From 5d67cf2b785c03b1251c25c94ea7d1a58bcbdf19 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom MacWright <tom@macwright.org>
Date: Wed, 27 Apr 2016 18:11:29 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] Add node v6 support. Fixes #106

---
 lib/index.js     |    3 +-
 node/fs-6.0.0.js | 2075 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 2077 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 node/fs-6.0.0.js

diff --git a/lib/index.js b/lib/index.js
index 98226735..28731020 100644
--- a/lib/index.js
+++ b/lib/index.js
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ var versions = {
   '2.x.x': 'fs-2.0.0.js',
   '3.x.x': 'fs-3.0.0.js',
   '4.x.x': 'fs-4.0.0.js',
-  '5.x.x': 'fs-5.0.0.js'
+  '5.x.x': 'fs-5.0.0.js',
+  '6.x.x': 'fs-5.0.0.js'
 };
 var nodeVersion = process.versions.node;
 var fsName;
diff --git a/node/fs-6.0.0.js b/node/fs-6.0.0.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..398df2f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node/fs-6.0.0.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2075 @@
+// Maintainers, keep in mind that ES1-style octal literals (`0666`) are not
+// allowed in strict mode. Use ES6-style octal literals instead (`0o666`).
+
+'use strict';
+
+const SlowBuffer = require('buffer').SlowBuffer;
+const util = require('util');
+const pathModule = require('path');
+
+var binding = process.binding('fs');
+const constants = process.binding('constants');
+const fs = exports;
+const Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
+const Stream = require('stream').Stream;
+const EventEmitter = require('events');
+const FSReqWrap = binding.FSReqWrap;
+const FSEvent = process.binding('fs_event_wrap').FSEvent;
+
+const Readable = Stream.Readable;
+const Writable = Stream.Writable;
+
+const kMinPoolSpace = 128;
+const kMaxLength = require('buffer').kMaxLength;
+
+const O_APPEND = constants.O_APPEND || 0;
+const O_CREAT = constants.O_CREAT || 0;
+const O_EXCL = constants.O_EXCL || 0;
+const O_RDONLY = constants.O_RDONLY || 0;
+const O_RDWR = constants.O_RDWR || 0;
+const O_SYNC = constants.O_SYNC || 0;
+const O_TRUNC = constants.O_TRUNC || 0;
+const O_WRONLY = constants.O_WRONLY || 0;
+
+const isWindows = process.platform === 'win32';
+
+const DEBUG = process.env.NODE_DEBUG && /fs/.test(process.env.NODE_DEBUG);
+const errnoException = util._errnoException;
+
+function throwOptionsError(options) {
+  throw new TypeError('Expected options to be either an object or a string, ' +
+    'but got ' + typeof options + ' instead');
+}
+
+function rethrow() {
+  // Only enable in debug mode. A backtrace uses ~1000 bytes of heap space and
+  // is fairly slow to generate.
+  if (DEBUG) {
+    var backtrace = new Error();
+    return function(err) {
+      if (err) {
+        backtrace.stack = err.name + ': ' + err.message +
+                          backtrace.stack.substr(backtrace.name.length);
+        throw backtrace;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  return function(err) {
+    if (err) {
+      throw err;  // Forgot a callback but don't know where? Use NODE_DEBUG=fs
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function maybeCallback(cb) {
+  return typeof cb === 'function' ? cb : rethrow();
+}
+
+// Ensure that callbacks run in the global context. Only use this function
+// for callbacks that are passed to the binding layer, callbacks that are
+// invoked from JS already run in the proper scope.
+function makeCallback(cb) {
+  if (cb === undefined) {
+    return rethrow();
+  }
+
+  if (typeof cb !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('callback must be a function');
+  }
+
+  return function() {
+    return cb.apply(null, arguments);
+  };
+}
+
+function assertEncoding(encoding) {
+  if (encoding && !Buffer.isEncoding(encoding)) {
+    throw new Error('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding);
+  }
+}
+
+function nullCheck(path, callback) {
+  if (('' + path).indexOf('\u0000') !== -1) {
+    var er = new Error('Path must be a string without null bytes.');
+    er.code = 'ENOENT';
+    if (typeof callback !== 'function')
+      throw er;
+    process.nextTick(callback, er);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+function isFd(path) {
+  return (path >>> 0) === path;
+}
+
+// Static method to set the stats properties on a Stats object.
+fs.Stats = function(
+    dev,
+    mode,
+    nlink,
+    uid,
+    gid,
+    rdev,
+    blksize,
+    ino,
+    size,
+    blocks,
+    atim_msec,
+    mtim_msec,
+    ctim_msec,
+    birthtim_msec) {
+  this.dev = dev;
+  this.mode = mode;
+  this.nlink = nlink;
+  this.uid = uid;
+  this.gid = gid;
+  this.rdev = rdev;
+  this.blksize = blksize;
+  this.ino = ino;
+  this.size = size;
+  this.blocks = blocks;
+  this.atime = new Date(atim_msec);
+  this.mtime = new Date(mtim_msec);
+  this.ctime = new Date(ctim_msec);
+  this.birthtime = new Date(birthtim_msec);
+};
+
+// Create a C++ binding to the function which creates a Stats object.
+binding.FSInitialize(fs.Stats);
+
+fs.Stats.prototype._checkModeProperty = function(property) {
+  return ((this.mode & constants.S_IFMT) === property);
+};
+
+fs.Stats.prototype.isDirectory = function() {
+  return this._checkModeProperty(constants.S_IFDIR);
+};
+
+fs.Stats.prototype.isFile = function() {
+  return this._checkModeProperty(constants.S_IFREG);
+};
+
+fs.Stats.prototype.isBlockDevice = function() {
+  return this._checkModeProperty(constants.S_IFBLK);
+};
+
+fs.Stats.prototype.isCharacterDevice = function() {
+  return this._checkModeProperty(constants.S_IFCHR);
+};
+
+fs.Stats.prototype.isSymbolicLink = function() {
+  return this._checkModeProperty(constants.S_IFLNK);
+};
+
+fs.Stats.prototype.isFIFO = function() {
+  return this._checkModeProperty(constants.S_IFIFO);
+};
+
+fs.Stats.prototype.isSocket = function() {
+  return this._checkModeProperty(constants.S_IFSOCK);
+};
+
+// Don't allow mode to accidentally be overwritten.
