s *Ethereum) IsListening() bool                  { return true } // Always listening
 func (s *Ethereum) Downloader() *downloader.Downloader { return s.handler.downloader }
-func (s *Ethereum) Synced() bool                       { return s.handler.acceptTxs.Load() }
+func (s *Ethereum) Synced() bool                       { return s.handler.synced.Load() }
 func (s *Ethereum) SetSynced()                         { s.handler.enableSyncedFeatures() }
 func (s *Ethereum) ArchiveMode() bool                  { return s.config.NoPruning }
 func (s *Ethereum) BloomIndexer() *core.ChainIndexer   { return s.bloomIndexer }
diff --git a/eth/downloader/downloader.go b/eth/downloader/downloader.go
index 732e79f8baca..7fed48bdb2b9 100644
--- a/eth/downloader/downloader.go
+++ b/eth/downloader/downloader.go
@@ -403,7 +403,9 @@ func (d *Downloader) synchronise(id string, hash common.Hash, td, ttd *big.Int,
 		// subsequent state reads, explicitly disable the trie database and state
 		// syncer is responsible to address and correct any state missing.
 		if d.blockchain.TrieDB().Scheme() == rawdb.PathScheme {
-			d.blockchain.TrieDB().Reset(types.EmptyRootHash)
+			if err := d.blockchain.TrieDB().Disable(); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 		}
 		// Snap sync uses the snapshot namespace to store potentially flaky data until
 		// sync completely heals and finishes. Pause snapshot maintenance in the mean-
diff --git a/eth/handler.go b/eth/handler.go
index a629ec5ee9d1..59040442e4db 100644
--- a/eth/handler.go
+++ b/eth/handler.go
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ type handler struct {
 	networkID  uint64
 	forkFilter forkid.Filter // Fork ID filter, constant across the lifetime of the node
 
-	snapSync  atomic.Bool // Flag whether snap sync is enabled (gets disabled if we already have blocks)
-	acceptTxs atomic.Bool // Flag whether we're considered synchronised (enables transaction processing)
+	snapSync atomic.Bool // Flag whether snap sync is enabled (gets disabled if we already have blocks)
+	synced   atomic.Bool // Flag whether we're considered synchronised (enables transaction processing)
 
 	database ethdb.Database
 	txpool   txPool
@@ -163,32 +163,24 @@ func newHandler(config *handlerConfig) (*handler, error) {
 		fullBlock, snapBlock := h.chain.CurrentBlock(), h.chain.CurrentSnapBlock()
 		if fullBlock.Number.Uint64() == 0 && snapBlock.Number.Uint64() > 0 {
 			h.snapSync.Store(true)
-			log.Warn("Switch sync mode from full sync to snap sync")
+			log.Warn("Switch sync mode from full sync to snap sync", "reason", "snap sync incomplete")
+		} else if !h.chain.HasState(fullBlock.Root) {
+			h.snapSync.Store(true)
+			log.Warn("Switch sync mode from full sync to snap sync", "reason", "head state missing")
 		}
 	} else {
-		if h.chain.CurrentBlock().Number.Uint64() > 0 {
+		head := h.chain.CurrentBlock()
+		if head.Number.Uint64() > 0 && h.chain.HasState(head.Root) {
 			// Print warning log if database is not empty to run snap sync.
-			log.Warn("Switch sync mode from snap sync to full sync")
+			log.Warn("Switch sync mode from snap sync to full sync", "reason", "snap sync complete")
 		} else {
 			// If snap sync was requested and our database is empty, grant it
 			h.snapSync.Store(true)
+			log.Info("Enabled snap sync", "head", head.Number, "hash", head.Hash())
 		}
 	}
-	// If sync succeeds, pass a callback to potentially disable snap sync mode
-	// and enable transaction propagation.
-	success := func() {
-		// If we were running snap sync and it finished, disable doing another
-		// round on next sync cycle
-		if h.snapSync.Load() {
-			log.Info("Snap sync complete, auto disabling")
-			h.snapSync.Store(false)
-		}
-		// If we've successfully finished a sync cycle, accept transactions from
-		// the network
-		h.enableSyncedFeatures()
-	}
 	// Construct the downloader (long sync)
-	h.downloader = downloader.New(config.Database, h.eventMux, h.chain, nil, h.removePeer, success)
+	h.downloader = downloader.New(config.Database, h.eventMux, h.chain, nil, h.removePeer, h.enableSyncedFeatures)
 	if ttd := h.chain.Config().TerminalTotalDifficulty; ttd != nil {
 		if h.chain.Config().TerminalTotalDifficultyPassed {
 			log.Info("Chain post-merge, sync via beacon client")
@@ -245,8 +237,8 @@ func newHandler(config *handlerConfig) (*handler, error) {
 		// accept each others' blocks until a restart. Unfortunately we haven't figured
 		// out a way yet where nodes can decide unilaterally whether the network is new
 		// or not. This should be fixed if we figure out a solution.
-		if h.snapSync.Load() {
-			log.Warn("Snap syncing, discarded propagated block", "number", blocks[0].Number(), "hash", blocks[0].Hash())
+		if !h.synced.Load() {
+			log.Warn("Syncing, discarded propagated block", "number", blocks[0].Number(), "hash", blocks[0].Hash())
 			return 0, nil
 		}
 		if h.merger.TDDReached() {
@@ -272,11 +264,7 @@ func newHandler(config *handlerConfig) (*handler, error) {
 			}
 			return 0, nil
 		}
-		n, err := h.chain.InsertChain(blocks)
-		if err == nil {
-			h.enableSyncedFeatures() // Mark initial sync done on any fetcher import
-		}
-		return n, err
+		return h.chain.InsertChain(blocks)
 	}
 	h.blockFetcher = fetcher.NewBlockFetcher(false, nil, h.chain.GetBlockByHash, validator, h.BroadcastBlock, heighter, nil, inserter, h.removePeer)
 
