diff --git a/.github/workflows/scripts/build.py b/.github/workflows/scripts/build.py
index 16e9dad9137d9..823a2b04e8893 100755
--- a/.github/workflows/scripts/build.py
+++ b/.github/workflows/scripts/build.py
@@ -1,25 +1,76 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-# -- prioritized --
 import ci_common  # isort: skip, early initialization happens here
 
-# -- stdlib --
 import glob
 import os
 import platform
+from pathlib import Path
 
-# -- third party --
-# -- own --
 from ci_common.dep import download_dep
-from ci_common.misc import banner, get_cache_home, is_manylinux2014
-from ci_common.python import setup_python
+from ci_common.misc import (banner, get_cache_home, is_manylinux2014,
+                            path_prepend)
+from ci_common.python import path_prepend, setup_python
 from ci_common.sccache import setup_sccache
-from ci_common.tinysh import Command, environ, git, sh
+from ci_common.tinysh import Command, git, sh
 
 
 # -- code --
+@banner('Setup Clang')
+def setup_clang(as_compiler=True) -> None:
+    '''
+    Setup Clang.
+    '''
+    u = platform.uname()
+    if u.system == 'Linux':
+        pass
+    elif (u.system, u.machine) == ('Windows', 'AMD64'):
+        out = get_cache_home() / 'clang-15'
+        url = 'https://github.com/python3kgae/taichi_assets/releases/download/llvm15_vs2022_clang/clang-15.0.0-win.zip'
+        download_dep(url, out)
+        clang = str(out / 'bin' / 'clang++.exe').replace('\\', '\\\\')
+        os.environ['TAICHI_CMAKE_ARGS'] += f' -DCLANG_EXECUTABLE={clang}'
+
+        if as_compiler:
+            os.environ['TAICHI_CMAKE_ARGS'] += (
+                f' -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER={clang}'
+                f' -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER={clang}')
+    else:
+        # TODO: unify all
+        pass
+
+
+@banner('Setup MSVC')
+def setup_msvc() -> None:
+    assert platform.system() == 'Windows'
+    os.environ['TAICHI_USE_MSBUILD'] = '1'
+
+    url = 'https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vs_BuildTools.exe'
+    out = Path(
+        r'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools')
+    download_dep(
+        url,
+        out,
+        args=[
+            '--passive',
+            '--wait',
+            '--norestart',
+            '--includeRecommended',
+            '--add',
+            'Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.VCTools',
+            # NOTE: We are using the custom built Clang++,
+            #       so components below are not necessary anymore.
+            # '--add',
+            # 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Llvm.Clang',
+            # '--add',
+            # 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.ComponentGroup.NativeDesktop.Llvm.Clang',
+            # '--add',
+            # 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Llvm.ClangToolset',
+        ])
+
+
 @banner('Setup LLVM')
-def setup_llvm(env_out: dict) -> None:
+def setup_llvm() -> None:
     '''
     Download and install LLVM.
     '''
@@ -28,7 +79,7 @@ def setup_llvm(env_out: dict) -> None:
         if 'AMDGPU_TEST' in os.environ:
             # FIXME: AMDGPU bots are currently maintained separately,
             #        we should unify them with the rest of the bots.
-            env_out['LLVM_DIR'] = '/taichi-llvm-15'
+            os.environ['LLVM_DIR'] = '/taichi-llvm-15'
             return
         elif is_manylinux2014():
             # FIXME: prebuilt llvm15 on ubuntu didn't work on manylinux2014 image of centos. Once that's fixed, remove this hack.
@@ -37,54 +88,82 @@ def setup_llvm(env_out: dict) -> None:
         else:
             out = get_cache_home() / 'llvm15'
             url = 'https://github.com/taichi-dev/taichi_assets/releases/download/llvm15/taichi-llvm-15-linux.zip'
+        download_dep(url, out, strip=1)
     elif (u.system, u.machine) == ('Darwin', 'arm64'):
         out = get_cache_home() / 'llvm15-m1'
         url = 'https://github.com/taichi-dev/taichi_assets/releases/download/llvm15/taichi-llvm-15-m1.zip'
+        download_dep(url, out, strip=1)
     elif (u.system, u.machine) == ('Darwin', 'x86_64'):
         out = get_cache_home() / 'llvm15-mac'
         url = 'https://github.com/taichi-dev/taichi_assets/releases/download/llvm15/llvm-15-mac10.15.zip'
+        download_dep(url, out, strip=1)
+    elif (u.system, u.machine) == ('Windows', 'AMD64'):
+        out = get_cache_home() / 'llvm15'
+        url = 'https://github.com/python3kgae/taichi_assets/releases/download/llvm15_vs2019_clang/taichi-llvm-15.0.0-msvc2019.zip'
+        download_dep(url, out, strip=0)
     else:
         raise RuntimeError(f'Unsupported platform: {u.system} {u.machine}')
 