+['F_OK', 'R_OK', 'W_OK', 'X_OK'].forEach(function(key) {
+  Object.defineProperty(fs, key, {
+    enumerable: true, value: constants[key] || 0, writable: false
+  });
+});
+
+fs.access = function(path, mode, callback) {
+  if (typeof mode === 'function') {
+    callback = mode;
+    mode = fs.F_OK;
+  } else if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('callback must be a function');
+  }
+
+  if (!nullCheck(path, callback))
+    return;
+
+  mode = mode | 0;
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = makeCallback(callback);
+  binding.access(pathModule._makeLong(path), mode, req);
+};
+
+fs.accessSync = function(path, mode) {
+  nullCheck(path);
+
+  if (mode === undefined)
+    mode = fs.F_OK;
+  else
+    mode = mode | 0;
+
+  binding.access(pathModule._makeLong(path), mode);
+};
+
+fs.exists = function(path, callback) {
+  if (!nullCheck(path, cb)) return;
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = cb;
+  binding.stat(pathModule._makeLong(path), req);
+  function cb(err, stats) {
+    if (callback) callback(err ? false : true);
+  }
+};
+
+fs.existsSync = function(path) {
+  try {
+    nullCheck(path);
+    binding.stat(pathModule._makeLong(path));
+    return true;
+  } catch (e) {
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+fs.readFile = function(path, options, callback_) {
+  var callback = maybeCallback(arguments[arguments.length - 1]);
+
+  if (!options || typeof options === 'function') {
+    options = { encoding: null, flag: 'r' };
+  } else if (typeof options === 'string') {
+    options = { encoding: options, flag: 'r' };
+  } else if (typeof options !== 'object') {
+    throwOptionsError(options);
+  }
+
+  var encoding = options.encoding;
+  assertEncoding(encoding);
+
+  var flag = options.flag || 'r';
+
+  if (!nullCheck(path, callback))
+    return;
+
+  var context = new ReadFileContext(callback, encoding);
+  context.isUserFd = isFd(path); // file descriptor ownership
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.context = context;
+  req.oncomplete = readFileAfterOpen.bind(req);
+
+  if (context.isUserFd) {
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      req.oncomplete(null, path);
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  binding.open(pathModule._makeLong(path),
+               stringToFlags(flag),
+               0o666,
+               req);
+};
+
+const kReadFileBufferLength = 8 * 1024;
+
+function ReadFileContext(callback, encoding) {
+  this.fd = undefined;
+  this.isUserFd = undefined;
+  this.size = undefined;
+  this.callback = callback;
+  this.buffers = null;
+  this.buffer = null;
+  this.pos = 0;
+  this.encoding = encoding;
+  this.err = null;
+}
+
+ReadFileContext.prototype.read = function() {
+  var buffer;
+  var offset;
+  var length;
+
+  if (this.size === 0) {
+    buffer = this.buffer = new SlowBuffer(kReadFileBufferLength);
+    offset = 0;
+    length = kReadFileBufferLength;
+  } else {
+    buffer = this.buffer;
+    offset = this.pos;
+    length = this.size - this.pos;
+  }
+
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = readFileAfterRead.bind(req);
+  req.context = this;
+
+  binding.read(this.fd, buffer, offset, length, -1, req);
+};
+
+ReadFileContext.prototype.close = function(err) {
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = readFileAfterClose.bind(req);
+  req.context = this;
+  this.err = err;
+
+  if (this.isUserFd) {
+    process.nextTick(function() {
+      req.oncomplete(null);
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  binding.close(this.fd, req);
+};
+
+function readFileAfterOpen(err, fd) {
+  var context = this.context;
+
+  if (err) {
+    context.callback(err);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  context.fd = fd;
+
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = readFileAfterStat.bind(req);
+  req.context = context;
+  binding.fstat(fd, req);
+}
+
+function readFileAfterStat(err, st) {
+  var context = this.context;
+
+  if (err)
+    return context.close(err);
+
+  var size = context.size = st.isFile() ? st.size : 0;
+
+  if (size === 0) {
+    context.buffers = [];
+    context.read();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (size > kMaxLength) {
+    err = new RangeError('File size is greater than possible Buffer: ' +
+                         `0x${kMaxLength.toString(16)} bytes`);
+    return context.close(err);
+  }
+
+  context.buffer = new SlowBuffer(size);
+  context.read();
+}
+
+function readFileAfterRead(err, bytesRead) {
+  var context = this.context;
+
+  if (err)
+    return context.close(err);
+
+  if (bytesRead === 0)
+    return context.close();
+
+  context.pos += bytesRead;
+
+  if (context.size !== 0) {
+    if (context.pos === context.size)
+      context.close();
+    else
+      context.read();
+  } else {
+    // unknown size, just read until we don't get bytes.
+    context.buffers.push(context.buffer.slice(0, bytesRead));
+    context.read();
+  }
+}
+
+function readFileAfterClose(err) {
+  var context = this.context;
+  var buffer = null;
+  var callback = context.callback;
+
+  if (context.err)
+    return callback(context.err);
+
+  if (context.size === 0)
+    buffer = Buffer.concat(context.buffers, context.pos);
+  else if (context.pos < context.size)
+    buffer = context.buffer.slice(0, context.pos);
+  else
+    buffer = context.buffer;
+
+  if (err) return callback(err, buffer);
+
+  if (context.encoding) {
+    return tryToString(buffer, context.encoding, callback);
+  }
+
+  callback(null, buffer);
+}
+
+function tryToString(buf, encoding, callback) {
+  var e = null;
+  try {
+    buf = buf.toString(encoding);
+  } catch (err) {
+    e = err;
+  }
+  callback(e, buf);
+}
+
+fs.readFileSync = function(path, options) {
+  if (!options) {
+    options = { encoding: null, flag: 'r' };
+  } else if (typeof options === 'string') {
+    options = { encoding: options, flag: 'r' };
+  } else if (typeof options !== 'object') {
+    throwOptionsError(options);
+  }
+
+  var encoding = options.encoding;
+  assertEncoding(encoding);
+
+  var flag = options.flag || 'r';
+  var isUserFd = isFd(path); // file descriptor ownership
+  var fd = isUserFd ? path : fs.openSync(path, flag, 0o666);
+
+  var st;
+  var size;
+  var threw = true;
+  try {
+    st = fs.fstatSync(fd);
+    size = st.isFile() ? st.size : 0;
+    threw = false;
+  } finally {
+    if (threw && !isUserFd) fs.closeSync(fd);
+  }
+
+  var pos = 0;
+  var buffer; // single buffer with file data
+  var buffers; // list for when size is unknown
+
+  if (size === 0) {
+    buffers = [];
+  } else {
+    threw = true;
+    try {
+      buffer = new Buffer(size);
+      threw = false;
+    } finally {
+      if (threw && !isUserFd) fs.closeSync(fd);
+    }
+  }
+
+  var done = false;
+  var bytesRead;
+
+  while (!done) {
+    threw = true;
+    try {
+      if (size !== 0) {
+        bytesRead = fs.readSync(fd, buffer, pos, size - pos);
+      } else {
+        // the kernel lies about many files.
+        // Go ahead and try to read some bytes.
+        buffer = new Buffer(8192);
+        bytesRead = fs.readSync(fd, buffer, 0, 8192);
+        if (bytesRead) {
+          buffers.push(buffer.slice(0, bytesRead));
+        }
+      }
+      threw = false;
+    } finally {
+      if (threw && !isUserFd) fs.closeSync(fd);
+    }
+
+    pos += bytesRead;
+    done = (bytesRead === 0) || (size !== 0 && pos >= size);
+  }
+
+  if (!isUserFd)
+    fs.closeSync(fd);
+
+  if (size === 0) {
+    // data was collected into the buffers list.
