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<title>12</title>
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<div class="mume markdown-preview ">
<h1 class="mume-header" id="%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%80">实验一</h1>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="12-debug-%E8%B0%83%E8%AF%95%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C">(1/2) DEBUG 调试功能及其操作</h2>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E4%B8%80-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C">一. 基础性实验</h3>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="1-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84">1. 实验目的</h4>
<ol>
<li>熟悉 <strong>DEBUG</strong> 的功能,运行并掌握其常用命令.</li>
<li>掌握用 <strong>DEBUG</strong> 调试程序的方法.</li>
</ol>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="2-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9">2. 实验内容</h4>
<p><strong>DEBUG</strong> 的加载及其常用命令 (<code>D</code> <code>E</code> <code>F</code> <code>R</code> <code>G</code> <code>A</code> <code>T</code> <code>U</code> <code>N</code> <code>L</code> <code>W</code> <code>Q</code>) 的使用情况.</p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="3-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E4%BB%AA%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87">3. 实验仪器设备</h4>
<ul>
<li>硬件环境: AMD Ryzen 9.</li>
<li>软件环境: Windows XP Pro SP3 (in VMware Workstation 16 Pro).</li>
<li>调试程序: <code>DEBUG.EXE</code>.</li>
</ul>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="4-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E6%AD%A5%E9%AA%A4">4. 实验步骤</h4>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="1-%E8%BF%9B%E5%85%A5debug%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83">(1) 进入Debug程序环境</h5>
<p>在 VMware Workstation 16 Pro 中使用 Windows XP Pro SP3 镜像(SHA256 <code>39430C2B8DD5C21BBD5AF9116573F8C574AE896CE31D47280914EF268F01E33F</code>)安装虚拟机.<br>
复制相关文件到虚拟机, <code>DEBUG.EXE</code> 可直接双击打开.<br>
<img src="./1/1-1.png" alt><br>
也可使用 <strong>Dosbox</strong> ,相关配置如下.</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="batch" class="language-batch">[sdl]
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<span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-autolock">autolock</span>=true</span>
<span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-sensitivity">sensitivity</span>=<span class="token number">100</span></span>
<span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-waitonerror">waitonerror</span>=true</span>
<span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-priority">priority</span>=higher,normal</span>
<span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-mapperfile">mapperfile</span>=mapper<span class="token number">-0</span>.<span class="token number">74</span>.map</span>
<span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-usescancodes">usescancodes</span>=true</span>
</pre><p>输入程序命令:</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="py" class="language-python"><span class="token operator">-</span>a
mov ax<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1234</span>
mov bx<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1111</span>
add ax<span class="token punctuation">,</span>bx
</pre><h5 class="mume-header" id="2-%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4">(2) 运行程序命令</h5>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="py" class="language-python"><span class="token operator">-</span>t
<span class="token operator">-</span>t
<span class="token operator">-</span>t
<span class="token operator">-</span>t<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span>
<span class="token operator">-</span>t<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span>
</pre><p><img src="./1/1-2.png" alt></p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="py" class="language-python"><span class="token operator">-</span>g<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">108</span>
</pre><p><img src="./1/1-3.png" alt></p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="py" class="language-python"><span class="token operator">-</span>n qwq
<span class="token operator">-</span>r bx
<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">0000</span>
<span class="token operator">-</span>r cx
<span class="token punctuation">:</span>ffff
<span class="token operator">-</span>w
</pre><pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="batch" class="language-batch"><span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-dir">dir</span></span>
</pre><p><img src="./1/1-4.png" alt></p>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="3-%E8%A3%85%E5%85%A5%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4">(3) 装入文件命令</h5>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="py" class="language-python"><span class="token operator">-</span>n qwq
<span class="token operator">-</span>l
</pre><h5 class="mume-header" id="4-%E5%8F%8D%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96">(4) 反汇编</h5>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="py" class="language-python"><span class="token operator">-</span>u