-    download_dep(url, out, strip=1)
-    env_out['LLVM_DIR'] = str(out)
+    path_prepend('PATH', out / 'bin')
+    os.environ['LLVM_DIR'] = str(out)
 
 
 @banner('Setup Vulkan 1.3.236.0')
-def setup_vulkan(env: dict):
+def setup_vulkan():
     u = platform.uname()
     if u.system == "Linux":
         url = 'https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/1.3.236.0/linux/vulkansdk-linux-x86_64-1.3.236.0.tar.gz'
         prefix = get_cache_home() / 'vulkan-1.3.236.0'
         download_dep(url, prefix, strip=1)
         sdk = prefix / 'x86_64'
-        env['VULKAN_SDK'] = str(sdk)
-        env['PATH'] = str(sdk / "bin") + ':' + env["PATH"]
-        env['LD_LIBRARY_PATH'] = str(sdk / "lib") + ':' + env.get(
-            "LD_LIBRARY_PATH", "")
-        env['VK_LAYER_PATH'] = str(sdk / 'etc' / 'vulkan' / 'explicit_layer.d')
+        os.environ['VULKAN_SDK'] = str(sdk)
+        path_prepend('PATH', sdk / "bin")
+        path_prepend('LD_LIBRARY_PATH', sdk / 'lib')
+        os.environ['VK_LAYER_PATH'] = str(sdk / 'etc' / 'vulkan' /
+                                          'explicit_layer.d')
     # elif (u.system, u.machine) == ("Darwin", "arm64"):
     # elif (u.system, u.machine) == ("Darwin", "x86_64"):
-    # elif u.system == "Windows":
+    elif (u.system, u.machine) == ('Windows', 'AMD64'):
+        url = 'https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/1.3.236.0/windows/VulkanSDK-1.3.236.0-Installer.exe'
+        prefix = get_cache_home() / 'vulkan-1.3.236.0'
+        download_dep(
+            url,
+            prefix,
+            args=[
+                '--accept-licenses',
+                '--default-answer',
+                '--confirm-command',
+                '--root',
+                prefix,
+                'install',
+                'com.lunarg.vulkan.sdl2',
+                'com.lunarg.vulkan.glm',
+                'com.lunarg.vulkan.volk',
+                'com.lunarg.vulkan.vma',
+                # 'com.lunarg.vulkan.debug',
+            ])
+        os.environ['VULKAN_SDK'] = str(prefix)
+        os.environ['VK_SDK_PATH'] = str(prefix)
+        path_prepend('PATH', prefix / "Bin")
     else:
         return
 
 
 @banner('Build Taichi Wheel')
-def build_wheel(python: Command, pip: Command, env: dict) -> None:
+def build_wheel(python: Command, pip: Command) -> None:
     '''
     Build the Taichi wheel
     '''
     pip.install('-r', 'requirements_dev.txt')
     git.fetch('origin', 'master', '--tags')
-    proj = env['PROJECT_NAME']
+    proj = os.environ.get('PROJECT_NAME', 'taichi')
     proj_tags = []
     extra = []
 
     if proj == 'taichi-nightly':
         proj_tags.extend(['egg_info', '--tag-date'])
         # Include C-API in nightly builds
-        env['TAICHI_CMAKE_ARGS'] += ' -DTI_WITH_C_API=ON'
+        os.environ['TAICHI_CMAKE_ARGS'] += ' -DTI_WITH_C_API=ON'
 
     if platform.system() == 'Linux':
         if is_manylinux2014():
@@ -95,25 +174,27 @@ def build_wheel(python: Command, pip: Command, env: dict) -> None:
     python('misc/make_changelog.py', '--ver', 'origin/master', '--repo_dir',
            './', '--save')
 
