diff --git a/packages/next/src/build/index.ts b/packages/next/src/build/index.ts
index 888a8f65e4a44..d27fb1a184622 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/build/index.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/build/index.ts
@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@ import { formatManifest } from './manifests/formatter/format-manifest'
 import { getStartServerInfo, logStartInfo } from '../server/lib/app-info-log'
 import type { NextEnabledDirectories } from '../server/base-server'
 import { hasCustomExportOutput } from '../export/utils'
+import { interopDefault } from '../lib/interop-default'
 
 interface ExperimentalBypassForInfo {
   experimentalBypassFor?: RouteHas[]
@@ -1334,10 +1335,13 @@ export default async function build(
       if (config.experimental.staticWorkerRequestDeduping) {
         let CacheHandler
         if (incrementalCacheHandlerPath) {
-          CacheHandler = require(path.isAbsolute(incrementalCacheHandlerPath)
-            ? incrementalCacheHandlerPath
-            : path.join(dir, incrementalCacheHandlerPath))
-          CacheHandler = CacheHandler.default || CacheHandler
+          CacheHandler = interopDefault(
+            await import(
+              path.isAbsolute(incrementalCacheHandlerPath)
+                ? incrementalCacheHandlerPath
+                : path.join(dir, incrementalCacheHandlerPath)
+            )
+          )
         }
 
         const cacheInitialization = await initializeIncrementalCache({
diff --git a/packages/next/src/build/utils.ts b/packages/next/src/build/utils.ts
index 928d658667839..819c3acf86ce5 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/build/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/build/utils.ts
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ import { normalizeAppPath } from '../shared/lib/router/utils/app-paths'
 import { denormalizeAppPagePath } from '../shared/lib/page-path/denormalize-app-path'
 import { RouteKind } from '../server/future/route-kind'
 import { isAppRouteRouteModule } from '../server/future/route-modules/checks'
+import { interopDefault } from '../lib/interop-default'
 import type { PageExtensions } from './page-extensions-type'
 
 export type ROUTER_TYPE = 'pages' | 'app'
@@ -1308,10 +1309,13 @@ export async function buildAppStaticPaths({
   let CacheHandler: any
 
   if (incrementalCacheHandlerPath) {
-    CacheHandler = require(path.isAbsolute(incrementalCacheHandlerPath)
-      ? incrementalCacheHandlerPath
-      : path.join(dir, incrementalCacheHandlerPath))
-    CacheHandler = CacheHandler.default || CacheHandler
+    CacheHandler = interopDefault(
+      await import(
+        path.isAbsolute(incrementalCacheHandlerPath)
+          ? incrementalCacheHandlerPath
+          : path.join(dir, incrementalCacheHandlerPath)
+      )
+    )
   }
 
   const incrementalCache = new IncrementalCache({
diff --git a/packages/next/src/export/helpers/create-incremental-cache.ts b/packages/next/src/export/helpers/create-incremental-cache.ts
index 8228005f4a3bc..075c805a89256 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/export/helpers/create-incremental-cache.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/export/helpers/create-incremental-cache.ts
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ import path from 'path'
 import { IncrementalCache } from '../../server/lib/incremental-cache'
 import { hasNextSupport } from '../../telemetry/ci-info'
 import { nodeFs } from '../../server/lib/node-fs-methods'
+import { interopDefault } from '../../lib/interop-default'
 
-export function createIncrementalCache({
+export async function createIncrementalCache({
   incrementalCacheHandlerPath,
   isrMemoryCacheSize,
   fetchCacheKeyPrefix,
@@ -27,10 +28,15 @@ export function createIncrementalCache({
   // Custom cache handler overrides.
   let CacheHandler: any
   if (incrementalCacheHandlerPath) {
-    CacheHandler = require(path.isAbsolute(incrementalCacheHandlerPath)
-      ? incrementalCacheHandlerPath
-      : path.join(dir, incrementalCacheHandlerPath))
-    CacheHandler = CacheHandler.default || CacheHandler
+    CacheHandler = interopDefault(
+      (
+        await import(
+          path.isAbsolute(incrementalCacheHandlerPath)
+            ? incrementalCacheHandlerPath
+            : path.join(dir, incrementalCacheHandlerPath)
+        )
+      ).default
+    )
   }
 
