diff --git a/packages/next/src/build/webpack/plugins/define-env-plugin.ts b/packages/next/src/build/webpack/plugins/define-env-plugin.ts
index 91104db5aa6da..9d34c494bdc62 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/build/webpack/plugins/define-env-plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/build/webpack/plugins/define-env-plugin.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-import type { NextConfigComplete } from '../../../server/config-shared'
+import type {
+  I18NDomains,
+  NextConfigComplete,
+} from '../../../server/config-shared'
 import type { MiddlewareMatcher } from '../../analysis/get-page-static-info'
 import { webpack } from 'next/dist/compiled/webpack/webpack'
 import { needsExperimentalReact } from '../../../lib/needs-experimental-react'
@@ -14,16 +17,16 @@ function errorIfEnvConflicted(config: NextConfigComplete, key: string) {
   }
 }
 
+type BloomFilter = ReturnType<
+  import('../../../shared/lib/bloom-filter').BloomFilter['export']
+>
+
 export interface DefineEnvPluginOptions {
   isTurbopack: boolean
   allowedRevalidateHeaderKeys: string[] | undefined
   clientRouterFilters?: {
-    staticFilter: ReturnType<
-      import('../../../shared/lib/bloom-filter').BloomFilter['export']
-    >
-    dynamicFilter: ReturnType<
-      import('../../../shared/lib/bloom-filter').BloomFilter['export']
-    >
+    staticFilter: BloomFilter
+    dynamicFilter: BloomFilter
   }
   config: NextConfigComplete
   dev: boolean
@@ -38,6 +41,92 @@ export interface DefineEnvPluginOptions {
   previewModeId: string | undefined
 }
 
+interface DefineEnv {
+  [key: string]:
+    | string
+    | string[]
+    | boolean
+    | undefined
+    | MiddlewareMatcher[]
+    | BloomFilter
+    | Partial<NextConfigComplete['images']>
+    | I18NDomains
+}
+
+interface SerializedDefineEnv {
+  [key: string]: string
+}
+
+/**
+ * Collects all environment variables that are using the `NEXT_PUBLIC_` prefix.
+ */
+function getNextPublicEnvironmentVariables(): DefineEnv {
+  const defineEnv: DefineEnv = {}
+  for (const key in process.env) {
+    if (key.startsWith('NEXT_PUBLIC_')) {
+      const value = process.env[key]
+      if (value) {
+        defineEnv[`process.env.${key}`] = value
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return defineEnv
+}
+
+/**
+ * Collects the `env` config value from the Next.js config.
+ */
+function getNextConfigEnv(config: NextConfigComplete): DefineEnv {
+  // Refactored code below to use for-of
+  const defineEnv: DefineEnv = {}
+  const env = config.env
+  for (const key in env) {
+    const value = env[key]
+    if (value) {
+      errorIfEnvConflicted(config, key)
+      defineEnv[`process.env.${key}`] = value
+    }
+  }
+  return defineEnv
+}
+
+/**
+ * Serializes the DefineEnv config so that it can be inserted into the code by Webpack/Turbopack, JSON stringifies each value.
+ */
+function serializeDefineEnv(defineEnv: DefineEnv): SerializedDefineEnv {
+  const defineEnvStringified: SerializedDefineEnv = {}
+  for (const key in defineEnv) {
+    const value = defineEnv[key]
+    defineEnvStringified[key] = JSON.stringify(value)
+  }
+
+  return defineEnvStringified
+}
+
+function getImageConfig(
+  config: NextConfigComplete,
+  dev: boolean
+): { 'process.env.__NEXT_IMAGE_OPTS': Partial<NextConfigComplete['images']> } {
+  return {
+    'process.env.__NEXT_IMAGE_OPTS': {
+      deviceSizes: config.images.deviceSizes,
+      imageSizes: config.images.imageSizes,
+      path: config.images.path,
+      loader: config.images.loader,
+      dangerouslyAllowSVG: config.images.dangerouslyAllowSVG,
+      unoptimized: config?.images?.unoptimized,
+      ...(dev
+        ? {
+            // pass domains in development to allow validating on the client
+            domains: config.images.domains,
+            remotePatterns: config.images?.remotePatterns,
+            output: config.output,
+          }
+        : {}),
+    },
+  }
+}
+
 export function getDefineEnv({
   isTurbopack,
   allowedRevalidateHeaderKeys,
@@ -53,180 +142,117 @@ export function getDefineEnv({
   isNodeServer,
   middlewareMatchers,
   previewModeId,
-}: DefineEnvPluginOptions) {
-  return {
+}: DefineEnvPluginOptions): SerializedDefineEnv {
+  const defineEnv: DefineEnv = {
     // internal field to identify the plugin config
-    __NEXT_DEFINE_ENV: 'true',
+    __NEXT_DEFINE_ENV: true,
 
-    ...Object.keys(process.env).reduce(
-      (prev: { [key: string]: string }, key: string) => {
-        if (key.startsWith('NEXT_PUBLIC_')) {
-          prev[`process.env.${key}`] = JSON.stringify(process.env[key]!)
