diff --git a/tower-http/src/compression/mod.rs b/tower-http/src/compression/mod.rs
index 080d1d51..5107fac3 100644
--- a/tower-http/src/compression/mod.rs
+++ b/tower-http/src/compression/mod.rs
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ mod tests {
     use http::header::{
         ACCEPT_ENCODING, ACCEPT_RANGES, CONTENT_ENCODING, CONTENT_RANGE, CONTENT_TYPE, RANGE,
     };
-    use http::{HeaderMap, HeaderName, Request, Response};
+    use http::{HeaderMap, HeaderName, HeaderValue, Request, Response};
     use http_body_util::BodyExt;
     use std::convert::Infallible;
     use std::io::Read;
@@ -150,6 +150,46 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(trailers["foo"], "bar");
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn x_gzip_works() {
+        let svc = service_fn(handle);
+        let mut svc = Compression::new(svc).compress_when(Always);
+
+        // call the service
+        let req = Request::builder()
+            .header("accept-encoding", "x-gzip")
+            .body(Body::empty())
+            .unwrap();
+        let res = svc.ready().await.unwrap().call(req).await.unwrap();
+
+        // we treat x-gzip as equivalent to gzip and don't have to return x-gzip
+        // taking extra caution by checking all headers with this name
+        assert_eq!(
+            res.headers()
+                .get_all("content-encoding")
+                .iter()
+                .collect::<Vec<&HeaderValue>>(),
+            vec!(HeaderValue::from_static("gzip"))
+        );
+
+        // read the compressed body
+        let collected = res.into_body().collect().await.unwrap();
+        let trailers = collected.trailers().cloned().unwrap();
+        let compressed_data = collected.to_bytes();
+
+        // decompress the body
+        // doing this with flate2 as that is much easier than async-compression and blocking during
+        // tests is fine
+        let mut decoder = GzDecoder::new(&compressed_data[..]);
+        let mut decompressed = String::new();
+        decoder.read_to_string(&mut decompressed).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(decompressed, "Hello, World!");
+
+        // trailers are maintained
+        assert_eq!(trailers["foo"], "bar");
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn zstd_works() {
         let svc = service_fn(handle);
diff --git a/tower-http/src/content_encoding.rs b/tower-http/src/content_encoding.rs
index 9273a0f3..11860726 100644
--- a/tower-http/src/content_encoding.rs
+++ b/tower-http/src/content_encoding.rs
@@ -61,7 +61,9 @@ impl Encoding {
     ))]
     fn parse(s: &str, _supported_encoding: impl SupportedEncodings) -> Option<Encoding> {
         #[cfg(any(feature = "fs", feature = "compression-gzip"))]
-        if s.eq_ignore_ascii_case("gzip") && _supported_encoding.gzip() {
+        if (s.eq_ignore_ascii_case("gzip") || s.eq_ignore_ascii_case("x-gzip"))
+            && _supported_encoding.gzip()
+        {
             return Some(Encoding::Gzip);
         }
 
@@ -297,6 +299,28 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(Encoding::Brotli, encoding);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn accept_encoding_header_gzip_x_gzip() {
+        let mut headers = http::HeaderMap::new();
+        headers.append(
+            http::header::ACCEPT_ENCODING,
+            http::HeaderValue::from_static("gzip,x-gzip"),
+        );
+        let encoding = Encoding::from_headers(&headers, SupportedEncodingsAll);
+        assert_eq!(Encoding::Gzip, encoding);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn accept_encoding_header_x_gzip_deflate() {
+        let mut headers = http::HeaderMap::new();
+        headers.append(
+            http::header::ACCEPT_ENCODING,
+            http::HeaderValue::from_static("deflate,x-gzip"),
+        );
+        let encoding = Encoding::from_headers(&headers, SupportedEncodingsAll);
+        assert_eq!(Encoding::Gzip, encoding);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn accept_encoding_header_three_encodings() {
         let mut headers = http::HeaderMap::new();