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ChatGPT + Enterprise data with Azure OpenAI and Cognitive Search

Table of Contents

Open in GitHub Codespaces Open in Remote - Containers

This sample demonstrates a few approaches for creating ChatGPT-like experiences over your own data using the Retrieval Augmented Generation pattern. It uses Azure OpenAI Service to access the ChatGPT model (gpt-35-turbo), and Azure Cognitive Search for data indexing and retrieval.

The repo includes sample data so it's ready to try end to end. In this sample application we use a fictitious company called Contoso Electronics, and the experience allows its employees to ask questions about the benefits, internal policies, as well as job descriptions and roles.

RAG Architecture

Features

  • Chat and Q&A interfaces
  • Explores various options to help users evaluate the trustworthiness of responses with citations, tracking of source content, etc.
  • Shows possible approaches for data preparation, prompt construction, and orchestration of interaction between model (ChatGPT) and retriever (Cognitive Search)
  • Settings directly in the UX to tweak the behavior and experiment with options
  • Optional performance tracing and monitoring with Application Insights

Chat screen

Azure account requirements

IMPORTANT: In order to deploy and run this example, you'll need:

Azure deployment

Cost estimation

Pricing varies per region and usage, so it isn't possible to predict exact costs for your usage. However, you can try the Azure pricing calculator for the resources below.

  • Azure App Service: Basic Tier with 1 CPU core, 1.75 GB RAM. Pricing per hour. Pricing
  • Azure OpenAI: Standard tier, ChatGPT and Ada models. Pricing per 1K tokens used, and at least 1K tokens are used per question. Pricing
  • Form Recognizer: SO (Standard) tier using pre-built layout. Pricing per document page, sample documents have 261 pages total. Pricing
  • Azure Cognitive Search: Standard tier, 1 replica, free level of semantic search. Pricing per hour.Pricing
  • Azure Blob Storage: Standard tier with ZRS (Zone-redundant storage). Pricing per storage and read operations. Pricing
  • Azure Monitor: Pay-as-you-go tier. Costs based on data ingested. Pricing

To reduce costs, you can switch to free SKUs for Azure App Service, Azure Cognitive Search, and Form Recognizer by changing the parameters file under the infra folder. There are some limits to consider; for example, you can have up to 1 free Cognitive Search resource per subscription, and the free Form Recognizer resource only analyzes the first 2 pages of each document. You can also reduce costs associated with the Form Recognizer by reducing the number of documents in the data folder, or by removing the postprovision hook in azure.yaml that runs the prepdocs.py script.

⚠️ To avoid unnecessary costs, remember to take down your app if it's no longer in use, either by deleting the resource group in the Portal or running azd down.

Project setup

You have a few options for setting up this project. The easiest way to get started is GitHub Codespaces, since it will setup all the tools for you, but you can also set it up locally if desired.

GitHub Codespaces

You can run this repo virtually by using GitHub Codespaces, which will open a web-based VS Code in your browser:

Open in GitHub Codespaces

VS Code Remote Containers

A related option is VS Code Remote Containers, which will open the project in your local VS Code using the Dev Containers extension:

Open in Remote - Containers

Local environment

First install the required tools:

  • Azure Developer CLI
  • Python 3.9+
    • Important: Python and the pip package manager must be in the path in Windows for the setup scripts to work.
    • Important: Ensure you can run python --version from console. On Ubuntu, you might need to run sudo apt install python-is-python3 to link python to python3.
  • Node.js 14+
  • Git
  • Powershell 7+ (pwsh) - For Windows users only.
    • Important: Ensure you can run pwsh.exe from a PowerShell terminal. If this fails, you likely need to upgrade PowerShell.

Then bring down the project code:

  1. Create a new folder and switch to it in the terminal
  2. Run azd auth login
  3. Run azd init -t azure-search-openai-demo
    • note that this command will initialize a git repository and you do not need to clone this repository

Deploying from scratch

Execute the following command, if you don't have any pre-existing Azure services and want to start from a fresh deployment.

  1. Run azd up - This will provision Azure resources and deploy this sample to those resources, including building the search index based on the files found in the ./data folder.
    • You will be prompted to select two locations, one for the majority of resources and one for the OpenAI resource, which is currently a short list. That location list is based on the OpenAI model availability table and may become outdated as availability changes.
  2. After the application has been successfully deployed you will see a URL printed to the console. Click that URL to interact with the application in your browser. It will look like the following:

'Output from running azd up'

NOTE: It may take 5-10 minutes for the application to be fully deployed. If you see a "Python Developer" welcome screen or an error page, then wait a bit and refresh the page.