-    with environ(env):
-        python('setup.py', *proj_tags, 'bdist_wheel', *extra)
+    python('setup.py', *proj_tags, 'bdist_wheel', *extra)
 
 
 def main() -> None:
-    env = {
-        'PATH': os.environ['PATH'],
-        'LD_LIBRARY_PATH': os.environ.get('LD_LIBRARY_PATH', ''),
-        'TAICHI_CMAKE_ARGS': os.environ.get('TAICHI_CMAKE_ARGS', ''),
-        'PROJECT_NAME': os.environ.get('PROJECT_NAME', 'taichi'),
-    }
-    setup_llvm(env)
-    setup_vulkan(env)
-    sccache = setup_sccache(env)
+    u = platform.uname()
+    if (u.system, u.machine) == ('Windows', 'AMD64'):
+        # Use MSVC on Windows
+        setup_clang(as_compiler=False)
+        setup_msvc()
+    else:
+        # Use Clang on all other platforms
+        setup_clang()
+
+    setup_llvm()
+    setup_vulkan()
+    sccache = setup_sccache()
 
     # NOTE: We use conda/venv to build wheels, which may not be the same python
     #       running this script.
-    python, pip = setup_python(env, os.environ['PY'])
-    build_wheel(python, pip, env)
+    python, pip = setup_python(os.environ['PY'])
+    build_wheel(python, pip)
 
     sccache('-s')
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/bootstrap.py b/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/bootstrap.py
index 4930d432223f0..4f0a988da8d10 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/bootstrap.py
+++ b/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/bootstrap.py
@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-# -- stdlib --
 import importlib
 import os
+import platform
+import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 
-# -- third party --
-# -- own --
-
 
-# -- code --
 def is_in_venv() -> bool:
     '''
     Are we in a virtual environment?
@@ -19,15 +14,55 @@ def is_in_venv() -> bool:
                                            and sys.base_prefix != sys.prefix)
 
 
+def get_cache_home() -> Path:
+    '''
+    Get the cache home directory. All intermediate files should be stored here.
+    '''
+    if platform.system() == 'Windows':
+        return Path(os.environ['LOCALAPPDATA']) / 'build-cache'
+    else:
+        return Path.home() / '.cache' / 'build-cache'
+
+
+def run(*args, env=None):
+    args = list(map(str, args))
+    if env is None:
+        return subprocess.Popen(args).wait()
+    else:
+        e = os.environ.copy()
+        e.update(env)
+        return subprocess.Popen(args, env=e).wait()
+
+
+def restart():
+    '''
+    Restart the current process.
+    '''
+    if platform.system() == 'Windows':
+        # GitHub Actions will treat the step as completed when doing os.execl in Windows,
+        # since Windows does not have real execve, its behavior is emulated by spawning a new process and
+        # terminating the current process. So we do not use os.execl in Windows.
+        os._exit(run(sys.executable, *sys.argv))
+    else:
+        os.execl(sys.executable, sys.executable, *sys.argv)
+
+
 def ensure_dependencies(fn='requirements.txt'):
     '''
     Automatically install dependencies if they are not installed.
     '''
+
+    if 'site' in sys.modules:
+        sys.argv.insert(0, '-S')
+        restart()
+
     p = Path(__file__).parent.parent / fn
     if not p.exists():
         raise RuntimeError(f'Cannot find {p}')
 
-    user = '' if is_in_venv() else '--user'
+    bootstrap_root = get_cache_home() / 'bootstrap'
+    bootstrap_root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    sys.path.insert(0, str(bootstrap_root))
 
     with open(p) as f:
         deps = [i.strip().split('=')[0] for i in f.read().splitlines()]
@@ -36,12 +71,17 @@ def ensure_dependencies(fn='requirements.txt'):
         for dep in deps:
             importlib.import_module(dep)
     except ModuleNotFoundError:
-        print('Installing dependencies...')
-        if os.system(f'{sys.executable} -m pip install {user} -U pip'):
+        print('Installing dependencies...', flush=True)
+        pipcmd = [
+            sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'install',
+            f'--target={bootstrap_root}', '-U'
+        ]
+        if run(*pipcmd, 'pip', 'setuptools'):
             raise Exception('Unable to upgrade pip!')
-        if os.system(f'{sys.executable} -m pip install {user} -U -r {p}'):
+        if run(*pipcmd, '-r', p, env={'PYTHONPATH': str(bootstrap_root)}):
             raise Exception('Unable to install dependencies!')
-        os.execl(sys.executable, sys.executable, *sys.argv)
+
+        restart()
 
 
 def chdir_to_root():
@@ -51,7 +91,7 @@ def chdir_to_root():
     root = Path('/')
     p = Path(__file__).resolve()
     while p != root:
-        if (p / '.git').exists():
+        if (p / 'setup.py').exists():
             os.chdir(p)
             break
         p = p.parent
@@ -69,20 +109,33 @@ def set_common_env():
 
 class _EnvironWrapper(_Environ):
     def __setitem__(self, name: str, value: str) -> None:
-        orig = self.get(name, '')
+        orig = self.get(name, None)
         _Environ.__setitem__(self, name, value)
         new = self[name]
 