   const incrementalCache = new IncrementalCache({
diff --git a/packages/next/src/export/worker.ts b/packages/next/src/export/worker.ts
index b503846f5055c..5d2fd08578c95 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/export/worker.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/export/worker.ts
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ async function exportPageImpl(
     // cache instance for this page.
     const incrementalCache =
       isAppDir && fetchCache
-        ? createIncrementalCache({
+        ? await createIncrementalCache({
             incrementalCacheHandlerPath,
             isrMemoryCacheSize,
             fetchCacheKeyPrefix,
diff --git a/packages/next/src/server/base-server.ts b/packages/next/src/server/base-server.ts
index b1ddcca4f6425..7a2ec83cc4431 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/server/base-server.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/server/base-server.ts
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ export default abstract class Server<ServerOptions extends Options = Options> {
   protected abstract getIncrementalCache(options: {
     requestHeaders: Record<string, undefined | string | string[]>
     requestProtocol: 'http' | 'https'
-  }): import('./lib/incremental-cache').IncrementalCache
+  }): Promise<import('./lib/incremental-cache').IncrementalCache>
 
   protected abstract getResponseCache(options: {
     dev: boolean
@@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ export default abstract class Server<ServerOptions extends Options = Options> {
           protocol = parsedFullUrl.protocol as 'https:' | 'http:'
         } catch {}
 
-        const incrementalCache = this.getIncrementalCache({
+        const incrementalCache = await this.getIncrementalCache({
           requestHeaders: Object.assign({}, req.headers),
           requestProtocol: protocol.substring(0, protocol.length - 1) as
             | 'http'
@@ -2127,12 +2127,12 @@ export default abstract class Server<ServerOptions extends Options = Options> {
     // use existing incrementalCache instance if available
     const incrementalCache =
       (globalThis as any).__incrementalCache ||
-      this.getIncrementalCache({
+      (await this.getIncrementalCache({
         requestHeaders: Object.assign({}, req.headers),
         requestProtocol: protocol.substring(0, protocol.length - 1) as
           | 'http'
           | 'https',
-      })
+      }))
 
     const { routeModule } = components
 
diff --git a/packages/next/src/server/next-server.ts b/packages/next/src/server/next-server.ts
index c02af8fd254eb..f8c6e2b9c9b9b 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/server/next-server.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/server/next-server.ts
@@ -100,11 +100,18 @@ import { RouteModuleLoader } from './future/helpers/module-loader/route-module-l
 import { loadManifest } from './load-manifest'
 import { lazyRenderAppPage } from './future/route-modules/app-page/module.render'
 import { lazyRenderPagesPage } from './future/route-modules/pages/module.render'
+import { interopDefault } from '../lib/interop-default'
 
 export * from './base-server'
 
 declare const __non_webpack_require__: NodeRequire
 
+// For module that can be both CJS or ESM
+const dynamicImportEsmDefault = process.env.NEXT_MINIMAL
+  ? __non_webpack_require__
+  : async (mod: string) => (await import(mod)).default
+
+// For module that will be compiled to CJS, e.g. instrument
 const dynamicRequire = process.env.NEXT_MINIMAL
   ? __non_webpack_require__
   : require
@@ -289,7 +296,7 @@ export default class NextNodeServer extends BaseServer {
     )
   }
 
-  protected getIncrementalCache({
+  protected async getIncrementalCache({
     requestHeaders,
     requestProtocol,
   }: {
@@ -301,12 +308,13 @@ export default class NextNodeServer extends BaseServer {
     const { incrementalCacheHandlerPath } = this.nextConfig.experimental
 
     if (incrementalCacheHandlerPath) {
-      CacheHandler = dynamicRequire(
-        isAbsolute(incrementalCacheHandlerPath)
-          ? incrementalCacheHandlerPath
-          : join(this.distDir, incrementalCacheHandlerPath)
+      CacheHandler = interopDefault(
+        await dynamicImportEsmDefault(
+          isAbsolute(incrementalCacheHandlerPath)
+            ? incrementalCacheHandlerPath
+            : join(this.distDir, incrementalCacheHandlerPath)
+        )
       )
-      CacheHandler = CacheHandler.default || CacheHandler
     }
 
