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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.17">
<meta name="keywords" content="Maven HMIS">
<meta name="author" content="Herramientas y Métodos de Ingeniería del Software">
<title>Maven</title>
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</head>
<body class="book toc2 toc-right doc">
<div id="header">
<h1>Maven</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">Herramientas y Métodos de Ingeniería del Software</span><br>
<span id="revnumber">version 2.0,</span>
<span id="revdate">Marzo-2023</span>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
<div id="toctitle">Tabla de contenidos</div>
<ul class="sectlevel0">
<li><a href="#_prerrequisitos">Prerrequisitos</a>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_configuración_del_utf_8_en_el_ide">Configuración del UTF-8 en el IDE</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_eclipse">Eclipse</a></li>
<li><a href="#_visual_studio_code">Visual Studio Code</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_pasos_a_seguir">Pasos a seguir</a>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_convertir_a_proyecto_maven">1. Convertir a proyecto Maven</a></li>
<li><a href="#_configurar_el_archivo_pom_xml">2. Configurar el archivo <code>pom.xml</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#_añadir_las_dependencias_a_junit5">3. Añadir las dependencias a JUnit5</a></li>
<li><a href="#_lanzar_los_test_desde_maven">4. Lanzar los test desde Maven</a></li>
<li><a href="#_surefire_plugin">5. Surefire plugin</a></li>
<li><a href="#_plugin_de_cobertura">6. Plugin de Cobertura</a></li>
<li><a href="#_verificar_un_valor_mínimo_de_cobertura">7. Verificar un valor mínimo de cobertura</a></li>
<li><a href="#_análisis_estático_de_código">8. Análisis estático de Código</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_site">8.1. Site</a></li>
<li><a href="#_checkstyle">8.2. Checkstyle</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pmd">8.3. PMD</a></li>
<li><a href="#_findbugsspotbugs">8.4. FindBugs/Spotbugs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_documentación_javadoc">9. Documentación JavaDoc</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_diagramas_de_clases">9.1. Diagramas de clases</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_owasp_dependency_check">10. OWASP Dependency Check</a></li>
<li><a href="#_entrega">Entrega</a></li>
<li><a href="#_referencias">Referencias</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Joaquín Cañadas <<a href="mailto:jjcanada@ual.es">jjcanada@ual.es</a>></p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock abstract">
<blockquote>
<a href="https://maven.apache.org/what-is-maven.html">Maven</a> es una herramienta de construcción y gestión de dependencias para proyectos Java. Maven se encarga de la gestión del ciclo de vida del proyecto, incluyendo la compilación, la ejecución de los test, la generación de documentación, el empaquetado y la distribución del software. Además, proporciona un sistema de construcción estandarizado y una estructura de proyecto coherente, lo que hace que sea más fácil para los desarrolladores trabajar en proyectos grandes y complejos. Además, proporciona gestión de dependencias, es decir, permite que un proyecto pueda utilizar librerías de terceros sin tener que preocuparse de cómo se instalan, cómo se actualizan, etc. Pero Maven es mucho más que eso: el objetivo principal de es permitir que un desarrollador comprenda el estado completo de un esfuerzo de desarrollo en el menor tiempo posible. Para lograr este objetivo, Maven se ocupa de varias áreas:
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><em>Facilitar el proceso de construcción</em></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><em>Proporcionar un sistema de construcción uniforme</em></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><em>Proporcionar información de proyectos de calidad</em></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><em>Fomentar mejores prácticas de desarrollo</em></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<div class="title">Objetivos</div>
<p>*
*</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h1 id="_prerrequisitos" class="sect0">Prerrequisitos</h1>
<div class="openblock partintro">
<div class="content">
El guion de esta actividad está actualizado para JUnit 5. Para cada proyecto de la actividad 05 - Pruebas Unitarias en JUnit.