+    buffer = Buffer.concat(buffers, pos);
+  } else if (pos < size) {
+    buffer = buffer.slice(0, pos);
+  }
+
+  if (encoding) buffer = buffer.toString(encoding);
+  return buffer;
+};
+
+
+// Used by binding.open and friends
+function stringToFlags(flag) {
+  // Only mess with strings
+  if (typeof flag !== 'string') {
+    return flag;
+  }
+
+  switch (flag) {
+    case 'r' : return O_RDONLY;
+    case 'rs' : // fall through
+    case 'sr' : return O_RDONLY | O_SYNC;
+    case 'r+' : return O_RDWR;
+    case 'rs+' : // fall through
+    case 'sr+' : return O_RDWR | O_SYNC;
+
+    case 'w' : return O_TRUNC | O_CREAT | O_WRONLY;
+    case 'wx' : // fall through
+    case 'xw' : return O_TRUNC | O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_EXCL;
+
+    case 'w+' : return O_TRUNC | O_CREAT | O_RDWR;
+    case 'wx+': // fall through
+    case 'xw+': return O_TRUNC | O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_EXCL;
+
+    case 'a' : return O_APPEND | O_CREAT | O_WRONLY;
+    case 'ax' : // fall through
+    case 'xa' : return O_APPEND | O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_EXCL;
+
+    case 'a+' : return O_APPEND | O_CREAT | O_RDWR;
+    case 'ax+': // fall through
+    case 'xa+': return O_APPEND | O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_EXCL;
+  }
+
+  throw new Error('Unknown file open flag: ' + flag);
+}
+
+// exported but hidden, only used by test/simple/test-fs-open-flags.js
+Object.defineProperty(exports, '_stringToFlags', {
+  enumerable: false,
+  value: stringToFlags
+});
+
+
+// Yes, the follow could be easily DRYed up but I provide the explicit
+// list to make the arguments clear.
+
+fs.close = function(fd, callback) {
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = makeCallback(callback);
+  binding.close(fd, req);
+};
+
+fs.closeSync = function(fd) {
+  return binding.close(fd);
+};
+
+function modeNum(m, def) {
+  if (typeof m === 'number')
+    return m;
+  if (typeof m === 'string')
+    return parseInt(m, 8);
+  if (def)
+    return modeNum(def);
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+fs.open = function(path, flags, mode, callback_) {
+  var callback = makeCallback(arguments[arguments.length - 1]);
+  mode = modeNum(mode, 0o666);
+
+  if (!nullCheck(path, callback)) return;
+
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = callback;
+
+  binding.open(pathModule._makeLong(path),
+               stringToFlags(flags),
+               mode,
+               req);
+};
+
+fs.openSync = function(path, flags, mode) {
+  mode = modeNum(mode, 0o666);
+  nullCheck(path);
+  return binding.open(pathModule._makeLong(path), stringToFlags(flags), mode);
+};
+
+fs.read = function(fd, buffer, offset, length, position, callback) {
+  if (!(buffer instanceof Buffer)) {
+    // legacy string interface (fd, length, position, encoding, callback)
+    var cb = arguments[4],
+        encoding = arguments[3];
+
+    assertEncoding(encoding);
+
+    position = arguments[2];
+    length = arguments[1];
+    buffer = new Buffer(length);
+    offset = 0;
+
+    callback = function(err, bytesRead) {
+      if (!cb) return;
+      if (err) return cb(err);
+
+      if (bytesRead > 0) {
+        tryToStringWithEnd(buffer, encoding, bytesRead, cb);
+      } else {
+        (cb)(err, '', bytesRead);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  function wrapper(err, bytesRead) {
+    // Retain a reference to buffer so that it can't be GC'ed too soon.
+    callback && callback(err, bytesRead || 0, buffer);
+  }
+
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = wrapper;
+
+  binding.read(fd, buffer, offset, length, position, req);
+};
+
+function tryToStringWithEnd(buf, encoding, end, callback) {
+  var e;
+  try {
+    buf = buf.toString(encoding, 0, end);
+  } catch (err) {
+    e = err;
+  }
+  callback(e, buf, end);
+}
+
+fs.readSync = function(fd, buffer, offset, length, position) {
+  var legacy = false;
+  var encoding;
+
+  if (!(buffer instanceof Buffer)) {
+    // legacy string interface (fd, length, position, encoding, callback)
+    legacy = true;
+    encoding = arguments[3];
+
+    assertEncoding(encoding);
+
+    position = arguments[2];
+    length = arguments[1];
+    buffer = new Buffer(length);
+
+    offset = 0;
+  }
+
+  var r = binding.read(fd, buffer, offset, length, position);
+  if (!legacy) {
+    return r;
+  }
+
+  var str = (r > 0) ? buffer.toString(encoding, 0, r) : '';
+  return [str, r];
+};
+
+// usage:
+//  fs.write(fd, buffer, offset, length[, position], callback);
+// OR
+//  fs.write(fd, string[, position[, encoding]], callback);
+fs.write = function(fd, buffer, offset, length, position, callback) {
+  function wrapper(err, written) {
+    // Retain a reference to buffer so that it can't be GC'ed too soon.
+    callback(err, written || 0, buffer);
+  }
+
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = wrapper;
+
+  if (buffer instanceof Buffer) {
+    // if no position is passed then assume null
+    if (typeof position === 'function') {
+      callback = position;
+      position = null;
+    }
+    callback = maybeCallback(callback);
+    return binding.writeBuffer(fd, buffer, offset, length, position, req);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof buffer !== 'string')
+    buffer += '';
+  if (typeof position !== 'function') {
+    if (typeof offset === 'function') {
+      position = offset;
+      offset = null;
+    } else {
+      position = length;
+    }
+    length = 'utf8';
+  }
+  callback = maybeCallback(position);
+  return binding.writeString(fd, buffer, offset, length, req);
+};
+
+// usage:
+//  fs.writeSync(fd, buffer, offset, length[, position]);
+// OR
+//  fs.writeSync(fd, string[, position[, encoding]]);
+fs.writeSync = function(fd, buffer, offset, length, position) {
+  if (buffer instanceof Buffer) {
+    if (position === undefined)
+      position = null;
+    return binding.writeBuffer(fd, buffer, offset, length, position);
+  }
+  if (typeof buffer !== 'string')
+    buffer += '';
+  if (offset === undefined)
+    offset = null;
+  return binding.writeString(fd, buffer, offset, length, position);
+};
+
+fs.rename = function(oldPath, newPath, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  if (!nullCheck(oldPath, callback)) return;
+  if (!nullCheck(newPath, callback)) return;
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = callback;
+  binding.rename(pathModule._makeLong(oldPath),
+                 pathModule._makeLong(newPath),
+                 req);
+};
+
+fs.renameSync = function(oldPath, newPath) {
+  nullCheck(oldPath);
+  nullCheck(newPath);
+  return binding.rename(pathModule._makeLong(oldPath),
+                        pathModule._makeLong(newPath));
+};
+
+fs.truncate = function(path, len, callback) {
+  if (typeof path === 'number') {
+    return fs.ftruncate(path, len, callback);
+  }
+  if (typeof len === 'function') {
+    callback = len;
+    len = 0;
+  } else if (len === undefined) {
+    len = 0;
+  }
+
+  callback = maybeCallback(callback);
+  fs.open(path, 'r+', function(er, fd) {
+    if (er) return callback(er);
+    var req = new FSReqWrap();
+    req.oncomplete = function ftruncateCb(er) {
+      fs.close(fd, function(er2) {
+        callback(er || er2);
+      });
+    };
+    binding.ftruncate(fd, len, req);
+  });
+};
+
+fs.truncateSync = function(path, len) {
+  if (typeof path === 'number') {
+    // legacy
+    return fs.ftruncateSync(path, len);
+  }
+  if (len === undefined) {
+    len = 0;
+  }
+  // allow error to be thrown, but still close fd.