     // incremental-cache is request specific
diff --git a/packages/next/src/server/web-server.ts b/packages/next/src/server/web-server.ts
index 902943e66abf5..fd06379379012 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/server/web-server.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/server/web-server.ts
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ export default class NextWebServer extends BaseServer<WebServerOptions> {
     Object.assign(this.renderOpts, options.webServerConfig.extendRenderOpts)
   }
 
-  protected getIncrementalCache({
+  protected async getIncrementalCache({
     requestHeaders,
   }: {
     requestHeaders: IncrementalCache['requestHeaders']
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/app/layout.js b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/app/layout.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8525f5f8c0b2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/app/layout.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+export const metadata = {
+  title: 'Next.js',
+  description: 'Generated by Next.js',
+}
+
+export default function RootLayout({ children }) {
+  return (
+    <html lang="en">
+      <body>{children}</body>
+    </html>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/app/page.js b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/app/page.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e3bbe6995c282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/app/page.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+export default async function Page() {
+  const data = await fetch(
+    'https://next-data-api-endpoint.vercel.app/api/random?page'
+  ).then((res) => res.text())
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <p id="page-data">{data}</p>
+      <p id="now">{Date.now()}</p>
+    </>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/cache-handler-cjs-default-export.js b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/cache-handler-cjs-default-export.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ce601fad4d2f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/cache-handler-cjs-default-export.js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true })
+
+const cache = new Map()
+
+const CacheHandler = /** @class */ (function () {
+  function CacheHandler(options) {
+    this.options = options
+    this.cache = cache
+    console.log('initialized custom cache-handler')
+    console.log('cache handler - cjs default export')
+  }
+  CacheHandler.prototype.get = function (key) {
+    console.log('cache-handler get', key)
+    return Promise.resolve(this.cache.get(key))
+  }
+  CacheHandler.prototype.set = function (key, data) {
+    console.log('cache-handler set', key)
+    this.cache.set(key, {
+      value: data,
+      lastModified: Date.now(),
+    })
+    return Promise.resolve(undefined)
+  }
+  return CacheHandler
+})()
+
+exports.default = CacheHandler
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/cache-handler-esm.js b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/cache-handler-esm.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..216ab27fd2850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/cache-handler-esm.js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+const cache = new Map()
+
+class CacheHandler {
+  constructor(options) {
+    this.options = options
+    this.cache = {}
+    console.log('initialized custom cache-handler')
+    console.log('cache handler - esm default export')
+  }
+
+  async get(key) {
+    console.log('key', key)
+    console.log('cache-handler get', key)
+    return cache.get(key)
+  }
+
+  async set(key, data) {
+    console.log('set key', key)
+    console.log('cache-handler set', key)
+    cache.set(key, {
+      value: data,
+      lastModified: Date.now(),
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+export default CacheHandler
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/cache-handler.js b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/cache-handler.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5e1bf3639036c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/cache-handler.js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+const cache = new Map()
+
+class CacheHandler {
+  constructor(options) {
+    this.options = options
+    this.cache = {}
+    console.log('initialized custom cache-handler')
+    console.log('cache handler - cjs module exports')
+  }
+
+  async get(key) {
+    console.log('key', key)
+    console.log('cache-handler get', key)
+    return cache.get(key)
+  }
+
+  async set(key, data) {
+    console.log('set key', key)
+    console.log('cache-handler set', key)
+    cache.set(key, {
+      value: data,
+      lastModified: Date.now(),