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_configuración_del_utf_8_en_el_ide">Configuración del UTF-8 en el IDE</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_eclipse">Eclipse</h3>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p><span class="image"><img src="images/eclipse_2.png" alt="Eclipse"></span> Si estás usando Eclipse, no olvides configurar Eclipse para que utilice UTF-8 como codificación predeterminada: <em>Window > Preferencies > General > Workspace > Text file encoding > Other > UTF-8</em></p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/eclipse-utf8.png" alt="Eclipse utf8">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_visual_studio_code">Visual Studio Code</h3>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p><span class="image"><img src="images/Visual_Studio_Code_icon.png" alt="VSCode"></span> Si usas VS Code para desarrollar en Java:</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Instala las extensiones Java, Maven, Java Debugger</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Si no configuras el UTF-8 en el IDE, los tests de caracteres con acentos o con eñes fallarán. Configurar UTF-8 en la compilación y depuración con Java: Extensions / Java Debugger</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/vscode-java-utf8.png" alt="vscode-java-utf8">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Esto se traduce en el archivo de <code>settings.json</code> del usuario en:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="json"><span class="w"> </span><span class="nl">"java.debug.settings.vmArgs"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8"</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h1 id="_pasos_a_seguir" class="sect0">Pasos a seguir</h1>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_convertir_a_proyecto_maven">1. Convertir a proyecto Maven</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p><span class="image"><img src="images/eclipse_2.png" alt="Eclipse"></span> Si en la actividad 5 habías partido del proyecto en GitHub, como ualhmis/junitEjercicios o ualhmis/hmis-coches, este paso y los dos siguientes ya están hechos. Simplemente debes comprobar que ya lo habíamos hecho en la actividad 5. Si, por el contrario, tu(s) proyecto(s) de la actividad 5 no están mavenizados, hazlo ahora:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Sobre el proyecto, botón derecho, <em>Configure</em>, <em>Convert to maven project</em></p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/convert-to-maven-project.png" alt="convert-to-maven-project">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Verás que se ha creado un nuevo archivo llamado <code>pom.xml</code> que es el que contiene la configuración de Maven para el proyecto.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p><span class="image"><img src="images/Visual_Studio_Code_icon.png" alt="VSCode"></span> Si usas VS Code para desarrollar en Java, haz lo siguiente:</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Crea un archivo <code>pom.xml</code> en la raíz del proyecto, con el siguiente contenido básico:</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="xml"><span class="nt"><project</span> <span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"</span> <span class="na">xmlns:xsi=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span> <span class="na">xsi:schemaLocation=</span><span class="s">"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><modelVersion></span>4.0.0<span class="nt"></modelVersion></span>
<span class="nt"><groupId></span>hmis-coches<span class="nt"></groupId></span>
<span class="nt"><artifactId></span>hmis-coches<span class="nt"></artifactId></span>
<span class="nt"><version></span>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT<span class="nt"></version></span>
<span class="nt"><build></span>
<span class="nt"><plugins></span>
<span class="nt"><plugin></span>
<span class="nt"><artifactId></span>maven-compiler-plugin<span class="nt"></artifactId></span>
<span class="nt"><version></span>3.11.0<span class="nt"></version></span>
<span class="nt"><configuration></span>
<span class="nt"><release></span>11<span class="nt"></release></span>
<span class="nt"></configuration></span>
<span class="nt"></plugin></span>
<span class="nt"></plugins></span>
<span class="nt"></build></span>
<span class="nt"></project></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>El contenido mínimo del <code>pom.xml</code> es:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>project</code> root</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>modelVersion</code> - debe ser <code>4.0.0</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>groupId</code> - identificador del grupo del proyecto.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>artifactId</code> - identificador de artefacto (proyecto)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>version</code> - version del artefacto bajo el grupo especificado</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Los parámetros <code>groupId</code>, <code>artifactId</code>, y <code>version</code> forma el nombre completo de artefacto del proyecto (project’s fully qualified artifact name). Este nombre tiene la forma <code><groupId>:<artifactId>:<version></code>. En el ejemplo anterior, sería <code>hmis-coches.hmis-coches:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>build</code> - contiene la configuración de construcción del proyecto, y los plugins que se ejecutan durante la misma. En el ejemplo anterior, se configura el plugin <code>maven-compiler-plugin</code> para que compile con <strong>Java 11</strong>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_configurar_el_archivo_pom_xml">2. Configurar el archivo <code>pom.xml</code></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>La estructura predeterminada de un proyecto Maven sigue una convención denominada "Standard Directory Layout" (Estructura de Directorios Estándar), que proporciona una forma coherente de organizar los archivos de un proyecto. Esta estructura se compone de los siguientes directorios y subdirectorios:</p>