-        }
-        return prev
-      },
-      {}
-    ),
-    ...Object.keys(config.env).reduce((acc, key) => {
-      errorIfEnvConflicted(config, key)
-
-      return {
-        ...acc,
-        [`process.env.${key}`]: JSON.stringify(config.env[key]),
-      }
-    }, {}),
+    ...getNextPublicEnvironmentVariables(),
+    ...getNextConfigEnv(config),
     ...(!isEdgeServer
       ? {}
       : {
-          EdgeRuntime: JSON.stringify(
+          EdgeRuntime:
             /**
              * Cloud providers can set this environment variable to allow users
              * and library authors to have different implementations based on
              * the runtime they are running with, if it's not using `edge-runtime`
              */
-            process.env.NEXT_EDGE_RUNTIME_PROVIDER || 'edge-runtime'
-          ),
+            process.env.NEXT_EDGE_RUNTIME_PROVIDER || 'edge-runtime',
         }),
-    'process.turbopack': JSON.stringify(isTurbopack),
-    'process.env.TURBOPACK': JSON.stringify(isTurbopack),
+    'process.turbopack': isTurbopack,
+    'process.env.TURBOPACK': isTurbopack,
     // TODO: enforce `NODE_ENV` on `process.env`, and add a test:
-    'process.env.NODE_ENV': JSON.stringify(dev ? 'development' : 'production'),
-    'process.env.NEXT_RUNTIME': JSON.stringify(
-      isEdgeServer ? 'edge' : isNodeServer ? 'nodejs' : ''
-    ),
-    'process.env.NEXT_MINIMAL': JSON.stringify(''),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_PPR': JSON.stringify(config.experimental.ppr === true),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_ACTIONS_DEPLOYMENT_ID': JSON.stringify(
-      config.experimental.useDeploymentIdServerActions
-    ),
-    'process.env.NEXT_DEPLOYMENT_ID': JSON.stringify(
-      config.experimental.deploymentId || false
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_FETCH_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX':
-      JSON.stringify(fetchCacheKeyPrefix),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_PREVIEW_MODE_ID': JSON.stringify(previewModeId),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_ALLOWED_REVALIDATE_HEADERS': JSON.stringify(
-      allowedRevalidateHeaderKeys
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_MIDDLEWARE_MATCHERS': JSON.stringify(
-      middlewareMatchers || []
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_MANUAL_CLIENT_BASE_PATH': JSON.stringify(
-      config.experimental.manualClientBasePath
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_CLIENT_ROUTER_FILTER_ENABLED': JSON.stringify(
-      config.experimental.clientRouterFilter
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_CLIENT_ROUTER_S_FILTER': JSON.stringify(
-      clientRouterFilters?.staticFilter
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_CLIENT_ROUTER_D_FILTER': JSON.stringify(
-      clientRouterFilters?.dynamicFilter
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_OPTIMISTIC_CLIENT_CACHE': JSON.stringify(
-      config.experimental.optimisticClientCache
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_MIDDLEWARE_PREFETCH': JSON.stringify(
-      config.experimental.middlewarePrefetch
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_CROSS_ORIGIN': JSON.stringify(config.crossOrigin),
-    'process.browser': JSON.stringify(isClient),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_TEST_MODE': JSON.stringify(
-      process.env.__NEXT_TEST_MODE
-    ),
+    'process.env.NODE_ENV': dev ? 'development' : 'production',
+    'process.env.NEXT_RUNTIME': isEdgeServer
+      ? 'edge'
+      : isNodeServer
+      ? 'nodejs'
+      : '',
+    'process.env.NEXT_MINIMAL': '',
+    'process.env.__NEXT_PPR': config.experimental.ppr === true,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_ACTIONS_DEPLOYMENT_ID':
+      config.experimental.useDeploymentIdServerActions,
+    'process.env.NEXT_DEPLOYMENT_ID': config.experimental.deploymentId || false,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_FETCH_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX': fetchCacheKeyPrefix,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_PREVIEW_MODE_ID': previewModeId,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_ALLOWED_REVALIDATE_HEADERS':
+      allowedRevalidateHeaderKeys,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_MIDDLEWARE_MATCHERS': middlewareMatchers || [],
+    'process.env.__NEXT_MANUAL_CLIENT_BASE_PATH':