</pre><h5 class="mume-header" id="5-%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA%E5%AD%98%E8%B4%AE%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4">(5) 显示存贮单元命令</h5>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="py" class="language-python"><span class="token operator">-</span>d <span class="token number">100</span> <span class="token number">140</span>
</pre><p><img src="./1/1-5.png" alt><br>
使用 <strong>hexdump</strong> 查看文件<code>QWQ</code>:<br>
<img src="./1/1-6.png" alt></p>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="6-%E5%85%B6%E5%AE%83%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4">(6) 其它命令</h5>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="py" class="language-python"><span class="token operator">-</span>e ds<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">110</span>
<span class="token number">00</span> <span class="token number">01</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token number">33</span> ff ff
<span class="token operator">-</span>f 0adc<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">0120</span> L f <span class="token string">'Qw'</span>
<span class="token operator">-</span>d <span class="token number">100</span> 13f
<span class="token operator">-</span>w
</pre><p><img src="./1/1-7.png" alt><br>
再次使用 <strong>hexdump</strong> 查看文件<code>QWQ</code>:<br>
<img src="./1/1-8.png" alt></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="5-%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83%E9%A2%98">5. 思考题</h4>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="1-debug-%E4%B8%AD-t100-%E4%B8%8E%E5%8D%95%E7%8B%AC%E7%9A%84-t-%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%95%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C-100-%E7%9A%84%E5%90%AB%E4%B9%89%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88-t1003-%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84-3-%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%95%E5%90%AB%E4%B9%89-%E5%BA%94%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8">(1) DEBUG 中 <code>T=100</code> 与单独的 <code>T</code> 指令有何不同? <code>100</code> 的含义是什么? <code>T=100,3</code> 指令中的 <code>3</code> 有何含义? 应如何应用?</h5>
<p><code>T=100</code> 满足 <code>T[=address]</code> 格式,将会从 <code>address</code> (即 <code>CS:0100</code> )单元中的指令开始单步执行; <code>address</code> 缺省值为 <code>CS:IP</code> ,即单独使用 <code>T</code> 将会从 <code>CS:IP</code> 单元中的指令开始单步执行.<br>
<code>100</code> 是指令指针位置.<br>
<code>T=100,3</code> 指令中的 <code>3</code> 表示执行三步.</p>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="2-debug-%E4%B8%AD-g100108-%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84-100108-%E7%9A%84%E5%90%AB%E4%B9%89%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88-%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E-t-%E4%B8%8E-g-%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%82%E5%90%8C">(2) DEBUG 中 <code>G=100,108</code> 命令的 <code>100,108</code> 的含义是什么? 说明 <code>T</code> 与 <code>G</code> 命令的异同.</h5>
<p>在 <code>CS:0108</code> 处设置断点并从 <code>CS:0100</code> 开始执行程序.<br>
<code>T</code> 为单步执行, <code>G</code> 为连续执行.</p>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="3-%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E-d-%E4%B8%8E-u-%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB">(3) 说明 <code>D</code> 与 <code>U</code> 命令的区别.</h5>
<p><code>D</code> 直接以十六进制显示文件内容, <code>U</code> 显示反汇编所得指令.</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E4%BA%8C-%E5%8A%A0%E5%BC%BA%E5%9E%8B%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C">二. 加强型实验</h3>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="1-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84-1">1. 实验目的</h4>
<ol>
<li>利用 <strong>DEBUG</strong> 掌握有关的命令.</li>
<li>利用 <strong>DEBUG</strong> 运行简单的程序段.</li>
</ol>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="2-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9-1">2. 实验内容</h4>
<p>用命令 <code>A</code> 汇编下列程序段,并将程序写到硬盘上,然后调试程序段,观察程序段能否完成指定功能.若不能,说明原因,并修改程序.</p>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="1-%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%8A%E5%90%84%E7%A7%8D%E5%AF%BB%E5%9D%80%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8">(1) 内存操作数及各种寻址方式使用</h5>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="nasm" class="language-nasm">MOV <span class="token register variable">AX</span>,<span class="token number">1000</span>
MOV <span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token number">1200</span><span class="token operator">]</span>,<span class="token register variable">AX</span>
MOV <span class="token register variable">BX</span>,<span class="token number">1202</span>
MOV BYTE PTR<span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token register variable">BX</span><span class="token operator">]</span>,<span class="token number">20</span>
MOV <span class="token register variable">DL</span>,<span class="token number">39</span>
INC <span class="token register variable">BX</span>
MOV <span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token register variable">BX</span><span class="token operator">]</span>,<span class="token register variable">DL</span>
DEC <span class="token register variable">DL</span>