Deploying with existing Azure resources

If you already have existing Azure resources, you can re-use those by setting azd environment values.

Existing OpenAI resource

  1. Run azd env set AZURE_OPENAI_SERVICE {Name of existing OpenAI service}
  2. Run azd env set AZURE_OPENAI_RESOURCE_GROUP {Name of existing resource group that OpenAI service is provisioned to}
  3. Run azd env set AZURE_OPENAI_CHATGPT_DEPLOYMENT {Name of existing ChatGPT deployment}. Only needed if your ChatGPT deployment is not the default 'chat'.
  4. Run azd env set AZURE_OPENAI_EMB_DEPLOYMENT {Name of existing GPT embedding deployment}. Only needed if your embeddings deployment is not the default 'embedding'.

Existing Azure Cognitive Search resource

  1. Run azd env set AZURE_SEARCH_SERVICE {Name of existing Azure Cognitive Search service}
  2. Run azd env set AZURE_SEARCH_SERVICE_RESOURCE_GROUP {Name of existing resource group with ACS service}
  3. If that resource group is in a different location than the one you'll pick for the azd up step, then run azd env set AZURE_SEARCH_SERVICE_LOCATION {Location of existing service}
  4. If the search service's SKU is not standard, then run azd env set AZURE_SEARCH_SERVICE_SKU {Name of SKU}. (See possible values)

Other existing Azure resources

You can also use existing Form Recognizer and Storage Accounts. See ./infra/main.parameters.json for list of environment variables to pass to azd env set to configure those existing resources.

Provision remaining resources

Now you can run azd up, following the steps in Deploying from scratch above. That will both provision resources and deploy the code.

Deploying again

If you've only changed the backend/frontend code in the app folder, then you don't need to re-provision the Azure resources. You can just run:

azd deploy

If you've changed the infrastructure files (infra folder or azure.yaml), then you'll need to re-provision the Azure resources. You can do that by running:

azd up

Sharing environments

To give someone else access to a completely deployed and existing environment, either you or they can follow these steps:

  1. Install the Azure CLI
  2. Run azd init -t azure-search-openai-demo or clone this repository.
  3. Run azd env refresh -e {environment name} They will need the azd environment name, subscription ID, and location to run this command. You can find those values in your .azure/{env name}/.env file. This will populate their azd environment's .env file with all the settings needed to run the app locally.
  4. Set the environment variable AZURE_PRINCIPAL_ID either in that .env file or in the active shell to their Azure ID, which they can get with az ad signed-in-user show.
  5. Run ./scripts/roles.ps1 or .scripts/roles.sh to assign all of the necessary roles to the user. If they do not have the necessary permission to create roles in the subscription, then you may need to run this script for them. Once the script runs, they should be able to run the app locally.

Enabling optional features

Enabling Application Insights

To enable Application Insights and the tracing of each request, along with the logging of errors, set the AZURE_USE_APPLICATION_INSIGHTS variable to true before running azd up

  1. Run azd env set AZURE_USE_APPLICATION_INSIGHTS true
  2. Run azd up

To see the performance data, go to the Application Insights resource in your resource group, click on the "Investigate -> Performance" blade and navigate to any HTTP request to see the timing data. To inspect the performance of chat requests, use the "Drill into Samples" button to see end-to-end traces of all the API calls made for any chat request:

Tracing screenshot

To see any exceptions and server errors, navigate to the "Investigate -> Failures" blade and use the filtering tools to locate a specific exception. You can see Python stack traces on the right-hand side.

Enabling authentication

By default, the deployed Azure web app will have no authentication or access restrictions enabled, meaning anyone with routable network access to the web app can chat with your indexed data. You can require authentication to your Azure Active Directory by following the Add app authentication tutorial and set it up against the deployed web app.

To then limit access to a specific set of users or groups, you can follow the steps from Restrict your Azure AD app to a set of users by changing "Assignment Required?" option under the Enterprise Application, and then assigning users/groups access. Users not granted explicit access will receive the error message -AADSTS50105: Your administrator has configured the application <app_name> to block users unless they are specifically granted ('assigned') access to the application.-

Running locally

You can only run locally after having successfully run the azd up command. If you haven't yet, follow the steps in Azure deployment above.

