diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 813b35808c..3e4326f783 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -409,9 +409,9 @@ frag.querySelector("strong").textContent = "Why hello there!";
 // etc.
 ```
 
-Here `frag` is a [`DocumentFragment`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DocumentFragment) instance, whose contents are created by parsing the provided string. The parsing is done using a `<template>` element, so you can include any element there (including ones with weird parsing rules like `<td>`).
+Here `frag` is a [`DocumentFragment`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DocumentFragment) instance, whose contents are created by parsing the provided string. The parsing is done using a `<template>` element, so you can include any element there (including ones with weird parsing rules like `<td>`). It's also important to note that the resulting `DocumentFragment` will not have [an associated browsing context](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#concept-document-bc): that is, elements' `ownerDocument` will have a null `defaultView` property, resources will not load, etc.
 
-All invocations of the `fragment()` factory result in `DocumentFragment`s that share the same owner `Document` and `Window`. This allows many calls to `fragment()` with no extra overhead. But it also means that calls to `fragment()` cannot be customized with any options.
+All invocations of the `fragment()` factory result in `DocumentFragment`s that share the same template owner `Document`. This allows many calls to `fragment()` with no extra overhead. But it also means that calls to `fragment()` cannot be customized with any options.
 
 Note that serialization is not as easy with `DocumentFragment`s as it is with full `JSDOM` objects. If you need to serialize your DOM, you should probably use the `JSDOM` constructor more directly. But for the special case of a fragment containing a single element, it's pretty easy to do through normal means:
 
diff --git a/lib/jsdom/browser/htmltodom.js b/lib/jsdom/browser/htmltodom.js
index 0b74689d3b..e47f23f954 100644
--- a/lib/jsdom/browser/htmltodom.js
+++ b/lib/jsdom/browser/htmltodom.js
@@ -7,26 +7,6 @@ const DocumentType = require("../living/generated/DocumentType");
 const JSDOMParse5Adapter = require("./parse5-adapter-parsing");
 const { HTML_NS } = require("../living/helpers/namespaces");
 
-// Horrible monkey-patch to implement https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/237
-const OpenElementStack = require("parse5/lib/parser/open-element-stack");
-const originalPop = OpenElementStack.prototype.pop;
-OpenElementStack.prototype.pop = function (...args) {
-  const before = this.items[this.stackTop];
-  originalPop.apply(this, args);
-  if (before._poppedOffStackOfOpenElements) {
-    before._poppedOffStackOfOpenElements();
-  }
-};
-
-const originalPush = OpenElementStack.prototype.push;
-OpenElementStack.prototype.push = function (...args) {
-  originalPush.apply(this, args);
-  const after = this.items[this.stackTop];
-  if (after._pushedOnStackOfOpenElements) {
-    after._pushedOnStackOfOpenElements();
-  }
-};
-
 module.exports = class HTMLToDOM {
   constructor(parsingMode) {
     this.parser = parsingMode === "xml" ? saxes : parse5;
diff --git a/lib/jsdom/browser/parse5-adapter-parsing.js b/lib/jsdom/browser/parse5-adapter-parsing.js
index 2404dea002..3b628e487a 100644
--- a/lib/jsdom/browser/parse5-adapter-parsing.js
+++ b/lib/jsdom/browser/parse5-adapter-parsing.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 "use strict";
+
 const DocumentType = require("../living/generated/DocumentType");
 const DocumentFragment = require("../living/generated/DocumentFragment");
