diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index fe2959a354c5..a246ce645389 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -38,9 +38,44 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        node-version: [16]
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
-        e2e-browser: ['chromium']
+        include:
+          - node-version: 16
+            os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
+            e2e-browser: 'chromium'
+          - node-version: 18
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+            e2e-browser: 'chromium'
+    env:
+      TURBO_CACHE_KEY: ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.node-version }}
+      KIT_E2E_BROWSER: ${{matrix.e2e-browser}}
+    steps:
+      - run: git config --global core.autocrlf false
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v2.2.4
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        with:
+          node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
+          cache: pnpm
+      - run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+      - run: pnpm playwright install ${{ matrix.e2e-browser }}
+      - run: pnpm test
+      - name: Archive test results
+        if: failure()
+        shell: bash
+        run: find packages -type d -name test-results -not -empty | tar -czf test-results.tar.gz --files-from=-
+      - name: Upload test results
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          retention-days: 3
+          name: test-failure-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.node-version }}-${{ matrix.e2e-browser }}
+          path: test-results.tar.gz
+  Cross-browser-test:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
         include:
           - node-version: 16
             os: ubuntu-latest
@@ -48,9 +83,6 @@ jobs:
           - node-version: 16
             os: macOS-latest
             e2e-browser: 'webkit'
-          - node-version: 18
-            os: ubuntu-latest
-            e2e-browser: 'chromium'
     env:
       TURBO_CACHE_KEY: ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.node-version }}
       KIT_E2E_BROWSER: ${{matrix.e2e-browser}}
@@ -64,7 +96,7 @@ jobs:
           cache: pnpm
       - run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
       - run: pnpm playwright install ${{ matrix.e2e-browser }}
-      - run: pnpm test
+      - run: pnpm test:cross-browser
       - name: Archive test results
         if: failure()
         shell: bash
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 70b9771dcc95..e50d3a5cffe3 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 	"private": true,
 	"scripts": {
 		"test": "turbo run test --filter=./packages/*",
+		"test:cross-browser": "turbo run test:cross-browser --filter=./packages/*",
 		"test:vite-ecosystem-ci": "pnpm test --dir packages/kit",
 		"check": "turbo run check",
 		"lint": "turbo run lint",
diff --git a/packages/kit/package.json b/packages/kit/package.json
index a3ca83698a58..31078be85a12 100644
--- a/packages/kit/package.json
+++ b/packages/kit/package.json
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
 		"format": "pnpm lint --write",
 		"test": "pnpm test:unit && pnpm test:integration",
 		"test:integration": "pnpm -r --workspace-concurrency 1 --filter=\"./test/**\" test",
+		"test:cross-browser": "pnpm -r --workspace-concurrency 1 --filter=\"./test/**\" test:cross-browser",
 		"test:unit": "uvu src \"(spec\\.js|test[\\\\/]index\\.js)\"",
 		"postinstall": "node postinstall.js"
 	},
diff --git a/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/package.json b/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/package.json
index 6257ff4b4556..0fe2c3750a4a 100644
--- a/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/package.json
+++ b/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/package.json
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@
 		"check": "svelte-kit sync && tsc && svelte-check",
 		"test": "node test/setup.js && pnpm test:dev && pnpm test:build",
 		"test:dev": "rimraf test/errors.json && cross-env DEV=true playwright test",
-		"test:build": "rimraf test/errors.json && playwright test"
+		"test:build": "rimraf test/errors.json && playwright test",
+		"test:cross-browser": "npm run test:cross-browser:dev && npm run test:cross-browser:build",
+		"test:cross-browser:dev": "node test/setup.js && rimraf test/errors.json && cross-env DEV=true playwright test test/cross-browser/",
+		"test:cross-browser:build": "node test/setup.js && rimraf test/errors.json && playwright test test/cross-browser/"
 	},
 	"devDependencies": {
 		"@sveltejs/kit": "workspace:^",
diff --git a/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/test/client.test.js b/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/test/client.test.js
index f4fa88f8008a..4ff03270be9b 100644
--- a/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/test/client.test.js
+++ b/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/test/client.test.js
@@ -8,95 +8,13 @@ test.skip(({ javaScriptEnabled }) => !javaScriptEnabled);
 test.describe.configure({ mode: 'parallel' });
 
 test.describe('a11y', () => {
-	test('resets focus', async ({ page, clicknav, browserName }) => {
-		const tab = browserName === 'webkit' ? 'Alt+Tab' : 'Tab';
+	test('applies autofocus after an enhanced form submit', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/accessibility/autofocus/b');
 
-		await page.goto('/accessibility/a');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/accessibility/b"]');
-		expect(await page.innerHTML('h1')).toBe('b');
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).nodeName)).toBe('BODY');
-		await page.keyboard.press(tab);
-
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).nodeName)).toBe('BUTTON');
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).textContent)).toBe('focus me');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/accessibility/a"]');
-		expect(await page.innerHTML('h1')).toBe('a');
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).nodeName)).toBe('BODY');
-
-		await page.keyboard.press(tab);
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).nodeName)).toBe('BUTTON');
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).textContent)).toBe('focus me');
-
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => document.documentElement.getAttribute('tabindex'))).toBe(null);
-	});
-
-	test('applies autofocus after a navigation', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/accessibility/autofocus/a');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/accessibility/autofocus/b"]');
-		expect(await page.innerHTML('h1')).toBe('b');
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).nodeName)).toBe('INPUT');
-	});
-
-	(process.env.KIT_E2E_BROWSER === 'webkit' ? test.skip : test)(
-		'applies autofocus after an enhanced form submit',
-		async ({ page }) => {
-			await page.goto('/accessibility/autofocus/b');
-
-			await page.click('#submit');
-			await page.waitForFunction(() => document.activeElement?.nodeName === 'INPUT', null, {
-				timeout: 1000
-			});
-		}
-	);
-
-	test('announces client-side navigation', async ({ page, clicknav, javaScriptEnabled }) => {
-		await page.goto('/accessibility/a');
-
-		const has_live_region = (await page.innerHTML('body')).includes('aria-live');
-
-		if (javaScriptEnabled) {
-			expect(has_live_region).toBeTruthy();
-
-			// live region should exist, but be empty
-			expect(await page.innerHTML('[aria-live]')).toBe('');
-
-			await clicknav('[href="/accessibility/b"]');
-			expect(await page.innerHTML('[aria-live]')).toBe('b'); // TODO i18n
-		} else {
-			expect(has_live_region).toBeFalsy();
-		}
-	});
-
-	test('reset selection', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/selection/a');
-
-		expect(
-			await page.evaluate(() => {
-				const range = document.createRange();
-				range.selectNodeContents(document.body);
-				const selection = getSelection();
-				if (selection) {
-					selection.removeAllRanges();
-					selection.addRange(range);
-					return selection.rangeCount;
-				}
-				return -1;
-			})
-		).toBe(1);
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/selection/b"]');
-		expect(
-			await page.evaluate(() => {
-				const selection = getSelection();
-				if (selection) {
-					return selection.rangeCount;
-				}
-				return -1;
-			})
-		).toBe(0);
+		await page.click('#submit');
+		await page.waitForFunction(() => document.activeElement?.nodeName === 'INPUT', null, {
+			timeout: 1000
+		});
 	});
 });
 
@@ -113,294 +31,6 @@ test.describe('Caching', () => {
 	});
 });
 
-test.describe('beforeNavigate', () => {
-	test('prevents navigation triggered by link click', async ({ page, baseURL }) => {
-		await page.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-
-		await page.click('[href="/before-navigate/a"]');
-		await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle');
-
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-		expect(await page.innerHTML('pre')).toBe('1 false link');
-	});
-
-	test('prevents navigation to external', async ({ page, baseURL }) => {
-		await page.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-		await page.click('h1'); // The browsers block attempts to prevent navigation on a frame that's never had a user gesture.
-
-		page.on('dialog', (dialog) => dialog.dismiss());
-
-		page.click('a[href="https://google.de"]'); // do NOT await this, promise only resolves after successful navigation, which never happens
-		await page.waitForTimeout(500);
-		await expect(page.locator('pre')).toHaveText('1 true link');
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-	});
-
-	test('prevents navigation triggered by goto', async ({ page, app, baseURL }) => {
-		await page.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-		await app.goto('/before-navigate/a');
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-		expect(await page.innerHTML('pre')).toBe('1 false goto');
-	});
-
-	test('prevents external navigation triggered by goto', async ({ page, app, baseURL }) => {
-		await page.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-		await app.goto('https://google.de');
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-		expect(await page.innerHTML('pre')).toBe('1 true goto');
-	});
-
-	test('prevents navigation triggered by back button', async ({ page, app, baseURL }) => {
-		await page.goto('/before-navigate/a');
-		await app.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-		await page.click('h1'); // The browsers block attempts to prevent navigation on a frame that's never had a user gesture.
-
-		await page.goBack();
-		expect(await page.innerHTML('pre')).toBe('1 false popstate');
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-	});
-
-	test('prevents unload', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-		await page.click('h1'); // The browsers block attempts to prevent navigation on a frame that's never had a user gesture.
-		const type = new Promise((fulfil) => {
-			page.on('dialog', async (dialog) => {
-				fulfil(dialog.type());
-				await dialog.dismiss();
-			});
-		});
-
-		await page.close({ runBeforeUnload: true });
-		expect(await type).toBe('beforeunload');
-		expect(await page.innerHTML('pre')).toBe('1 true leave');
-	});
-
-	test('is not triggered on redirect', async ({ page, baseURL }) => {
-		await page.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-
-		await page.click('[href="/before-navigate/redirect"]');
-		await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle');
-
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-		expect(await page.innerHTML('pre')).toBe('1 false link');
-	});
-
-	test('is not triggered on target=_blank', async ({ page, baseURL }) => {
-		await page.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-
-		await page.click('a[href="https://google.com"]');
-		await page.waitForTimeout(500);
-
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
-		expect(await page.innerHTML('pre')).toBe('0 false undefined');
-	});
-});
-
-test.describe('Scrolling', () => {
-	test('url-supplied anchor works on direct page load', async ({ page, in_view }) => {
-		await page.goto('/anchor/anchor#go-to-element');
-		expect(await in_view('#go-to-element')).toBe(true);
-	});
-
-	test('url-supplied anchor works on navigation to page', async ({ page, in_view, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/anchor');
-		await clicknav('#first-anchor');
-		expect(await in_view('#go-to-element')).toBe(true);
-	});
-
-	test('url-supplied anchor works when navigated from scrolled page', async ({
-		page,
-		clicknav,
-		in_view
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/anchor');
-		await clicknav('#second-anchor');
-		expect(await in_view('#go-to-element')).toBe(true);
-	});
-
-	test('no-anchor url will scroll to top when navigated from scrolled page', async ({
-		page,
-		clicknav
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/anchor');
-		await clicknav('#third-anchor');
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => scrollY === 0)).toBeTruthy();
-	});
-
-	test('url-supplied anchor works when navigated from bottom of page', async ({
-		page,
-		clicknav,
-		in_view
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/anchor');
-		await clicknav('#last-anchor');
-		expect(await in_view('#go-to-element')).toBe(true);
-	});
-
-	test('no-anchor url will scroll to top when navigated from bottom of page', async ({
-		clicknav,
-		page
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/anchor');
-		await clicknav('#last-anchor-2');
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => scrollY === 0)).toBeTruthy();
-	});
-
-	test('scroll is restored after hitting the back button', async ({ baseURL, clicknav, page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/anchor');
-		await page.locator('#scroll-anchor').click();
-		const originalScrollY = /** @type {number} */ (await page.evaluate(() => scrollY));
-		await clicknav('#routing-page');
-		await page.goBack();
-		await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle');
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/anchor#last-anchor-2');
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => scrollY)).toEqual(originalScrollY);
-
-		await page.goBack();
-		await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle');
-
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/anchor');
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => scrollY)).toEqual(0);
-	});
-
-	test('scroll is restored after hitting the back button for an in-app cross-document navigation', async ({
-		page,
-		clicknav
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/scroll/cross-document/a');
-
-		const rect = await page.locator('[href="/scroll/cross-document/b"]').boundingBox();
-		const height = await page.evaluate(() => innerHeight);
-		if (!rect) throw new Error('Could not determine bounding box');
-
-		const target_scroll_y = rect.y + rect.height - height;
-		await page.evaluate((y) => scrollTo(0, y), target_scroll_y);
-
-		await page.locator('[href="/scroll/cross-document/b"]').click();
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('b');
-		await page.waitForSelector('body.started');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/scroll/cross-document/c"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('c');
-
-		await page.goBack(); // client-side back
-		await page.goBack(); // native back
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('a');
-		await page.waitForSelector('body.started');
-
-		await page.waitForTimeout(250); // needed for the test to fail reliably without the fix
-
-		const scroll_y = await page.evaluate(() => scrollY);
-
-		expect(Math.abs(scroll_y - target_scroll_y)).toBeLessThan(50); // we need a few pixels wiggle room, because browsers
-	});
-
-	test('url-supplied anchor is ignored with onMount() scrolling on direct page load', async ({
-		page,
-		in_view
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/anchor-with-manual-scroll/anchor-onmount#go-to-element');
-		expect(await in_view('#abcde')).toBe(true);
-	});
-
-	test('url-supplied anchor is ignored with afterNavigate() scrolling on direct page load', async ({
-		page,
-		in_view,
-		clicknav
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/anchor-with-manual-scroll/anchor-afternavigate#go-to-element');
-		expect(await in_view('#abcde')).toBe(true);
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/anchor-with-manual-scroll/anchor-afternavigate?x=y#go-to-element"]');
-		expect(await in_view('#abcde')).toBe(true);
-	});
-
-	test('url-supplied anchor is ignored with onMount() scrolling on navigation to page', async ({
-		page,
-		clicknav,
-		javaScriptEnabled,
-		in_view
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/anchor-with-manual-scroll');
-		await clicknav('[href="/anchor-with-manual-scroll/anchor-onmount#go-to-element"]');
-		if (javaScriptEnabled) expect(await in_view('#abcde')).toBe(true);
-		else expect(await in_view('#go-to-element')).toBe(true);
-	});
-
-	test('app-supplied scroll and focus work on direct page load', async ({ page, in_view }) => {
-		await page.goto('/use-action/focus-and-scroll');
-		expect(await in_view('#input')).toBe(true);
-		await expect(page.locator('#input')).toBeFocused();
-	});
-
-	test('app-supplied scroll and focus work on navigation to page', async ({
-		page,
-		clicknav,
-		in_view
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/use-action');
-		await clicknav('[href="/use-action/focus-and-scroll"]');
-		expect(await in_view('#input')).toBe(true);
-		await expect(page.locator('input')).toBeFocused();
-	});
-
-	test('scroll positions are recovered on reloading the page', async ({ page, app }) => {
-		await page.goto('/anchor');
-		await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollTo(0, 1000));
-		await app.goto('/anchor/anchor');
-		await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollTo(0, 1000));
-