  1. Run azd auth login
  2. Change dir to app
  3. Run ./start.ps1 or ./start.sh or run the "VS Code Task: Start App" to start the project locally.

Using the app

  • In Azure: navigate to the Azure WebApp deployed by azd. The URL is printed out when azd completes (as "Endpoint"), or you can find it in the Azure portal.
  • Running locally: navigate to 127.0.0.1:50505

Once in the web app:

  • Try different topics in chat or Q&A context. For chat, try follow up questions, clarifications, ask to simplify or elaborate on answer, etc.
  • Explore citations and sources
  • Click on "settings" to try different options, tweak prompts, etc.

Productionizing

This sample is designed to be a starting point for your own production application, but you should do a thorough review of the security and performance before deploying to production. Here are some things to consider:

  • OpenAI Capacity: The default TPM (tokens per minute) is set to 30K. That is equivalent to approximately 30 conversations per minute (assuming 1K per user message/response). You can increase the capacity by changing the chatGptDeploymentCapacity and embeddingDeploymentCapacity parameters in infra/main.bicep to your account's maximum capacity. You can also view the Quotas tab in Azure OpenAI studio to understand how much capacity you have.
  • Azure Storage: The default storage account uses the Standard_LRS SKU. To improve your resiliency, we recommend using Standard_ZRS for production deployments, which you can specify using the sku property under the storage module in infra/main.bicep.
  • Azure Cognitive Search: The default search service uses the Standard SKU with the free semantic search option, which gives you 1000 free queries a month. Assuming your app will experience more than 1000 questions, you should either change semanticSearch to "standard" or disable semantic search entirely in the /app/backend/approaches files. If you see errors about search service capacity being exceeded, you may find it helpful to increase the number of replicas by changing replicaCount in infra/core/search/search-services.bicep or manually scaling it from the Azure Portal.
  • Azure App Service: The default app service plan uses the Basic SKU with 1 CPU core and 1.75 GB RAM. We recommend using a Premium level SKU, starting with 1 CPU core. You can use auto-scaling rules or scheduled scaling rules, and scale up the maximum/minimum based on load.
  • Authentication: By default, the deployed app is publicly accessible. We recommend restricting access to authenticated users. See Enabling authentication above for how to enable authentication.
  • Networking: We recommend deploying inside a Virtual Network. If the app is only for internal enterprise use, use a private DNS zone. Also consider using Azure API Management (APIM) for firewalls and other forms of protection. For more details, read Azure OpenAI Landing Zone reference architecture.
  • Loadtesting: We recommend running a loadtest for your expected number of users. You can use the locust tool with the locustfile.py in this sample or set up a loadtest with Azure Load Testing.

Resources

Note

Note: The PDF documents used in this demo contain information generated using a language model (Azure OpenAI Service). The information contained in these documents is only for demonstration purposes and does not reflect the opinions or beliefs of Microsoft. Microsoft makes no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with respect to the information contained in this document. All rights reserved to Microsoft.

FAQ

Why do we need to break up the PDFs into chunks when Azure Cognitive Search supports searching large documents?

Chunking allows us to limit the amount of information we send to OpenAI due to token limits. By breaking up the content, it allows us to easily find potential chunks of text that we can inject into OpenAI. The method of chunking we use leverages a sliding window of text such that sentences that end one chunk will start the next. This allows us to reduce the chance of losing the context of the text.

How can we upload additional PDFs without redeploying everything?

To upload more PDFs, put them in the data/ folder and run ./scripts/prepdocs.sh or ./scripts/prepdocs.ps1. To avoid reuploading existing docs, move them out of the data folder. You could also implement checks to see whats been uploaded before; our code doesn't yet have such checks.

How does this sample compare to other Chat with Your Data samples?

Another popular repository for this use case is here: https://github.com/Microsoft/sample-app-aoai-chatGPT/

That repository is designed for use by customers using Azure OpenAI studio and Azure Portal for setup. It also includes azd support for folks who want to deploy it completely from scratch.

The primary differences:

  • This repository includes multiple RAG (retrieval-augmented generation) approaches that chain the results of multiple API calls (to Azure OpenAI and ACS) together in different ways. The other repository uses only the built-in data sources option for the ChatCompletions API, which uses a RAG approach on the specified ACS index. That should work for most uses, but if you needed more flexibility, this sample may be a better option.
  • This repository is also a bit more experimental in other ways, since it's not tied to the Azure OpenAI Studio like the other repository.
How do you use GPT-4 with this sample?