+  var fd = fs.openSync(path, 'r+');
+  var ret;
+
+  try {
+    ret = fs.ftruncateSync(fd, len);
+  } finally {
+    fs.closeSync(fd);
+  }
+  return ret;
+};
+
+fs.ftruncate = function(fd, len, callback) {
+  if (typeof len === 'function') {
+    callback = len;
+    len = 0;
+  } else if (len === undefined) {
+    len = 0;
+  }
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = makeCallback(callback);
+  binding.ftruncate(fd, len, req);
+};
+
+fs.ftruncateSync = function(fd, len) {
+  if (len === undefined) {
+    len = 0;
+  }
+  return binding.ftruncate(fd, len);
+};
+
+fs.rmdir = function(path, callback) {
+  callback = maybeCallback(callback);
+  if (!nullCheck(path, callback)) return;
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = callback;
+  binding.rmdir(pathModule._makeLong(path), req);
+};
+
+fs.rmdirSync = function(path) {
+  nullCheck(path);
+  return binding.rmdir(pathModule._makeLong(path));
+};
+
+fs.fdatasync = function(fd, callback) {
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = makeCallback(callback);
+  binding.fdatasync(fd, req);
+};
+
+fs.fdatasyncSync = function(fd) {
+  return binding.fdatasync(fd);
+};
+
+fs.fsync = function(fd, callback) {
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = makeCallback(callback);
+  binding.fsync(fd, req);
+};
+
+fs.fsyncSync = function(fd) {
+  return binding.fsync(fd);
+};
+
+fs.mkdir = function(path, mode, callback) {
+  if (typeof mode === 'function') callback = mode;
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  if (!nullCheck(path, callback)) return;
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = callback;
+  binding.mkdir(pathModule._makeLong(path),
+                modeNum(mode, 0o777),
+                req);
+};
+
+fs.mkdirSync = function(path, mode) {
+  nullCheck(path);
+  return binding.mkdir(pathModule._makeLong(path),
+                       modeNum(mode, 0o777));
+};
+
+fs.readdir = function(path, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  if (!nullCheck(path, callback)) return;
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = callback;
+  binding.readdir(pathModule._makeLong(path), req);
+};
+
+fs.readdirSync = function(path) {
+  nullCheck(path);
+  return binding.readdir(pathModule._makeLong(path));
+};
+
+fs.fstat = function(fd, callback) {
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = makeCallback(callback);
+  binding.fstat(fd, req);
+};
+
+fs.lstat = function(path, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  if (!nullCheck(path, callback)) return;
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = callback;
+  binding.lstat(pathModule._makeLong(path), req);
+};
+
+fs.stat = function(path, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  if (!nullCheck(path, callback)) return;
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = callback;
+  binding.stat(pathModule._makeLong(path), req);
+};
+
+fs.fstatSync = function(fd) {
+  return binding.fstat(fd);
+};
+
+fs.lstatSync = function(path) {
+  nullCheck(path);
+  return binding.lstat(pathModule._makeLong(path));
+};
+
+fs.statSync = function(path) {
+  nullCheck(path);
+  return binding.stat(pathModule._makeLong(path));
+};
+
+fs.readlink = function(path, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  if (!nullCheck(path, callback)) return;
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = callback;
+  binding.readlink(pathModule._makeLong(path), req);
+};
+
+fs.readlinkSync = function(path) {
+  nullCheck(path);
+  return binding.readlink(pathModule._makeLong(path));
+};
+
+function preprocessSymlinkDestination(path, type, linkPath) {
+  if (!isWindows) {
+    // No preprocessing is needed on Unix.
+    return path;
+  } else if (type === 'junction') {
+    // Junctions paths need to be absolute and \\?\-prefixed.
+    // A relative target is relative to the link's parent directory.
+    path = pathModule.resolve(linkPath, '..', path);
+    return pathModule._makeLong(path);
+  } else {
+    // Windows symlinks don't tolerate forward slashes.
+    return ('' + path).replace(/\//g, '\\');
+  }
+}
+
+fs.symlink = function(destination, path, type_, callback_) {
+  var type = (typeof type_ === 'string' ? type_ : null);
+  var callback = makeCallback(arguments[arguments.length - 1]);
+
+  if (!nullCheck(destination, callback)) return;
+  if (!nullCheck(path, callback)) return;
+
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = callback;
+
+  binding.symlink(preprocessSymlinkDestination(destination, type, path),
+                  pathModule._makeLong(path),
+                  type,
+                  req);
+};
+
+fs.symlinkSync = function(destination, path, type) {
+  type = (typeof type === 'string' ? type : null);
+
+  nullCheck(destination);
+  nullCheck(path);
+
+  return binding.symlink(preprocessSymlinkDestination(destination, type, path),
+                         pathModule._makeLong(path),
+                         type);
+};
+
+fs.link = function(srcpath, dstpath, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  if (!nullCheck(srcpath, callback)) return;
+  if (!nullCheck(dstpath, callback)) return;
+
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = callback;
+
+  binding.link(pathModule._makeLong(srcpath),
+               pathModule._makeLong(dstpath),
+               req);
+};
+
+fs.linkSync = function(srcpath, dstpath) {
+  nullCheck(srcpath);
+  nullCheck(dstpath);
+  return binding.link(pathModule._makeLong(srcpath),
+                      pathModule._makeLong(dstpath));
+};
+
+fs.unlink = function(path, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  if (!nullCheck(path, callback)) return;
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = callback;
+  binding.unlink(pathModule._makeLong(path), req);
+};
+
+fs.unlinkSync = function(path) {
+  nullCheck(path);
+  return binding.unlink(pathModule._makeLong(path));
+};
+
+fs.fchmod = function(fd, mode, callback) {
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = makeCallback(callback);
+  binding.fchmod(fd, modeNum(mode), req);
+};
+
+fs.fchmodSync = function(fd, mode) {
+  return binding.fchmod(fd, modeNum(mode));
+};
+
+if (constants.hasOwnProperty('O_SYMLINK')) {
+  fs.lchmod = function(path, mode, callback) {
+    callback = maybeCallback(callback);
+    fs.open(path, constants.O_WRONLY | constants.O_SYMLINK, function(err, fd) {
+      if (err) {
+        callback(err);
+        return;
+      }
+      // prefer to return the chmod error, if one occurs,
+      // but still try to close, and report closing errors if they occur.
+      fs.fchmod(fd, mode, function(err) {
+        fs.close(fd, function(err2) {
+          callback(err || err2);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  };
+
+  fs.lchmodSync = function(path, mode) {
+    var fd = fs.openSync(path, constants.O_WRONLY | constants.O_SYMLINK);
+
+    // prefer to return the chmod error, if one occurs,
+    // but still try to close, and report closing errors if they occur.