+      config.experimental.manualClientBasePath,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_CLIENT_ROUTER_FILTER_ENABLED':
+      config.experimental.clientRouterFilter,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_CLIENT_ROUTER_S_FILTER':
+      clientRouterFilters?.staticFilter,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_CLIENT_ROUTER_D_FILTER':
+      clientRouterFilters?.dynamicFilter,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_OPTIMISTIC_CLIENT_CACHE':
+      config.experimental.optimisticClientCache,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_MIDDLEWARE_PREFETCH':
+      config.experimental.middlewarePrefetch,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_CROSS_ORIGIN': config.crossOrigin,
+    'process.browser': isClient,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_TEST_MODE': process.env.__NEXT_TEST_MODE,
     // This is used in client/dev-error-overlay/hot-dev-client.js to replace the dist directory
     ...(dev && (isClient || isEdgeServer)
       ? {
-          'process.env.__NEXT_DIST_DIR': JSON.stringify(distDir),
+          'process.env.__NEXT_DIST_DIR': distDir,
         }
       : {}),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_TRAILING_SLASH': JSON.stringify(config.trailingSlash),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_BUILD_INDICATOR': JSON.stringify(
-      config.devIndicators.buildActivity
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_BUILD_INDICATOR_POSITION': JSON.stringify(
-      config.devIndicators.buildActivityPosition
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_STRICT_MODE': JSON.stringify(
-      config.reactStrictMode === null ? false : config.reactStrictMode
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_STRICT_MODE_APP': JSON.stringify(
+    'process.env.__NEXT_TRAILING_SLASH': config.trailingSlash,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_BUILD_INDICATOR': config.devIndicators.buildActivity,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_BUILD_INDICATOR_POSITION':
+      config.devIndicators.buildActivityPosition,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_STRICT_MODE':
+      config.reactStrictMode === null ? false : config.reactStrictMode,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_STRICT_MODE_APP':
       // When next.config.js does not have reactStrictMode it's enabled by default.
-      config.reactStrictMode === null ? true : config.reactStrictMode
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_OPTIMIZE_FONTS': JSON.stringify(
-      !dev && config.optimizeFonts
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_OPTIMIZE_CSS': JSON.stringify(
-      config.experimental.optimizeCss && !dev
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_SCRIPT_WORKERS': JSON.stringify(
-      config.experimental.nextScriptWorkers && !dev
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_SCROLL_RESTORATION': JSON.stringify(
-      config.experimental.scrollRestoration
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_IMAGE_OPTS': JSON.stringify({
-      deviceSizes: config.images.deviceSizes,
-      imageSizes: config.images.imageSizes,
-      path: config.images.path,
-      loader: config.images.loader,
-      dangerouslyAllowSVG: config.images.dangerouslyAllowSVG,
-      unoptimized: config?.images?.unoptimized,
-      ...(dev
-        ? {
-            // pass domains in development to allow validating on the client
-            domains: config.images.domains,
-            remotePatterns: config.images?.remotePatterns,
-            output: config.output,
-          }
-        : {}),
-    }),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_ROUTER_BASEPATH': JSON.stringify(config.basePath),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_STRICT_NEXT_HEAD': JSON.stringify(
-      config.experimental.strictNextHead
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_HAS_REWRITES': JSON.stringify(hasRewrites),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_CONFIG_OUTPUT': JSON.stringify(config.output),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_I18N_SUPPORT': JSON.stringify(!!config.i18n),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_I18N_DOMAINS': JSON.stringify(config.i18n?.domains),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_ANALYTICS_ID': JSON.stringify(config.analyticsId), // TODO: remove in the next major version