 const Text = require("../living/generated/Text");
@@ -7,9 +8,46 @@ const attributes = require("../living/attributes");
 const nodeTypes = require("../living/node-type");
 const serializationAdapter = require("../living/domparsing/parse5-adapter-serialization");
 
+const OpenElementStack = require("parse5/lib/parser/open-element-stack");
+
+const OpenElementStackOriginalPop = OpenElementStack.prototype.pop;
+const OpenElementStackOriginalPush = OpenElementStack.prototype.push;
+
 module.exports = class JSDOMParse5Adapter {
   constructor(documentImpl) {
     this._documentImpl = documentImpl;
+
+    // Since the createElement hook doesn't provide the parent element, we keep track of this using _currentElement:
+    // https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/285
+    this._currentElement = undefined;
+
+    // Horrible monkey-patch to implement https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/237
+    const adapter = this;
+    OpenElementStack.prototype.push = function (...args) {
+      OpenElementStackOriginalPush.apply(this, args);
+      adapter._currentElement = this.current;
+
+      const after = this.items[this.stackTop];
+      if (after._pushedOnStackOfOpenElements) {
+        after._pushedOnStackOfOpenElements();
+      }
+    };
+    OpenElementStack.prototype.pop = function (...args) {
+      const before = this.items[this.stackTop];
+
+      OpenElementStackOriginalPop.apply(this, args);
+      adapter._currentElement = this.current;
+
+      if (before._poppedOffStackOfOpenElements) {
+        before._poppedOffStackOfOpenElements();
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  _ownerDocument() {
+    // The _currentElement is undefined when parsing elements at the root of the document. In this case we would
+    // fallback to the global _documentImpl.
+    return this._currentElement ? this._currentElement._ownerDocument : this._documentImpl;
   }
 
   createDocument() {
@@ -21,11 +59,13 @@ module.exports = class JSDOMParse5Adapter {
   }
 
   createDocumentFragment() {
-    return DocumentFragment.createImpl([], { ownerDocument: this._documentImpl });
+    return DocumentFragment.createImpl([], { ownerDocument: this._currentElement._ownerDocument });
   }
 
   createElement(localName, namespace, attrs) {
-    const element = this._documentImpl._createElementWithCorrectElementInterface(localName, namespace);
+    const ownerDocument = this._ownerDocument();
+
+    const element = ownerDocument._createElementWithCorrectElementInterface(localName, namespace);
     element._namespaceURI = namespace;
     this.adoptAttributes(element, attrs);
 
@@ -37,7 +77,8 @@ module.exports = class JSDOMParse5Adapter {
   }
 
   createCommentNode(data) {
-    return Comment.createImpl([], { data, ownerDocument: this._documentImpl });
+    const ownerDocument = this._ownerDocument();
+    return Comment.createImpl([], { data, ownerDocument });
   }
 
   appendChild(parentNode, newNode) {
@@ -49,11 +90,25 @@ module.exports = class JSDOMParse5Adapter {
   }
 
   setTemplateContent(templateElement, contentFragment) {
+    // This code makes the glue between jsdom and parse5 HTMLTemplateElement parsing:
+    //
+    // * jsdom during the construction of the HTMLTemplateElement (for example when create via
+    //   `document.createElement("template")`), creates a DocumentFragment and set it into _templateContents.
+    // * parse5 when parsing a <template> tag creates an HTMLTemplateElement (`createElement` adapter hook) and also
+    //   create a DocumentFragment (`createDocumentFragment` adapter hook).
+    //
+    // At this point we now have to replace the one created in jsdom with one created by parse5.