+    var err, err2, ret;
+    try {
+      ret = fs.fchmodSync(fd, mode);
+    } catch (er) {
+      err = er;
+    }
+    try {
+      fs.closeSync(fd);
+    } catch (er) {
+      err2 = er;
+    }
+    if (err || err2) throw (err || err2);
+    return ret;
+  };
+}
+
+
+fs.chmod = function(path, mode, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  if (!nullCheck(path, callback)) return;
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = callback;
+  binding.chmod(pathModule._makeLong(path),
+                modeNum(mode),
+                req);
+};
+
+fs.chmodSync = function(path, mode) {
+  nullCheck(path);
+  return binding.chmod(pathModule._makeLong(path), modeNum(mode));
+};
+
+if (constants.hasOwnProperty('O_SYMLINK')) {
+  fs.lchown = function(path, uid, gid, callback) {
+    callback = maybeCallback(callback);
+    fs.open(path, constants.O_WRONLY | constants.O_SYMLINK, function(err, fd) {
+      if (err) {
+        callback(err);
+        return;
+      }
+      fs.fchown(fd, uid, gid, callback);
+    });
+  };
+
+  fs.lchownSync = function(path, uid, gid) {
+    var fd = fs.openSync(path, constants.O_WRONLY | constants.O_SYMLINK);
+    return fs.fchownSync(fd, uid, gid);
+  };
+}
+
+fs.fchown = function(fd, uid, gid, callback) {
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = makeCallback(callback);
+  binding.fchown(fd, uid, gid, req);
+};
+
+fs.fchownSync = function(fd, uid, gid) {
+  return binding.fchown(fd, uid, gid);
+};
+
+fs.chown = function(path, uid, gid, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  if (!nullCheck(path, callback)) return;
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = callback;
+  binding.chown(pathModule._makeLong(path), uid, gid, req);
+};
+
+fs.chownSync = function(path, uid, gid) {
+  nullCheck(path);
+  return binding.chown(pathModule._makeLong(path), uid, gid);
+};
+
+// converts Date or number to a fractional UNIX timestamp
+function toUnixTimestamp(time) {
+  if (typeof time === 'string' && +time == time) {
+    return +time;
+  }
+  if (typeof time === 'number') {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(time) || time < 0) {
+      return Date.now() / 1000;
+    }
+    return time;
+  }
+  if (util.isDate(time)) {
+    // convert to 123.456 UNIX timestamp
+    return time.getTime() / 1000;
+  }
+  throw new Error('Cannot parse time: ' + time);
+}
+
+// exported for unit tests, not for public consumption
+fs._toUnixTimestamp = toUnixTimestamp;
+
+fs.utimes = function(path, atime, mtime, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  if (!nullCheck(path, callback)) return;
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = callback;
+  binding.utimes(pathModule._makeLong(path),
+                 toUnixTimestamp(atime),
+                 toUnixTimestamp(mtime),
+                 req);
+};
+
+fs.utimesSync = function(path, atime, mtime) {
+  nullCheck(path);
+  atime = toUnixTimestamp(atime);
+  mtime = toUnixTimestamp(mtime);
+  binding.utimes(pathModule._makeLong(path), atime, mtime);
+};
+
+fs.futimes = function(fd, atime, mtime, callback) {
+  atime = toUnixTimestamp(atime);
+  mtime = toUnixTimestamp(mtime);
+  var req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = makeCallback(callback);
+  binding.futimes(fd, atime, mtime, req);
+};
+
+fs.futimesSync = function(fd, atime, mtime) {
+  atime = toUnixTimestamp(atime);
+  mtime = toUnixTimestamp(mtime);
+  binding.futimes(fd, atime, mtime);
+};
+
+function writeAll(fd, isUserFd, buffer, offset, length, position, callback_) {
+  var callback = maybeCallback(arguments[arguments.length - 1]);
+
+  // write(fd, buffer, offset, length, position, callback)
+  fs.write(fd, buffer, offset, length, position, function(writeErr, written) {
+    if (writeErr) {
+      if (isUserFd) {
+        if (callback) callback(writeErr);
+      } else {
+        fs.close(fd, function() {
+          if (callback) callback(writeErr);
+        });
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (written === length) {
+        if (isUserFd) {
+          if (callback) callback(null);
+        } else {
+          fs.close(fd, callback);
+        }
+      } else {
+        offset += written;
+        length -= written;
+        if (position !== null) {
+          position += written;
+        }
+        writeAll(fd, isUserFd, buffer, offset, length, position, callback);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+fs.writeFile = function(path, data, options, callback_) {
+  var callback = maybeCallback(arguments[arguments.length - 1]);
+
+  if (!options || typeof options === 'function') {
+    options = { encoding: 'utf8', mode: 0o666, flag: 'w' };
+  } else if (typeof options === 'string') {
+    options = { encoding: options, mode: 0o666, flag: 'w' };
+  } else if (typeof options !== 'object') {
+    throwOptionsError(options);
+  }
+
+  assertEncoding(options.encoding);
+
+  var flag = options.flag || 'w';
+
+  if (isFd(path)) {
+    writeFd(path, true);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  fs.open(path, flag, options.mode, function(openErr, fd) {
+    if (openErr) {
+      if (callback) callback(openErr);
+    } else {
+      writeFd(fd, false);
+    }
+  });
+
+  function writeFd(fd, isUserFd) {
+    var buffer = (data instanceof Buffer) ? data : new Buffer('' + data,
+        options.encoding || 'utf8');
+    var position = /a/.test(flag) ? null : 0;
+
+    writeAll(fd, isUserFd, buffer, 0, buffer.length, position, callback);
+  }
+};
+
+fs.writeFileSync = function(path, data, options) {
+  if (!options) {
+    options = { encoding: 'utf8', mode: 0o666, flag: 'w' };
+  } else if (typeof options === 'string') {
+    options = { encoding: options, mode: 0o666, flag: 'w' };
+  } else if (typeof options !== 'object') {
+    throwOptionsError(options);
+  }
+
+  assertEncoding(options.encoding);
+
+  var flag = options.flag || 'w';
+  var isUserFd = isFd(path); // file descriptor ownership
+  var fd = isUserFd ? path : fs.openSync(path, flag, options.mode);
+
+  if (!(data instanceof Buffer)) {
+    data = new Buffer('' + data, options.encoding || 'utf8');
+  }
+  var offset = 0;
+  var length = data.length;
+  var position = /a/.test(flag) ? null : 0;
+  try {
+    while (length > 0) {
+      var written = fs.writeSync(fd, data, offset, length, position);
+      offset += written;
+      length -= written;
+      if (position !== null) {
+        position += written;
+      }
+    }
+  } finally {
+    if (!isUserFd) fs.closeSync(fd);
+  }
+};
+
+fs.appendFile = function(path, data, options, callback_) {
+  var callback = maybeCallback(arguments[arguments.length - 1]);
+
+  if (!options || typeof options === 'function') {
+    options = { encoding: 'utf8', mode: 0o666, flag: 'a' };
+  } else if (typeof options === 'string') {
+    options = { encoding: options, mode: 0o666, flag: 'a' };
+  } else if (typeof options !== 'object') {
+    throwOptionsError(options);
+  }
+
+  if (!options.flag)
+    options = util._extend({ flag: 'a' }, options);
+
+  // force append behavior when using a supplied file descriptor
+  if (isFd(path))
+    options.flag = 'a';
+