@@ -680,7 +668,15 @@ func (h *handler) txBroadcastLoop() {
 // enableSyncedFeatures enables the post-sync functionalities when the initial
 // sync is finished.
 func (h *handler) enableSyncedFeatures() {
-	h.acceptTxs.Store(true)
+	// Mark the local node as synced.
+	h.synced.Store(true)
+
+	// If we were running snap sync and it finished, disable doing another
+	// round on next sync cycle
+	if h.snapSync.Load() {
+		log.Info("Snap sync complete, auto disabling")
+		h.snapSync.Store(false)
+	}
 	if h.chain.TrieDB().Scheme() == rawdb.PathScheme {
 		h.chain.TrieDB().SetBufferSize(pathdb.DefaultBufferSize)
 	}
diff --git a/eth/handler_eth.go b/eth/handler_eth.go
index 3a5e6608bb36..2aba16f92800 100644
--- a/eth/handler_eth.go
+++ b/eth/handler_eth.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func (h *ethHandler) PeerInfo(id enode.ID) interface{} {
 // AcceptTxs retrieves whether transaction processing is enabled on the node
 // or if inbound transactions should simply be dropped.
 func (h *ethHandler) AcceptTxs() bool {
-	return h.acceptTxs.Load()
+	return h.synced.Load()
 }
 
 // Handle is invoked from a peer's message handler when it receives a new remote
diff --git a/eth/handler_eth_test.go b/eth/handler_eth_test.go
index 41619fe3000c..a16abc5ed690 100644
--- a/eth/handler_eth_test.go
+++ b/eth/handler_eth_test.go
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ func testRecvTransactions(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
 	handler := newTestHandler()
 	defer handler.close()
 
-	handler.handler.acceptTxs.Store(true) // mark synced to accept transactions
+	handler.handler.synced.Store(true) // mark synced to accept transactions
 
 	txs := make(chan core.NewTxsEvent)
 	sub := handler.txpool.SubscribeNewTxsEvent(txs)
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ func testTransactionPropagation(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
 		sinks[i] = newTestHandler()
 		defer sinks[i].close()
 