+    const { _ownerDocument, _host } = templateElement._templateContents;
+    contentFragment._ownerDocument = _ownerDocument;
+    contentFragment._host = _host;
+
     templateElement._templateContents = contentFragment;
   }
 
   setDocumentType(document, name, publicId, systemId) {
-    const documentType = DocumentType.createImpl([], { name, publicId, systemId, ownerDocument: this._documentImpl });
+    const ownerDocument = this._ownerDocument();
+    const documentType = DocumentType.createImpl([], { name, publicId, systemId, ownerDocument });
+
     document.appendChild(documentType);
   }
 
@@ -71,8 +126,8 @@ module.exports = class JSDOMParse5Adapter {
     if (lastChild && lastChild.nodeType === nodeTypes.TEXT_NODE) {
       lastChild.data += text;
     } else {
-      const textNode = Text.createImpl([], { data: text, ownerDocument: this._documentImpl });
-
+      const ownerDocument = this._ownerDocument();
+      const textNode = Text.createImpl([], { data: text, ownerDocument });
       parentNode.appendChild(textNode);
     }
   }
@@ -82,8 +137,8 @@ module.exports = class JSDOMParse5Adapter {
     if (previousSibling && previousSibling.nodeType === nodeTypes.TEXT_NODE) {
       previousSibling.data += text;
     } else {
-      const textNode = Text.createImpl([], { data: text, ownerDocument: this._documentImpl });
-
+      const ownerDocument = this._ownerDocument();
+      const textNode = Text.createImpl([], { data: text, ownerDocument });
       parentNode.insertBefore(textNode, referenceNode);
     }
   }
diff --git a/lib/jsdom/living/helpers/shadow-dom.js b/lib/jsdom/living/helpers/shadow-dom.js
index 3ca53e3152..e004882350 100644
--- a/lib/jsdom/living/helpers/shadow-dom.js
+++ b/lib/jsdom/living/helpers/shadow-dom.js
@@ -243,6 +243,30 @@ function signalSlotChange(slot) {
   queueMutationObserverMicrotask();
 }
 
+// https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-shadow-including-descendant
+function* shadowIncludingInclusiveDescendantsIterator(node) {
+  yield node;
+
+  if (node._shadowRoot) {
+    yield* shadowIncludingInclusiveDescendantsIterator(node._shadowRoot);
+  }
+
+  for (const child of domSymbolTree.childrenIterator(node)) {
+    yield* shadowIncludingInclusiveDescendantsIterator(child);
+  }
+}
+
+// https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-shadow-including-descendant
+function* shadowIncludingDescendantsIterator(node) {
+  if (node._shadowRoot) {
+    yield* shadowIncludingInclusiveDescendantsIterator(node._shadowRoot);
+  }
+
+  for (const child of domSymbolTree.childrenIterator(node)) {
+    yield* shadowIncludingInclusiveDescendantsIterator(child);
+  }
+}
+
 module.exports = {
   isValidHostElementName,
 
@@ -264,5 +288,8 @@ module.exports = {
   findSlot,
   findFlattenedSlotables,
 
-  signalSlotChange
+  signalSlotChange,
+
+  shadowIncludingInclusiveDescendantsIterator,
+  shadowIncludingDescendantsIterator
 };
diff --git a/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/Document-impl.js b/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/Document-impl.js
index 316c183c70..a668a2d9a2 100644
--- a/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/Document-impl.js
+++ b/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/Document-impl.js
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ const NodeList = require("../generated/NodeList");
 const validateName = require("../helpers/validate-names").name;
 const { validateAndExtract } = require("../helpers/validate-names");
 const { fireAnEvent } = require("../helpers/events");
+const { shadowIncludingInclusiveDescendantsIterator } = require("../helpers/shadow-dom");
 
 const GlobalEventHandlersImpl = require("./GlobalEventHandlers-impl").implementation;
 
@@ -777,6 +778,7 @@ class DocumentImpl extends NodeImpl {
     return clone(node, this, deep);
   }
 
+  // https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-document-adoptnode
   adoptNode(node) {
     if (node.nodeType === NODE_TYPE.DOCUMENT_NODE) {
       throw new DOMException("Cannot adopt a document node", "NotSupportedError");
@@ -784,17 +786,34 @@ class DocumentImpl extends NodeImpl {
       throw new DOMException("Cannot adopt a shadow root", "HierarchyRequestError");