+  fs.writeFile(path, data, options, callback);
+};
+
+fs.appendFileSync = function(path, data, options) {
+  if (!options) {
+    options = { encoding: 'utf8', mode: 0o666, flag: 'a' };
+  } else if (typeof options === 'string') {
+    options = { encoding: options, mode: 0o666, flag: 'a' };
+  } else if (typeof options !== 'object') {
+    throwOptionsError(options);
+  }
+
+  if (!options.flag)
+    options = util._extend({ flag: 'a' }, options);
+
+  // force append behavior when using a supplied file descriptor
+  if (isFd(path))
+    options.flag = 'a';
+
+  fs.writeFileSync(path, data, options);
+};
+
+function FSWatcher() {
+  EventEmitter.call(this);
+
+  var self = this;
+  this._handle = new FSEvent();
+  this._handle.owner = this;
+
+  this._handle.onchange = function(status, event, filename) {
+    if (status < 0) {
+      self._handle.close();
+      const error = errnoException(status, `watch ${filename}`);
+      error.filename = filename;
+      self.emit('error', error);
+    } else {
+      self.emit('change', event, filename);
+    }
+  };
+}
+util.inherits(FSWatcher, EventEmitter);
+
+FSWatcher.prototype.start = function(filename, persistent, recursive) {
+  nullCheck(filename);
+  var err = this._handle.start(pathModule._makeLong(filename),
+                               persistent,
+                               recursive);
+  if (err) {
+    this._handle.close();
+    const error = errnoException(err, `watch ${filename}`);
+    error.filename = filename;
+    throw error;
+  }
+};
+
+FSWatcher.prototype.close = function() {
+  this._handle.close();
+};
+
+fs.watch = function(filename) {
+  nullCheck(filename);
+  var watcher;
+  var options;
+  var listener;
+
+  if (arguments[1] !== null && typeof arguments[1] === 'object') {
+    options = arguments[1];
+    listener = arguments[2];
+  } else {
+    options = {};
+    listener = arguments[1];
+  }
+
+  if (options.persistent === undefined) options.persistent = true;
+  if (options.recursive === undefined) options.recursive = false;
+
+  watcher = new FSWatcher();
+  watcher.start(filename, options.persistent, options.recursive);
+
+  if (listener) {
+    watcher.addListener('change', listener);
+  }
+
+  return watcher;
+};
+
+
+// Stat Change Watchers
+
+function StatWatcher() {
+  EventEmitter.call(this);
+
+  var self = this;
+  this._handle = new binding.StatWatcher();
+
+  // uv_fs_poll is a little more powerful than ev_stat but we curb it for
+  // the sake of backwards compatibility
+  var oldStatus = -1;
+
+  this._handle.onchange = function(current, previous, newStatus) {
+    if (oldStatus === -1 &&
+        newStatus === -1 &&
+        current.nlink === previous.nlink) return;
+
+    oldStatus = newStatus;
+    self.emit('change', current, previous);
+  };
+
+  this._handle.onstop = function() {
+    self.emit('stop');
+  };
+}
+util.inherits(StatWatcher, EventEmitter);
+
+
+StatWatcher.prototype.start = function(filename, persistent, interval) {
+  nullCheck(filename);
+  this._handle.start(pathModule._makeLong(filename), persistent, interval);
+};
+
+
+StatWatcher.prototype.stop = function() {
+  this._handle.stop();
+};
+
+
+const statWatchers = new Map();
+
+fs.watchFile = function(filename, options, listener) {
+  nullCheck(filename);
+  filename = pathModule.resolve(filename);
+  var stat;
+
+  var defaults = {
+    // Poll interval in milliseconds. 5007 is what libev used to use. It's
+    // a little on the slow side but let's stick with it for now to keep
+    // behavioral changes to a minimum.
+    interval: 5007,
+    persistent: true
+  };
+
+  if (options !== null && typeof options === 'object') {
+    options = util._extend(defaults, options);
+  } else {
+    listener = options;
+    options = defaults;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof listener !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error('watchFile requires a listener function');
+  }
+
+  stat = statWatchers.get(filename);
+
+  if (stat === undefined) {
+    stat = new StatWatcher();
+    stat.start(filename, options.persistent, options.interval);
+    statWatchers.set(filename, stat);
+  }
+
+  stat.addListener('change', listener);
+  return stat;
+};
+
+fs.unwatchFile = function(filename, listener) {
+  nullCheck(filename);
+  filename = pathModule.resolve(filename);
+  var stat = statWatchers.get(filename);
+
+  if (stat === undefined) return;
+
+  if (typeof listener === 'function') {
+    stat.removeListener('change', listener);
+  } else {
+    stat.removeAllListeners('change');
+  }
+
+  if (stat.listenerCount('change') === 0) {
+    stat.stop();
+    statWatchers.delete(filename);
+  }
+};
+
+// Regexp that finds the next partion of a (partial) path
+// result is [base_with_slash, base], e.g. ['somedir/', 'somedir']
+if (isWindows) {
+  var nextPartRe = /(.*?)(?:[\/\\]+|$)/g;
+} else {
+  var nextPartRe = /(.*?)(?:[\/]+|$)/g;
+}
+
+// Regex to find the device root, including trailing slash. E.g. 'c:\\'.
+if (isWindows) {
+  var splitRootRe = /^(?:[a-zA-Z]:|[\\\/]{2}[^\\\/]+[\\\/][^\\\/]+)?[\\\/]*/;
+} else {
+  var splitRootRe = /^[\/]*/;
+}
+
+fs.realpathSync = function realpathSync(p, cache) {
+  // make p is absolute
+  p = pathModule.resolve(p);
+
+  if (cache && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(cache, p)) {
+    return cache[p];
+  }
+
+  var original = p,
+      seenLinks = {},
+      knownHard = {};
+
+  // current character position in p
+  var pos;
+  // the partial path so far, including a trailing slash if any
+  var current;
+  // the partial path without a trailing slash (except when pointing at a root)
+  var base;
+  // the partial path scanned in the previous round, with slash
+  var previous;
+
+  start();
+
+  function start() {
+    // Skip over roots
+    var m = splitRootRe.exec(p);
+    pos = m[0].length;
+    current = m[0];
+    base = m[0];
+    previous = '';
+
+    // On windows, check that the root exists. On unix there is no need.
+    if (isWindows && !knownHard[base]) {
+      fs.lstatSync(base);
+      knownHard[base] = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // walk down the path, swapping out linked pathparts for their real
+  // values
+  // NB: p.length changes.
+  while (pos < p.length) {
+    // find the next part
+    nextPartRe.lastIndex = pos;
+    var result = nextPartRe.exec(p);
+    previous = current;
+    current += result[0];
+    base = previous + result[1];
+    pos = nextPartRe.lastIndex;
+
+    // continue if not a symlink
+    if (knownHard[base] || (cache && cache[base] === base)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    var resolvedLink;
+    if (cache && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(cache, base)) {
+      // some known symbolic link.  no need to stat again.
+      resolvedLink = cache[base];
+    } else {
+      var stat = fs.lstatSync(base);
+      if (!stat.isSymbolicLink()) {
+        knownHard[base] = true;
+        if (cache) cache[base] = base;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // read the link if it wasn't read before
+      // dev/ino always return 0 on windows, so skip the check.