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = CacheHandler
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/index.test.ts b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/index.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..80cfa8c15b80d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/index.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import { type NextInstance, createNextDescribe, FileRef } from 'e2e-utils'
+import { check } from 'next-test-utils'
+import fs from 'fs'
+
+const originalNextConfig = fs.readFileSync(
+  __dirname + '/next.config.js',
+  'utf8'
+)
+
+function runTests(
+  exportType: string,
+  { next, isNextDev }: { next: NextInstance; isNextDev: boolean }
+) {
+  describe(exportType, () => {
+    it('should have logs from cache-handler', async () => {
+      if (isNextDev) {
+        await next.fetch('/')
+      }
+      await check(() => {
+        expect(next.cliOutput).toContain('cache handler - ' + exportType)
+        expect(next.cliOutput).toContain('initialized custom cache-handler')
+        expect(next.cliOutput).toContain('cache-handler get')
+        expect(next.cliOutput).toContain('cache-handler set')
+        return 'success'
+      }, 'success')
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+createNextDescribe(
+  'app-dir - custom-cache-handler - cjs',
+  {
+    files: __dirname,
+    skipDeployment: true,
+    env: {
+      CUSTOM_CACHE_HANDLER: 'cache-handler.js',
+    },
+  },
+  ({ next, isNextDev }) => {
+    runTests('cjs module exports', { next, isNextDev })
+  }
+)
+
+createNextDescribe(
+  'app-dir - custom-cache-handler - cjs-default-export',
+  {
+    files: __dirname,
+    skipDeployment: true,
+    env: {
+      CUSTOM_CACHE_HANDLER: 'cache-handler-cjs-default-export.js',
+    },
+  },
+  ({ next, isNextDev }) => {
+    runTests('cjs default export', { next, isNextDev })
+  }
+)
+
+createNextDescribe(
+  'app-dir - custom-cache-handler - esm',
+  {
+    files: {
+      app: new FileRef(__dirname + '/app'),
+      'cache-handler-esm.js': new FileRef(__dirname + '/cache-handler-esm.js'),
+      'next.config.js': originalNextConfig.replace(
+        'module.exports = ',
+        'export default '
+      ),
+    },
+    skipDeployment: true,
+    packageJson: {
+      type: 'module',
+    },
+    env: {
+      CUSTOM_CACHE_HANDLER: 'cache-handler-esm.js',
+    },
+  },
+  ({ next, isNextDev }) => {
+    runTests('esm default export', { next, isNextDev })
+  }
+)
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/next.config.js b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/next.config.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..16c82f0775544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-custom-cache-handler/next.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+module.exports = {
+  experimental: {
+    incrementalCacheHandlerPath:
+      process.cwd() + '/' + process.env.CUSTOM_CACHE_HANDLER,
+  },
+}
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/app-static/app-static-custom-cache-handler-esm.test.ts b/test/e2e/app-dir/app-static/app-static-custom-cache-handler-esm.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 105629f57ec03..0000000000000
--- a/test/e2e/app-dir/app-static/app-static-custom-cache-handler-esm.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-import { createNextDescribe } from 'e2e-utils'
-import { join } from 'path'
-
-createNextDescribe(
-  'app-static-custom-cache-handler-esm',
-  {
-    files: __dirname,
-    env: {
-      CUSTOM_CACHE_HANDLER: join(
-        __dirname,
-        './cache-handler-default-export.js'
-      ),
-    },
-  },
-  ({ next, isNextStart }) => {
-    if (!isNextStart) {
-      it('should skip', () => {})
-      return
-    }
-
-    it('should have logs from cache-handler', async () => {
-      expect(next.cliOutput).toContain('initialized custom cache-handler')
-      expect(next.cliOutput).toContain('cache-handler get')
-      expect(next.cliOutput).toContain('cache-handler set')
-    })
-  }
-)
diff --git a/test/lib/next-modes/base.ts b/test/lib/next-modes/base.ts
index 348624e818cf3..ed106ddb07035 100644
--- a/test/lib/next-modes/base.ts
+++ b/test/lib/next-modes/base.ts
@@ -233,11 +233,13 @@ export class NextInstance {
           ((global as any).isNextDeploy && !nextConfigFile)
         ) {
           const functions = []
-
+          const exportDeclare =
+            this.packageJson?.type === 'module'
+              ? 'export default'
+              : 'module.exports = '
           await fs.writeFile(
             path.join(this.testDir, 'next.config.js'),
-            `
-        module.exports = ` +
+            exportDeclare +
               JSON.stringify(
                 {
                   ...this.nextConfig,