     }
 
-    if (node.parentNode) {
-      node.parentNode._remove(node);
-    }
-    node._ownerDocument = this;
-    for (const descendant of domSymbolTree.treeIterator(node)) {
-      descendant._ownerDocument = this;
-    }
+    this._adoptNode(node);
 
     return node;
   }
 
+  // https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-node-adopt
+  _adoptNode(node) {
+    const newDocument = this;
+    const oldDocument = node._ownerDocument;
+
+    const parent = domSymbolTree.parent(node);
+    if (parent) {
+      parent._remove(node);
+    }
+
+    if (oldDocument !== newDocument) {
+      for (const inclusiveDescendant of shadowIncludingInclusiveDescendantsIterator(node)) {
+        inclusiveDescendant._ownerDocument = newDocument;
+      }
+
+      for (const inclusiveDescendant of shadowIncludingInclusiveDescendantsIterator(node)) {
+        if (inclusiveDescendant._adoptingSteps) {
+          inclusiveDescendant._adoptingSteps(oldDocument);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   get cookie() {
     return this._cookieJar.getCookieStringSync(this.URL, { http: false });
   }
diff --git a/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/DocumentFragment-impl.js b/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/DocumentFragment-impl.js
index 0b369baa64..73a523fd90 100644
--- a/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/DocumentFragment-impl.js
+++ b/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/DocumentFragment-impl.js
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ class DocumentFragmentImpl extends NodeImpl {
   constructor(args, privateData) {
     super(args, privateData);
 
+    const { host } = privateData;
+    this._host = host;
+
     this.nodeType = NODE_TYPE.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE;
   }
 
diff --git a/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/HTMLTemplateElement-impl.js b/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/HTMLTemplateElement-impl.js
index 312f37ddba..63e8c826a4 100644
--- a/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/HTMLTemplateElement-impl.js
+++ b/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/HTMLTemplateElement-impl.js
@@ -2,13 +2,48 @@
 
 const HTMLElementImpl = require("./HTMLElement-impl").implementation;
 
+const Document = require("../generated/Document");
+const DocumentFragment = require("../generated/DocumentFragment");
+
 const { cloningSteps, domSymbolTree } = require("../helpers/internal-constants");
 const { clone } = require("../node");
 
 class HTMLTemplateElementImpl extends HTMLElementImpl {
   constructor(args, privateData) {
     super(args, privateData);
-    this._templateContents = this._ownerDocument.createDocumentFragment();
+
+    const doc = this._appropriateTemplateContentsOwnerDocument(this._ownerDocument);
+    this._templateContents = DocumentFragment.createImpl([], {
+      ownerDocument: doc,
+      host: this
+    });
+  }
+
+  // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#appropriate-template-contents-owner-document
+  _appropriateTemplateContentsOwnerDocument(doc) {
+    if (!doc._isInertTemplateDocument) {
+      if (doc._associatedInertTemplateDocument === undefined) {
+        const newDoc = Document.createImpl([], {
+          options: {
+            parsingMode: doc._parsingMode,
+            encoding: doc._encoding
+          }
+        });
+        newDoc._isInertTemplateDocument = true;
+
+        doc._associatedInertTemplateDocument = newDoc;
+      }
+
+      doc = doc._associatedInertTemplateDocument;
+    }
+
+    return doc;
+  }
+
+  // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#template-adopting-steps
+  _adoptingSteps() {
+    const doc = this._appropriateTemplateContentsOwnerDocument(this._ownerDocument);
+    doc._adoptNode(this._templateContents);
   }
 
   get content() {
diff --git a/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/Node-impl.js b/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/Node-impl.js
index bea01a6583..92ee355664 100644
--- a/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/Node-impl.js
+++ b/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/Node-impl.js