-		await page.reload();
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollY)).toBe(1000);
-
-		await page.goBack();
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollY)).toBe(1000);
-	});
-
-	test('scroll position is top of page on ssr:false reload', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/no-ssr/margin');
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollY)).toBe(0);
-		await page.reload();
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollY)).toBe(0);
-	});
-});
-
-test.describe('afterNavigate', () => {
-	test('calls callback', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/after-navigate/a');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('undefined -> /after-navigate/a');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/after-navigate/b"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('/after-navigate/a -> /after-navigate/b');
-	});
-});
-
-test.describe('a11y', () => {
-	test('keepfocus works', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/keepfocus');
-
-		await Promise.all([
-			page.locator('#input').fill('bar'),
-			page.waitForFunction(() => window.location.search === '?foo=bar')
-		]);
-		await expect(page.locator('#input')).toBeFocused();
-	});
-});
-
-test.describe('CSS', () => {
-	test('applies generated component styles (hides announcer)', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/css');
-		await clicknav('[href="/css/other"]');
-
-		expect(
-			await page.evaluate(() => {
-				const el = document.querySelector('#svelte-announcer');
-				return el && getComputedStyle(el).position;
-			})
-		).toBe('absolute');
-	});
-});
-
 test.describe('Endpoints', () => {
 	test('calls a delete handler', async ({ page }) => {
 		await page.goto('/delete-route');
@@ -409,72 +39,6 @@ test.describe('Endpoints', () => {
 	});
 });
 
-test.describe.serial('Errors', () => {
-	test('client-side load errors', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/errors/load-client');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-			'This is your custom error page saying: "Crashing now"'
-		);
-	});
-
-	test('client-side module context errors', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/errors/module-scope-client');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-			'This is your custom error page saying: "Crashing now"'
-		);
-	});
-
-	test('client-side error from load()', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/errors/load-error-client');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-			'This is your custom error page saying: "Not found"'
-		);
-		expect(await page.innerHTML('h1')).toBe('555');
-	});
-
-	test('client-side 4xx status without error from load()', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/errors/load-status-without-error-client');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-			'This is your custom error page saying: "Error: 401"'
-		);
-		expect(await page.innerHTML('h1')).toBe('401');
-	});
-
-	test('Root error falls back to error.html (unexpected error)', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/errors/error-html');
-		await clicknav('button:text-is("Unexpected")');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Error - 500');
-		expect(await page.textContent('p')).toBe(
-			'This is the static error page with the following message: Failed to load'
-		);
-	});
-
-	test('Root error falls back to error.html (expected error)', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/errors/error-html');
-		await clicknav('button:text-is("Expected")');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Error - 401');
-		expect(await page.textContent('p')).toBe(
-			'This is the static error page with the following message: Not allowed'
-		);
-	});
-
-	test('Root 404 redirects somewhere due to root layout', async ({ page, baseURL, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/errors/error-html');
-		await clicknav('button:text-is("Redirect")');
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/load');
-	});
-});
-
 test.describe('Load', () => {
 	test('load function is only called when necessary', async ({ app, page }) => {
 		await page.goto('/load/change-detection/one/a');
@@ -680,207 +244,6 @@ test.describe('Page options', () => {
 	});
 });
 
-test.describe('Prefetching', () => {
-	test('prefetches programmatically', async ({ baseURL, page, app }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/a');
-
-		/** @type {string[]} */
-		let requests = [];
-		page.on('request', (r) => requests.push(r.url()));
-
-		// also wait for network processing to complete, see
-		// https://playwright.dev/docs/network#network-events
-		await Promise.all([
-			page.waitForResponse(`${baseURL}/routing/preloading/preloaded.json`),
-			app.preloadData('/routing/preloading/preloaded')
-		]);
-
-		// svelte request made is environment dependent
-		if (process.env.DEV) {
-			expect(requests.filter((req) => req.endsWith('+page.svelte')).length).toBe(1);
-		} else {
-			// the preload helper causes an additional request to be made in Firefox,
-			// so we use toBeGreaterThan rather than toBe
-			expect(requests.filter((req) => req.endsWith('.js')).length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
-		}
-
-		expect(requests.includes(`${baseURL}/routing/preloading/preloaded.json`)).toBe(true);
-
-		requests = [];
-		await app.goto('/routing/preloading/preloaded');
-		expect(requests).toEqual([]);
-
-		try {
-			await app.preloadData('https://example.com');
-			throw new Error('Error was not thrown');
-		} catch (/** @type {any} */ e) {
-			expect(e.message).toMatch('Attempted to preload a URL that does not belong to this app');
-		}
-	});
-
-	test('chooses correct route when hash route is preloaded but regular route is clicked', async ({
-		app,
-		page
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/a');
-		await app.preloadData('/routing/preloading/hash-route#please-dont-show-me');
-		await app.goto('/routing/preloading/hash-route');
-		await expect(page.locator('h1')).not.toHaveText('Oopsie');
-	});
-
-	test('does not rerun load on calls to duplicate preload hash route', async ({ app, page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/a');
-
-		await app.preloadData('/routing/preloading/hash-route#please-dont-show-me');
-		await app.preloadData('/routing/preloading/hash-route#please-dont-show-me');
-		await app.goto('/routing/preloading/hash-route#please-dont-show-me');
-		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText('Loaded 1 times.');
-	});
-
-	test('does not rerun load on calls to different preload hash route', async ({ app, page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/a');
-
-		await app.preloadData('/routing/preloading/hash-route#please-dont-show-me');
-		await app.preloadData('/routing/preloading/hash-route#please-dont-show-me-jr');
-		await app.goto('/routing/preloading/hash-route#please-dont-show-me');
-		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText('Loaded 1 times.');
-	});
-
-	test('does rerun load when preload errored', async ({ app, page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/a');
-
-		await app.preloadData('/routing/preloading/preload-error');
-		await app.goto('/routing/preloading/preload-error');
-		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText('hello');
-	});
-});
-
-test.describe('Routing', () => {
-	test('navigates to a new page without reloading', async ({ app, page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing');
-
-		await app.preloadData('/routing/a').catch((e) => {
-			// from error handler tests; ignore
-			if (!e.message.includes('Crashing now')) throw e;
-		});
-
-		/** @type {string[]} */
-		const requests = [];
-		page.on('request', (r) => requests.push(r.url()));
-
-		await clicknav('a[href="/routing/a"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('a');
-
-		expect(requests.filter((url) => !url.endsWith('/favicon.png'))).toEqual([]);
-	});
-
-	test('navigates programmatically', async ({ page, app }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/a');
-		await app.goto('/routing/b');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('b');
-	});
-
-	test('$page.url.hash is correctly set on page load', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/hashes/pagestore#target');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#window-hash')).toBe('#target');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#page-url-hash')).toBe('#target');
-	});
-
-	test('$page.url.hash is correctly set on navigation', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/hashes/pagestore');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#window-hash')).toBe('');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#page-url-hash')).toBe('');
-		await page.locator('[href="#target"]').click();
-		expect(await page.textContent('#window-hash')).toBe('#target');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#page-url-hash')).toBe('#target');
-		await page.locator('[href="/routing/hashes/pagestore"]').click();
-		await expect(page.locator('#window-hash')).toHaveText('#target'); // hashchange doesn't fire for these
-		await expect(page.locator('#page-url-hash')).toHaveText('');
-	});
-
-	test('does not normalize external path', async ({ page, start_server }) => {
-		const html_ok = '<html><head></head><body>ok</body></html>';
-		const { port } = await start_server((_req, res) => {
-			res.end(html_ok);
-		});
-
-		await page.goto(`/routing/slashes?port=${port}`);
-		await page.locator(`a[href="http://localhost:${port}/with-slash/"]`).click();
-		expect(await page.content()).toBe(html_ok);
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(`http://localhost:${port}/with-slash/`);
-	});
-
-	test('ignores popstate events from outside the router', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/external-popstate');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('hello');
-
-		await page.locator('button').click();
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('hello');
-
-		await page.goBack();
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('hello');
-
-		await page.goForward();
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('hello');
-	});
-
-	test('recognizes clicks outside the app target', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/link-outside-app-target/source');
-
-		await page.locator('[href="/routing/link-outside-app-target/target"]').click();
-		await expect(page.locator('h1')).toHaveText('target: 1');
-	});
-
-	test('responds to <form method="GET"> submission without reload', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/form-get');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('...');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('enter');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h3')).toBe('...');
-
-		/** @type {string[]} */
-		const requests = [];
-		page.on('request', (request) => requests.push(request.url()));
-
-		await page.locator('input').fill('updated');
-		await page.locator('button').click();
-
-		expect(requests).toEqual([]);
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('updated');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('form');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h3')).toBe('bar');
-	});
-
-	test('ignores links with no href', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/missing-href');
-		const selector = '[data-testid="count"]';
-
-		expect(await page.textContent(selector)).toBe('count: 1');
-
-		await page.locator(selector).click();
-		expect(await page.textContent(selector)).toBe('count: 1');
-	});
-});
-
-test.describe('Shadow DOM', () => {
-	test('client router captures anchors in shadow dom', async ({ app, page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/shadow-dom');
-
-		await app.preloadData('/routing/a').catch((e) => {
-			// from error handler tests; ignore
-			if (!e.message.includes('Crashing now')) throw e;
-		});
-
-		/** @type {string[]} */
-		const requests = [];
-		page.on('request', (r) => requests.push(r.url()));
-
-		await clicknav('div[id="clickme"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('a');
-
-		expect(requests.filter((url) => !url.endsWith('/favicon.png'))).toEqual([]);
-	});
-});
-
 test.describe('SPA mode / no SSR', () => {
 	test('Can use browser-only global on client-only page through ssr config in handle', async ({
 		page,
@@ -1222,35 +585,3 @@ test.describe('Content negotiation', () => {
 		await expect(page.locator('[data-testid="form-result"]')).toHaveText('form.submitted: true');
 	});
 });
-
-test.describe('cookies', () => {
-	test('etag forwards cookies', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/cookies/forwarded-in-etag');
-		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText('foo=bar');
-		await page.locator('button').click();
-		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText('foo=bar');
-	});
-});
-
-test.describe('Interactivity', () => {
-	test('click events on removed elements are ignored', async ({ page }) => {
-		let errored = false;
-
-		page.on('pageerror', (err) => {
-			console.error(err);
-			errored = true;
-		});
-
-		await page.goto('/interactivity/toggle-element');
-		expect(await page.textContent('button')).toBe('remove');
-
-		await page.locator('button').click();
-		expect(await page.textContent('button')).toBe('add');
-		expect(await page.textContent('a')).toBe('add');
-
-		await page.locator('a').filter({ hasText: 'add' }).click();
-		expect(await page.textContent('a')).toBe('remove');
-
-		expect(errored).toBe(false);
-	});
-});
diff --git a/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/test/cross-browser/client.test.js b/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/test/cross-browser/client.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..babff5f30535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/test/cross-browser/client.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+import { expect } from '@playwright/test';
+import { test } from '../../../../utils.js';
+
+/** @typedef {import('@playwright/test').Response} Response */
+
+test.skip(({ javaScriptEnabled }) => !javaScriptEnabled);
+
+test.describe.configure({ mode: 'parallel' });
+
+test.describe('a11y', () => {
+	test('resets focus', async ({ page, clicknav, browserName }) => {
+		const tab = browserName === 'webkit' ? 'Alt+Tab' : 'Tab';
+
+		await page.goto('/accessibility/a');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/accessibility/b"]');
+		expect(await page.innerHTML('h1')).toBe('b');
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).nodeName)).toBe('BODY');
+		await page.keyboard.press(tab);
+
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).nodeName)).toBe('BUTTON');
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).textContent)).toBe('focus me');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/accessibility/a"]');
+		expect(await page.innerHTML('h1')).toBe('a');
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).nodeName)).toBe('BODY');
+
+		await page.keyboard.press(tab);
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).nodeName)).toBe('BUTTON');
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).textContent)).toBe('focus me');
+
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => document.documentElement.getAttribute('tabindex'))).toBe(null);
+	});
+
+	test('applies autofocus after a navigation', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/accessibility/autofocus/a');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/accessibility/autofocus/b"]');
+		expect(await page.innerHTML('h1')).toBe('b');
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).nodeName)).toBe('INPUT');
+	});
+
+	test('announces client-side navigation', async ({ page, clicknav, javaScriptEnabled }) => {
+		await page.goto('/accessibility/a');
+
+		const has_live_region = (await page.innerHTML('body')).includes('aria-live');
+
+		if (javaScriptEnabled) {
+			expect(has_live_region).toBeTruthy();
+
+			// live region should exist, but be empty
+			expect(await page.innerHTML('[aria-live]')).toBe('');
+
+			await clicknav('[href="/accessibility/b"]');
+			expect(await page.innerHTML('[aria-live]')).toBe('b'); // TODO i18n
+		} else {
+			expect(has_live_region).toBeFalsy();
+		}
+	});
+
+	test('reset selection', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/selection/a');
+
+		expect(
+			await page.evaluate(() => {
+				const range = document.createRange();
+				range.selectNodeContents(document.body);
+				const selection = getSelection();
+				if (selection) {
+					selection.removeAllRanges();
+					selection.addRange(range);
+					return selection.rangeCount;
+				}
+				return -1;
+			})
+		).toBe(1);
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/selection/b"]');
+		expect(
+			await page.evaluate(() => {
+				const selection = getSelection();
+				if (selection) {
+					return selection.rangeCount;
+				}
+				return -1;
+			})
+		).toBe(0);
+	});
+
+	test('keepfocus works', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/keepfocus');
+
+		await Promise.all([
+			page.locator('#input').fill('bar'),
+			page.waitForFunction(() => window.location.search === '?foo=bar')
+		]);
+		await expect(page.locator('#input')).toBeFocused();
+	});
+});
+
+test.describe('beforeNavigate', () => {
+	test('prevents navigation triggered by link click', async ({ page, baseURL }) => {
+		await page.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+
+		await page.click('[href="/before-navigate/a"]');
+		await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle');
+
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+		expect(await page.innerHTML('pre')).toBe('1 false link');
+	});
+
+	test('prevents navigation to external', async ({ page, baseURL }) => {
+		await page.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+		await page.click('h1'); // The browsers block attempts to prevent navigation on a frame that's never had a user gesture.