-		sinks[i].handler.acceptTxs.Store(true) // mark synced to accept transactions
+		sinks[i].handler.synced.Store(true) // mark synced to accept transactions
 	}
 	// Interconnect all the sink handlers with the source handler
 	for i, sink := range sinks {
diff --git a/eth/sync.go b/eth/sync.go
index ba7a7427a51a..c7ba7c93d6e9 100644
--- a/eth/sync.go
+++ b/eth/sync.go
@@ -197,16 +197,25 @@ func (cs *chainSyncer) modeAndLocalHead() (downloader.SyncMode, *big.Int) {
 		return downloader.SnapSync, td
 	}
 	// We are probably in full sync, but we might have rewound to before the
-	// snap sync pivot, check if we should reenable
+	// snap sync pivot, check if we should re-enable snap sync.
+	head := cs.handler.chain.CurrentBlock()
 	if pivot := rawdb.ReadLastPivotNumber(cs.handler.database); pivot != nil {
-		if head := cs.handler.chain.CurrentBlock(); head.Number.Uint64() < *pivot {
+		if head.Number.Uint64() < *pivot {
 			block := cs.handler.chain.CurrentSnapBlock()
 			td := cs.handler.chain.GetTd(block.Hash(), block.Number.Uint64())
 			return downloader.SnapSync, td
 		}
 	}
+	// We are in a full sync, but the associated head state is missing. To complete
+	// the head state, forcefully rerun the snap sync. Note it doesn't mean the
+	// persistent state is corrupted, just mismatch with the head block.
+	if !cs.handler.chain.HasState(head.Root) {
+		block := cs.handler.chain.CurrentSnapBlock()
+		td := cs.handler.chain.GetTd(block.Hash(), block.Number.Uint64())
+		log.Info("Reenabled snap sync as chain is stateless")
+		return downloader.SnapSync, td
+	}
 	// Nope, we're really full syncing
-	head := cs.handler.chain.CurrentBlock()
 	td := cs.handler.chain.GetTd(head.Hash(), head.Number.Uint64())
 	return downloader.FullSync, td
 }
@@ -242,13 +251,7 @@ func (h *handler) doSync(op *chainSyncOp) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if h.snapSync.Load() {
-		log.Info("Snap sync complete, auto disabling")
-		h.snapSync.Store(false)
-	}
-	// If we've successfully finished a sync cycle, enable accepting transactions
-	// from the network.
-	h.acceptTxs.Store(true)
+	h.enableSyncedFeatures()
 
 	head := h.chain.CurrentBlock()
 	if head.Number.Uint64() > 0 {
diff --git a/miner/miner_test.go b/miner/miner_test.go
index 489bc46a911a..36d5166c6dbe 100644
--- a/miner/miner_test.go
+++ b/miner/miner_test.go
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ func (m *mockBackend) StateAtBlock(block *types.Block, reexec uint64, base *stat
 }
 
 type testBlockChain struct {
+	root          common.Hash
 	config        *params.ChainConfig
 	statedb       *state.StateDB
 	gasLimit      uint64
@@ -89,6 +90,10 @@ func (bc *testBlockChain) StateAt(common.Hash) (*state.StateDB, error) {
 	return bc.statedb, nil
 }
 
+func (bc *testBlockChain) HasState(root common.Hash) bool {
+	return bc.root == root
+}
+
 func (bc *testBlockChain) SubscribeChainHeadEvent(ch chan<- core.ChainHeadEvent) event.Subscription {
 	return bc.chainHeadFeed.Subscribe(ch)
 }
@@ -302,7 +307,7 @@ func createMiner(t *testing.T) (*Miner, *event.TypeMux, func(skipMiner bool)) {
 		t.Fatalf("can't create new chain %v", err)
 	}
 	statedb, _ := state.New(bc.Genesis().Root(), bc.StateCache(), nil)
-	blockchain := &testBlockChain{chainConfig, statedb, 10000000, new(event.Feed)}
+	blockchain := &testBlockChain{bc.Genesis().Root(), chainConfig, statedb, 10000000, new(event.Feed)}
 
 	pool := legacypool.New(testTxPoolConfig, blockchain)
 	txpool, _ := txpool.New(new(big.Int).SetUint64(testTxPoolConfig.PriceLimit), blockchain, []txpool.SubPool{pool})
diff --git a/trie/database.go b/trie/database.go
index 535ad87d727a..1e59f0908f38 100644
--- a/trie/database.go
+++ b/trie/database.go
@@ -273,15 +273,27 @@ func (db *Database) Recoverable(root common.Hash) (bool, error) {
 	return pdb.Recoverable(root), nil
 }
 