+      var linkTarget = null;
+      if (!isWindows) {
+        var id = stat.dev.toString(32) + ':' + stat.ino.toString(32);
+        if (seenLinks.hasOwnProperty(id)) {
+          linkTarget = seenLinks[id];
+        }
+      }
+      if (linkTarget === null) {
+        fs.statSync(base);
+        linkTarget = fs.readlinkSync(base);
+      }
+      resolvedLink = pathModule.resolve(previous, linkTarget);
+      // track this, if given a cache.
+      if (cache) cache[base] = resolvedLink;
+      if (!isWindows) seenLinks[id] = linkTarget;
+    }
+
+    // resolve the link, then start over
+    p = pathModule.resolve(resolvedLink, p.slice(pos));
+    start();
+  }
+
+  if (cache) cache[original] = p;
+
+  return p;
+};
+
+
+fs.realpath = function realpath(p, cache, cb) {
+  if (typeof cb !== 'function') {
+    cb = maybeCallback(cache);
+    cache = null;
+  }
+
+  // make p is absolute
+  p = pathModule.resolve(p);
+
+  if (cache && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(cache, p)) {
+    return process.nextTick(cb.bind(null, null, cache[p]));
+  }
+
+  var original = p,
+      seenLinks = {},
+      knownHard = {};
+
+  // current character position in p
+  var pos;
+  // the partial path so far, including a trailing slash if any
+  var current;
+  // the partial path without a trailing slash (except when pointing at a root)
+  var base;
+  // the partial path scanned in the previous round, with slash
+  var previous;
+
+  start();
+
+  function start() {
+    // Skip over roots
+    var m = splitRootRe.exec(p);
+    pos = m[0].length;
+    current = m[0];
+    base = m[0];
+    previous = '';
+
+    // On windows, check that the root exists. On unix there is no need.
+    if (isWindows && !knownHard[base]) {
+      fs.lstat(base, function(err) {
+        if (err) return cb(err);
+        knownHard[base] = true;
+        LOOP();
+      });
+    } else {
+      process.nextTick(LOOP);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // walk down the path, swapping out linked pathparts for their real
+  // values
+  function LOOP() {
+    // stop if scanned past end of path
+    if (pos >= p.length) {
+      if (cache) cache[original] = p;
+      return cb(null, p);
+    }
+
+    // find the next part
+    nextPartRe.lastIndex = pos;
+    var result = nextPartRe.exec(p);
+    previous = current;
+    current += result[0];
+    base = previous + result[1];
+    pos = nextPartRe.lastIndex;
+
+    // continue if not a symlink
+    if (knownHard[base] || (cache && cache[base] === base)) {
+      return process.nextTick(LOOP);
+    }
+
+    if (cache && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(cache, base)) {
+      // known symbolic link.  no need to stat again.
+      return gotResolvedLink(cache[base]);
+    }
+
+    return fs.lstat(base, gotStat);
+  }
+
+  function gotStat(err, stat) {
+    if (err) return cb(err);
+
+    // if not a symlink, skip to the next path part
+    if (!stat.isSymbolicLink()) {
+      knownHard[base] = true;
+      if (cache) cache[base] = base;
+      return process.nextTick(LOOP);
+    }
+
+    // stat & read the link if not read before
+    // call gotTarget as soon as the link target is known
+    // dev/ino always return 0 on windows, so skip the check.
+    if (!isWindows) {
+      var id = stat.dev.toString(32) + ':' + stat.ino.toString(32);
+      if (seenLinks.hasOwnProperty(id)) {
+        return gotTarget(null, seenLinks[id], base);
+      }
+    }
+    fs.stat(base, function(err) {
+      if (err) return cb(err);
+
+      fs.readlink(base, function(err, target) {
+        if (!isWindows) seenLinks[id] = target;
+        gotTarget(err, target);
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  function gotTarget(err, target, base) {
+    if (err) return cb(err);
+
+    var resolvedLink = pathModule.resolve(previous, target);
+    if (cache) cache[base] = resolvedLink;
+    gotResolvedLink(resolvedLink);
+  }
+
+  function gotResolvedLink(resolvedLink) {
+    // resolve the link, then start over
+    p = pathModule.resolve(resolvedLink, p.slice(pos));
+    start();
+  }
+};
+
+
+var pool;
+
+function allocNewPool(poolSize) {
+  pool = new Buffer(poolSize);
+  pool.used = 0;
+}
+
+
+fs.createReadStream = function(path, options) {
+  return new ReadStream(path, options);
+};
+
+util.inherits(ReadStream, Readable);
+fs.ReadStream = ReadStream;
+
+function ReadStream(path, options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof ReadStream))
+    return new ReadStream(path, options);
+
+  if (options === undefined)
+    options = {};
+  else if (typeof options === 'string')
+    options = { encoding: options };
+  else if (options === null || typeof options !== 'object')
+    throw new TypeError('options must be a string or an object');
+
+  // a little bit bigger buffer and water marks by default
+  options = Object.create(options);
+  if (options.highWaterMark === undefined)
+    options.highWaterMark = 64 * 1024;
+
+  Readable.call(this, options);
+
+  this.path = path;
+  this.fd = options.fd === undefined ? null : options.fd;
+  this.flags = options.flags === undefined ? 'r' : options.flags;
+  this.mode = options.mode === undefined ? 0o666 : options.mode;
+
+  this.start = options.start;
+  this.end = options.end;
+  this.autoClose = options.autoClose === undefined ? true : options.autoClose;
+  this.pos = undefined;
+
+  if (this.start !== undefined) {
+    if (typeof this.start !== 'number') {
+      throw new TypeError('start must be a Number');
+    }
+    if (this.end === undefined) {
+      this.end = Infinity;
+    } else if (typeof this.end !== 'number') {
+      throw new TypeError('end must be a Number');
+    }
+
+    if (this.start > this.end) {
+      throw new Error('start must be <= end');
+    }
+
+    this.pos = this.start;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof this.fd !== 'number')
+    this.open();
+
+  this.on('end', function() {
+    if (this.autoClose) {
+      this.destroy();
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+fs.FileReadStream = fs.ReadStream; // support the legacy name
+
+ReadStream.prototype.open = function() {
+  var self = this;
+  fs.open(this.path, this.flags, this.mode, function(er, fd) {
+    if (er) {
+      if (self.autoClose) {
+        self.destroy();
+      }
+      self.emit('error', er);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    self.fd = fd;
+    self.emit('open', fd);
+    // start the flow of data.
+    self.read();
+  });
+};
+
+ReadStream.prototype._read = function(n) {
+  if (typeof this.fd !== 'number')
+    return this.once('open', function() {
+      this._read(n);
+    });
+
+  if (this.destroyed)
+    return;
+
+  if (!pool || pool.length - pool.used < kMinPoolSpace) {
+    // discard the old pool.
+    pool = null;
+    allocNewPool(this._readableState.highWaterMark);
+  }
+
+  // Grab another reference to the pool in the case that while we're
+  // in the thread pool another read() finishes up the pool, and
+  // allocates a new one.