+
+		page.on('dialog', (dialog) => dialog.dismiss());
+
+		page.click('a[href="https://google.de"]'); // do NOT await this, promise only resolves after successful navigation, which never happens
+		await page.waitForTimeout(500);
+		await expect(page.locator('pre')).toHaveText('1 true link');
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+	});
+
+	test('prevents navigation triggered by goto', async ({ page, app, baseURL }) => {
+		await page.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+		await app.goto('/before-navigate/a');
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+		expect(await page.innerHTML('pre')).toBe('1 false goto');
+	});
+
+	test('prevents external navigation triggered by goto', async ({ page, app, baseURL }) => {
+		await page.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+		await app.goto('https://google.de');
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+		expect(await page.innerHTML('pre')).toBe('1 true goto');
+	});
+
+	test('prevents navigation triggered by back button', async ({ page, app, baseURL }) => {
+		await page.goto('/before-navigate/a');
+		await app.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+		await page.click('h1'); // The browsers block attempts to prevent navigation on a frame that's never had a user gesture.
+
+		await page.goBack();
+		expect(await page.innerHTML('pre')).toBe('1 false popstate');
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+	});
+
+	test('prevents unload', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+		await page.click('h1'); // The browsers block attempts to prevent navigation on a frame that's never had a user gesture.
+		const type = new Promise((fulfil) => {
+			page.on('dialog', async (dialog) => {
+				fulfil(dialog.type());
+				await dialog.dismiss();
+			});
+		});
+
+		await page.close({ runBeforeUnload: true });
+		expect(await type).toBe('beforeunload');
+		expect(await page.innerHTML('pre')).toBe('1 true leave');
+	});
+
+	test('is not triggered on redirect', async ({ page, baseURL }) => {
+		await page.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+
+		await page.click('[href="/before-navigate/redirect"]');
+		await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle');
+
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+		expect(await page.innerHTML('pre')).toBe('1 false link');
+	});
+
+	test('is not triggered on target=_blank', async ({ page, baseURL }) => {
+		await page.goto('/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+
+		await page.click('a[href="https://google.com"]');
+		await page.waitForTimeout(500);
+
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/before-navigate/prevent-navigation');
+		expect(await page.innerHTML('pre')).toBe('0 false undefined');
+	});
+});
+
+test.describe('Scrolling', () => {
+	test('url-supplied anchor works on direct page load', async ({ page, in_view }) => {
+		await page.goto('/anchor/anchor#go-to-element');
+		expect(await in_view('#go-to-element')).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	test('url-supplied anchor works on navigation to page', async ({ page, in_view, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/anchor');
+		await clicknav('#first-anchor');
+		expect(await in_view('#go-to-element')).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	test('url-supplied anchor works when navigated from scrolled page', async ({
+		page,
+		clicknav,
+		in_view
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/anchor');
+		await clicknav('#second-anchor');
+		expect(await in_view('#go-to-element')).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	test('no-anchor url will scroll to top when navigated from scrolled page', async ({
+		page,
+		clicknav
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/anchor');
+		await clicknav('#third-anchor');
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => scrollY === 0)).toBeTruthy();
+	});
+
+	test('url-supplied anchor works when navigated from bottom of page', async ({
+		page,
+		clicknav,
+		in_view
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/anchor');
+		await clicknav('#last-anchor');
+		expect(await in_view('#go-to-element')).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	test('no-anchor url will scroll to top when navigated from bottom of page', async ({
+		clicknav,
+		page
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/anchor');
+		await clicknav('#last-anchor-2');
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => scrollY === 0)).toBeTruthy();
+	});
+
+	test('scroll is restored after hitting the back button', async ({ baseURL, clicknav, page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/anchor');
+		await page.locator('#scroll-anchor').click();
+		const originalScrollY = /** @type {number} */ (await page.evaluate(() => scrollY));
+		await clicknav('#routing-page');
+		await page.goBack();
+		await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle');
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/anchor#last-anchor-2');
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => scrollY)).toEqual(originalScrollY);
+
+		await page.goBack();
+		await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle');
+
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/anchor');
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => scrollY)).toEqual(0);
+	});
+
+	test('scroll is restored after hitting the back button for an in-app cross-document navigation', async ({
+		page,
+		clicknav
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/scroll/cross-document/a');
+
+		const rect = await page.locator('[href="/scroll/cross-document/b"]').boundingBox();
+		const height = await page.evaluate(() => innerHeight);
+		if (!rect) throw new Error('Could not determine bounding box');
+
+		const target_scroll_y = rect.y + rect.height - height;
+		await page.evaluate((y) => scrollTo(0, y), target_scroll_y);
+
+		await page.locator('[href="/scroll/cross-document/b"]').click();
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('b');
+		await page.waitForSelector('body.started');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/scroll/cross-document/c"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('c');
+
+		await page.goBack(); // client-side back
+		await page.goBack(); // native back
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('a');
+		await page.waitForSelector('body.started');
+
+		await page.waitForTimeout(250); // needed for the test to fail reliably without the fix
+
+		const scroll_y = await page.evaluate(() => scrollY);
+
+		expect(Math.abs(scroll_y - target_scroll_y)).toBeLessThan(50); // we need a few pixels wiggle room, because browsers
+	});
+
+	test('url-supplied anchor is ignored with onMount() scrolling on direct page load', async ({
+		page,
+		in_view
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/anchor-with-manual-scroll/anchor-onmount#go-to-element');
+		expect(await in_view('#abcde')).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	test('url-supplied anchor is ignored with afterNavigate() scrolling on direct page load', async ({
+		page,
+		in_view,
+		clicknav
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/anchor-with-manual-scroll/anchor-afternavigate#go-to-element');
+		expect(await in_view('#abcde')).toBe(true);
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/anchor-with-manual-scroll/anchor-afternavigate?x=y#go-to-element"]');
+		expect(await in_view('#abcde')).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	test('url-supplied anchor is ignored with onMount() scrolling on navigation to page', async ({
+		page,
+		clicknav,
+		javaScriptEnabled,
+		in_view
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/anchor-with-manual-scroll');
+		await clicknav('[href="/anchor-with-manual-scroll/anchor-onmount#go-to-element"]');
+		if (javaScriptEnabled) expect(await in_view('#abcde')).toBe(true);
+		else expect(await in_view('#go-to-element')).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	test('app-supplied scroll and focus work on direct page load', async ({ page, in_view }) => {
+		await page.goto('/use-action/focus-and-scroll');
+		expect(await in_view('#input')).toBe(true);
+		await expect(page.locator('#input')).toBeFocused();
+	});
+
+	test('app-supplied scroll and focus work on navigation to page', async ({
+		page,
+		clicknav,
+		in_view
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/use-action');
+		await clicknav('[href="/use-action/focus-and-scroll"]');
+		expect(await in_view('#input')).toBe(true);
+		await expect(page.locator('input')).toBeFocused();
+	});
+
+	test('scroll positions are recovered on reloading the page', async ({ page, app }) => {
+		await page.goto('/anchor');
+		await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollTo(0, 1000));
+		await app.goto('/anchor/anchor');
+		await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollTo(0, 1000));
+
+		await page.reload();
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollY)).toBe(1000);
+
+		await page.goBack();
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollY)).toBe(1000);
+	});
+
+	test('scroll position is top of page on ssr:false reload', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/no-ssr/margin');
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollY)).toBe(0);
+		await page.reload();
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollY)).toBe(0);
+	});
+});
+
+test.describe('afterNavigate', () => {
+	test('calls callback', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/after-navigate/a');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('undefined -> /after-navigate/a');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/after-navigate/b"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('/after-navigate/a -> /after-navigate/b');
+	});
+});
+
+test.describe('CSS', () => {
+	test('applies generated component styles (hides announcer)', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/css');
+		await clicknav('[href="/css/other"]');
+
+		expect(
+			await page.evaluate(() => {
+				const el = document.querySelector('#svelte-announcer');
+				return el && getComputedStyle(el).position;
+			})
+		).toBe('absolute');
+	});
+});
+
+test.describe.serial('Errors', () => {
+	test('client-side load errors', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/errors/load-client');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+			'This is your custom error page saying: "Crashing now"'
+		);
+	});
+
+	test('client-side module context errors', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/errors/module-scope-client');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+			'This is your custom error page saying: "Crashing now"'
+		);
+	});
+
+	test('client-side error from load()', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/errors/load-error-client');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+			'This is your custom error page saying: "Not found"'
+		);
+		expect(await page.innerHTML('h1')).toBe('555');
+	});
+
+	test('client-side 4xx status without error from load()', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/errors/load-status-without-error-client');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+			'This is your custom error page saying: "Error: 401"'
+		);
+		expect(await page.innerHTML('h1')).toBe('401');
+	});
+
+	test('Root error falls back to error.html (unexpected error)', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/errors/error-html');
+		await clicknav('button:text-is("Unexpected")');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Error - 500');
+		expect(await page.textContent('p')).toBe(
+			'This is the static error page with the following message: Failed to load'
+		);
+	});
+
+	test('Root error falls back to error.html (expected error)', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/errors/error-html');
+		await clicknav('button:text-is("Expected")');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Error - 401');
+		expect(await page.textContent('p')).toBe(
+			'This is the static error page with the following message: Not allowed'
+		);
+	});
+
+	test('Root 404 redirects somewhere due to root layout', async ({ page, baseURL, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/errors/error-html');
+		await clicknav('button:text-is("Redirect")');
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(baseURL + '/load');
+	});
+});
+
+test.describe('Prefetching', () => {
+	test('prefetches programmatically', async ({ baseURL, page, app }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/a');
+
+		/** @type {string[]} */
+		let requests = [];
+		page.on('request', (r) => requests.push(r.url()));
+
+		// also wait for network processing to complete, see
+		// https://playwright.dev/docs/network#network-events
+		await Promise.all([
+			page.waitForResponse(`${baseURL}/routing/preloading/preloaded.json`),
+			app.preloadData('/routing/preloading/preloaded')
+		]);
+
+		// svelte request made is environment dependent
+		if (process.env.DEV) {
+			expect(requests.filter((req) => req.endsWith('+page.svelte')).length).toBe(1);
+		} else {
+			// the preload helper causes an additional request to be made in Firefox,
+			// so we use toBeGreaterThan rather than toBe
+			expect(requests.filter((req) => req.endsWith('.js')).length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+		}
+
+		expect(requests.includes(`${baseURL}/routing/preloading/preloaded.json`)).toBe(true);
+
+		requests = [];
+		await app.goto('/routing/preloading/preloaded');
+		expect(requests).toEqual([]);
+
+		try {
+			await app.preloadData('https://example.com');
+			throw new Error('Error was not thrown');
+		} catch (/** @type {any} */ e) {
+			expect(e.message).toMatch('Attempted to preload a URL that does not belong to this app');
+		}
+	});
+
+	test('chooses correct route when hash route is preloaded but regular route is clicked', async ({
+		app,
+		page
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/a');
+		await app.preloadData('/routing/preloading/hash-route#please-dont-show-me');
+		await app.goto('/routing/preloading/hash-route');
+		await expect(page.locator('h1')).not.toHaveText('Oopsie');
+	});
+
+	test('does not rerun load on calls to duplicate preload hash route', async ({ app, page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/a');
+
+		await app.preloadData('/routing/preloading/hash-route#please-dont-show-me');
+		await app.preloadData('/routing/preloading/hash-route#please-dont-show-me');
+		await app.goto('/routing/preloading/hash-route#please-dont-show-me');
+		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText('Loaded 1 times.');
+	});
+
+	test('does not rerun load on calls to different preload hash route', async ({ app, page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/a');
+
+		await app.preloadData('/routing/preloading/hash-route#please-dont-show-me');
+		await app.preloadData('/routing/preloading/hash-route#please-dont-show-me-jr');
+		await app.goto('/routing/preloading/hash-route#please-dont-show-me');
+		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText('Loaded 1 times.');
+	});
+
+	test('does rerun load when preload errored', async ({ app, page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/a');
+
+		await app.preloadData('/routing/preloading/preload-error');
+		await app.goto('/routing/preloading/preload-error');
+		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText('hello');
+	});
+});
+
+test.describe('Routing', () => {
+	test('navigates to a new page without reloading', async ({ app, page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing');
+
+		await app.preloadData('/routing/a').catch((e) => {
+			// from error handler tests; ignore
+			if (!e.message.includes('Crashing now')) throw e;
+		});
+
+		/** @type {string[]} */
+		const requests = [];
+		page.on('request', (r) => requests.push(r.url()));
+
+		await clicknav('a[href="/routing/a"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('a');
+
+		expect(requests.filter((url) => !url.endsWith('/favicon.png'))).toEqual([]);
+	});
+
+	test('navigates programmatically', async ({ page, app }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/a');