MOV <span class="token register variable">SI</span>,<span class="token number">3</span>
MOV <span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token register variable">BX</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token register variable">SI</span><span class="token operator">]</span>,<span class="token register variable">DL</span>
MOV <span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token register variable">BX</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token register variable">SI</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">]</span>,<span class="token register variable">DL</span>
MOV WORD PTR<span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token register variable">BX</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token register variable">SI</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator">]</span>,<span class="token number">1234</span>
</pre><h5 class="mume-header" id="2-%E5%A4%9A%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F">(2) 多字节加法程序</h5>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="nasm" class="language-nasm"> MOV <span class="token register variable">DI</span>,<span class="token number">1234</span>
MOV <span class="token register variable">CX</span>,<span class="token number">8</span>
MOV <span class="token register variable">SI</span>,<span class="token number">2234</span>
CLC
<span class="token label function">Again:</span> MOV <span class="token register variable">AL</span>,<span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token register variable">SI</span><span class="token operator">]</span>
ADC <span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token register variable">DI</span><span class="token operator">]</span>,<span class="token register variable">AL</span>
INC <span class="token register variable">SI</span>
INC <span class="token register variable">DI</span>
LOOP Again
</pre><h5 class="mume-header" id="3-%E7%A7%BB%E4%BD%8D%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C">(3) 移位操作</h5>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="nasm" class="language-nasm">MOV <span class="token register variable">AL</span>,<span class="token number">06</span>
SHL <span class="token register variable">AL</span>,<span class="token number">1</span>
MOV <span class="token register variable">BL</span>,<span class="token register variable">AL</span>
MOV <span class="token register variable">CL</span>,<span class="token number">2</span>
SHL <span class="token register variable">AL</span>,<span class="token register variable">CL</span>
ADD <span class="token register variable">AL</span>,<span class="token register variable">BL</span>
</pre><h5 class="mume-header" id="4-%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%B2%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8">(4) 数据串移动</h5>
<p>用 <code>A</code> 命令 <code>DB</code> 伪指令在 <code>1000H</code> 键入下列字符串: <code>This's a string.</code>.<br>
用 <code>A</code> 命令键入下列程序:</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="nasm" class="language-nasm"> MOV <span class="token register variable">SI</span>,<span class="token number">1000</span>
MOV <span class="token register variable">DI</span>,<span class="token number">2000</span>
MOV <span class="token register variable">CX</span>,<span class="token number">0FH</span>
<span class="token label function">LOP:</span>MOV <span class="token register variable">AL</span>,<span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token register variable">SI</span><span class="token operator">]</span>
MOV <span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token register variable">DI</span><span class="token operator">]</span>,<span class="token register variable">AL</span>
INC <span class="token register variable">SI</span>
INC <span class="token register variable">DI</span>
LOOP LOP
INT <span class="token number">20</span>
</pre><h4 class="mume-header" id="3-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E4%BB%AA%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87-1">3. 实验仪器设备</h4>
<ul>
<li>硬件环境: AMD Ryzen 9.</li>
<li>软件环境: Windows XP Pro SP3 (in VMware Workstation 16 Pro).</li>
<li>编辑程序: Visual Studio Code 1.62.3.</li>
<li>调试程序: <code>DEBUG.EXE</code>.</li>
</ul>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="4-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E6%AD%A5%E9%AA%A4-1">4. 实验步骤</h4>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="1-%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%8A%E5%90%84%E7%A7%8D%E5%AF%BB%E5%9D%80%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-1">(1) 内存操作数及各种寻址方式使用</h5>
<p>原程序需要将中文标点修改为英文标点.<br>
运行和查看结果:</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="py" class="language-python"><span class="token operator">-</span>a
<span class="token comment"># 程序段</span>
<span class="token operator">-</span>g <span class="token number">120</span>
<span class="token operator">-</span>d <span class="token number">1200</span> 120f
</pre><p>立即寻址、寄存器寻址、直接寻址、寄存器间接寻址、变址寻址、寄<br>
存器相对寻址等寻址方式的样例.<br>
<img src="./1/1-9.png" alt></p>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="2-%E5%A4%9A%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F-1">(2) 多字节加法程序</h5>