+  var thisPool = pool;
+  var toRead = Math.min(pool.length - pool.used, n);
+  var start = pool.used;
+
+  if (this.pos !== undefined)
+    toRead = Math.min(this.end - this.pos + 1, toRead);
+
+  // already read everything we were supposed to read!
+  // treat as EOF.
+  if (toRead <= 0)
+    return this.push(null);
+
+  // the actual read.
+  var self = this;
+  fs.read(this.fd, pool, pool.used, toRead, this.pos, onread);
+
+  // move the pool positions, and internal position for reading.
+  if (this.pos !== undefined)
+    this.pos += toRead;
+  pool.used += toRead;
+
+  function onread(er, bytesRead) {
+    if (er) {
+      if (self.autoClose) {
+        self.destroy();
+      }
+      self.emit('error', er);
+    } else {
+      var b = null;
+      if (bytesRead > 0)
+        b = thisPool.slice(start, start + bytesRead);
+
+      self.push(b);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+
+ReadStream.prototype.destroy = function() {
+  if (this.destroyed)
+    return;
+  this.destroyed = true;
+  this.close();
+};
+
+
+ReadStream.prototype.close = function(cb) {
+  var self = this;
+  if (cb)
+    this.once('close', cb);
+  if (this.closed || typeof this.fd !== 'number') {
+    if (typeof this.fd !== 'number') {
+      this.once('open', close);
+      return;
+    }
+    return process.nextTick(this.emit.bind(this, 'close'));
+  }
+  this.closed = true;
+  close();
+
+  function close(fd) {
+    fs.close(fd || self.fd, function(er) {
+      if (er)
+        self.emit('error', er);
+      else
+        self.emit('close');
+    });
+    self.fd = null;
+  }
+};
+
+
+fs.createWriteStream = function(path, options) {
+  return new WriteStream(path, options);
+};
+
+util.inherits(WriteStream, Writable);
+fs.WriteStream = WriteStream;
+function WriteStream(path, options) {
+  if (!(this instanceof WriteStream))
+    return new WriteStream(path, options);
+
+  if (options === undefined)
+    options = {};
+  else if (typeof options === 'string')
+    options = { encoding: options };
+  else if (options === null || typeof options !== 'object')
+    throw new TypeError('options must be a string or an object');
+
+  options = Object.create(options);
+
+  Writable.call(this, options);
+
+  this.path = path;
+  this.fd = options.fd === undefined ? null : options.fd;
+  this.flags = options.flags === undefined ? 'w' : options.flags;
+  this.mode = options.mode === undefined ? 0o666 : options.mode;
+
+  this.start = options.start;
+  this.pos = undefined;
+  this.bytesWritten = 0;
+
+  if (this.start !== undefined) {
+    if (typeof this.start !== 'number') {
+      throw new TypeError('start must be a Number');
+    }
+    if (this.start < 0) {
+      throw new Error('start must be >= zero');
+    }
+
+    this.pos = this.start;
+  }
+
+  if (options.encoding)
+    this.setDefaultEncoding(options.encoding);
+
+  if (typeof this.fd !== 'number')
+    this.open();
+
+  // dispose on finish.
+  this.once('finish', this.close);
+}
+
+fs.FileWriteStream = fs.WriteStream; // support the legacy name
+
+
+WriteStream.prototype.open = function() {
+  fs.open(this.path, this.flags, this.mode, function(er, fd) {
+    if (er) {
+      this.destroy();
+      this.emit('error', er);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.fd = fd;
+    this.emit('open', fd);
+  }.bind(this));
+};
+
+
+WriteStream.prototype._write = function(data, encoding, cb) {
+  if (!(data instanceof Buffer))
+    return this.emit('error', new Error('Invalid data'));
+
+  if (typeof this.fd !== 'number')
+    return this.once('open', function() {
+      this._write(data, encoding, cb);
+    });
+
+  var self = this;
+  fs.write(this.fd, data, 0, data.length, this.pos, function(er, bytes) {
+    if (er) {
+      self.destroy();
+      return cb(er);
+    }
+    self.bytesWritten += bytes;
+    cb();
+  });
+
+  if (this.pos !== undefined)
+    this.pos += data.length;
+};
+
+
+function writev(fd, chunks, position, callback) {
+  function wrapper(err, written) {
+    // Retain a reference to chunks so that they can't be GC'ed too soon.
+    callback(err, written || 0, chunks);
+  }
+
+  const req = new FSReqWrap();
+  req.oncomplete = wrapper;
+  binding.writeBuffers(fd, chunks, position, req);
+}
+
+
+WriteStream.prototype._writev = function(data, cb) {
+  if (typeof this.fd !== 'number')
+    return this.once('open', function() {
+      this._writev(data, cb);
+    });
+
+  const self = this;
+  const len = data.length;
+  const chunks = new Array(len);
+  var size = 0;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    var chunk = data[i].chunk;
+
+    chunks[i] = chunk;
+    size += chunk.length;
+  }
+
+  writev(this.fd, chunks, this.pos, function(er, bytes) {
+    if (er) {
+      self.destroy();
+      return cb(er);
+    }
+    self.bytesWritten += bytes;
+    cb();
+  });
+
+  if (this.pos !== undefined)
+    this.pos += size;
+};
+
+
+WriteStream.prototype.destroy = ReadStream.prototype.destroy;
+WriteStream.prototype.close = ReadStream.prototype.close;
+
+// There is no shutdown() for files.
+WriteStream.prototype.destroySoon = WriteStream.prototype.end;
+
+
+// SyncWriteStream is internal. DO NOT USE.
+// Temporary hack for process.stdout and process.stderr when piped to files.
+function SyncWriteStream(fd, options) {
+  Stream.call(this);
+
+  options = options || {};
+
+  this.fd = fd;
+  this.writable = true;
+  this.readable = false;
+  this.autoClose = options.autoClose === undefined ? true : options.autoClose;
+}
+
+util.inherits(SyncWriteStream, Stream);
+
+
+// Export
+Object.defineProperty(fs, 'SyncWriteStream', {
+    configurable: true,
+    writable: true,
+    value: SyncWriteStream
+});
+
+SyncWriteStream.prototype.write = function(data, arg1, arg2) {
+  var encoding, cb;
+
+  // parse arguments
+  if (arg1) {
+    if (typeof arg1 === 'string') {
+      encoding = arg1;
+      cb = arg2;
+    } else if (typeof arg1 === 'function') {
+      cb = arg1;
+    } else {
+      throw new Error('bad arg');
+    }
+  }
+  assertEncoding(encoding);
+
+  // Change strings to buffers. SLOW
+  if (typeof data === 'string') {
+    data = new Buffer(data, encoding);
+  }
+
+  fs.writeSync(this.fd, data, 0, data.length);
+
+  if (cb) {
+    process.nextTick(cb);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+};
+
+
+SyncWriteStream.prototype.end = function(data, arg1, arg2) {
+  if (data) {
+    this.write(data, arg1, arg2);
+  }
+  this.destroy();
+};
+
+
+SyncWriteStream.prototype.destroy = function() {
+  if (this.autoClose)
+    fs.closeSync(this.fd);
+  this.fd = null;
+  this.emit('close');
+  return true;
+};
+
+SyncWriteStream.prototype.destroySoon = SyncWriteStream.prototype.destroy;