+		await app.goto('/routing/b');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('b');
+	});
+
+	test('$page.url.hash is correctly set on page load', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/hashes/pagestore#target');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#window-hash')).toBe('#target');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#page-url-hash')).toBe('#target');
+	});
+
+	test('$page.url.hash is correctly set on navigation', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/hashes/pagestore');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#window-hash')).toBe('');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#page-url-hash')).toBe('');
+		await page.locator('[href="#target"]').click();
+		expect(await page.textContent('#window-hash')).toBe('#target');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#page-url-hash')).toBe('#target');
+		await page.locator('[href="/routing/hashes/pagestore"]').click();
+		await expect(page.locator('#window-hash')).toHaveText('#target'); // hashchange doesn't fire for these
+		await expect(page.locator('#page-url-hash')).toHaveText('');
+	});
+
+	test('does not normalize external path', async ({ page, start_server }) => {
+		const html_ok = '<html><head></head><body>ok</body></html>';
+		const { port } = await start_server((_req, res) => {
+			res.end(html_ok);
+		});
+
+		await page.goto(`/routing/slashes?port=${port}`);
+		await page.locator(`a[href="http://localhost:${port}/with-slash/"]`).click();
+		expect(await page.content()).toBe(html_ok);
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(`http://localhost:${port}/with-slash/`);
+	});
+
+	test('ignores popstate events from outside the router', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/external-popstate');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('hello');
+
+		await page.locator('button').click();
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('hello');
+
+		await page.goBack();
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('hello');
+
+		await page.goForward();
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('hello');
+	});
+
+	test('recognizes clicks outside the app target', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/link-outside-app-target/source');
+
+		await page.locator('[href="/routing/link-outside-app-target/target"]').click();
+		await expect(page.locator('h1')).toHaveText('target: 1');
+	});
+
+	test('responds to <form method="GET"> submission without reload', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/form-get');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('...');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('enter');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h3')).toBe('...');
+
+		/** @type {string[]} */
+		const requests = [];
+		page.on('request', (request) => requests.push(request.url()));
+
+		await page.locator('input').fill('updated');
+		await page.locator('button').click();
+
+		expect(requests).toEqual([]);
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('updated');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('form');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h3')).toBe('bar');
+	});
+
+	test('ignores links with no href', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/missing-href');
+		const selector = '[data-testid="count"]';
+
+		expect(await page.textContent(selector)).toBe('count: 1');
+
+		await page.locator(selector).click();
+		expect(await page.textContent(selector)).toBe('count: 1');
+	});
+});
+
+test.describe('Shadow DOM', () => {
+	test('client router captures anchors in shadow dom', async ({ app, page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/shadow-dom');
+
+		await app.preloadData('/routing/a').catch((e) => {
+			// from error handler tests; ignore
+			if (!e.message.includes('Crashing now')) throw e;
+		});
+
+		/** @type {string[]} */
+		const requests = [];
+		page.on('request', (r) => requests.push(r.url()));
+
+		await clicknav('div[id="clickme"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('a');
+
+		expect(requests.filter((url) => !url.endsWith('/favicon.png'))).toEqual([]);
+	});
+});
+
+test.describe('cookies', () => {
+	test('etag forwards cookies', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/cookies/forwarded-in-etag');
+		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText('foo=bar');
+		await page.locator('button').click();
+		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText('foo=bar');
+	});
+});
+
+test.describe('Interactivity', () => {
+	test('click events on removed elements are ignored', async ({ page }) => {
+		let errored = false;
+
+		page.on('pageerror', (err) => {
+			console.error(err);
+			errored = true;
+		});
+
+		await page.goto('/interactivity/toggle-element');
+		expect(await page.textContent('button')).toBe('remove');
+
+		await page.locator('button').click();
+		expect(await page.textContent('button')).toBe('add');
+		expect(await page.textContent('a')).toBe('add');
+
+		await page.locator('a').filter({ hasText: 'add' }).click();
+		expect(await page.textContent('a')).toBe('remove');
+
+		expect(errored).toBe(false);
+	});
+});
diff --git a/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/test/cross-browser/test.js b/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/test/cross-browser/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dd9d47466b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/test/cross-browser/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,995 @@
+import { expect } from '@playwright/test';
+import { test } from '../../../../utils.js';
+
+/** @typedef {import('@playwright/test').Response} Response */
+
+test.describe.configure({ mode: 'parallel' });
+
+test.describe('CSS', () => {
+	test('applies imported styles', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/css');
+
+		expect(
+			await page.evaluate(() => {
+				const el = document.querySelector('.styled');
+				return el && getComputedStyle(el).color;
+			})
+		).toBe('rgb(255, 0, 0)');
+	});
+
+	test('applies layout styles', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/css');
+
+		expect(
+			await page.evaluate(() => {
+				const el = document.querySelector('footer');
+				return el && getComputedStyle(el).color;
+			})
+		).toBe('rgb(128, 0, 128)');
+	});
+
+	test('applies local styles', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/css');
+
+		expect(
+			await page.evaluate(() => {
+				const el = document.querySelector('.also-styled');
+				return el && getComputedStyle(el).color;
+			})
+		).toBe('rgb(0, 0, 255)');
+	});
+
+	test('applies imported styles in the correct order', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/css');
+
+		const color = await page.$eval('.overridden', (el) => getComputedStyle(el).color);
+		expect(color).toBe('rgb(0, 128, 0)');
+	});
+});
+
+test.describe('Shadowed pages', () => {
+	test('Loads props from an endpoint', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed');
+		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/simple"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('The answer is 42');
+	});
+
+	test('Handles GET redirects', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed');
+		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/redirect-get"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Redirection was successful');
+	});
+
+	test('Handles GET redirects with cookies', async ({ page, context, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed');
+		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/redirect-get-with-cookie"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Redirection was successful');
+
+		const cookies = await context.cookies();
+		expect(cookies).toEqual(
+			expect.arrayContaining([expect.objectContaining({ name: 'shadow-redirect', value: 'happy' })])
+		);
+	});
+
+	test('Handles GET redirects with cookies from fetch response', async ({
+		page,
+		context,
+		clicknav
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed');
+		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/redirect-get-with-cookie-from-fetch"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Redirection was successful');
+
+		const cookies = await context.cookies();
+		expect(cookies).toEqual(
+			expect.arrayContaining([
+				expect.objectContaining({ name: 'shadow-redirect-fetch', value: 'happy' })
+			])
+		);
+	});
+
+	test('Handles POST redirects', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed');
+		await clicknav('#redirect-post');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Redirection was successful');
+	});
+
+	test('Handles POST redirects with cookies', async ({ page, context, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed');
+		await clicknav('#redirect-post-with-cookie');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Redirection was successful');
+
+		const cookies = await context.cookies();
+		expect(cookies).toEqual(
+			expect.arrayContaining([expect.objectContaining({ name: 'shadow-redirect', value: 'happy' })])
+		);
+	});
+
+	test('Handles POST success with returned location', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed/post-success-redirect');
+		await clicknav('button');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('POST was successful');
+	});
+
+	test('Renders error page for 4xx and 5xx responses from GET', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed');
+		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/error-get"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('404');
+	});
+
+	test('Merges bodies for 4xx and 5xx responses from non-GET', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed');
+		const [response] = await Promise.all([page.waitForNavigation(), page.click('#error-post')]);
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('hello from get / echo: posted data');
+
+		expect(response?.status()).toBe(400);
+		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('status: 400');
+	});
+
+	test('Endpoint receives consistent URL', async ({ baseURL, page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed/same-render-entry');
+		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/same-render?param1=value1"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe(`URL: ${baseURL}/shadowed/same-render?param1=value1`);
+	});
+
+	test('Works with missing get handler', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed');
+		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/no-get"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('hello');
+	});
+
+	test('Invalidates shadow data when URL changes', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed');
+		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/dynamic/foo"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('slug: foo');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/dynamic/bar"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('slug: bar');
+
+		await page.goto('/shadowed/dynamic/foo');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('slug: foo');
+		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/dynamic/bar"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('slug: bar');
+	});
+
+	test('Shadow redirect', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed/redirect');
+		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/redirect/a"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('done');
+	});
+
+	test('Endpoint without GET', async ({ page, clicknav, baseURL, javaScriptEnabled }) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed');
+
+		/** @type {string[]} */
+		const requests = [];
+		page.on('request', (r) => requests.push(r.url()));
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/missing-get"]');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('post without get');
+
+		// check that the router didn't fall back to the server
+		if (javaScriptEnabled) {
+			expect(requests).not.toContain(`${baseURL}/shadowed/missing-get`);
+		}
+	});
+
+	test('Parent data is present', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/shadowed/parent');
+		await expect(page.locator('h2')).toHaveText(
+			'Layout data: {"foo":{"bar":"Custom layout"},"layout":"layout"}'
+		);
+		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText(
+			'Page data: {"foo":{"bar":"Custom layout"},"layout":"layout","page":"page","data":{"rootlayout":"rootlayout","layout":"layout"}}'
+		);
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/parent?test"]');
+		await expect(page.locator('h2')).toHaveText(
+			'Layout data: {"foo":{"bar":"Custom layout"},"layout":"layout"}'
+		);
+		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText(
+			'Page data: {"foo":{"bar":"Custom layout"},"layout":"layout","page":"page","data":{"rootlayout":"rootlayout","layout":"layout"}}'
+		);
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/parent/sub"]');
+		await expect(page.locator('h2')).toHaveText(
+			'Layout data: {"foo":{"bar":"Custom layout"},"layout":"layout"}'
+		);
+		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText(
+			'Page data: {"foo":{"bar":"Custom layout"},"layout":"layout","sub":"sub","data":{"rootlayout":"rootlayout","layout":"layout"}}'
+		);
+	});
+
+	if (process.env.DEV) {
+		test('Data must be serializable', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+			await page.goto('/shadowed');
+			await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/serialization"]');
+
+			expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('500');
+			expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+				'This is your custom error page saying: "Data returned from `load` while rendering /shadowed/serialization is not serializable: Cannot stringify arbitrary non-POJOs (data.nope)"'
+			);
+		});
+	}
+});
+
+test.describe('Errors', () => {
+	if (process.env.DEV) {
+		// TODO these probably shouldn't have the full render treatment,
+		// given that they will never be user-visible in prod
+		test('server-side errors', async ({ page }) => {
+			await page.goto('/errors/serverside');
+
+			expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
+			expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+				'This is your custom error page saying: "Crashing now"'
+			);
+		});
+
+		test('server-side module context errors', async ({ page }) => {
+			test.fixme();
+
+			await page.goto('/errors/module-scope-server');
+
+			expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
+			expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+				'This is your custom error page saying: "Crashing now"'
+			);
+		});
+
+		test('errors on invalid load function response', async ({ page, app, javaScriptEnabled }) => {
+			if (javaScriptEnabled) {
+				await page.goto('/');
+				await app.goto('/errors/invalid-load-response');
+			} else {
+				await page.goto('/errors/invalid-load-response');
+			}
+
+			expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
+			expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+				'This is your custom error page saying: "a load function related to route \'/errors/invalid-load-response\' returned an array, but must return a plain object at the top level (i.e. `return {...}`)"'
+			);
+		});
+
+		test('errors on invalid server load function response', async ({
+			page,
+			app,
+			javaScriptEnabled
+		}) => {
+			if (javaScriptEnabled) {
+				await page.goto('/');
+				await app.goto('/errors/invalid-server-load-response');
+			} else {
+				await page.goto('/errors/invalid-server-load-response');
+			}
+
+			expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
+			expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+				'This is your custom error page saying: "a load function related to route \'/errors/invalid-server-load-response\' returned an array, but must return a plain object at the top level (i.e. `return {...}`)"'
+			);
+		});
+	}
+
+	test('server-side load errors', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/errors/load-server');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+			'This is your custom error page saying: "Crashing now"'
+		);
+
+		expect(
+			await page.evaluate(() => {
+				const el = document.querySelector('h1');