<p>修改后程序:</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="nasm" class="language-nasm">MOV <span class="token register variable">DI</span>,<span class="token number">1234</span>
MOV <span class="token register variable">CX</span>,<span class="token number">8</span>
MOV <span class="token register variable">SI</span>,<span class="token number">2234</span>
CLC
MOV <span class="token register variable">AL</span>,<span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token register variable">SI</span><span class="token operator">]</span>
ADC <span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token register variable">DI</span><span class="token operator">]</span>,<span class="token register variable">AL</span>
INC <span class="token register variable">SI</span>
INC <span class="token register variable">DI</span>
LOOP 010A
</pre><p>运行和查看结果:</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="py" class="language-python"><span class="token operator">-</span>a
<span class="token comment"># 程序段</span>
<span class="token operator">-</span>d <span class="token number">1230</span> 123f
<span class="token operator">-</span>d <span class="token number">2230</span> 223f
<span class="token operator">-</span>g <span class="token number">112</span>
<span class="token operator">-</span>d <span class="token number">1230</span> 123f
<span class="token operator">-</span>d <span class="token number">2230</span> 223f
</pre><p>将 <code>DS:1234</code> 处(小端模式)存储的 <strong>64-bit</strong> 整数与 <code>DS:2234</code> 处(小端模式)存储的 <strong>64-bit</strong> 整数相加并存回 <code>DS:1234</code> 处.<br>
<img src="./1/1-10.png" alt><br>
<img src="./1/1-11.png" alt></p>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="3-%E7%A7%BB%E4%BD%8D%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C-1">(3) 移位操作</h5>
<p>原程序不需要修改.<br>
运行和查看结果:</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="py" class="language-python"><span class="token operator">-</span>a
<span class="token comment"># 程序段</span>
<span class="token operator">-</span>g 10C
</pre><p>计算 <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>6</mn><mo><</mo><mo><</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>6</mn><mo><</mo><mo><</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">((6<<1)+(6<<(1+2))).</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">((</span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel"><<</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel"><<</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mclose">)))</span><span class="mord">.</span></span></span></span><br>
<img src="./1/1-12.png" alt></p>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="4-%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%B2%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8-1">(4) 数据串移动</h5>
<p>修改后程序:</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="nasm" class="language-nasm">MOV <span class="token register variable">SI</span>,<span class="token number">1000</span>
MOV <span class="token register variable">DI</span>,<span class="token number">2000</span>
MOV <span class="token register variable">CX</span>,0F
MOV <span class="token register variable">AL</span>,<span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token register variable">SI</span><span class="token operator">]</span>
MOV <span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token register variable">DI</span><span class="token operator">]</span>,<span class="token register variable">AL</span>
INC <span class="token register variable">SI</span>
INC <span class="token register variable">DI</span>
LOOP <span class="token number">109</span>
</pre><p>运行和查看结果:</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="py" class="language-python"><span class="token operator">-</span>a
<span class="token comment"># 程序段</span>
<span class="token operator">-</span>a <span class="token number">1000</span>
db <span class="token string">"This's a string."</span>
<span class="token operator">-</span>g <span class="token number">111</span>
<span class="token operator">-</span>d <span class="token number">2000</span> 201f
</pre><p>将 <code>1000H</code> 处开始的 <code>0x0f</code> 个字节(即字符串 <code>This's a string.</code> )复制至 <code>2000H</code> 处.<br>
<img src="./1/1-13.png" alt></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="5-%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83%E9%A2%98-1">5. 思考题</h4>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="1-%E5%81%87%E8%AE%BE%E6%9F%90%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83%E7%9A%84%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E4%B8%BA-cch-%E8%AF%95%E9%97%AE%E8%AF%A5%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E5%A6%82%E7%9C%8B%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%80%E6%9D%A1%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E6%97%A0%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E6%95%B0%E5%B8%A6%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E6%95%B0%E9%82%A3%E5%B0%86%E5%88%86%E5%88%AB%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88-%E4%B8%8D%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E6%9D%90%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%A8-debug-%E4%B8%8B%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93-cch-%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA%E4%B8%80%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4">(1) 假设某内存单元的内容为 <code>CCH</code>, 试问该内容如看作一条指令/无符号数/带符号数,那将分别表示什么? 不查看教材中的指令系统代码,如何在 DEBUG 下知道 <code>CCH</code> 表示一条什么指令?</h5>