</div>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>El directorio <code>src/main/java</code> contiene el código fuente principal del proyecto.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>El directorio <code>src/main/resources</code> contiene los recursos (archivos de configuración, archivos de propiedades, etc.) necesarios para que el proyecto se ejecute.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>El directorio <code>src/test/java</code> contiene los archivos de prueba del proyecto.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>El directorio <code>src/test/resources</code> contiene los recursos necesarios para las pruebas.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>El archivo <code>pom.xml</code> es el archivo de configuración de Maven que describe cómo se debe construir el proyecto, incluyendo las dependencias, plugins y otros detalles.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>El directorio <code>target</code> es donde Maven coloca los resultados de la construcción y el empaquetado del proyecto.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Si tu proyecto Java tiene otra estructura distinta a esta estructura de carpetas predeterminada, puedes modificarla en el archivo <code>pom.xml</code>. Por ejemplo, partiendo de la estructura de proyecto habitual en Eclipse, los fuentes están en la carpeta <code>src</code> y las clases con tests en la carpeta <code>test</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Para empezar, debes configurar el proyecto con <strong>codificación <code>UTF-8</code></strong>, y las carpetas donde están los fuentes y los tests:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="xml"><span class="nt"><properties></span>
<span class="nt"><project.build.sourceEncoding></span>UTF-8<span class="nt"></project.build.sourceEncoding></span>
<span class="nt"><project.reporting.outputEncoding></span>UTF-8<span class="nt"></project.reporting.outputEncoding></span>
<span class="nt"></properties></span>
<span class="nt"><build></span>
<span class="nt"><sourceDirectory></span>src<span class="nt"></sourceDirectory></span>
<span class="nt"><testSourceDirectory></span>test<span class="nt"></testSourceDirectory></span>
...
<span class="nt"></build></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_añadir_las_dependencias_a_junit5">3. Añadir las dependencias a JUnit5</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Maven proporciona gestión de dependencias, es decir, permite que un proyecto pueda utilizar librerías de terceros sin tener que preocuparse de cómo se instalan, cómo se actualizan, etc. A partir de ahora, deberás configurar el archivo <code>pom.xml</code> para que incluya las dependencias necesarias para el proyecto.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Añade las dependencias a JUnit 5 (simplemente comprobar, ya lo habíamos hecho en la actividad 5):</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="xml"> <span class="nt"><dependency></span>
<span class="nt"><groupId></span>org.junit.jupiter<span class="nt"></groupId></span>
<span class="nt"><artifactId></span>junit-jupiter-engine<span class="nt"></artifactId></span>
<span class="nt"><version></span>5.9.2<span class="nt"></version></span> <i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>(1)</b>
<span class="nt"><scope></span>test<span class="nt"></scope></span>
<span class="nt"></dependency></span>
<span class="nt"><dependency></span>
<span class="nt"><groupId></span>org.junit.jupiter<span class="nt"></groupId></span>
<span class="nt"><artifactId></span>junit-jupiter-api<span class="nt"></artifactId></span>
<span class="nt"><version></span>5.9.2<span class="nt"></version></span>
<span class="nt"><scope></span>test<span class="nt"></scope></span>
<span class="nt"></dependency></span>
<span class="nt"><dependency></span>
<span class="nt"><groupId></span>org.junit.jupiter<span class="nt"></groupId></span>
<span class="nt"><artifactId></span>junit-jupiter-params<span class="nt"></artifactId></span>
<span class="nt"><version></span>5.9.2<span class="nt"></version></span>
<span class="nt"><scope></span>test<span class="nt"></scope></span>
<span class="nt"></dependency></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="colist arabic">
<table>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>1</b></td>
<td>La versión de JUnit5 que usamos en el momento de escribir este documento es la <code>5.9.2</code>, pero debes comprobar la última versión en <a href="https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.junit.jupiter/junit-jupiter-api" class="bare">https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.junit.jupiter/junit-jupiter-api</a> y usarla en tu <code>pom.xml</code>, en las tres dependencias de JUnit5.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock warning">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-warning" title="Warning"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p><span class="image"><img src="images/eclipse_2.png" alt="Eclipse"></span> En Eclipse, hay que eliminar JUnit del ClassPath del proyecto</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Si en el proyecto aparecen errores de compilación tras añadir las dependencias a Junit en Maven, se debe <strong>actualizar el proyecto</strong>: sobre el proyecto, botón derecho, <em>Maven, Update Project</em>.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/maven-update-project.png" alt="maven-update-project">