+				return el && getComputedStyle(el).color;
+			})
+		).toBe('rgb(255, 0, 0)');
+	});
+
+	test('404', async ({ page }) => {
+		const response = await page.goto('/why/would/anyone/fetch/this/url');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+			'This is your custom error page saying: "Not found: /why/would/anyone/fetch/this/url"'
+		);
+		expect(/** @type {Response} */ (response).status()).toBe(404);
+	});
+
+	test('server-side error from load() is a string', async ({ page }) => {
+		const response = await page.goto('/errors/load-error-string-server');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+			'This is your custom error page saying: "Not found"'
+		);
+		expect(/** @type {Response} */ (response).status()).toBe(555);
+	});
+
+	test('server-side error from load() is an Error', async ({ page }) => {
+		const response = await page.goto('/errors/load-error-server');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+			'This is your custom error page saying: "Not found"'
+		);
+		expect(/** @type {Response} */ (response).status()).toBe(555);
+	});
+
+	test('error in endpoint', async ({ page, read_errors }) => {
+		const res = await page.goto('/errors/endpoint');
+
+		// should include stack trace
+		const lines = read_errors('/errors/endpoint.json').stack.split('\n');
+		expect(lines[0]).toMatch('nope');
+
+		if (process.env.DEV) {
+			expect(lines[1]).toMatch('endpoint.json');
+		}
+
+		expect(res && res.status()).toBe(500);
+		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe('This is your custom error page saying: "500"');
+	});
+
+	test('error in shadow endpoint', async ({ page, read_errors }) => {
+		const res = await page.goto('/errors/endpoint-shadow');
+
+		// should include stack trace
+		const lines = read_errors('/errors/endpoint-shadow').stack.split('\n');
+		expect(lines[0]).toMatch('nope');
+
+		if (process.env.DEV) {
+			expect(lines[1]).toMatch('+page.server.js:3:8');
+		}
+
+		expect(res && res.status()).toBe(500);
+		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+			'This is your custom error page saying: "nope"'
+		);
+	});
+
+	test('not ok response from shadow endpoint', async ({ page, read_errors }) => {
+		const res = await page.goto('/errors/endpoint-shadow-not-ok');
+
+		expect(read_errors('/errors/endpoint-shadow-not-ok')).toBeUndefined();
+
+		expect(res && res.status()).toBe(555);
+		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+			'This is your custom error page saying: "Error: 555"'
+		);
+	});
+
+	test('prerendering a page with a mutative page endpoint results in a catchable error', async ({
+		page
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/prerendering/mutative-endpoint');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('500');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+			'This is your custom error page saying: "Cannot prerender pages with actions"'
+		);
+	});
+
+	test('page endpoint GET thrown error message is preserved', async ({
+		page,
+		clicknav,
+		read_errors
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/errors/page-endpoint');
+		await clicknav('#get-implicit');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('pre')).toBe(
+			JSON.stringify({ status: 500, message: 'oops' }, null, '  ')
+		);
+
+		const { status, name, message, stack, fancy } = read_errors(
+			'/errors/page-endpoint/get-implicit'
+		);
+		expect(status).toBe(undefined);
+		expect(name).toBe('FancyError');
+		expect(message).toBe('oops');
+		expect(fancy).toBe(true);
+		if (process.env.DEV) {
+			const lines = stack.split('\n');
+			expect(lines[1]).toContain('+page.server.js:4:8');
+		}
+	});
+
+	test('page endpoint GET HttpError message is preserved', async ({
+		page,
+		clicknav,
+		read_errors
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/errors/page-endpoint');
+		await clicknav('#get-explicit');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('pre')).toBe(
+			JSON.stringify({ status: 400, message: 'oops' }, null, '  ')
+		);
+
+		const error = read_errors('/errors/page-endpoint/get-explicit');
+		expect(error).toBe(undefined);
+	});
+
+	test('page endpoint POST unexpected error message is preserved', async ({
+		page,
+		clicknav,
+		read_errors
+	}) => {
+		// The case where we're submitting a POST request via a form.
+		// It should show the __error template with our message.
+		await page.goto('/errors/page-endpoint');
+		await clicknav('#post-implicit');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('pre')).toBe(
+			JSON.stringify({ status: 500, message: 'oops' }, null, '  ')
+		);
+
+		const { status, name, message, stack, fancy } = read_errors(
+			'/errors/page-endpoint/post-implicit'
+		);
+
+		expect(status).toBe(undefined);
+		expect(name).toBe('FancyError');
+		expect(message).toBe('oops');
+		expect(fancy).toBe(true);
+		if (process.env.DEV) {
+			const lines = stack.split('\n');
+			expect(lines[1]).toContain('+page.server.js:6:9');
+		}
+	});
+
+	test('page endpoint POST HttpError error message is preserved', async ({
+		page,
+		clicknav,
+		read_errors
+	}) => {
+		// The case where we're submitting a POST request via a form.
+		// It should show the __error template with our message.
+		await page.goto('/errors/page-endpoint');
+		await clicknav('#post-explicit');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('pre')).toBe(
+			JSON.stringify({ status: 400, message: 'oops' }, null, '  ')
+		);
+
+		const error = read_errors('/errors/page-endpoint/post-explicit');
+		expect(error).toBe(undefined);
+	});
+});
+
+test.describe('Headers', () => {
+	test('allows headers to be sent as a Headers class instead of a POJO', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/headers/class');
+		expect(await page.innerHTML('p')).toBe('bar');
+	});
+});
+
+test.describe('Redirects', () => {
+	test('redirect', async ({ baseURL, page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/redirect');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/redirect/a"]');
+
+		await page.waitForURL('/redirect/c');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('c');
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect/c`);
+
+		await page.goBack();
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect`);
+	});
+
+	test('prevents redirect loops', async ({ baseURL, page, javaScriptEnabled, browserName }) => {
+		await page.goto('/redirect');
+
+		await page.locator('[href="/redirect/loopy/a"]').click();
+
+		if (javaScriptEnabled) {
+			await page.waitForSelector('#message');
+			expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect/loopy/a`);
+			expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('500');
+			expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+				'This is your custom error page saying: "Redirect loop"'
+			);
+		} else {
+			// there's not a lot we can do to handle server-side redirect loops
+			if (browserName === 'chromium') {
+				expect(page.url()).toBe('chrome-error://chromewebdata/');
+			} else {
+				expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect`);
+			}
+		}
+	});
+
+	test('errors on missing status', async ({
+		baseURL,
+		page,
+		clicknav,
+		javaScriptEnabled,
+		read_errors
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/redirect');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/redirect/missing-status/a"]');
+
+		const message = process.env.DEV || !javaScriptEnabled ? 'Invalid status code' : 'Redirect loop';
+
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect/missing-status/a`);
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('500');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+			`This is your custom error page saying: "${message}"`
+		);
+
+		if (!javaScriptEnabled) {
+			// handleError is not invoked for client-side navigation
+			const lines = read_errors('/redirect/missing-status/a').stack.split('\n');
+			expect(lines[0]).toBe(`Error: ${message}`);
+		}
+	});
+
+	test('errors on invalid status', async ({ baseURL, page, clicknav, javaScriptEnabled }) => {
+		await page.goto('/redirect');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/redirect/missing-status/b"]');
+
+		const message = process.env.DEV || !javaScriptEnabled ? 'Invalid status code' : 'Redirect loop';
+
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect/missing-status/b`);
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('500');
+		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
+			`This is your custom error page saying: "${message}"`
+		);
+	});
+
+	test('redirect-on-load', async ({ baseURL, page, javaScriptEnabled }) => {
+		const redirected_to_url = javaScriptEnabled
+			? `${baseURL}/redirect-on-load/redirected`
+			: `${baseURL}/redirect-on-load`;
+
+		await Promise.all([page.waitForResponse(redirected_to_url), page.goto('/redirect-on-load')]);
+
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(redirected_to_url);
+
+		if (javaScriptEnabled) {
+			expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Hazaa!');
+		}
+	});
+
+	test('redirect response in handle hook', async ({ baseURL, clicknav, page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/redirect');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/redirect/in-handle?response"]');
+
+		await page.waitForURL('/redirect/c');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('c');
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect/c`);
+
+		await page.goBack();
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect`);
+	});
+
+	test('throw redirect in handle hook', async ({ baseURL, clicknav, page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/redirect');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/redirect/in-handle?throw"]');
+
+		await page.waitForURL('/redirect/c');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('c');
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect/c`);
+
+		await page.goBack();
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect`);
+	});
+});
+
+test.describe('Routing', () => {
+	test('redirects from /routing/ to /routing', async ({
+		baseURL,
+		page,
+		clicknav,
+		app,
+		javaScriptEnabled
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/slashes');
+
+		await clicknav('a[href="/routing/"]');
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing`);
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Great success!');
+
+		if (javaScriptEnabled) {
+			await page.goto(`${baseURL}/routing/slashes`);
+			await app.goto('/routing/');
+			expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing`);
+			expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Great success!');
+		}
+	});
+
+	test('redirects from /routing/? to /routing', async ({
+		baseURL,
+		page,
+		clicknav,
+		app,
+		javaScriptEnabled
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/slashes');
+
+		await clicknav('a[href="/routing/?"]');
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing`);
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Great success!');
+
+		if (javaScriptEnabled) {
+			await page.goto(`${baseURL}/routing/slashes`);
+			await app.goto('/routing/?');
+			expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing`);
+			expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Great success!');
+		}
+	});
+
+	test('redirects from /routing/?foo=bar to /routing?foo=bar', async ({
+		baseURL,
+		page,
+		clicknav,
+		app,
+		javaScriptEnabled
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/slashes');
+
+		await clicknav('a[href="/routing/?foo=bar"]');
+		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing?foo=bar`);
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Great success!');
+
+		if (javaScriptEnabled) {
+			await page.goto(`${baseURL}/routing/slashes`);
+			await app.goto('/routing/?foo=bar');
+			expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing?foo=bar`);
+			expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Great success!');
+		}
+	});
+
+	test('serves static route', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/a');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('a');
+	});
+
+	test('serves static route from dir/index.html file', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/b');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('b');
+	});
+
+	test('serves static route under client directory', async ({ baseURL, page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/client/foo');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('foo');
+
+		await page.goto(`${baseURL}/routing/client/bar`);
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('bar');
+
+		await page.goto(`${baseURL}/routing/client/bar/b`);
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('b');
+	});
+
+	test('serves dynamic route', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/test-slug');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('test-slug');
+	});
+
+	test('does not attempt client-side navigation to server routes', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing');
+		await page.locator('[href="/routing/ambiguous/ok.json"]').click();
+		expect(await page.textContent('body')).toBe('ok');
+	});
+
+	test('does not attempt client-side navigation to links with data-sveltekit-reload', async ({
+		baseURL,
+		page,
+		clicknav
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing');
+
+		/** @type {string[]} */
+		const requests = [];
+		page.on('request', (r) => requests.push(r.url()));
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/b"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('b');
+		expect(requests).toContain(`${baseURL}/routing/b`);
+	});
+
+	test('allows reserved words as route names', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/const');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('reserved words are okay as routes');
+	});
+
+	test('resets the active element after navigation', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing');
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/a"]');
+		await page.waitForFunction(() => (document.activeElement || {}).nodeName == 'BODY');
+	});
+
+	test('navigates between routes with empty parts', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/dirs/foo');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('foo');
+		await clicknav('[href="bar"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('bar');
+	});
+
+	test('navigates between dynamic routes with same segments', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/dirs/bar/xyz');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('A page');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/dirs/foo/xyz"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('B page');
+	});
+
+	test('invalidates page when a segment is skipped', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/skipped/x/1');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('x/1');
+
+		await clicknav('#goto-y1');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('y/1');
+	});
+
+	test('back button returns to initial route', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing');
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/a"]');
+
+		await page.goBack();
+		await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Great success!');
+	});
+
+	test('back button returns to previous route when previous route has been navigated to via hash anchor', async ({
+		page,
+		clicknav
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/hashes/a');
+
+		await page.locator('[href="#hash-target"]').click();
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/hashes/b"]');
+
+		await page.goBack();
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('a');
+	});
+
+	test('focus works if page load has hash', async ({ page, browserName }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/hashes/target#p2');
+
+		await page.keyboard.press(browserName === 'webkit' ? 'Alt+Tab' : 'Tab');
+		await page.waitForTimeout(50); // give browser a bit of time to complete the native behavior of the key press
+		expect(
+			await page.evaluate(
+				() => document.activeElement?.textContent || 'ERROR: document.activeElement not set'
+			)
+		).toBe('next focus element');
+	});
+