<p>指令: <code>INT 3</code>;<br>
无符号数: <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>204</mn><mo separator="true">;</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">204;</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8388800000000001em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord">204</span><span class="mpunct">;</span></span></span></span><br>
带符号数(8-bit): <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>52.</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">-52.</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.72777em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord">52.</span></span></span></span></p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="py" class="language-python"><span class="token operator">-</span>e <span class="token number">100</span>
cc
<span class="token operator">-</span>u <span class="token number">100</span> <span class="token number">100</span>
</pre><p><img src="./1/1-14.png" alt></p>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="2-%E5%9C%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4-mov-bxax-%E4%B8%AD%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E6%95%B0-bx-%E7%9A%84%E5%AF%BB%E5%9D%80%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%9C%A8-debug-%E4%B8%8B%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%AE%8C%E8%AF%A5%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%90%8E%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C">(2) 在指令 <code>MOV [BX],AX</code> 中,操作数 <code>[BX]</code> 的寻址方式是什么？在 DEBUG 下执行完该指令后,如何查看执行结果?</h5>
<p>寄存器间接寻址.<br>
使用 <code>D</code> 命令查看相应地址数据.</p>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="3-%E5%8F%AF%E5%90%A6%E9%9A%8F%E6%84%8F%E5%9C%A8-debug-%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BA%E7%AC%A6-%E5%90%8E%E4%B8%8D%E5%B8%A6%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%91%E5%87%BA%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4-g-%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5%E4%B8%8B%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4-g-%E6%97%B6%E5%8F%AF%E4%B8%8D%E7%94%A8-%E7%BB%99%E5%87%BA%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E9%A6%96%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80">(3) 可否随意在 DEBUG 提示符 <code>－</code> 后不带参数发出命令 <code>G</code>? 什么情况下使用命令 <code>G</code> 时，可不用 <code>=</code> 给出执行的首地址?</h5>
<p>否.<br>
<code>CS:IP</code> 正确时.</p>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="22%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%BA%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%8A%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8">(2/2)汇编语言上机环境及使用</h2>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E4%B8%80-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C-1">一. 基础性实验</h3>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="1-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84-2">1. 实验目的</h4>
<ol>
<li>掌握汇编语言程序上机过程.</li>
<li>掌握汇编语言结构.</li>
<li>学习汇编语言的伪操作.</li>
<li>了解汇编程序、连接程序、<strong>DOS</strong> 系统装入和返回功能.</li>
<li>掌握用 <strong>DEBUG</strong> 调试汇编语言程序的方法.</li>
</ol>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="2-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9-2">2. 实验内容</h4>
<p>编写完整的汇编语言程序: 从变量 <code>DD1</code> 开始存放 <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">3</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">3</span></span></span></span> 个无符号字节数据,编制一个找出其中最大者存入 <code>DD2</code> 单元的源程序.</p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="3-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E4%BB%AA%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87-2">3. 实验仪器设备</h4>
<ul>
<li>硬件环境: AMD Ryzen 9.</li>
<li>软件环境: Windows XP Pro SP3 (in VMware Workstation 16 Pro).</li>
<li>编辑程序: Visual Studio Code 1.62.3.</li>
<li>调试程序: <code>DEBUG.EXE</code>.</li>
<li>编译程序: <code>MASM.EXE</code>.</li>
<li>连接程序: <code>LINK.EXE</code>.</li>
</ul>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="4-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E6%AD%A5%E9%AA%A4-2">4. 实验步骤</h4>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="1-%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%BA%90%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6">(1) 建立汇编语言程序源文件</h5>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="2-%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97">(2) 汇编文件,形成目标模块</h5>
<p>若文件有语法错误,根据错误提示,返回(1),修改源文件;<br>
若无错,则形成 <code>.OBJ</code> 目标文件和 <code>.LST</code> 列表文件.</p>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="3%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E5%8F%AF%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6">(3)连接目标模块,形成可执行文件</h5>
<p>若有错,根据错误提示,返回(1),修改错误;<br>
