7.heapSort.md

heap sort

Heapsort (Heapsort) refers to a sorting algorithm designed using the data structure of the heap. Stacking is a structure that approximates a complete binary tree, and satisfies the property of stacking at the same time: that is, the key value or index of a child node is always less than (or greater than) its parent node. Heap sort can be said to be a selection sort that uses the concept of heap to sort. There are two methods:

1. Big top heap: The value of each node is greater than or equal to the value of its child nodes, which is used for ascending order in the heap sorting algorithm;
2. Small top heap: the value of each node is less than or equal to the value of its child nodes, which is used for descending order in the heap sorting algorithm;

The average time complexity of heapsort is Ο(nlogn).

1. Algorithm steps

1. Build the sequence to be sorted into a heap H[0...n-1], and select a large top heap or a small top heap according to (ascending and descending order requirements);

2. Swap the heap head (maximum value) and the heap tail;

3. Reduce the size of the heap by 1 and call shift_down(0) to adjust the top data of the new array to the corresponding position;

4. Repeat step 2 until the size of the heap is 1.

2. Animated demo

3. JavaScript code implementation

var len; // Because multiple functions declared require data length, set len ​​as a global variable

function buildMaxHeap(arr) { // Build a big top heap
    len = arr.length;
    for (var i = Math.floor(len/2); i >= 0; i--) {
        heapify(arr, i);
    }
}

function heapify(arr, i) {     // heap adjustment
    var left = 2 * i + 1,
        right = 2 * i + 2,
        largest = i;

    if (left < len && arr[left] > arr[largest]) {
        largest = left;
    }

    if (right < len && arr[right] > arr[largest]) {
        largest = right;
    }

    if (largest != i) {
        swap(arr, i, largest);
        heapify(arr, largest);
    }
}

function swap(arr, i, j) {
    var temp = arr[i];
    arr[i] = arr[j];
    arr[j] = temp;
}

function heapSort(arr) {
    buildMaxHeap(arr);

    for (var i = arr.length-1; i > 0; i--) {
        swap(arr, 0, i);
        len--;
        heapify(arr, 0);
    }
    return arr;
}
```
## 4. Python code implementation

```python
def buildMaxHeap(arr):
    import math
    for i in range(math.floor(len(arr)/2),-1,-1):
        heapify(arr,i)

def heapify(arr, i):
    left = 2*i+1
    right = 2*i+2
    largest = i
    if left < arrLen and arr[left] > arr[largest]:
        largest = left
    if right < arrLen and arr[right] > arr[largest]:
        largest = right

    if largest != i:
        swap(arr, i, largest)
        heapify(arr, largest)

def swap(arr, i, j):
    arr[i], arr[j] = arr[j], arr[i]

def heapSort(arr):
    global arrLen
    arrLen = len(arr)
    buildMaxHeap(arr)
    for i in range(len(arr)-1,0,-1):
        swap(arr,0,i)
        arrLen -=1
        heapify(arr, 0)
    return arr
```

## 5. Go code implementation

```go
func heapSort(arr []int) []int {
	arrLen := len(arr)
	buildMaxHeap(arr, arrLen)
	for i := arrLen - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		swap(arr, 0, i)
		arrLen -= 1
		heapify(arr, 0, arrLen)
	}
	return arr
}

func buildMaxHeap(arr []int, arrLen int) {
	for i := arrLen / 2; i >= 0; i-- {
		heapify(arr, i, arrLen)
	}
}

func heapify(arr []int, i, arrLen int) {
	left := 2*i + 1
	right := 2*i + 2
	largest := i
	if left < arrLen && arr[left] > arr[largest] {
		largest = left
	}
	if right < arrLen && arr[right] > arr[largest] {
		largest = right
	}
	if largest != i {
		swap(arr, i, largest)
		heapify(arr, largest, arrLen)
	}
}

func swap(arr []int, i, j int) {
	arr[i], arr[j] = arr[j], arr[i]
}
```

## 6. Java code implementation

```java
public class HeapSort implements IArraySort {

    @Override
    public int[] sort(int[] sourceArray) throws Exception {
        // Copy arr without changing the parameter content
        int[] arr = Arrays.copyOf(sourceArray, sourceArray.length);

        int len = arr.length;

        buildMaxHeap(arr, len);

        for (int i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
            swap(arr, 0, i);
            len--;
            heapify(arr, 0, len);
        }
        return arr;
    }

    private void buildMaxHeap(int[] arr, int len) {
        for (int i = (int) Math.floor(len / 2); i >= 0; i--) {
            heapify(arr, i, len);
        }
    }

    private void heapify(int[] arr, int i, int len) {
        int left = 2 * i + 1;
        int right = 2 * i + 2;
        int largest = i;

        if (left < len && arr[left] > arr[largest]) {
            largest = left;
        }

        if (right < len && arr[right] > arr[largest]) {
            largest = right;
        }

        if (largest != i) {
            swap(arr, i, largest);
            heapify(arr, largest, len);
        }
    }

    private void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) {
        int temp = arr[i];
        arr[i] = arr[j];
        arr[j] = temp;
    }

}
```

## 7. PHP code implementation

```php
function buildMaxHeap(&$arr)
{
    global $len;
    for ($i = floor($len/2); $i >= 0; $i--) {
        heapify($arr, $i);
    }
}

function heapify(&$arr, $i)
{
    global $len;
    $left = 2 * $i + 1;
    $right = 2 * $i + 2;
    $largest = $i;

    if ($left < $len && $arr[$left] > $arr[$largest]) {
        $largest = $left;
    }

    if ($right < $len && $arr[$right] > $arr[$largest]) {
        $largest = $right;
    }

    if ($largest != $i) {
        swap($arr, $i, $largest);
        heapify($arr, $largest);
    }
}

function swap(&$arr, $i, $j)
{
    $temp = $arr[$i];
    $arr[$i] = $arr[$j];
    $arr[$j] = $temp;
}

function heapSort($arr) {
    global $len;
    $len = count($arr);
    buildMaxHeap($arr);
    for ($i = count($arr) - 1; $i > 0; $i--) {
        swap($arr, 0, $i);
        $len--;
        heapify($arr, 0);
    }
    return $arr;
}
```