-        if orig == new:
-            return
-
         from .escapes import escape_codes
 
         G = escape_codes['bold_green']
         R = escape_codes['bold_red']
         N = escape_codes['reset']
-        print(f'{R}:: ENV -{name}={orig}{N}', file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
-        print(f'{G}:: ENV +{name}={new}{N}', file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
+
+        if orig == new:
+            pass
+        elif orig == None:
+            print(f'{G}:: ENV+ {name}={new}{N}', file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
+        elif new.startswith(orig):
+            l = len(orig)
+            print(f'{G}:: ENV{N} {name}={new[:l]}{G}{new[l:]}{N}',
+                  file=sys.stderr,
+                  flush=True)
+        elif new.endswith(orig):
+            l = len(new) - len(orig)
+            print(f'{G}:: ENV{N} {name}={G}{new[:l]}{N}{new[l:]}',
+                  file=sys.stderr,
+                  flush=True)
+        else:
+            print(f'{R}:: ENV- {name}={orig}{N}', file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
+            print(f'{G}:: ENV+ {name}={new}{N}', file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
 
 
 def monkey_patch_environ():
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/dep.py b/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/dep.py
index f8588bfab3413..37bfe5d7d7994 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/dep.py
+++ b/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/dep.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 # -- own --
 from .misc import get_cache_home
-from .tinysh import bash, sh, tar
+from .tinysh import bash, sh, start, tar
 
 
 # -- code --
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def escape_url(url):
     return url.replace('/', '_').replace(':', '_')
 
 
-def download_dep(url, outdir, *, strip=0, force=False, args=[]):
+def download_dep(url, outdir, *, strip=0, force=False, args=None):
     '''
     Download a dependency archive from `url` and expand it to `outdir`,
     optionally stripping `strip` components.
@@ -73,22 +73,24 @@ def download_dep(url, outdir, *, strip=0, force=False, args=[]):
     depcache.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
     local_cached = depcache / escaped
 
-    near_caches = [
+    urls = [
         f'http://botmaster.tgr:9000/misc/depcache/{escaped}/{name}',
         f'https://taichi-bots.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/depcache/{escaped}/{name}',
+        url,
     ]
 
-    if not local_cached.exists():
-        for u in near_caches:
-            try:
-                resp = requests.head(u, timeout=1)
-                if resp.ok:
-                    print('Using near cache: ', u)
-                    url = u
-                    break
-            except Exception:
-                pass
-
+    size = -1
+    for u in urls:
+        try:
+            resp = requests.head(u, timeout=1)
+            if resp.ok:
+                url = u
+                size = int(resp.headers['Content-Length'])
+                break
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    if not local_cached.exists() or local_cached.stat().st_size != size:
         import tqdm
 
         with requests.get(url, stream=True) as r:
@@ -114,8 +116,12 @@ def download_dep(url, outdir, *, strip=0, force=False, args=[]):
         tar('-xzf', local_cached, '-C', outdir, f'--strip-components={strip}')
     elif name.endswith('.sh'):
         bash(local_cached, *args)
-    elif name.endswith('.exe') or '.' not in name:
+    elif '.' not in name and args is not None:
+        local_cached.chmod(0o755)
+        sh.bake(local_cached)(*args)
+    elif name.endswith('.exe') and args is not None:
         local_cached.chmod(0o755)
         sh.bake(local_cached)(*args)
+        # start(local_cached, *args)
     else:
         raise RuntimeError(f'Unknown file type: {name}')
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/misc.py b/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/misc.py
index 542ccb9ad7732..848dc78ff52e4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/misc.py
+++ b/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/misc.py
@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@
 import os
 import platform
 import sys
+from functools import wraps
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Callable
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
+from .bootstrap import get_cache_home  # noqa
 # -- third party --
 # -- own --
 from .escapes import escape_codes
@@ -23,16 +25,6 @@ def is_manylinux2014() -> bool:
         '/etc/centos-release').exists()
 