+	test('focus works when navigating to a hash on the same page', async ({ page, browserName }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/hashes/target');
+
+		await page.click('[href="#p2"]');
+		await page.keyboard.press(browserName === 'webkit' ? 'Alt+Tab' : 'Tab');
+
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).textContent)).toBe(
+			'next focus element'
+		);
+	});
+
+	test(':target pseudo-selector works when navigating to a hash on the same page', async ({
+		page
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/hashes/target#p1');
+
+		expect(
+			await page.evaluate(() => {
+				const el = document.getElementById('p1');
+				return el && getComputedStyle(el).color;
+			})
+		).toBe('rgb(255, 0, 0)');
+		await page.click('[href="#p2"]');
+		expect(
+			await page.evaluate(() => {
+				const el = document.getElementById('p2');
+				return el && getComputedStyle(el).color;
+			})
+		).toBe('rgb(255, 0, 0)');
+	});
+
+	test('last parameter in a segment wins in cases of ambiguity', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/split-params');
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/split-params/x-y-z"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('x');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('y-z');
+	});
+
+	test('ignores navigation to URLs the app does not own', async ({ page, start_server }) => {
+		const { port } = await start_server((req, res) => res.end('ok'));
+
+		await page.goto(`/routing?port=${port}`);
+		await Promise.all([
+			page.click(`[href="http://localhost:${port}"]`),
+			// assert that the app can visit a URL not owned by the app without crashing
+			page.waitForURL(`http://localhost:${port}/`)
+		]);
+	});
+
+	test('navigates to ...rest', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/rest/abc/xyz');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('abc/xyz');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/xyz/abc/def/ghi"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('xyz/abc/def/ghi');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('xyz/abc/def/ghi');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/xyz/abc/def"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('xyz/abc/def');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('xyz/abc/def');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/xyz/abc"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('xyz/abc');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('xyz/abc');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/xyz/abc/deep"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('xyz/abc');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('xyz/abc');
+
+		await page.locator('[href="/routing/rest/xyz/abc/qwe/deep.json"]').click();
+		expect(await page.textContent('body')).toBe('xyz/abc/qwe');
+	});
+
+	test('rest parameters do not swallow characters', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/rest/non-greedy');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/non-greedy/foo/one/two"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('non-greedy');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('{"rest":"one/two"}');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/non-greedy/food/one/two"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).not.toBe('non-greedy');
+
+		await page.goBack();
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/non-greedy/one-bar/two/three"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('non-greedy');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('{"dynamic":"one","rest":"two/three"}');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/non-greedy/one-bard/two/three"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).not.toBe('non-greedy');
+	});
+
+	test('reloads when navigating between ...rest pages', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/rest/path/one');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('path: /routing/rest/path/one');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/path/two"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('path: /routing/rest/path/two');
+
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/path/three"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('path: /routing/rest/path/three');
+	});
+
+	test('allows rest routes to have prefixes and suffixes', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/rest/complex/prefix-one/two/three');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('parts: one/two/three');
+	});
+
+	test('links to unmatched routes result in a full page navigation, not a 404', async ({
+		page,
+		clicknav
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing');
+		await clicknav('[href="/static.json"]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('body')).toBe('"static file"\n');
+	});
+
+	test('navigation is cancelled upon subsequent navigation', async ({
+		baseURL,
+		page,
+		clicknav
+	}) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/cancellation');
+		await page.locator('[href="/routing/cancellation/a"]').click();
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/cancellation/b"]');
+
+		expect(await page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing/cancellation/b`);
+
+		await page.evaluate('window.fulfil_navigation && window.fulfil_navigation()');
+		expect(await page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing/cancellation/b`);
+	});
+
+	test('Relative paths are relative to the current URL', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/iframes');
+		await clicknav('[href="/iframes/nested/parent"]');
+
+		expect(await page.frameLocator('iframe').locator('h1').textContent()).toBe(
+			'Hello from the child'
+		);
+	});
+
+	test('exposes page.route.id', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+		await page.goto('/routing/route-id');
+		await clicknav('[href="/routing/route-id/foo"]');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('route.id in load: /routing/route-id/[x]');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('route.id in store: /routing/route-id/[x]');
+	});
+
+	test('serves a page that clashes with a root directory', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/static');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('hello');
+	});
+
+	test('shows "Not Found" in 404 case', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/404-fallback');
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('404');
+		expect(await page.textContent('p')).toBe('This is your custom error page saying: "Not Found"');
+	});
+
+	if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
+		test('Respects symlinks', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
+			await page.goto('/routing');
+			await clicknav('[href="/routing/symlink-from"]');
+
+			expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('symlinked');
+		});
+	}
+});
+
+test.describe('XSS', () => {
+	test('replaces %sveltekit.xxx% tags safely', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/unsafe-replacement');
+
+		const content = await page.textContent('body');
+		expect(content).toMatch('$& $&');
+	});
+
+	test('escapes inline data', async ({ page, javaScriptEnabled }) => {
+		await page.goto('/xss');
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe(
+			'user.name is </script><script>window.pwned = 1</script>'
+		);
+
+		if (!javaScriptEnabled) {
+			// @ts-expect-error - check global injected variable
+			expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.pwned)).toBeUndefined();
+		}
+	});
+
+	const uri_xss_payload = '</script><script>window.pwned=1</script>';
+	const uri_xss_payload_encoded = encodeURIComponent(uri_xss_payload);
+
+	test('no xss via dynamic route path', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto(`/xss/${uri_xss_payload_encoded}`);
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe(uri_xss_payload);
+
+		// @ts-expect-error - check global injected variable
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.pwned)).toBeUndefined();
+	});
+
+	test('no xss via query param', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto(`/xss/query?key=${uri_xss_payload_encoded}`);
+
+		expect(await page.textContent('#one')).toBe(JSON.stringify({ key: [uri_xss_payload] }));
+		expect(await page.textContent('#two')).toBe(JSON.stringify({ key: [uri_xss_payload] }));
+
+		// @ts-expect-error - check global injected variable
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.pwned)).toBeUndefined();
+	});
+
+	test('no xss via shadow endpoint', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.goto('/xss/shadow');
+
+		// @ts-expect-error - check global injected variable
+		expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.pwned)).toBeUndefined();
+		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe(
+			'user.name is </script><script>window.pwned = 1</script>'
+		);
+	});
+});
diff --git a/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/test/test.js b/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/test/test.js
index 0ae15fd6354b..86bb1cdade87 100644
--- a/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/test/test.js
+++ b/packages/kit/test/apps/basics/test/test.js
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import { test } from '../../../utils.js';
 
 /** @typedef {import('@playwright/test').Response} Response */
 
+test.skip(() => process.env.KIT_E2E_BROWSER === 'webkit');
+
 test.describe.configure({ mode: 'parallel' });
 
 test.describe('Imports', () => {
@@ -32,215 +34,6 @@ test.describe('Imports', () => {
 	});
 });
 
-test.describe('CSS', () => {
-	test('applies imported styles', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/css');
-
-		expect(
-			await page.evaluate(() => {
-				const el = document.querySelector('.styled');
-				return el && getComputedStyle(el).color;
-			})
-		).toBe('rgb(255, 0, 0)');
-	});
-
-	test('applies layout styles', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/css');
-
-		expect(
-			await page.evaluate(() => {
-				const el = document.querySelector('footer');
-				return el && getComputedStyle(el).color;
-			})
-		).toBe('rgb(128, 0, 128)');
-	});
-
-	test('applies local styles', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/css');
-
-		expect(
-			await page.evaluate(() => {
-				const el = document.querySelector('.also-styled');
-				return el && getComputedStyle(el).color;
-			})
-		).toBe('rgb(0, 0, 255)');
-	});
-
-	test('applies imported styles in the correct order', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/css');
-
-		const color = await page.$eval('.overridden', (el) => getComputedStyle(el).color);
-		expect(color).toBe('rgb(0, 128, 0)');
-	});
-});
-
-test.describe('Shadowed pages', () => {
-	test('Loads props from an endpoint', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed');
-		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/simple"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('The answer is 42');
-	});
-
-	test('Handles GET redirects', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed');
-		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/redirect-get"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Redirection was successful');
-	});
-
-	test('Handles GET redirects with cookies', async ({ page, context, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed');
-		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/redirect-get-with-cookie"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Redirection was successful');
-
-		const cookies = await context.cookies();
-		expect(cookies).toEqual(
-			expect.arrayContaining([expect.objectContaining({ name: 'shadow-redirect', value: 'happy' })])
-		);
-	});
-
-	test('Handles GET redirects with cookies from fetch response', async ({
-		page,
-		context,
-		clicknav
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed');
-		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/redirect-get-with-cookie-from-fetch"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Redirection was successful');
-
-		const cookies = await context.cookies();
-		expect(cookies).toEqual(
-			expect.arrayContaining([
-				expect.objectContaining({ name: 'shadow-redirect-fetch', value: 'happy' })
-			])
-		);
-	});
-
-	test('Handles POST redirects', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed');
-		await clicknav('#redirect-post');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Redirection was successful');
-	});
-
-	test('Handles POST redirects with cookies', async ({ page, context, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed');
-		await clicknav('#redirect-post-with-cookie');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Redirection was successful');
-
-		const cookies = await context.cookies();
-		expect(cookies).toEqual(
-			expect.arrayContaining([expect.objectContaining({ name: 'shadow-redirect', value: 'happy' })])
-		);
-	});
-
-	test('Handles POST success with returned location', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed/post-success-redirect');
-		await clicknav('button');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('POST was successful');
-	});
-
-	test('Renders error page for 4xx and 5xx responses from GET', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed');
-		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/error-get"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('404');
-	});
-
-	test('Merges bodies for 4xx and 5xx responses from non-GET', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed');
-		const [response] = await Promise.all([page.waitForNavigation(), page.click('#error-post')]);
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('hello from get / echo: posted data');
-
-		expect(response?.status()).toBe(400);
-		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('status: 400');
-	});
-
-	test('Endpoint receives consistent URL', async ({ baseURL, page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed/same-render-entry');
-		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/same-render?param1=value1"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe(`URL: ${baseURL}/shadowed/same-render?param1=value1`);
-	});
-
-	test('Works with missing get handler', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed');
-		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/no-get"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('hello');
-	});
-
-	test('Invalidates shadow data when URL changes', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed');
-		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/dynamic/foo"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('slug: foo');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/dynamic/bar"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('slug: bar');
-
-		await page.goto('/shadowed/dynamic/foo');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('slug: foo');
-		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/dynamic/bar"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('slug: bar');
-	});
-
-	test('Shadow redirect', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed/redirect');
-		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/redirect/a"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('done');
-	});
-
-	test('Endpoint without GET', async ({ page, clicknav, baseURL, javaScriptEnabled }) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed');
-
-		/** @type {string[]} */
-		const requests = [];
-		page.on('request', (r) => requests.push(r.url()));
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/missing-get"]');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('post without get');
-
-		// check that the router didn't fall back to the server
-		if (javaScriptEnabled) {
-			expect(requests).not.toContain(`${baseURL}/shadowed/missing-get`);
-		}
-	});
-
-	test('Parent data is present', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/shadowed/parent');
-		await expect(page.locator('h2')).toHaveText(
-			'Layout data: {"foo":{"bar":"Custom layout"},"layout":"layout"}'
-		);
-		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText(
-			'Page data: {"foo":{"bar":"Custom layout"},"layout":"layout","page":"page","data":{"rootlayout":"rootlayout","layout":"layout"}}'
-		);