-// Reset wipes all available journal from the persistent database and discard
-// all caches and diff layers. Using the given root to create a new disk layer.
+// Disable deactivates the database and invalidates all available state layers
+// as stale to prevent access to the persistent state, which is in the syncing
+// stage.
+//
 // It's only supported by path-based database and will return an error for others.
-func (db *Database) Reset(root common.Hash) error {
+func (db *Database) Disable() error {
+	pdb, ok := db.backend.(*pathdb.Database)
+	if !ok {
+		return errors.New("not supported")
+	}
+	return pdb.Disable()
+}
+
+// Enable activates database and resets the state tree with the provided persistent
+// state root once the state sync is finished.
+func (db *Database) Enable(root common.Hash) error {
 	pdb, ok := db.backend.(*pathdb.Database)
 	if !ok {
 		return errors.New("not supported")
 	}
-	return pdb.Reset(root)
+	return pdb.Enable(root)
 }
 
 // Journal commits an entire diff hierarchy to disk into a single journal entry.
diff --git a/trie/triedb/pathdb/database.go b/trie/triedb/pathdb/database.go
index 18cc36ffc341..dc64414e9b52 100644
--- a/trie/triedb/pathdb/database.go
+++ b/trie/triedb/pathdb/database.go
@@ -128,7 +128,8 @@ type Database struct {
 	// readOnly is the flag whether the mutation is allowed to be applied.
 	// It will be set automatically when the database is journaled during
 	// the shutdown to reject all following unexpected mutations.
-	readOnly   bool                     // Indicator if database is opened in read only mode
+	readOnly   bool                     // Flag if database is opened in read only mode
+	waitSync   bool                     // Flag if database is deactivated due to initial state sync
 	bufferSize int                      // Memory allowance (in bytes) for caching dirty nodes
 	config     *Config                  // Configuration for database
 	diskdb     ethdb.Database           // Persistent storage for matured trie nodes
@@ -179,6 +180,12 @@ func New(diskdb ethdb.Database, config *Config) *Database {
 			log.Warn("Truncated extra state histories", "number", pruned)
 		}
 	}
+	// Disable database in case node is still in the initial state sync stage.
+	if rawdb.ReadSnapSyncStatusFlag(diskdb) == rawdb.StateSyncRunning && !db.readOnly {
+		if err := db.Disable(); err != nil {
+			log.Crit("Failed to disable database", "err", err) // impossible to happen
+		}
+	}
 	log.Warn("Path-based state scheme is an experimental feature")
 	return db
 }
@@ -204,9 +211,9 @@ func (db *Database) Update(root common.Hash, parentRoot common.Hash, block uint6
 	db.lock.Lock()
 	defer db.lock.Unlock()
 
-	// Short circuit if the database is in read only mode.
-	if db.readOnly {
-		return errSnapshotReadOnly
+	// Short circuit if the mutation is not allowed.
+	if err := db.modifyAllowed(); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	if err := db.tree.add(root, parentRoot, block, nodes, states); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -227,45 +234,59 @@ func (db *Database) Commit(root common.Hash, report bool) error {
 	db.lock.Lock()
 	defer db.lock.Unlock()
 
-	// Short circuit if the database is in read only mode.
-	if db.readOnly {
-		return errSnapshotReadOnly
+	// Short circuit if the mutation is not allowed.
+	if err := db.modifyAllowed(); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	return db.tree.cap(root, 0)
 }
 
-// Reset rebuilds the database with the specified state as the base.
-//
-//   - if target state is empty, clear the stored state and all layers on top
-//   - if target state is non-empty, ensure the stored state matches with it
-//     and clear all other layers on top.
-func (db *Database) Reset(root common.Hash) error {
+// Disable deactivates the database and invalidates all available state layers
+// as stale to prevent access to the persistent state, which is in the syncing
+// stage.
+func (db *Database) Disable() error {
 	db.lock.Lock()
 	defer db.lock.Unlock()
 