In infra/main.bicep, change chatGptModelName to 'gpt-4' instead of 'gpt-35-turbo'. You may also need to adjust the capacity above that line depending on how much TPM your account is allowed.

What is the difference between the Chat and Ask tabs?

The chat tab uses the approach programmed in chatreadretrieveread.py.

  • It uses the ChatGPT API to turn the user question into a good search query.
  • It queries Azure Cognitive Search for search results for that query (optionally using the vector embeddings for that query).
  • It then combines the search results and original user question, and asks ChatGPT API to answer the question based on the sources. It includes the last 4K of message history as well (or however many tokens are allowed by the deployed model).

The ask tab uses the approach programmed in retrievethenread.py.

  • It queries Azure Cognitive Search for search results for the user question (optionally using the vector embeddings for that question).
  • It then combines the search results and user question, and asks ChatGPT API to answer the question based on the sources.

There are also two other /ask approaches with a slightly different approach, but they aren't currently working due to langchain compatibility issues.

What does the `azd up` command do?

The azd up command comes from the Azure Developer CLI, and takes care of both provisioning the Azure resources and deploying code to the selected Azure hosts.

The azd up command uses the azure.yaml file combined with the infrastructure-as-code .bicep files in the infra/ folder. The azure.yaml file for this project declares several "hooks" for the prepackage step and postprovision steps. The up command first runs the prepackage hook which installs Node dependencies and builds the React.JS-based JavaScript files. It then packages all the code (both frontend and backend) into a zip file which it will deploy later.

Next, it provisions the resources based on main.bicep and main.parameters.json. At that point, since there is no default value for the OpenAI resource location, it asks you to pick a location from a short list of available regions. Then it will send requests to Azure to provision all the required resources. With everything provisioned, it runs the postprovision hook to process the local data and add it to an Azure Cognitive Search index.

Finally, it looks at azure.yaml to determine the Azure host (appservice, in this case) and uploads the zip to Azure App Service. The azd up command is now complete, but it may take another 5-10 minutes for the App Service app to be fully available and working, especially for the initial deploy.

Related commands are azd provision for just provisioning (if infra files change) and azd deploy for just deploying updated app code.

How can we view logs from the App Service app?

You can view production logs in the Portal using either the Log stream or by downloading the default_docker.log file from Advanced tools.

The following line of code in app/backend/app.py configures the logging level:

logging.basicConfig(level=os.getenv("APP_LOG_LEVEL", "ERROR"))

To change the default level, you can set the APP_LOG_LEVEL environment variable locally or in App Service to one of the allowed log levels: DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL.

If you need to log in a route handler, use the the global variable current_app's logger:

async def chat_stream():
    current_app.logger.info("Received /chat request")

Otherwise, use the logging module's root logger:

logging.info("System message: %s", system_message)

If you're having troubles finding the logs in App Service, see this blog post on tips for debugging App Service app deployments or watch this video about viewing App Service logs.

Troubleshooting

Here are the most common failure scenarios and solutions:

  1. The subscription (AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID) doesn't have access to the Azure OpenAI service. Please ensure AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID matches the ID specified in the OpenAI access request process.

  2. You're attempting to create resources in regions not enabled for Azure OpenAI (e.g. East US 2 instead of East US), or where the model you're trying to use isn't enabled. See this matrix of model availability.

  3. You've exceeded a quota, most often number of resources per region. See this article on quotas and limits.

  4. You're getting "same resource name not allowed" conflicts. That's likely because you've run the sample multiple times and deleted the resources you've been creating each time, but are forgetting to purge them. Azure keeps resources for 48 hours unless you purge from soft delete. See this article on purging resources.

  5. You see CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED when the prepdocs.py script runs. That's typically due to incorrect SSL certificates setup on your machine. Try the suggestions in this StackOverflow answer.

  6. After running azd up and visiting the website, you see a '404 Not Found' in the browser. Wait 10 minutes and try again, as it might be still starting up. Then try running azd deploy and wait again. If you still encounter errors with the deployed app, consult these tips for debugging App Service app deployments or watch this video about downloading App Service logs. Please file an issue if the logs don't help you resolve the error.