-    'process.env.__NEXT_NO_MIDDLEWARE_URL_NORMALIZE': JSON.stringify(
-      config.skipMiddlewareUrlNormalize
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_EXTERNAL_MIDDLEWARE_REWRITE_RESOLVE': JSON.stringify(
-      config.experimental.externalMiddlewareRewritesResolve
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_MANUAL_TRAILING_SLASH': JSON.stringify(
-      config.skipTrailingSlashRedirect
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_HAS_WEB_VITALS_ATTRIBUTION': JSON.stringify(
+      config.reactStrictMode === null ? true : config.reactStrictMode,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_OPTIMIZE_FONTS': !dev && config.optimizeFonts,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_OPTIMIZE_CSS': config.experimental.optimizeCss && !dev,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_SCRIPT_WORKERS':
+      config.experimental.nextScriptWorkers && !dev,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_SCROLL_RESTORATION':
+      config.experimental.scrollRestoration,
+    ...getImageConfig(config, dev),
+    'process.env.__NEXT_ROUTER_BASEPATH': config.basePath,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_STRICT_NEXT_HEAD': config.experimental.strictNextHead,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_HAS_REWRITES': hasRewrites,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_CONFIG_OUTPUT': config.output,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_I18N_SUPPORT': !!config.i18n,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_I18N_DOMAINS': config.i18n?.domains,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_ANALYTICS_ID': config.analyticsId, // TODO: remove in the next major version
+    'process.env.__NEXT_NO_MIDDLEWARE_URL_NORMALIZE':
+      config.skipMiddlewareUrlNormalize,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_EXTERNAL_MIDDLEWARE_REWRITE_RESOLVE':
+      config.experimental.externalMiddlewareRewritesResolve,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_MANUAL_TRAILING_SLASH':
+      config.skipTrailingSlashRedirect,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_HAS_WEB_VITALS_ATTRIBUTION':
       config.experimental.webVitalsAttribution &&
-        config.experimental.webVitalsAttribution.length > 0
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_WEB_VITALS_ATTRIBUTION': JSON.stringify(
-      config.experimental.webVitalsAttribution
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_LINK_NO_TOUCH_START': JSON.stringify(
-      config.experimental.linkNoTouchStart
-    ),
-    'process.env.__NEXT_ASSET_PREFIX': JSON.stringify(config.assetPrefix),
+      config.experimental.webVitalsAttribution.length > 0,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_WEB_VITALS_ATTRIBUTION':
+      config.experimental.webVitalsAttribution,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_LINK_NO_TOUCH_START':
+      config.experimental.linkNoTouchStart,
+    'process.env.__NEXT_ASSET_PREFIX': config.assetPrefix,
     ...(isNodeOrEdgeCompilation
       ? {
           // Fix bad-actors in the npm ecosystem (e.g. `node-formidable`)
           // This is typically found in unmaintained modules from the
           // pre-webpack era (common in server-side code)
-          'global.GENTLY': JSON.stringify(false),
+          'global.GENTLY': false,
         }
       : undefined),
     ...(isNodeOrEdgeCompilation
       ? {
-          'process.env.__NEXT_EXPERIMENTAL_REACT': JSON.stringify(
-            needsExperimentalReact(config)
-          ),
+          'process.env.__NEXT_EXPERIMENTAL_REACT':
+            needsExperimentalReact(config),
         }
       : undefined),
   }
+  return serializeDefineEnv(defineEnv)
 }
 
 export function getDefineEnvPlugin(options: DefineEnvPluginOptions) {
diff --git a/packages/next/src/server/config-shared.ts b/packages/next/src/server/config-shared.ts
index a8e43031d6bf0..40480a055e3fb 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/server/config-shared.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/server/config-shared.ts
@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@ export type NextConfigComplete = Required<NextConfig> & {
   configFileName: string
 }
 
+export type I18NDomains = DomainLocale[]
+
 export interface I18NConfig {
   defaultLocale: string
-  domains?: DomainLocale[]
+  domains?: I18NDomains
   localeDetection?: false
   locales: string[]
 }