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/parent?test"]');
-		await expect(page.locator('h2')).toHaveText(
-			'Layout data: {"foo":{"bar":"Custom layout"},"layout":"layout"}'
-		);
-		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText(
-			'Page data: {"foo":{"bar":"Custom layout"},"layout":"layout","page":"page","data":{"rootlayout":"rootlayout","layout":"layout"}}'
-		);
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/parent/sub"]');
-		await expect(page.locator('h2')).toHaveText(
-			'Layout data: {"foo":{"bar":"Custom layout"},"layout":"layout"}'
-		);
-		await expect(page.locator('p')).toHaveText(
-			'Page data: {"foo":{"bar":"Custom layout"},"layout":"layout","sub":"sub","data":{"rootlayout":"rootlayout","layout":"layout"}}'
-		);
-	});
-
-	if (process.env.DEV) {
-		test('Data must be serializable', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-			await page.goto('/shadowed');
-			await clicknav('[href="/shadowed/serialization"]');
-
-			expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('500');
-			expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-				'This is your custom error page saying: "Data returned from `load` while rendering /shadowed/serialization is not serializable: Cannot stringify arbitrary non-POJOs (data.nope)"'
-			);
-		});
-	}
-});
-
 test.describe('Encoded paths', () => {
 	test('visits a route with non-ASCII character', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
 		await page.goto('/encoded');
@@ -398,258 +191,6 @@ test.describe('$env', () => {
 	});
 });
 
-test.describe('Errors', () => {
-	if (process.env.DEV) {
-		// TODO these probably shouldn't have the full render treatment,
-		// given that they will never be user-visible in prod
-		test('server-side errors', async ({ page }) => {
-			await page.goto('/errors/serverside');
-
-			expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
-			expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-				'This is your custom error page saying: "Crashing now"'
-			);
-		});
-
-		test('server-side module context errors', async ({ page }) => {
-			test.fixme();
-
-			await page.goto('/errors/module-scope-server');
-
-			expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
-			expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-				'This is your custom error page saying: "Crashing now"'
-			);
-		});
-
-		test('errors on invalid load function response', async ({ page, app, javaScriptEnabled }) => {
-			if (javaScriptEnabled) {
-				await page.goto('/');
-				await app.goto('/errors/invalid-load-response');
-			} else {
-				await page.goto('/errors/invalid-load-response');
-			}
-
-			expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
-			expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-				'This is your custom error page saying: "a load function related to route \'/errors/invalid-load-response\' returned an array, but must return a plain object at the top level (i.e. `return {...}`)"'
-			);
-		});
-
-		test('errors on invalid server load function response', async ({
-			page,
-			app,
-			javaScriptEnabled
-		}) => {
-			if (javaScriptEnabled) {
-				await page.goto('/');
-				await app.goto('/errors/invalid-server-load-response');
-			} else {
-				await page.goto('/errors/invalid-server-load-response');
-			}
-
-			expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
-			expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-				'This is your custom error page saying: "a load function related to route \'/errors/invalid-server-load-response\' returned an array, but must return a plain object at the top level (i.e. `return {...}`)"'
-			);
-		});
-	}
-
-	test('server-side load errors', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/errors/load-server');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-			'This is your custom error page saying: "Crashing now"'
-		);
-
-		expect(
-			await page.evaluate(() => {
-				const el = document.querySelector('h1');
-				return el && getComputedStyle(el).color;
-			})
-		).toBe('rgb(255, 0, 0)');
-	});
-
-	test('404', async ({ page }) => {
-		const response = await page.goto('/why/would/anyone/fetch/this/url');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-			'This is your custom error page saying: "Not found: /why/would/anyone/fetch/this/url"'
-		);
-		expect(/** @type {Response} */ (response).status()).toBe(404);
-	});
-
-	test('server-side error from load() is a string', async ({ page }) => {
-		const response = await page.goto('/errors/load-error-string-server');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-			'This is your custom error page saying: "Not found"'
-		);
-		expect(/** @type {Response} */ (response).status()).toBe(555);
-	});
-
-	test('server-side error from load() is an Error', async ({ page }) => {
-		const response = await page.goto('/errors/load-error-server');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('footer')).toBe('Custom layout');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-			'This is your custom error page saying: "Not found"'
-		);
-		expect(/** @type {Response} */ (response).status()).toBe(555);
-	});
-
-	test('error in endpoint', async ({ page, read_errors }) => {
-		const res = await page.goto('/errors/endpoint');
-
-		// should include stack trace
-		const lines = read_errors('/errors/endpoint.json').stack.split('\n');
-		expect(lines[0]).toMatch('nope');
-
-		if (process.env.DEV) {
-			expect(lines[1]).toMatch('endpoint.json');
-		}
-
-		expect(res && res.status()).toBe(500);
-		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe('This is your custom error page saying: "500"');
-	});
-
-	test('error in shadow endpoint', async ({ page, read_errors }) => {
-		const res = await page.goto('/errors/endpoint-shadow');
-
-		// should include stack trace
-		const lines = read_errors('/errors/endpoint-shadow').stack.split('\n');
-		expect(lines[0]).toMatch('nope');
-
-		if (process.env.DEV) {
-			expect(lines[1]).toMatch('+page.server.js:3:8');
-		}
-
-		expect(res && res.status()).toBe(500);
-		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-			'This is your custom error page saying: "nope"'
-		);
-	});
-
-	test('not ok response from shadow endpoint', async ({ page, read_errors }) => {
-		const res = await page.goto('/errors/endpoint-shadow-not-ok');
-
-		expect(read_errors('/errors/endpoint-shadow-not-ok')).toBeUndefined();
-
-		expect(res && res.status()).toBe(555);
-		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-			'This is your custom error page saying: "Error: 555"'
-		);
-	});
-
-	test('prerendering a page with a mutative page endpoint results in a catchable error', async ({
-		page
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/prerendering/mutative-endpoint');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('500');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-			'This is your custom error page saying: "Cannot prerender pages with actions"'
-		);
-	});
-
-	test('page endpoint GET thrown error message is preserved', async ({
-		page,
-		clicknav,
-		read_errors
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/errors/page-endpoint');
-		await clicknav('#get-implicit');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('pre')).toBe(
-			JSON.stringify({ status: 500, message: 'oops' }, null, '  ')
-		);
-
-		const { status, name, message, stack, fancy } = read_errors(
-			'/errors/page-endpoint/get-implicit'
-		);
-		expect(status).toBe(undefined);
-		expect(name).toBe('FancyError');
-		expect(message).toBe('oops');
-		expect(fancy).toBe(true);
-		if (process.env.DEV) {
-			const lines = stack.split('\n');
-			expect(lines[1]).toContain('+page.server.js:4:8');
-		}
-	});
-
-	test('page endpoint GET HttpError message is preserved', async ({
-		page,
-		clicknav,
-		read_errors
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/errors/page-endpoint');
-		await clicknav('#get-explicit');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('pre')).toBe(
-			JSON.stringify({ status: 400, message: 'oops' }, null, '  ')
-		);
-
-		const error = read_errors('/errors/page-endpoint/get-explicit');
-		expect(error).toBe(undefined);
-	});
-
-	test('page endpoint POST unexpected error message is preserved', async ({
-		page,
-		clicknav,
-		read_errors
-	}) => {
-		// The case where we're submitting a POST request via a form.
-		// It should show the __error template with our message.
-		await page.goto('/errors/page-endpoint');
-		await clicknav('#post-implicit');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('pre')).toBe(
-			JSON.stringify({ status: 500, message: 'oops' }, null, '  ')
-		);
-
-		const { status, name, message, stack, fancy } = read_errors(
-			'/errors/page-endpoint/post-implicit'
-		);
-
-		expect(status).toBe(undefined);
-		expect(name).toBe('FancyError');
-		expect(message).toBe('oops');
-		expect(fancy).toBe(true);
-		if (process.env.DEV) {
-			const lines = stack.split('\n');
-			expect(lines[1]).toContain('+page.server.js:6:9');
-		}
-	});
-
-	test('page endpoint POST HttpError error message is preserved', async ({
-		page,
-		clicknav,
-		read_errors
-	}) => {
-		// The case where we're submitting a POST request via a form.
-		// It should show the __error template with our message.
-		await page.goto('/errors/page-endpoint');
-		await clicknav('#post-explicit');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('pre')).toBe(
-			JSON.stringify({ status: 400, message: 'oops' }, null, '  ')
-		);
-
-		const error = read_errors('/errors/page-endpoint/post-explicit');
-		expect(error).toBe(undefined);
-	});
-});
-
-test.describe('Headers', () => {
-	test('allows headers to be sent as a Headers class instead of a POJO', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/headers/class');
-		expect(await page.innerHTML('p')).toBe('bar');
-	});
-});
-
 test.describe('Load', () => {
 	test('fetch in root index.svelte works', async ({ page }) => {
 		await page.goto('/');
@@ -1250,480 +791,6 @@ test.describe('searchParams', () => {
 	});
 });
 
-test.describe('Redirects', () => {
-	test('redirect', async ({ baseURL, page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/redirect');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/redirect/a"]');
-
-		await page.waitForURL('/redirect/c');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('c');
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect/c`);
-
-		await page.goBack();
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect`);
-	});
-
-	test('prevents redirect loops', async ({ baseURL, page, javaScriptEnabled, browserName }) => {
-		await page.goto('/redirect');
-
-		await page.locator('[href="/redirect/loopy/a"]').click();
-
-		if (javaScriptEnabled) {
-			await page.waitForSelector('#message');
-			expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect/loopy/a`);
-			expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('500');
-			expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-				'This is your custom error page saying: "Redirect loop"'
-			);
-		} else {
-			// there's not a lot we can do to handle server-side redirect loops
-			if (browserName === 'chromium') {
-				expect(page.url()).toBe('chrome-error://chromewebdata/');
-			} else {
-				expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect`);
-			}
-		}
-	});
-
-	test('errors on missing status', async ({
-		baseURL,
-		page,
-		clicknav,
-		javaScriptEnabled,
-		read_errors
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/redirect');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/redirect/missing-status/a"]');
-
-		const message = process.env.DEV || !javaScriptEnabled ? 'Invalid status code' : 'Redirect loop';
-
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect/missing-status/a`);
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('500');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-			`This is your custom error page saying: "${message}"`
-		);
-
-		if (!javaScriptEnabled) {
-			// handleError is not invoked for client-side navigation
-			const lines = read_errors('/redirect/missing-status/a').stack.split('\n');
-			expect(lines[0]).toBe(`Error: ${message}`);
-		}
-	});
-
-	test('errors on invalid status', async ({ baseURL, page, clicknav, javaScriptEnabled }) => {
-		await page.goto('/redirect');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/redirect/missing-status/b"]');
-
-		const message = process.env.DEV || !javaScriptEnabled ? 'Invalid status code' : 'Redirect loop';
-
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect/missing-status/b`);
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('500');
-		expect(await page.textContent('#message')).toBe(
-			`This is your custom error page saying: "${message}"`
-		);
-	});
-
-	test('redirect-on-load', async ({ baseURL, page, javaScriptEnabled }) => {
-		const redirected_to_url = javaScriptEnabled
-			? `${baseURL}/redirect-on-load/redirected`
-			: `${baseURL}/redirect-on-load`;
-
-		await Promise.all([page.waitForResponse(redirected_to_url), page.goto('/redirect-on-load')]);
-
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(redirected_to_url);
-
-		if (javaScriptEnabled) {
-			expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Hazaa!');
-		}
-	});
-
-	test('redirect response in handle hook', async ({ baseURL, clicknav, page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/redirect');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/redirect/in-handle?response"]');
-
-		await page.waitForURL('/redirect/c');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('c');
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect/c`);
-
-		await page.goBack();
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect`);
-	});
-
-	test('throw redirect in handle hook', async ({ baseURL, clicknav, page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/redirect');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/redirect/in-handle?throw"]');
-
-		await page.waitForURL('/redirect/c');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('c');
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect/c`);
-
-		await page.goBack();
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/redirect`);
-	});
-});
-
-test.describe('Routing', () => {
-	test('redirects from /routing/ to /routing', async ({
-		baseURL,
-		page,
-		clicknav,
-		app,
-		javaScriptEnabled
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/slashes');
-
-		await clicknav('a[href="/routing/"]');
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing`);
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Great success!');
-
-		if (javaScriptEnabled) {
-			await page.goto(`${baseURL}/routing/slashes`);
-			await app.goto('/routing/');
-			expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing`);
-			expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Great success!');
-		}
-	});
-
-	test('redirects from /routing/? to /routing', async ({
-		baseURL,
-		page,
-		clicknav,
-		app,
-		javaScriptEnabled
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/slashes');
-
-		await clicknav('a[href="/routing/?"]');
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing`);
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Great success!');
-
-		if (javaScriptEnabled) {
-			await page.goto(`${baseURL}/routing/slashes`);
-			await app.goto('/routing/?');
-			expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing`);
-			expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Great success!');
-		}
-	});
-
-	test('redirects from /routing/?foo=bar to /routing?foo=bar', async ({
-		baseURL,
-		page,
-		clicknav,
-		app,
-		javaScriptEnabled
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/slashes');
-
-		await clicknav('a[href="/routing/?foo=bar"]');
-		expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing?foo=bar`);
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Great success!');
-
-		if (javaScriptEnabled) {
-			await page.goto(`${baseURL}/routing/slashes`);
-			await app.goto('/routing/?foo=bar');
-			expect(page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing?foo=bar`);
-			expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Great success!');
-		}
-	});
-