 	// Short circuit if the database is in read only mode.
 	if db.readOnly {
-		return errSnapshotReadOnly
+		return errDatabaseReadOnly
 	}
-	batch := db.diskdb.NewBatch()
-	root = types.TrieRootHash(root)
-	if root == types.EmptyRootHash {
-		// Empty state is requested as the target, nuke out
-		// the root node and leave all others as dangling.
-		rawdb.DeleteAccountTrieNode(batch, nil)
-	} else {
-		// Ensure the requested state is existent before any
-		// action is applied.
-		_, hash := rawdb.ReadAccountTrieNode(db.diskdb, nil)
-		if hash != root {
-			return fmt.Errorf("state is mismatched, local: %x, target: %x", hash, root)
-		}
+	// Prevent duplicated disable operation.
+	if db.waitSync {
+		log.Error("Reject duplicated disable operation")
+		return nil
 	}
-	// Mark the disk layer as stale before applying any mutation.
+	db.waitSync = true
+
+	// Mark the disk layer as stale to prevent access to persistent state.
 	db.tree.bottom().markStale()
 
+	// Write the initial sync flag to persist it across restarts.
+	rawdb.WriteSnapSyncStatusFlag(db.diskdb, rawdb.StateSyncRunning)
+	log.Info("Disabled trie database due to state sync")
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Enable activates database and resets the state tree with the provided persistent
+// state root once the state sync is finished.
+func (db *Database) Enable(root common.Hash) error {
+	db.lock.Lock()
+	defer db.lock.Unlock()
+
+	// Short circuit if the database is in read only mode.
+	if db.readOnly {
+		return errDatabaseReadOnly
+	}
+	// Ensure the provided state root matches the stored one.
+	root = types.TrieRootHash(root)
+	_, stored := rawdb.ReadAccountTrieNode(db.diskdb, nil)
+	if stored != root {
+		return fmt.Errorf("state root mismatch: stored %x, synced %x", stored, root)
+	}
 	// Drop the stale state journal in persistent database and
 	// reset the persistent state id back to zero.
+	batch := db.diskdb.NewBatch()
 	rawdb.DeleteTrieJournal(batch)
 	rawdb.WritePersistentStateID(batch, 0)
 	if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
@@ -282,8 +303,11 @@ func (db *Database) Reset(root common.Hash) error {
 	}
 	// Re-construct a new disk layer backed by persistent state
 	// with **empty clean cache and node buffer**.
-	dl := newDiskLayer(root, 0, db, nil, newNodeBuffer(db.bufferSize, nil, 0))
-	db.tree.reset(dl)
+	db.tree.reset(newDiskLayer(root, 0, db, nil, newNodeBuffer(db.bufferSize, nil, 0)))
+
+	// Re-enable the database as the final step.
+	db.waitSync = false
+	rawdb.WriteSnapSyncStatusFlag(db.diskdb, rawdb.StateSyncFinished)
 	log.Info("Rebuilt trie database", "root", root)
 	return nil
 }
@@ -296,7 +320,10 @@ func (db *Database) Recover(root common.Hash, loader triestate.TrieLoader) error
 	defer db.lock.Unlock()
 
 	// Short circuit if rollback operation is not supported.
-	if db.readOnly || db.freezer == nil {
+	if err := db.modifyAllowed(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if db.freezer == nil {
 		return errors.New("state rollback is non-supported")
 	}
 	// Short circuit if the target state is not recoverable.
@@ -424,3 +451,15 @@ func (db *Database) SetBufferSize(size int) error {
 func (db *Database) Scheme() string {
 	return rawdb.PathScheme
 }
+
+// modifyAllowed returns the indicator if mutation is allowed. This function
+// assumes the db.lock is already held.
+func (db *Database) modifyAllowed() error {
+	if db.readOnly {
+		return errDatabaseReadOnly
+	}
+	if db.waitSync {
+		return errDatabaseWaitSync
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/trie/triedb/pathdb/database_test.go b/trie/triedb/pathdb/database_test.go
index 6d346d20ea0b..912364f7f44a 100644
--- a/trie/triedb/pathdb/database_test.go
+++ b/trie/triedb/pathdb/database_test.go
@@ -439,38 +439,39 @@ func TestDatabaseRecoverable(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestReset(t *testing.T) {
-	var (
-		tester = newTester(t)
-		index  = tester.bottomIndex()
-	)
+func TestDisable(t *testing.T) {
+	tester := newTester(t)
 	defer tester.release()
 