 
-def get_cache_home() -> Path:
-    '''
-    Get the cache home directory. All intermediate files should be stored here.
-    '''
-    if platform.system() == 'Windows':
-        return Path(os.environ['LOCALAPPDATA']) / 'build-cache'
-    else:
-        return Path.home() / '.cache' / 'build-cache'
-
-
 def banner(msg: str) -> Callable:
     '''
     Decorate a function to print a banner before and after it.
@@ -65,3 +57,14 @@ def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
         return wrapper
 
     return decorate
+
+
+def path_prepend(var: str, *paths: Any) -> None:
+    '''
+    Prepend paths to the environment variable.
+    '''
+    value = os.pathsep.join(str(p) for p in paths if p)
+    orig = os.environ.get(var, '')
+    if orig:
+        value += os.pathsep + orig
+    os.environ[var] = value
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/python.py b/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/python.py
index 93c60589abfb1..bd6887685166c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/python.py
+++ b/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/python.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from typing import Optional, Tuple
 
 from .dep import download_dep
-from .misc import banner, get_cache_home
+from .misc import banner, get_cache_home, path_prepend
 from .tinysh import Command, sh
 
 
@@ -14,29 +14,50 @@ def setup_miniforge3(prefix):
     u = platform.uname()
     if u.system == "Linux":
         url = 'https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases/download/22.9.0-2/Miniforge3-22.9.0-2-Linux-x86_64.sh'
+        download_dep(url, prefix, args=['-bfp', str(prefix)])
     elif (u.system, u.machine) == ("Darwin", "arm64"):
         url = 'https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases/download/22.9.0-2/Miniforge3-22.9.0-2-MacOSX-arm64.sh'
+        download_dep(url, prefix, args=['-bfp', str(prefix)])
     elif (u.system, u.machine) == ("Darwin", "x86_64"):
         url = 'https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases/download/22.9.0-2/Miniforge3-22.9.0-2-MacOSX-x86_64.sh'
+        download_dep(url, prefix, args=['-bfp', str(prefix)])
     elif u.system == "Windows":
         url = 'https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases/download/22.9.0-2/Miniforge3-22.9.0-2-Windows-x86_64.exe'
+        download_dep(url,
+                     prefix,
+                     args=[
+                         '/S',
+                         '/InstallationType=JustMe',
+                         '/RegisterPython=0',
+                         '/KeepPkgCache=0',
+                         '/AddToPath=0',
+                         '/NoRegistry=1',
+                         '/NoShortcut=1',
+                         '/NoScripts=1',
+                         '/CheckPathLength=1',
+                         f'/D={prefix}',
+                     ])
     else:
         raise RuntimeError(f"Unsupported platform: {u.system} {u.machine}")
 
-    download_dep(url, prefix, args=['-bfp', str(prefix)])
-
 
 @banner('Setup Python {version}')
-def setup_python(env_out: dict,
-                 version: Optional[str] = None) -> Tuple[Command, Command]:
+def setup_python(version: Optional[str] = None) -> Tuple[Command, Command]:
     '''
     Find the required Python environment and return the `python` and `pip` commands.
     '''
     assert version
 
+    windows = platform.system() == "Windows"
+
     prefix = get_cache_home() / 'miniforge3'
     setup_miniforge3(prefix)
-    conda_path = prefix / 'bin' / 'conda'
+
+    if windows:
+        conda_path = prefix / 'Scripts' / 'conda.exe'
+    else:
+        conda_path = prefix / 'bin' / 'conda'
+
     if not conda_path.exists():
         shutil.rmtree(prefix, ignore_errors=True)
         setup_miniforge3(prefix)
@@ -46,12 +67,21 @@ def setup_python(env_out: dict,
     conda = sh.bake(str(conda_path))
 
     env = prefix / 'envs' / version
-    exe = env / 'bin' / 'python'
+    if windows:
+        exe = env / 'python.exe'
+        path_prepend('PATH', env, env / 'Scripts', prefix / 'Library' / 'bin')
+    else:
+        exe = env / 'bin' / 'python'
+        path_prepend('PATH', env / 'bin')
 
     if not exe.exists():
         conda.create('-y', '-n', version, f'python={version}')
 