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ class NodeImpl extends EventTargetImpl {
       referenceChildImpl = domSymbolTree.nextSibling(nodeImpl);
     }
 
-    this._ownerDocument.adoptNode(nodeImpl);
+    this._ownerDocument._adoptNode(nodeImpl);
 
     this._insert(nodeImpl, referenceChildImpl);
 
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ class NodeImpl extends EventTargetImpl {
 
     const previousSiblingImpl = domSymbolTree.previousSibling(childImpl);
 
-    this._ownerDocument.adoptNode(nodeImpl);
+    this._ownerDocument._adoptNode(nodeImpl);
 
     let removedNodesImpl = [];
 
@@ -862,7 +862,7 @@ class NodeImpl extends EventTargetImpl {
   // https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-node-replace-all
   _replaceAll(nodeImpl) {
     if (nodeImpl !== null) {
-      this._ownerDocument.adoptNode(nodeImpl);
+      this._ownerDocument._adoptNode(nodeImpl);
     }
 
     const removedNodesImpl = domSymbolTree.childrenToArray(this);
diff --git a/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/ShadowRoot-impl.js b/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/ShadowRoot-impl.js
index 28e86654c9..4b9e41685f 100644
--- a/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/ShadowRoot-impl.js
+++ b/lib/jsdom/living/nodes/ShadowRoot-impl.js
@@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ class ShadowRootImpl extends DocumentFragment {
   constructor(args, privateData) {
     super(args, privateData);
 
-    const { mode, host } = privateData;
+    const { mode } = privateData;
     this._mode = mode;
-    this._host = host;
   }
 
   _getTheParent(event) {
diff --git a/test/api/fragment.js b/test/api/fragment.js
index 20cf8a685d..ffd39a6e8a 100644
--- a/test/api/fragment.js
+++ b/test/api/fragment.js
@@ -18,11 +18,10 @@ describe("API: JSDOM.fragment()", () => {
     assert.strictEqual(frag1.ownerDocument, frag2.ownerDocument);
   });
 
-  it("should return fragments with shared Windows each time", () => {
-    const frag1 = JSDOM.fragment(``);
-    const frag2 = JSDOM.fragment(``);
+  it("should return a fragment with no associated browsing context", () => {
+    const frag = JSDOM.fragment(``);
 
-    assert.strictEqual(frag1.ownerDocument.defaultView, frag2.ownerDocument.defaultView);
+    assert.isNull(frag.ownerDocument.defaultView);
   });
 
   it("should allow basic DOM querying", () => {
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ describe("API: JSDOM.fragment()", () => {
     assert.strictEqual(frag.firstChild.textContent, "Hi");
   });
 
-  it("should respect ignore any options passed in", () => {
+  it("should ignore any options passed in", () => {
     const frag = JSDOM.fragment(``, {
       url: "https://example.org",
       referrer: "https://example.com",
@@ -56,6 +55,5 @@ describe("API: JSDOM.fragment()", () => {
     assert.strictEqual(frag.ownerDocument.URL, "about:blank");
     assert.strictEqual(frag.ownerDocument.referrer, "");
     assert.strictEqual(frag.ownerDocument.contentType, "text/html");
-    assert.notStrictEqual(frag.ownerDocument.defaultView.navigator.userAgent, "Mellblomenator/9000");
   });
 });
diff --git a/test/web-platform-tests/to-run.yaml b/test/web-platform-tests/to-run.yaml
index ce187c20dc..644f97fedb 100644
--- a/test/web-platform-tests/to-run.yaml
+++ b/test/web-platform-tests/to-run.yaml
@@ -737,10 +737,6 @@ DIR: html/semantics/scripting-1/the-template-element
 
 additions-to-parsing-xhtml-documents/node-document.html: [timeout, Templates in XHTML are totally messed up]
 additions-to-parsing-xhtml-documents/template-child-nodes.html: [timeout, Templates in XHTML are totally messed up]
-definitions/template-contents-owner-test-001.html: [fail, template content owner document semantics not yet implemented]
-definitions/template-contents-owner-test-002.html: [fail, template content owner document semantics not yet implemented]
-template-element/node-document-changes.html: [fail, template content owner document semantics not yet implemented]
-template-element/template-content-hierarcy.html: [fail, probably a combination of template content owner document semantics and https://github.com/tmpvar/jsdom/issues/1349]
 
 ---