-	test('serves static route', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/a');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('a');
-	});
-
-	test('serves static route from dir/index.html file', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/b');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('b');
-	});
-
-	test('serves static route under client directory', async ({ baseURL, page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/client/foo');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('foo');
-
-		await page.goto(`${baseURL}/routing/client/bar`);
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('bar');
-
-		await page.goto(`${baseURL}/routing/client/bar/b`);
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('b');
-	});
-
-	test('serves dynamic route', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/test-slug');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('test-slug');
-	});
-
-	test('does not attempt client-side navigation to server routes', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing');
-		await page.locator('[href="/routing/ambiguous/ok.json"]').click();
-		expect(await page.textContent('body')).toBe('ok');
-	});
-
-	test('does not attempt client-side navigation to links with data-sveltekit-reload', async ({
-		baseURL,
-		page,
-		clicknav
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing');
-
-		/** @type {string[]} */
-		const requests = [];
-		page.on('request', (r) => requests.push(r.url()));
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/b"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('b');
-		expect(requests).toContain(`${baseURL}/routing/b`);
-	});
-
-	test('allows reserved words as route names', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/const');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('reserved words are okay as routes');
-	});
-
-	test('resets the active element after navigation', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing');
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/a"]');
-		await page.waitForFunction(() => (document.activeElement || {}).nodeName == 'BODY');
-	});
-
-	test('navigates between routes with empty parts', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/dirs/foo');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('foo');
-		await clicknav('[href="bar"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('bar');
-	});
-
-	test('navigates between dynamic routes with same segments', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/dirs/bar/xyz');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('A page');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/dirs/foo/xyz"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('B page');
-	});
-
-	test('invalidates page when a segment is skipped', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/skipped/x/1');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('x/1');
-
-		await clicknav('#goto-y1');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('y/1');
-	});
-
-	test('back button returns to initial route', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing');
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/a"]');
-
-		await page.goBack();
-		await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('Great success!');
-	});
-
-	test('back button returns to previous route when previous route has been navigated to via hash anchor', async ({
-		page,
-		clicknav
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/hashes/a');
-
-		await page.locator('[href="#hash-target"]').click();
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/hashes/b"]');
-
-		await page.goBack();
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('a');
-	});
-
-	test('focus works if page load has hash', async ({ page, browserName }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/hashes/target#p2');
-
-		await page.keyboard.press(browserName === 'webkit' ? 'Alt+Tab' : 'Tab');
-		await page.waitForTimeout(50); // give browser a bit of time to complete the native behavior of the key press
-		expect(
-			await page.evaluate(
-				() => document.activeElement?.textContent || 'ERROR: document.activeElement not set'
-			)
-		).toBe('next focus element');
-	});
-
-	test('focus works when navigating to a hash on the same page', async ({ page, browserName }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/hashes/target');
-
-		await page.click('[href="#p2"]');
-		await page.keyboard.press(browserName === 'webkit' ? 'Alt+Tab' : 'Tab');
-
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => (document.activeElement || {}).textContent)).toBe(
-			'next focus element'
-		);
-	});
-
-	test(':target pseudo-selector works when navigating to a hash on the same page', async ({
-		page
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/hashes/target#p1');
-
-		expect(
-			await page.evaluate(() => {
-				const el = document.getElementById('p1');
-				return el && getComputedStyle(el).color;
-			})
-		).toBe('rgb(255, 0, 0)');
-		await page.click('[href="#p2"]');
-		expect(
-			await page.evaluate(() => {
-				const el = document.getElementById('p2');
-				return el && getComputedStyle(el).color;
-			})
-		).toBe('rgb(255, 0, 0)');
-	});
-
-	test('last parameter in a segment wins in cases of ambiguity', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/split-params');
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/split-params/x-y-z"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('x');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('y-z');
-	});
-
-	test('ignores navigation to URLs the app does not own', async ({ page, start_server }) => {
-		const { port } = await start_server((req, res) => res.end('ok'));
-
-		await page.goto(`/routing?port=${port}`);
-		await Promise.all([
-			page.click(`[href="http://localhost:${port}"]`),
-			// assert that the app can visit a URL not owned by the app without crashing
-			page.waitForURL(`http://localhost:${port}/`)
-		]);
-	});
-
-	test('navigates to ...rest', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/rest/abc/xyz');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('abc/xyz');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/xyz/abc/def/ghi"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('xyz/abc/def/ghi');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('xyz/abc/def/ghi');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/xyz/abc/def"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('xyz/abc/def');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('xyz/abc/def');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/xyz/abc"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('xyz/abc');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('xyz/abc');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/xyz/abc/deep"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('xyz/abc');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('xyz/abc');
-
-		await page.locator('[href="/routing/rest/xyz/abc/qwe/deep.json"]').click();
-		expect(await page.textContent('body')).toBe('xyz/abc/qwe');
-	});
-
-	test('rest parameters do not swallow characters', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/rest/non-greedy');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/non-greedy/foo/one/two"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('non-greedy');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('{"rest":"one/two"}');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/non-greedy/food/one/two"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).not.toBe('non-greedy');
-
-		await page.goBack();
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/non-greedy/one-bar/two/three"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('non-greedy');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('{"dynamic":"one","rest":"two/three"}');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/non-greedy/one-bard/two/three"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).not.toBe('non-greedy');
-	});
-
-	test('reloads when navigating between ...rest pages', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/rest/path/one');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('path: /routing/rest/path/one');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/path/two"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('path: /routing/rest/path/two');
-
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/rest/path/three"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('path: /routing/rest/path/three');
-	});
-
-	test('allows rest routes to have prefixes and suffixes', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/rest/complex/prefix-one/two/three');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('parts: one/two/three');
-	});
-
-	test('links to unmatched routes result in a full page navigation, not a 404', async ({
-		page,
-		clicknav
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing');
-		await clicknav('[href="/static.json"]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('body')).toBe('"static file"\n');
-	});
-
-	test('navigation is cancelled upon subsequent navigation', async ({
-		baseURL,
-		page,
-		clicknav
-	}) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/cancellation');
-		await page.locator('[href="/routing/cancellation/a"]').click();
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/cancellation/b"]');
-
-		expect(await page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing/cancellation/b`);
-
-		await page.evaluate('window.fulfil_navigation && window.fulfil_navigation()');
-		expect(await page.url()).toBe(`${baseURL}/routing/cancellation/b`);
-	});
-
-	test('Relative paths are relative to the current URL', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/iframes');
-		await clicknav('[href="/iframes/nested/parent"]');
-
-		expect(await page.frameLocator('iframe').locator('h1').textContent()).toBe(
-			'Hello from the child'
-		);
-	});
-
-	test('exposes page.route.id', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-		await page.goto('/routing/route-id');
-		await clicknav('[href="/routing/route-id/foo"]');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('route.id in load: /routing/route-id/[x]');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h2')).toBe('route.id in store: /routing/route-id/[x]');
-	});
-
-	test('serves a page that clashes with a root directory', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/static');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('hello');
-	});
-
-	test('shows "Not Found" in 404 case', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/404-fallback');
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('404');
-		expect(await page.textContent('p')).toBe('This is your custom error page saying: "Not Found"');
-	});
-
-	if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
-		test('Respects symlinks', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
-			await page.goto('/routing');
-			await clicknav('[href="/routing/symlink-from"]');
-
-			expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe('symlinked');
-		});
-	}
-});
-
 test.describe('Matchers', () => {
 	test('Matches parameters', async ({ page, clicknav }) => {
 		await page.goto('/routing/matched');
@@ -1742,60 +809,6 @@ test.describe('Matchers', () => {
 	});
 });
 
-test.describe('XSS', () => {
-	test('replaces %sveltekit.xxx% tags safely', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/unsafe-replacement');
-
-		const content = await page.textContent('body');
-		expect(content).toMatch('$& $&');
-	});
-
-	test('escapes inline data', async ({ page, javaScriptEnabled }) => {
-		await page.goto('/xss');
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe(
-			'user.name is </script><script>window.pwned = 1</script>'
-		);
-
-		if (!javaScriptEnabled) {
-			// @ts-expect-error - check global injected variable
-			expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.pwned)).toBeUndefined();
-		}
-	});
-
-	const uri_xss_payload = '</script><script>window.pwned=1</script>';
-	const uri_xss_payload_encoded = encodeURIComponent(uri_xss_payload);
-
-	test('no xss via dynamic route path', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto(`/xss/${uri_xss_payload_encoded}`);
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe(uri_xss_payload);
-
-		// @ts-expect-error - check global injected variable
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.pwned)).toBeUndefined();
-	});
-
-	test('no xss via query param', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto(`/xss/query?key=${uri_xss_payload_encoded}`);
-
-		expect(await page.textContent('#one')).toBe(JSON.stringify({ key: [uri_xss_payload] }));
-		expect(await page.textContent('#two')).toBe(JSON.stringify({ key: [uri_xss_payload] }));
-
-		// @ts-expect-error - check global injected variable
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.pwned)).toBeUndefined();
-	});
-
-	test('no xss via shadow endpoint', async ({ page }) => {
-		await page.goto('/xss/shadow');
-
-		// @ts-expect-error - check global injected variable
-		expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.pwned)).toBeUndefined();
-		expect(await page.textContent('h1')).toBe(
-			'user.name is </script><script>window.pwned = 1</script>'
-		);
-	});
-});
-
 test.describe('Actions', () => {
 	test('Error props are returned', async ({ page, javaScriptEnabled }) => {
 		await page.goto('/actions/form-errors');
@@ -2003,8 +1016,7 @@ test.describe('Actions', () => {
 test.describe.serial('Cookies API', () => {
 	// there's a problem running these tests in the CI with webkit,
 	// since AFAICT the browser is using http://localhost and webkit won't
-	// set a `Secure` cookie on that. So we bail...
-	test.skip(({ browserName }) => browserName === 'webkit');
+	// set a `Secure` cookie on that. So we don't run these cross-browser
 
 	test('sanity check for cookies', async ({ page }) => {
 		await page.goto('/cookies');
diff --git a/packages/kit/test/apps/writes/package.json b/packages/kit/test/apps/writes/package.json
index a4879d8c8f45..53b981b906ce 100644
--- a/packages/kit/test/apps/writes/package.json
+++ b/packages/kit/test/apps/writes/package.json
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 		"preview": "vite preview",
 		"check": "svelte-kit sync && tsc && svelte-check",
 		"test": "pnpm test:dev && pnpm test:build",
-		"test:dev": "rimraf test/errors.json && cross-env DEV=true playwright test",
-		"test:build": "rimraf test/errors.json && playwright test"
+		"test:dev": "cross-env DEV=true playwright test",
+		"test:build": "playwright test"
 	},
 	"devDependencies": {
 		"@sveltejs/kit": "workspace:^",
diff --git a/turbo.json b/turbo.json
index fa32ca6b676e..044145cfdc64 100644
--- a/turbo.json
+++ b/turbo.json
@@ -4,22 +4,23 @@
 		"kit.svelte.dev#build": {
 			"dependsOn": ["^build"],
 			"inputs": ["src/**", "../../packages/kit/docs/**", "../../documentation/**"],
-			"outputs": [".vercel_build_output/**", ".vercel/output/**"],
+			"outputs": [".vercel/output/**"],
 			"outputMode": "new-only",
-			"env": ["VERCEL", "ENABLE_VC_BUILD"]
+			"env": ["VERCEL"]
 		},
-		"build": {
+		"create-svelte#build": {
 			"dependsOn": ["^build"],
 			"inputs": ["src/**", "scripts/**", "shared/**", "templates/**"],
-			"outputs": [
-				"files/**",
-				"dist/**",
-				".svelte-kit/**",
-				".vercel_build_output/**",
-				".vercel/output/**"
-			],
+			"outputs": ["dist/**"],
+			"outputMode": "new-only",
+			"env": ["VERCEL"]
+		},
+		"build": {
+			"dependsOn": ["^build"],
+			"inputs": ["src/**"],
+			"outputs": ["files/**", "dist/**", ".svelte-kit/**", ".vercel/output/**"],
 			"outputMode": "new-only",
-			"env": ["VERCEL", "ENABLE_VC_BUILD"]
+			"env": ["VERCEL"]
 		},
 		"check": {
 			"inputs": [
@@ -43,6 +44,13 @@
 		},
 		"test": {
 			"dependsOn": ["^build"],
+			"inputs": ["test/**"],
+			"outputs": ["coverage/", "test-results/**"],
+			"outputMode": "new-only",
+			"env": ["CI", "TURBO_CACHE_KEY"]
+		},
+		"test:cross-browser": {
+			"inputs": ["src/**", "scripts/**", "shared/**", "templates/**", "test/**"],
 			"outputs": ["coverage/", "test-results/**"],
 			"outputMode": "new-only",
 			"env": ["CI", "TURBO_CACHE_KEY"]