-	// Reset database to unknown target, should reject it
-	if err := tester.db.Reset(testutil.RandomHash()); err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("Failed to reject invalid reset")
+	_, stored := rawdb.ReadAccountTrieNode(tester.db.diskdb, nil)
+	if err := tester.db.Disable(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("Failed to deactivate database")
 	}
-	// Reset database to state persisted in the disk
-	if err := tester.db.Reset(types.EmptyRootHash); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to reset database %v", err)
+	if err := tester.db.Enable(types.EmptyRootHash); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Invalid activation should be rejected")
 	}
+	if err := tester.db.Enable(stored); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("Failed to activate database")
+	}
+
 	// Ensure journal is deleted from disk
 	if blob := rawdb.ReadTrieJournal(tester.db.diskdb); len(blob) != 0 {
 		t.Fatal("Failed to clean journal")
 	}
 	// Ensure all trie histories are removed
-	for i := 0; i <= index; i++ {
-		_, err := readHistory(tester.db.freezer, uint64(i+1))
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Failed to clean state history, index %d", i+1)
-		}
+	n, err := tester.db.freezer.Ancients()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("Failed to clean state history")
+	}
+	if n != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("Failed to clean state history")
 	}
 	// Verify layer tree structure, single disk layer is expected
 	if tester.db.tree.len() != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("Extra layer kept %d", tester.db.tree.len())
 	}
-	if tester.db.tree.bottom().rootHash() != types.EmptyRootHash {
-		t.Fatalf("Root hash is not matched exp %x got %x", types.EmptyRootHash, tester.db.tree.bottom().rootHash())
+	if tester.db.tree.bottom().rootHash() != stored {
+		t.Fatalf("Root hash is not matched exp %x got %x", stored, tester.db.tree.bottom().rootHash())
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/trie/triedb/pathdb/errors.go b/trie/triedb/pathdb/errors.go
index f6ac0ec4a024..78ee4459fe50 100644
--- a/trie/triedb/pathdb/errors.go
+++ b/trie/triedb/pathdb/errors.go
@@ -25,9 +25,13 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	// errSnapshotReadOnly is returned if the database is opened in read only mode
-	// and mutation is requested.
-	errSnapshotReadOnly = errors.New("read only")
+	// errDatabaseReadOnly is returned if the database is opened in read only mode
+	// to prevent any mutation.
+	errDatabaseReadOnly = errors.New("read only")
+
+	// errDatabaseWaitSync is returned if the initial state sync is not completed
+	// yet and database is disabled to prevent accessing state.
+	errDatabaseWaitSync = errors.New("waiting for sync")
 
 	// errSnapshotStale is returned from data accessors if the underlying layer
 	// layer had been invalidated due to the chain progressing forward far enough
diff --git a/trie/triedb/pathdb/journal.go b/trie/triedb/pathdb/journal.go
index ea90207f298d..ac770763e38d 100644
--- a/trie/triedb/pathdb/journal.go
+++ b/trie/triedb/pathdb/journal.go
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ func (db *Database) Journal(root common.Hash) error {
 
 	// Short circuit if the database is in read only mode.
 	if db.readOnly {
-		return errSnapshotReadOnly
+		return errDatabaseReadOnly
 	}
 	// Firstly write out the metadata of journal
 	journal := new(bytes.Buffer)

From dc34fe8291bfcaefbce97f559e9610beffb2e470 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?P=C3=A9ter=20Szil=C3=A1gyi?= <peterke@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 10:22:09 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 33/33] params: release Geth v1.13.2

---
 params/version.go | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/params/version.go b/params/version.go
index 56d5a99a8008..5941701b6858 100644
--- a/params/version.go
+++ b/params/version.go
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	VersionMajor = 1          // Major version component of the current release
-	VersionMinor = 13         // Minor version component of the current release
-	VersionPatch = 2          // Patch version component of the current release
-	VersionMeta  = "unstable" // Version metadata to append to the version string
+	VersionMajor = 1        // Major version component of the current release
+	VersionMinor = 13       // Minor version component of the current release
+	VersionPatch = 2        // Patch version component of the current release
+	VersionMeta  = "stable" // Version metadata to append to the version string
 )
 
 // Version holds the textual version string.