若无错,则形成 <code>.EXE</code> 可执行文件和 <code>.MAP</code> 映像文件.</p>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="4%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C">(4)执行</h5>
<p>DOS下直接键入可执行文件名,即可执行该程序.<br>
若运行结果不对,需调试程序,查找原因:</p>
<ol>
<li>返回步骤(1)查看源文件,查找错误,修改文件;</li>
<li>若无法通过查看源文件找出错误,可在 <strong>DEBUG</strong> 下调试 <code>.EXE</code> 文件,找出错误之处,再返回步骤(1)修改源文件.</li>
</ol>
<p>可使用如下脚本快速编译连接运行:</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="batch" class="language-batch"><span class="token operator">@</span><span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-REM">REM</span> code by hyper</span>
<span class="token operator">@</span><span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-REM">REM</span> edit by userElaina</span>
<span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-set">set</span> <span class="token parameter attr-name">/p</span> <span class="token variable">file</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Enter file name: "</span></span>
<span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-set">set</span> <span class="token variable">CC</span><span class="token operator">=</span>masm.exe</span>
<span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-set">set</span> <span class="token variable">LD</span><span class="token operator">=</span>link.exe</span>
<span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-echo">echo</span> _compile_</span>
%CC% %file%.asm
<span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-echo">echo</span> _link_</span>
%LD% %file%.obj
<span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-echo">echo</span> _execute_</span>
%file%.exe
<span class="token command"><span class="token keyword keyword-pause">pause</span></span>
</pre><h4 class="mume-header" id="5-%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83%E9%A2%98-2">5. 思考题</h4>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="1-%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%AD%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5-end-%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E5%8F%B7%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88">(1) 汇编语言程序中语句 <code>END</code> 后的标号作用是什么?</h5>
<p>程序结束.</p>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="2-%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%AE%B5%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%BA%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%91-%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E6%98%AF-64kb-%E5%90%97-%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%A8-debug-%E4%B8%8B%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%9C%A8%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%98%E6%94%BE%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5">(2) 一个段的大小为多少? 一定是 64KB 吗? 如何在 DEBUG 下查看程序在内存的存放情况?</h5>
<p>一个段的大小通常为 <strong>64KB</strong>.<br>
不一定.<br>
使用 <code>D</code> 命令查看.</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E4%BA%8C-%E5%8A%A0%E5%BC%BA%E5%9E%8B%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C-1">二. 加强型实验</h3>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="1-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84-3">1. 实验目的</h4>
<ol>
<li>进一步熟悉 <strong>DEBUG</strong> 的使用方法.</li>
<li>掌握汇编语言程序的编辑/汇编/连接以及调试过程.</li>
</ol>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="2-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9-3">2. 实验内容</h4>
<p>试编写一个汇编语言程序,要求对键盘输入的小写字母用大写字母显示出来.</p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="3-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E4%BB%AA%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87-3">3. 实验仪器设备</h4>
<ul>
<li>硬件环境: AMD Ryzen 9.</li>
<li>软件环境: Windows XP Pro SP3 (in VMware Workstation 16 Pro).</li>
<li>编辑程序: Visual Studio Code 1.62.3.</li>
<li>调试程序: <code>DEBUG.EXE</code>.</li>
<li>编译程序: <code>MASM.EXE</code>.</li>
<li>连接程序: <code>LINK.EXE</code>.</li>
</ul>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="4-%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E6%AD%A5%E9%AA%A4-3">4. 实验步骤</h4>
<ol>
<li>编译和连接.</li>
<li>用 <code>TYPE</code> 命令显示(1)产生的 <code>.LST</code> 文件.<br>
<img src="./2/2-1.png" alt></li>
<li>运行.</li>
<li>键入大量字符.</li>
<li>按 <code>ESC</code> 退出.</li>
</ol>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="5-%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83%E9%A2%98-3">5. 思考题</h4>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="1-%E8%8B%A5%E5%9C%A8%E6%BA%90%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%AD%E6%8A%8A-int-21h-%E7%9A%84-h-%E7%9C%81%E5%8E%BB%E4%BC%9A%E4%BA%A7%E7%94%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1">(1) 若在源程序中把 <code>INT 21H</code> 的 <code>H</code> 省去,会产生什么现象?</h5>
<p>正常编译连接,运行后无反应,一段时间后弹出错误.<br>
<img src="./2/2-2.png" alt></p>
<h5 class="mume-header" id="2-%E6%8A%8A-int-21h-4ch%E5%8F%B7%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%94%B9%E4%B8%BA-int-20h-%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%8D%E8%A1%8C">(2) 把 <code>INT 21H</code> <code>4CH</code>号功能改为 <code>INT 20H</code>, 行不行?</h5>
<p>不行.<br>
正常编译连接,运行后显示功能正常,但按 <code>ESC</code> 无法回到DOS,同时光标在界面内快速跳跃闪动,CPU消耗大幅度增加.<br>
若直接双击运行,则按 <code>ESC</code> 时直接退出.</p>
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