-    env_out['PATH'] = f'{env / "bin"}:{env_out["PATH"]}'
+    # For CMake
+    os.environ['Python_ROOT_DIR'] = str(env)
+    os.environ['Python2_ROOT_DIR'] = str(env)  # Align with setup-python@v4
+    os.environ['Python3_ROOT_DIR'] = str(env)
+
     python = sh.bake(str(exe))
     pip = python.bake('-m', 'pip')
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/sccache.py b/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/sccache.py
index b9f7cb5c49b39..1c2ae185d5b6c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/sccache.py
+++ b/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/sccache.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 # -- code --
 @banner("Setup sccache")
-def setup_sccache(env_out: dict) -> Command:
+def setup_sccache() -> Command:
     """
     Download and install sccache, setup compiler wrappers, and return the `sccache` command.
     """
@@ -58,15 +58,16 @@ def setup_sccache(env_out: dict) -> Command:
 
         exe.chmod(0o755)
 
-    env_out["SCCACHE_LOG"] = "error"
-    env_out[
-        "TAICHI_CMAKE_ARGS"] += f" -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER={exe} -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER={exe}"
+    os.environ["SCCACHE_LOG"] = "error"
+    os.environ["TAICHI_CMAKE_ARGS"] += (
+        f" -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER={exe}"
+        f" -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER={exe}")
 
     # <LocalCache>
     cache = root / "cache"
     cache.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    env_out["SCCACHE_DIR"] = str(cache)
-    env_out["SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE"] = "40G"
+    os.environ["SCCACHE_DIR"] = str(cache)
+    os.environ["SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE"] = "40G"
     # </LocalCache>
 
     return sh.bake(str(exe))
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/tinysh.py b/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/tinysh.py
index 33631448ea27b..26fecbef87425 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/tinysh.py
+++ b/.github/workflows/scripts/ci_common/tinysh.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 import os
 import platform
+import shutil
+import subprocess
 import sys
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from typing import Any, Mapping, Sequence
@@ -78,7 +80,9 @@ def __call__(self, *moreargs: Sequence[str]) -> None:
         env = os.environ.copy()
         env.update(overlay)
 
-        code = os.spawnvpe(os.P_WAIT, args[0], args, env)
+        exe = shutil.which(args[0])
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(args, executable=exe, env=env)
+        code = proc.wait()
         if code:
             cmd = ' '.join([quote(v) for v in args])
             raise CommandFailed(cmd, code)
@@ -146,3 +150,4 @@ def sudo():
 sccache = sh.sccache
 tar = sh.tar
 bash = sh.bash
+start = sh.start.bake('/wait')
diff --git a/.github/workflows/testing.yml b/.github/workflows/testing.yml
index ed24d4b2aead8..b9133577bc922 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/testing.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/testing.yml
@@ -340,14 +340,7 @@ jobs:
   build_and_test_windows:
     name: Build and Test Windows
     needs: check_files
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - os: windows-2019
-            llvmVer : '15'
-            archs: "cpu,cuda,opengl"
-            runsOn: [self-hosted, windows, cuda, OpenGL]
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runsOn }}
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, windows, cuda, OpenGL]
     timeout-minutes: ${{ github.event.schedule != '0 18 * * *' && 90 || 180 }}
     steps:
       - name: Workaround checkout Needed single revision issue
@@ -365,14 +358,15 @@ jobs:
           python-version: 3.7
 
       - name: Build
-        shell: pwsh
         if: ${{ needs.check_files.outputs.run_job != 'false' }}
+        shell: cmd
         run: |
-          .\.github\workflows\scripts\win_build.ps1 -llvmVer ${{ matrix.llvmVer }} -installVulkan -libsDir "$env:LocalAppData/buildbot"
+          python .\.github\workflows\scripts\build.py
         env:
           PY: "3.7"
           TAICHI_CMAKE_ARGS: >-
             -DTI_WITH_OPENGL:BOOL=ON
+            -DTI_WITH_VULKAN:BOOL=ON
             -DTI_WITH_DX11:BOOL=ON
             -DTI_WITH_DX12:BOOL=ON
             -DTI_WITH_CC:BOOL=OFF
@@ -388,7 +382,7 @@ jobs:
           .\.github\workflows\scripts\win_test.ps1 -libsDir "$env:LocalAppData/buildbot"
         env:
           PY: "3.7"
-          TI_WANTED_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.archs }}
+          TI_WANTED_ARCHS: cpu,cuda,vulkan,opengl
           TI_SKIP_VERSION_CHECK: ON
           TI_DEVICE_MEMORY_GB: '1'
           TI_RUN_RELEASE_TESTS: '1'